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  • 2021-2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ahmed A. Heflish; Ahmed Abdelkhalek; Abdulaziz Alaskar; Said I. Behiry;

    Two molecularly identified tomato isolates, Trichoderma asperelloides Ta41 and Rhizoctonia solani Rs33, were characterized and antagonistically evaluated. The dual culture technique showed that Ta41 had a high antagonistic activity of 83.33%, while a light microscope bioassay demonstrated that the Ta41 isolate over-parasitized the pathogen completely. Under greenhouse conditions, the application of Ta41 was able to promote tomato plant growth and had a significant increase in plant height, root length, and shoot fresh, shoot dry, root fresh, and root dry weight. It also improved chlorophyll content and total phenol content significantly, both in protective and in curative treatments. The protective treatment assay exhibited the lowest disease index (16.00%), while the curative treatment showed a disease index of 33.33%. At 20 days post-inoculation, significant increases in the relative expression levels of four defense-related genes (PR-1, PR-2, PR-3, and CHS) were observed in all Ta41-treated plants when compared with the non-treated plants. Interestingly, the plants treated with Ta41 alone showed the highest expression, with relative transcriptional levels of CHS, PR-3, PR-1, and PR-2 that were, compared with the control, 3.91-, 3.13-, 2.94-, and 2.69-fold higher, respectively, and the protective treatment showed relative transcriptional levels that were 3.50-, 3.63-, 2.39-, and 2.27-fold higher, respectively. Consequently, the ability of Ta41 to promote tomato growth, suppress Rs33 growth, and induce systemic resistance supports the incorporation of Ta41 as a potential bioagent for controlling root rot disease and increasing the productivity of crops, including tomatoes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Agronomyarrow_drop_down
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    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Article . 2021
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    Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Agronomyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DOAJ
      Article . 2021
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      Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Eman M. Saad; Reda F. Elshaarawy; Safaa A. Mahmoud; Khalid M. El-Moselhy;

    The current article covers the production of chitosan (CS) from shells of shrimp waste and its utilization in the preparation of eco-friendly imprinting and non-imprinting composites with Ulva lactuca algae (Alg). These bio-composites namely (Imp-Alg-25wt% CS) and (NImp-Alg-25wt% CS) were used for removal of Cd(II) ions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis measurements were performed to characterize these bio-composites sorbents. The highest adsorption of these sorbents towards Cd(II) ions was determined as a function of solutions pH, contact time, Cd(II) ion concentration, beads dose, and temperature. The equilibrium experimental data were treated using various mathematical isotherm and kinetic models to approve the maximum bio-sorption capacities of NImp-Alg-25wt% CS and Imp-Alg-25wt% CS (in mg/g). The results exhibited that Imp-Alg-25wt% CS gave higher removal capacity than NImp-Alg-25wt% CS at the same optimum parameters. Pseudo-2nd order dynamic and Langmuir isotherm models were well described in these biosorption processes. Thermodynamically, the removal behavior of Cd(II) using both bio-composites was spontaneous at room temperature. The reusability of the sorbents, NImp-Alg-25wt% CS and Imp-Alg-25wt% CS, showed three cycles. In addition, comparative study was also conducted for Cd(II) removal onto some reported sorbents.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Bioresour...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Bioresour...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ahmad Taher Azar; Fernando E. Serrano; Anis Koubaa; Mazen Ahmed Taha; +1 Authors

