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Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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Pourquoi et jusqu'où la fuite en avant des agricultures sud-est asiatiques ?

Authors: De Koninck, Rodolphe; Rousseau, Jean-François;

Pourquoi et jusqu'où la fuite en avant des agricultures sud-est asiatiques ?

Abstract

Depuis les années 1960, les agricultures de la majorité des pays qui composent le Sud-Est asiatique connaissent une très forte croissance. Alimentée essentiellement par une relation dynamique entre intensification et expansion territoriale, la forte hausse concerne la quasi-totalité des productions, qu'elles soient vivrières, riz en tête, ou commerciales, huile de palme, caoutchouc et café compris. Les succès rencontrés par l'ensemble du secteur agricole sont en bonne partie attribuables aux politiques des États concernés, qui, tour à tour, depuis un demi-siècle, l'ont favorisé en incitant d'un côté les agriculteurs à l'adoption des nouvelles technologies, celles de la Révolution verte, et de l'autre en investissant massivement dans la colonisation agricole des marges territoriales. Depuis quelques années, cette fuite en avant a atteint le domaine maritime, avec le développement rapide des productions halieutiques, dont celles issues de l'aquaculture marine. Il en résulte, premièrement, une détérioration environnementale accélérée, affectant tout particulièrement le patrimoine forestier, forêt de mangrove comprise, ainsi que les mers de la région. Deuxièmement, bien que l'expansion territoriale de l'agriculture vivrière ait jusqu'à récemment tenu tête à celle des cultures d'exportation, depuis peu ces dernières progressent nettement plus rapidement. Ce conditionnement au marché mondial s'accompagne d'un accroissement du rôle des multinationales de l'agriculture qui tendent à remplacer les États comme gestionnaires du domaine agricole, y compris les fronts pionniers.

Since the early 1960s, agricultural growth has been strong among most Southeast Asian countries. Largely fed by a dynamic relationship between agricultural intensification and territorial expansion, this strong growth concerns nearly all forms of production whether food or non-food, whether rice or cash crops such as palm oil, rubber or coffee. But the major factors behind these successes have been state policies. These have facilitated the adoption of new technologies among agricultural communities, particularly those associated with the Green Revolution as well as massive land opening towards the respective national territorial margins. More recently, this expansion has reached into the maritime domain, with the development of fish production including through marine aquaculture. This has led, first, to an acceleration of environmental deterioration which concerns in particular both the forest domain, including mangroves, and the maritime domain itself. Secondly, although until recently agricultural food production had held its ground so to speak, growing at equivalent speed with cash crop production, it is now beginning to fall behind. The growing submission of the region's agricultures to world market demand goes hand in hand with the increasing role played by agro-food multinationals which everywhere are replacing the states in monitoring the national agricultural domains, pioneer fronts included.

Keywords

Asie du Sud-Est, agricultural expansion, intensification agricole, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Geography, Planning and Development, détérioration environnementale, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, environnemental degradation, Southeast Asia, expansion agricole, agricultural intensification, agriculture, Earth-Surface Processes

Spencer J. E. (1966). Shifting Cultivation in Figure 12. Principaux producteurs de cacao et Southeastern Asi.aBerkeley: University of Calipr-ix, 1961-2010 fornia Press, 247 p.

John P. SulliFvraonm, Drug Wars to Criminal Insurgency: Mexican Cartels, Criminal Enclaves and Criminal Insurgency in Mexico and Central America. Implications for Global SecuriFtMy, SH-WP-2012-09, avril 2012.

Jean-François Sabouret,Mars 2012 : Un an après Fukushima, le Japon entre catastrophes et résilience, FMSH-PP-2012-01, mars 2012.

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    Average
  • citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    7
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
7
Top 10%
Average
Average
bronze