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Quel impact des nouveaux spéculateurs sur les prix agricoles ? Une analyse empirique des fonds d’investissement

Authors: Cordier, Jean; Gohin, Alexandre;

Quel impact des nouveaux spéculateurs sur les prix agricoles ? Une analyse empirique des fonds d’investissement

Abstract

La financiarisation des marchés agricoles est un fait ancien. Le fait nouveau, à la fin des années 2000, est le développement fulgurant du montant des investissements par de nouveaux types d’opérateurs utilisant des instruments innovants. L’augmentation des investissements dits spéculatifs est concomitante avec la forte hausse des prix en 2007-08 et avec l’augmentation de la volatilité implicite sur les marchés agricoles de référence. Une controverse s’est alors développée sur la responsabilité des nouveaux fonds d’investissement, avec comme conséquence la volonté publique de réguler les marchés de matières premières, les produits agricoles en particulier. Le point culminant de la réflexion politique mondiale correspond à la réunion du G-20 en France début novembre 2011, point précédé d’un G-20 agricole trois mois plus tôt. L’article explore l’hypothèse de cette responsabilité en décomposant les relations de causalité théoriques puis en testant leur existence sur la base de données publiques mais non utilisées sur le plan académique à notre connaissance.

The financial development of agricultural markets is not recent. But, starting early 2000, a large amount of investments on commodity markets, including agriculture, have been realized using innovative instruments. And in 2007-08, the continuous increase of investment was simultaneous with prices increases. Speculation and price spikes were soon “correlated”. A controversial debate on the role of commodity investment funds emerge that induced G-20 decision in November 2011 to limit excessive price volatility on commodity markets through improved control of speculation on futures and OTC markets. The article is analysing the hypothesis that commodity funds are causing price volatility using first a direct relationship between the “Assets Under Management” (AUM) of these funds and the agricultural futures prices, and second a sequential relationship between these variables through the commitment of commodity funds on related futures markets (open interest detained). As a conclusion, we validate the results of the two parties of the controversy.

Country
France
Subjects by Vocabulary

JEL Classification: jel:D84 jel:G23 jel:Q41 jel:G12 jel:G13 jel:G14 jel:Q13

Keywords

JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing • Cooperatives • Agribusiness, marché agricole, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], volatilité;prix;agriculture;marché à terme;fonds indiciel;spéculation, volatility, empirical method, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions • Financial Instruments • Institutional Investors, prix agricole, matière première alimentaire, Economies et finances, fonds indiciel, produit agricole, index fund, agricultural product, agriculture, Volatility, price, agriculture, futures market, index funds, speculation, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q4 - Energy/Q.Q4.Q41 - Demand and Supply • Prices, volatilité des prix, méthode empirique, future market, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G13 - Contingent Pricing • Futures Pricing, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D84 - Expectations • Speculations, price, fond indiciel, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G14 - Information and Market Efficiency • Event Studies • Insider Trading, marché à terme, Economies and finances, fonction d'investissement, volatilité, prix, spéculation, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G12 - Asset Pricing • Trading Volume • Bond Interest Rates

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  • citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    1
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
bronze