    Abstract Due to the increasing application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), it is necessary to design new strategies related to the complexity of the maneuvering task of UAVs because it is sometimes necessary to avoid obstacles or to maneuver in reduced spaces. Sliding mode controllers (SMCs) have now become a superior alternative for tracking robotics and other types of mechanical systems. For this reason, this chapter proposes fast terminal SMCs for high speed and complex maneuvering of unmanned aerial vehicles. Three fast terminal SMC (FTSMC) techniques will be used for tracking UAVs at high speed. The first is a second-order FTSMC, taking into account the dynamics of UAVs in order to achieve efficient tracking when complex maneuvers are carried out at high speed. The second strategy will be an adaptive quick terminal backstepping SMC and the third strategy will be an adaptive second-order SMC. These three strategies will be designed with the Lyapunov approach, given that the sliding surface reach time is sufficiently small to improve the system's time response when high speed and complex maneuvering is required. Convergence of the sliding variables will be tested by numerical experiments and a comparative analysis will be carried out by implementing several reference complex trajectories. Finally, a discussion and conclusion section on future work is provided.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ahmed M. A. Shaaban; Tarek A. Hammad; Mahmoud A Mahmoud;

    The study aims to identify the current situation of fisheries in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The study dealt with the organizational culture and its impact on economic feasibility, the most important factors affecting economic feasibility, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was used. This is to ensure the validity of the study hypotheses. The study found the following results: There is statistical indication that there is a difference in the opinions of the respondents about the influence of the organizational culture (the focus of researchers and research in fisheries management) on the economics of fisheries, as the first hypothesis is confirmed. There is statistical indication that there is a difference in the opinions of the respondents about the effect of organizational culture (an axis related to employees in fisheries management) on the economics of fisheries, as the second hypothesis is confirmed. There is statistical indication that there is a discrepancy in the opinions of the respondents about the most important factors affecting the economic viability of fisheries, as the third hypothesis is confirmed. Among the most important recommendations made by researchers are the following: Attention must be paid to the organizational culture of fisheries management and focus on the human element (employees, researchers and workers) in order to streamline and flow production processes and raise the organizational efficiency of fisheries management. Research authorities must be consulted as they help solve economic problems and have a positive impact on the economic viability of fisheries and research bodies such as the Institute of Marine Sciences, colleges of fish wealth and others. It is imperative to distinguish those who obtained degrees, both materially and morally, which encourages researchers to make more efforts to develop the fisheries sector in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Paying attention to the organizational culture elements that positively affect the economic viability of fisheries, such as cooperation between leaders and researchers, cooperation between various disciplines, the assistance of Egyptian researchers and specialists, support of specialists for fisheries guidance, and employee support through specialists in the field of fisheries. There is no doubt that the study and analysis of economic feasibility related to fisheries can be used to develop the features of strategies that benefit policy makers and aim to rationalize fisheries management systems by focusing on the main and pivotal role of the economy, as dispensing with it when planning is considered an economic suicide for fisheries management (Food and Agriculture Organization) 2016.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Environme...arrow_drop_down
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    Journal of Environmental Science
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Environme...arrow_drop_down
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      Journal of Environmental Science
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Hassan Auda Awaad; Abdelazim M. Negm; Hassan E.S. Fath; Akbar A. Javadi;

    Egypt, as one of the countries in the MENA region, is facing water scarcity, which is one of the challenges affecting the productivity of agricultural crops. The integration of solar water desalination systems in greenhouses to overcome water shortages in some areas like Egypt is, therefore, one of the favored technologies in crop-growing areas. Crop growth control is done by adequately manipulating climatic variables of the environment as well as the quantity of water and fertilizers applied through irrigation. Numerous crops can be grown under greenhouse circumstances with water produced from desalinated units. Cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, strawberries, flowers, herbs anything that can be grown in traditional greenhouses, can also be grown in a greenhouse. This paper presents the state-of-the-art in the use of solar energy in water desalination to irrigate crops, the feasibility of greenhouse systems in agriculture, the feasibility of water desalination for agriculture in Arab countries and Egypt and the future outlook.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Ahmed A. Elngar;
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    Authors: Amira M. I. Mourad; Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid; Shamseldeen Eltaher; P. Stephen Baenziger; +1 Authors

