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Impacts of temperature increase and change in precipitation pattern on ecophysiology, biomass allocation and yield quality of selected crops

Authors: Drebenstedt, Ireen;

Impacts of temperature increase and change in precipitation pattern on ecophysiology, biomass allocation and yield quality of selected crops

Abstract

Climate change poses a challenge for the production of crops in the twenty-first century due to alterations in environmental conditions. In Central Europe, temperature will be increased and precipitation pattern will be altered, thereby influencing soil moisture content, physiological plant processes and crop development in agricultural areas, with impacts on crop yield and the chemical composition of seeds. Warming and drought often occur simultaneously. The combination of multiple abiotic stresses can be synergistic, leading to additive negative effects on crop productivity. To date, little information is available from multi-factor experiments analyzing interactive effects of warming and reduced precipitation in an arable field. In addition, one major issue of studying climate change effects on crop development in the long-term is that weather conditions can vary strongly between years, e.g., with hot and dry summers in comparison to cool and wet ones, which directly affects soil moisture content and indirectly affects crop development. Thus, considering yearly weather conditions seems to be important for the analyses of climate change effects on aboveground biomass and harvestable yield of crops. The aim of the present work was to identify single and combined effects of soil warming (+2.5 °C), reduced summer precipitation amount (-25%), and precipitation frequency (-50%) on crop development, ecophysiology, aboveground biomass and yield as well as on yield quality of wheat, barley, and oilseed rape grown in the Hohenheim Climate Change (HoCC) field experiment. This thesis presents novel results from the HoCC experiment in the long-term perspective. Thus, aboveground biomass and yield data (2009-2018) of the three crops were analyzed with regard to their inter-annual variability, including annual fluctuations in weather conditions.This thesis consists of three publications. In the first and second publication a field experiment within the scope of the HoCC experiment was conducted with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. RGT Planet) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Mercedes) in 2016 and 2017. The objective was to investigate the impacts of soil warming, altered precipitation pattern and their interactions on biomass production and crop yield. In addition, it was examined, whether the simulated climate changes affecting barley photosynthesis and the seed quality compounds of oilseed rape. In the third publication, long-term plant productivity data of wheat, barley, and oilseed rape were evaluated, including aboveground biomass and yield data from the field experiment in 2018 with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Rebell). Der Klimawandel stellt aufgrund veränderter Umweltbedingungen eine Herausforderung für den Anbau von landwirtschaftlichen Nutzpflanzen im 21. Jahrhundert dar. In Mitteleuropa steigt die Temperatur an und die Niederschlagsmuster verändern sich, wodurch die Bodenfeuchte, die physiologischen Pflanzenprozesse und die Pflanzenentwicklung in landwirtschaftlichen Gebieten beeinflusst werden. Dies wirkt sich auf den Ernteertrag und die chemische Zusammensetzung der Erträge aus. Häufig treten Erwärmung und Trockenheit gleichzeitig auf. Dabei kann sich das Vorkommen mehrerer abiotischer Stressoren synergistisch auswirken und zu additiv negativen Effekten auf die Pflanzenproduktivität führen. Bisher liegen nur wenige Informationen aus multifaktoriellen Experimenten vor, welche die Wechselwirkungen von Erwärmung und Trockenheit in einem landwirtschaftlichen Feld untersuchen. Darüber hinaus ist es wichtig die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Entwicklung von Nutzpflanzen in Langzeitstudien zu untersuchen, da die Wetterbedingungen zwischen den Jahren stark variieren können, z. B. mit heißen und trockenen Sommern im Vergleich zu kühlen und nassen, mit direkter Auswirkung auf die Bodenfeuchte und indirekter Wirkung auf die Entwicklung der Pflanzen. Demzufolge scheint eine Berücksichtigung der jährlichen Wetterbedingungen wichtig zu sein, wenn die Folgen des Klimawandels auf die oberirdische Biomasse und den Ernteertrag von landwirtschaftlichen Nutzpflanzen abgeschätzt werden. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es im Rahmen des Hohenheim Climate Change (HoCC) Feld-Experimentes die Folgen der drei Faktoren Bodenerwärmung (+2,5°C), reduzierter Sommer Niederschlagsmenge (-25 %) und Niederschlagshäufigkeit (-50 %) einzeln oder in Kombination auf die Parameter Pflanzenentwicklung, Ökophysiologie, oberirdische Biomasse, Ertrag und Ertragsqualität von Weizen, Gerste und Raps zu untersuchen. In dieser Arbeit werden neue Ergebnisse aus dem Langzeit - HoCC-Experiment präsentiert. Dazu wurden Daten von 2009-2018 zu oberirdischer Biomasse und Ertrag der drei Kulturen hinsichtlich ihrer zwischenjährlichen Variabilität analysiert und jährliche Schwankungen in den Witterungsbedingungen berücksichtigt. Die Dissertation besteht aus drei Publikationen. In der ersten und zweiten Veröffentlichung wurde im Rahmen des HoCC Experimentes in den Jahren 2016 und 2017 ein Feldversuch mit den Nutzpflanzen Sommergerste (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. RGT Planet) und Winterraps (Brassica napus L. cv. Mercedes) durchgeführt. Ziel war es, die Auswirkungen einer Bodenerwärmung, veränderten Niederschlagsmustern und deren Wechselwirkungen auf die Biomasseproduktion und den Ernteertrag zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus wurde untersucht, ob sich die simulierten Klimaänderungen auf die Photosynthese von Gerste sowie auf die Inhaltsstoffe von Rapssamen auswirken. In der dritten Veröffentlichung wurden Langzeit - Produktivitätsdaten von Weizen, Gerste, und Raps ausgewertet, darunter oberirdische Biomasse und Ertragsdaten aus dem HoCC Feldversuch von 2018 mit Winterweizen (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Rebell).

Country
Germany
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Subjects by Vocabulary

Dewey Decimal Classification: ddc:630

Keywords

Klimawandel, Raps, oilseed rape, Dürre, Trockenheit, Trockenperioden, Agriculture, Erwärmung, Klimaänderung, global warming, Temperaturanstieg, Global warming, Kulturpflanzen, Climate change, wheat, barley, Weizen, Gerste

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  • citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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