    Wheat stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is a major disease that damages wheat plants and affects wheat yield all over the world. In recent years, stripe rust became a major problem that affects wheat yield in Egypt. New races appeared and caused breakdowns in the resistant genotypes. To improve resistance in the Egyptian genotypes, new sources of resistance are urgently needed. In the recent research, a set of 95 wheat genotypes collected from 19 countries, including Egypt, were evaluated for their resistance against the Egyptian race(s) of stripe rust under field conditions in the two growing seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. A high genetic variation was found among the tested genotypes. Single marker analysis was conducted using a subset of 71 genotypes and 424 diversity array technology (DArT) markers, well distributed across the genome. Out of the tested markers, 13 stable markers were identified that were significantly associated with resistance in both years (p-value ≤ 0.05). By using the sequence of the DArT markers, the chromosomal position of the significant DArT markers was detected, and nearby gene models were identified. Two markers on chromosomes 5A and 5B were found to be located within gene models functionally annotated with disease resistance in plants. These two markers could be used in marker-assisted selection for stripe rust resistance under Egyptian conditions. Two German genotypes were carrying the targeted allele of all the significant DArT markers associated with stripe rust resistance and could be used to improve resistance under Egyptian conditions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Agronomyarrow_drop_down
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    Agronomy
    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Agronomy
    Article . 2021
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DOAJ
    Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: H. S. Abu Salem; Mahmoud Shams; Aboul Ella Hassanien; Ahmed M. Nosair;

    The new Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has cast a shadow over the entire world and affected the universe in all economic, environmental, industrial, and agricultural aspects. Accordingly, the study of the potential routes of virus spreading is crucial to limit the infection. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey of most past and current studies that dealt with the causes of the spread of the new COVID-19, mostly surface water and groundwater. The threat is commonly associated with the direct use of contaminated surface or groundwater by sewage sources arose mainly from the mixing of clean water with sewage through several pathways. The second wave of COVID-19 is currently invading the world, especially with the emerging new virus strains that invaded Britain in December 2020, having double the infectivity of the COVID-19 of the first wave. Accordingly, a water management system is required to monitor the increased transmission rate by developing biosensors and IoT to detect and estimate the SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and drinking water. Besides, the integration of IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies could examine how effectively the AI could monitor the outbreaks to help decision-makers curb the infection. This work will also shed light on increasing public awareness of the virus’s risk spread through distinct contaminated surface and groundwater paths, especially when consumed directly without disinfection procedures. Additionally, a case study in the East Nile Delta is discussed to show how the contamination of surface water represents a potential route for virus transmission through the direct use of contaminated groundwater, where a potential wastewater flow paths were recorded from a heavily polluted drain to the nearby wells. We recommend a future work plan for continuous monitoring of the surface water, groundwater, and wastewater, to detect the presence or absence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
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      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
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    Authors: Adel H. Elmetwalli; Andrew N. Tyler; Farahat S. Moghanm; Saad Alamri; +2 Authors

    In site-specific management, rapid and accurate identification of crop stress at a large scale is critical. Radiometric ground-based data and satellite imaging with advanced spatial and spectral resolution allow for a deeper understanding of crop stress and the level of stress in a given area. This research aimed to assess the potential of radiometric ground-based data and high-resolution QuickBird satellite imagery to determine the leaf area index (LAI), biomass fresh weight (BFW) and chlorophyll meter (Chlm) of maize across well-irrigated, water stress and salinity stress areas in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were evaluated to estimate the three measured traits based on vegetation spectral indices (vegetation-SRIs) derived from these methods and their combination. Maize field visits were conducted during the summer seasons from 28 to 30 July 2007 to collect ground reference data concurrent with the acquisition of radiometric ground-based measurements and QuickBird satellite imagery. The results showed that the majority of vegetation-SRIs extracted from radiometric ground-based data and high-resolution satellite images were more effective in estimating LAI, BFW, and Chlm. In general, the vegetation-SRIs of radiometric ground-based data showed higher R2 with measured traits compared to the vegetation-SRIs extracted from high-resolution satellite imagery. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the significant relationships between vegetation-SRIs of both methods and three measured traits varied from 0.64 to 0.89. For example, with QuickBird high-resolution satellite images, the relationships of the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) with LAI and BFW showed the highest R2 of 0.80 and 0.84, respectively. Overall, the ground-based vegetation-SRIs and the satellite-based indices were found to be in good agreement to assess the measured traits of maize. Both the calibration (Cal.) and validation (Val.) models of PLSR and MLR showed the highest performance in predicting the three measured traits based on the combination of vegetation-SRIs from radiometric ground-based data and high-resolution QuickBird satellite imagery. For example, validation (Val.) models of PLSR and MLR showed the highest performance in predicting the measured traits based on the combination of vegetation-SRIs from radiometric ground-based data and high-resolution QuickBird satellite imagery with R2 (0.91) of both methods for LAI, R2 (0.91–0.93) for BFW respectively, and R2 (0.82) of both methods for Chlm. The models of PLSR and MLR showed approximately the same performance in predicting the three measured traits and no clear difference was found between them and their combinations. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study showed that radiometric ground-based measurements and high spectral resolution remote-sensing imagery have the potential to offer necessary crop monitoring information across well-irrigated, water stress and salinity stress in regions suffering lack of freshwater resources.

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    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid; Sultan Refa Alotaibi;

    Internet of things (IoT) plays significant role in the fourth industrial revolution and attracts an increasing interest due to the rapid development of smart devices. IoT comprises factors of twofold. Firstly, a set of things (i.e., appliances, devices, vehicles, etc.) connected together via network. Secondly, human-device interaction to communicate with these things. Speech is the most natural methodology of interaction that can enrich user experience. In this paper, we propose a novel and effective approach for building customized voice interaction for controlling smart devices in IoT environments (i.e., Smart home). The proposed approach is based on extracting customized tiny decoding graph from a large graph constructed using weighted finite sates transducers. Experimental results showed that tiny decoding graphs are very efficient in terms of computational resources and recognition accuracy in clean and noisy conditions. To emphasize the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the standard Resources Management (RM1) dataset was employed and promising results were achieved when compared with four competitive approaches.

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    Authors: Ahmed A. Heflish; Ahmed Abdelkhalek; Abdulaziz Alaskar; Said I. Behiry;

    Two molecularly identified tomato isolates, Trichoderma asperelloides Ta41 and Rhizoctonia solani Rs33, were characterized and antagonistically evaluated. The dual culture technique showed that Ta41 had a high antagonistic activity of 83.33%, while a light microscope bioassay demonstrated that the Ta41 isolate over-parasitized the pathogen completely. Under greenhouse conditions, the application of Ta41 was able to promote tomato plant growth and had a significant increase in plant height, root length, and shoot fresh, shoot dry, root fresh, and root dry weight. It also improved chlorophyll content and total phenol content significantly, both in protective and in curative treatments. The protective treatment assay exhibited the lowest disease index (16.00%), while the curative treatment showed a disease index of 33.33%. At 20 days post-inoculation, significant increases in the relative expression levels of four defense-related genes (PR-1, PR-2, PR-3, and CHS) were observed in all Ta41-treated plants when compared with the non-treated plants. Interestingly, the plants treated with Ta41 alone showed the highest expression, with relative transcriptional levels of CHS, PR-3, PR-1, and PR-2 that were, compared with the control, 3.91-, 3.13-, 2.94-, and 2.69-fold higher, respectively, and the protective treatment showed relative transcriptional levels that were 3.50-, 3.63-, 2.39-, and 2.27-fold higher, respectively. Consequently, the ability of Ta41 to promote tomato growth, suppress Rs33 growth, and induce systemic resistance supports the incorporation of Ta41 as a potential bioagent for controlling root rot disease and increasing the productivity of crops, including tomatoes.

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    Authors: Eman M. Saad; Reda F. Elshaarawy; Safaa A. Mahmoud; Khalid M. El-Moselhy;

    The current article covers the production of chitosan (CS) from shells of shrimp waste and its utilization in the preparation of eco-friendly imprinting and non-imprinting composites with Ulva lactuca algae (Alg). These bio-composites namely (Imp-Alg-25wt% CS) and (NImp-Alg-25wt% CS) were used for removal of Cd(II) ions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis measurements were performed to characterize these bio-composites sorbents. The highest adsorption of these sorbents towards Cd(II) ions was determined as a function of solutions pH, contact time, Cd(II) ion concentration, beads dose, and temperature. The equilibrium experimental data were treated using various mathematical isotherm and kinetic models to approve the maximum bio-sorption capacities of NImp-Alg-25wt% CS and Imp-Alg-25wt% CS (in mg/g). The results exhibited that Imp-Alg-25wt% CS gave higher removal capacity than NImp-Alg-25wt% CS at the same optimum parameters. Pseudo-2nd order dynamic and Langmuir isotherm models were well described in these biosorption processes. Thermodynamically, the removal behavior of Cd(II) using both bio-composites was spontaneous at room temperature. The reusability of the sorbents, NImp-Alg-25wt% CS and Imp-Alg-25wt% CS, showed three cycles. In addition, comparative study was also conducted for Cd(II) removal onto some reported sorbents.

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    Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
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      Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ahmad Taher Azar; Fernando E. Serrano; Anis Koubaa; Mazen Ahmed Taha; +1 Authors

    Abstract Due to the increasing application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), it is necessary to design new strategies related to the complexity of the maneuvering task of UAVs because it is sometimes necessary to avoid obstacles or to maneuver in reduced spaces. Sliding mode controllers (SMCs) have now become a superior alternative for tracking robotics and other types of mechanical systems. For this reason, this chapter proposes fast terminal SMCs for high speed and complex maneuvering of unmanned aerial vehicles. Three fast terminal SMC (FTSMC) techniques will be used for tracking UAVs at high speed. The first is a second-order FTSMC, taking into account the dynamics of UAVs in order to achieve efficient tracking when complex maneuvers are carried out at high speed. The second strategy will be an adaptive quick terminal backstepping SMC and the third strategy will be an adaptive second-order SMC. These three strategies will be designed with the Lyapunov approach, given that the sliding surface reach time is sufficiently small to improve the system's time response when high speed and complex maneuvering is required. Convergence of the sliding variables will be tested by numerical experiments and a comparative analysis will be carried out by implementing several reference complex trajectories. Finally, a discussion and conclusion section on future work is provided.

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    https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ahmed M. A. Shaaban; Tarek A. Hammad; Mahmoud A Mahmoud;

    The study aims to identify the current situation of fisheries in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The study dealt with the organizational culture and its impact on economic feasibility, the most important factors affecting economic feasibility, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was used. This is to ensure the validity of the study hypotheses. The study found the following results: There is statistical indication that there is a difference in the opinions of the respondents about the influence of the organizational culture (the focus of researchers and research in fisheries management) on the economics of fisheries, as the first hypothesis is confirmed. There is statistical indication that there is a difference in the opinions of the respondents about the effect of organizational culture (an axis related to employees in fisheries management) on the economics of fisheries, as the second hypothesis is confirmed. There is statistical indication that there is a discrepancy in the opinions of the respondents about the most important factors affecting the economic viability of fisheries, as the third hypothesis is confirmed. Among the most important recommendations made by researchers are the following: Attention must be paid to the organizational culture of fisheries management and focus on the human element (employees, researchers and workers) in order to streamline and flow production processes and raise the organizational efficiency of fisheries management. Research authorities must be consulted as they help solve economic problems and have a positive impact on the economic viability of fisheries and research bodies such as the Institute of Marine Sciences, colleges of fish wealth and others. It is imperative to distinguish those who obtained degrees, both materially and morally, which encourages researchers to make more efforts to develop the fisheries sector in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Paying attention to the organizational culture elements that positively affect the economic viability of fisheries, such as cooperation between leaders and researchers, cooperation between various disciplines, the assistance of Egyptian researchers and specialists, support of specialists for fisheries guidance, and employee support through specialists in the field of fisheries. There is no doubt that the study and analysis of economic feasibility related to fisheries can be used to develop the features of strategies that benefit policy makers and aim to rationalize fisheries management systems by focusing on the main and pivotal role of the economy, as dispensing with it when planning is considered an economic suicide for fisheries management (Food and Agriculture Organization) 2016.

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    Journal of Environmental Science
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Environmental Science
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Hassan Auda Awaad; Abdelazim M. Negm; Hassan E.S. Fath; Akbar A. Javadi;

    Egypt, as one of the countries in the MENA region, is facing water scarcity, which is one of the challenges affecting the productivity of agricultural crops. The integration of solar water desalination systems in greenhouses to overcome water shortages in some areas like Egypt is, therefore, one of the favored technologies in crop-growing areas. Crop growth control is done by adequately manipulating climatic variables of the environment as well as the quantity of water and fertilizers applied through irrigation. Numerous crops can be grown under greenhouse circumstances with water produced from desalinated units. Cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, strawberries, flowers, herbs anything that can be grown in traditional greenhouses, can also be grown in a greenhouse. This paper presents the state-of-the-art in the use of solar energy in water desalination to irrigate crops, the feasibility of greenhouse systems in agriculture, the feasibility of water desalination for agriculture in Arab countries and Egypt and the future outlook.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Ahmed A. Elngar;
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    Authors: Amira M. I. Mourad; Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid; Shamseldeen Eltaher; P. Stephen Baenziger; +1 Authors

    Wheat stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is a major disease that damages wheat plants and affects wheat yield all over the world. In recent years, stripe rust became a major problem that affects wheat yield in Egypt. New races appeared and caused breakdowns in the resistant genotypes. To improve resistance in the Egyptian genotypes, new sources of resistance are urgently needed. In the recent research, a set of 95 wheat genotypes collected from 19 countries, including Egypt, were evaluated for their resistance against the Egyptian race(s) of stripe rust under field conditions in the two growing seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. A high genetic variation was found among the tested genotypes. Single marker analysis was conducted using a subset of 71 genotypes and 424 diversity array technology (DArT) markers, well distributed across the genome. Out of the tested markers, 13 stable markers were identified that were significantly associated with resistance in both years (p-value ≤ 0.05). By using the sequence of the DArT markers, the chromosomal position of the significant DArT markers was detected, and nearby gene models were identified. Two markers on chromosomes 5A and 5B were found to be located within gene models functionally annotated with disease resistance in plants. These two markers could be used in marker-assisted selection for stripe rust resistance under Egyptian conditions. Two German genotypes were carrying the targeted allele of all the significant DArT markers associated with stripe rust resistance and could be used to improve resistance under Egyptian conditions.

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    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: H. S. Abu Salem; Mahmoud Shams; Aboul Ella Hassanien; Ahmed M. Nosair;

    The new Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has cast a shadow over the entire world and affected the universe in all economic, environmental, industrial, and agricultural aspects. Accordingly, the study of the potential routes of virus spreading is crucial to limit the infection. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey of most past and current studies that dealt with the causes of the spread of the new COVID-19, mostly surface water and groundwater. The threat is commonly associated with the direct use of contaminated surface or groundwater by sewage sources arose mainly from the mixing of clean water with sewage through several pathways. The second wave of COVID-19 is currently invading the world, especially with the emerging new virus strains that invaded Britain in December 2020, having double the infectivity of the COVID-19 of the first wave. Accordingly, a water management system is required to monitor the increased transmission rate by developing biosensors and IoT to detect and estimate the SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and drinking water. Besides, the integration of IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies could examine how effectively the AI could monitor the outbreaks to help decision-makers curb the infection. This work will also shed light on increasing public awareness of the virus’s risk spread through distinct contaminated surface and groundwater paths, especially when consumed directly without disinfection procedures. Additionally, a case study in the East Nile Delta is discussed to show how the contamination of surface water represents a potential route for virus transmission through the direct use of contaminated groundwater, where a potential wastewater flow paths were recorded from a heavily polluted drain to the nearby wells. We recommend a future work plan for continuous monitoring of the surface water, groundwater, and wastewater, to detect the presence or absence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

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    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
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    Authors: Adel H. Elmetwalli; Andrew N. Tyler; Farahat S. Moghanm; Saad Alamri; +2 Authors

    In site-specific management, rapid and accurate identification of crop stress at a large scale is critical. Radiometric ground-based data and satellite imaging with advanced spatial and spectral resolution allow for a deeper understanding of crop stress and the level of stress in a given area. This research aimed to assess the potential of radiometric ground-based data and high-resolution QuickBird satellite imagery to determine the leaf area index (LAI), biomass fresh weight (BFW) and chlorophyll meter (Chlm) of maize across well-irrigated, water stress and salinity stress areas in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were evaluated to estimate the three measured traits based on vegetation spectral indices (vegetation-SRIs) derived from these methods and their combination. Maize field visits were conducted during the summer seasons from 28 to 30 July 2007 to collect ground reference data concurrent with the acquisition of radiometric ground-based measurements and QuickBird satellite imagery. The results showed that the majority of vegetation-SRIs extracted from radiometric ground-based data and high-resolution satellite images were more effective in estimating LAI, BFW, and Chlm. In general, the vegetation-SRIs of radiometric ground-based data showed higher R2 with measured traits compared to the vegetation-SRIs extracted from high-resolution satellite imagery. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the significant relationships between vegetation-SRIs of both methods and three measured traits varied from 0.64 to 0.89. For example, with QuickBird high-resolution satellite images, the relationships of the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) with LAI and BFW showed the highest R2 of 0.80 and 0.84, respectively. Overall, the ground-based vegetation-SRIs and the satellite-based indices were found to be in good agreement to assess the measured traits of maize. Both the calibration (Cal.) and validation (Val.) models of PLSR and MLR showed the highest performance in predicting the three measured traits based on the combination of vegetation-SRIs from radiometric ground-based data and high-resolution QuickBird satellite imagery. For example, validation (Val.) models of PLSR and MLR showed the highest performance in predicting the measured traits based on the combination of vegetation-SRIs from radiometric ground-based data and high-resolution QuickBird satellite imagery with R2 (0.91) of both methods for LAI, R2 (0.91–0.93) for BFW respectively, and R2 (0.82) of both methods for Chlm. The models of PLSR and MLR showed approximately the same performance in predicting the three measured traits and no clear difference was found between them and their combinations. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study showed that radiometric ground-based measurements and high spectral resolution remote-sensing imagery have the potential to offer necessary crop monitoring information across well-irrigated, water stress and salinity stress in regions suffering lack of freshwater resources.

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  • Authors: Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid; Sultan Refa Alotaibi;

    Internet of things (IoT) plays significant role in the fourth industrial revolution and attracts an increasing interest due to the rapid development of smart devices. IoT comprises factors of twofold. Firstly, a set of things (i.e., appliances, devices, vehicles, etc.) connected together via network. Secondly, human-device interaction to communicate with these things. Speech is the most natural methodology of interaction that can enrich user experience. In this paper, we propose a novel and effective approach for building customized voice interaction for controlling smart devices in IoT environments (i.e., Smart home). The proposed approach is based on extracting customized tiny decoding graph from a large graph constructed using weighted finite sates transducers. Experimental results showed that tiny decoding graphs are very efficient in terms of computational resources and recognition accuracy in clean and noisy conditions. To emphasize the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the standard Resources Management (RM1) dataset was employed and promising results were achieved when compared with four competitive approaches.

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