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Ceratitis capitata (Diptera:Tephritidae) is native to Africa, but has spread to other parts of the world including southern Europe, Australia, Middle east and the New World tropics. The Mediterranean fruit fly is considered to be one of the worlds most destructive fruit pests because of its global distribution, wide host range and rapid dispersal. Of the main pathways of entry of C. capitata in Bulgaria, the pathway of infested fruits is considered as the most important and entry along this pathway is assessed as likely. Spread is expected to be by both natural means and by trade in fruit. C. capitata is a strong flyer and this would facilitate its transfer to suitable hosts. The Bulgarian Food Safety Agency (BFSA) provided data from monitoring surveys in 15 regions of the country for the period 2014 - 2016. Despite the low density of C. capitata adults captured in Bulgaria, the results from the surveys are similar to the data on the seasonal occurence of population fluctuations obtained in neighboring countries (Northern Greece, Montenegro, Croatia, Romania) and Spain. BG; bg; EFSAfocalpoint@mzh.government.bg

This paper considers the impact of agriculture and international trade development on income distribution and economic activity in Mozambique. A social accounting matrix multiplier decomposition model is used - in particular, an extension of the standard model that details the process of income distribution through the economy's institutions. When we focus on the impact on rural low-income households, the emphasis is on the food crop and food-processing sectors. The results suggest surprisingly that such households do not benefit much from exogenous increases in agricultural crops; high-income rural and urban households benefit more. A full decomposition of the multipliers suggests that rural low-income households link strongly to food-processing, but that the latter is not very prominent in the Mozambican economy due to high import penetration. The second focus is therefore on international trade, which reveals that the high rates of imports regarding food-processing are mainly sourced from South Africa.

Arbeidet har sett på muligheten for å overføre dagens metodikk for «klimagassframskrivninger i jordbrukssektoren» til «avrenning av næringsstoffer til vann fra jordbruksaktivitet og økologisk tilstand i vannforekomster». Jordbruk og vannmiljø er brukt som eksempel for å vurdere hvorvidt metoder som benyttes nasjonalt og internasjonalt i klimaarbeidet kan brukes for å utvikle kunnskapsgrunnlaget og verktøykassen for styring av oppnåelse av flere klima- og miljømål i 2030 og 2050. Vi har vurdert at det er faglig mulig å utarbeide framskrivninger for avrenning av næringsstoffer fra jordbrukssektoren. For å kunne utarbeide slike framskrivninger er det imidlertid behov for å tilpasse konseptet til vannforvaltningen og videreutvikle både datagrunnlag og modellverktøy. Vi anbefaler derfor at det igangsettes et arbeid for å utvikle modellverktøy og teste ut konseptet i noen pilotområder. Det bør i denne sammenheng også vurderes hvor ressurs- og kompetansekrevende det vil være for forvaltningen å lage slike framskrivninger. Prosjektleder/Hovedforfatter Solrun Figenschau Skjellum

Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) in Poland was identified in 2018 during monitoring of zucchini crops in Wielkopolskie and Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeships. Symptoms were observed on the harvested plants in the form of distorted leaves with severe chlorosis and necrosis, while the fruits were stunted and discolored. Biological, serological (DAS- and TAS-ELISA) and molecular (RT-PCR) tests were performed for the collected zucchini plant and fruit samples to identify virus species that could be the cause of the observed disease symptoms. In addition, next-generation total RNA sequencing was performed for 4 samples by an external company. Using the above methods, known viruses infecting zucchini were identified, i.e. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and CABYV, which is new to Poland. What's more, mixed infections were present in the overwhelming number of samples. In 2019, during monitoring of zucchini crops in the same locations also found CABYV in infected plants and zucchini fruits. PL; pl; PDF; kwarantanna@iorpib.poznan.pl

An increase in the incidence of Neonectria neomacrospora has been observed in northern and western European countries since 2008. The pathogen causes dieback of trees, mainly of the Abies (fir) genus. The biology and epidemiology of the fungus are largely unknown. It is believed that the disease spreads by means of ascospores moving with the wind, and conidial spores splashed by raindrops. Transmission of the pathogen via infected seeds is suspected. In Poland, N. neomacrospora poses a real threat to forest crops (fir forests), farms producing nursery stock, Christmas tree plantations and trees planted in parks and gardens. PL; pl; PDF; kwarantanna@iorpib.poznan.pl

Maritime transport knows no boundaries and accounts for about 80% of the traded volume of goods globally (UNCTAD, 2017). A complex web comprising producers, shippers, carriers, forwarders, authorities and terminal operators form international conveyor belts. However, contrary to this mesh of physical connections, the exchange of information is still often bound to siloed bilateral. Digitalization will play a significant role in transforming maritime voyages in many ways; such as IMO’s e- navigation initiative aimed at improving the safety of voyages (IMO, 2014). However, a shift towards interconnected systems through a platform take a fundamental change in industry practice. For example, allowing information to be pulled from service developers means that some control of development is relinquished in favor for a greater market of services and customers. In a platform based industry, more focus will be placed on a more fine grained control of information flow and modernizing the mitigation of cyber-attacks. To power the changes, new business models are necessary, which has to reflect the interdependencies between different stakeholders. Multiple dimensions and perspectives need to be accounted for to help pave the way for more efficient, safe and environmentally friendly transportation. Sjötrafiken känner inga gränser och står för cirka 80 % av den omsatta volymen globalt (UNCTAD, 2017). En komplex webb som består av producenter, avlastare, transportörer, speditörer, myndigheter och terminaloperatörer utgör internationella transportband. I motsats till detta nät av fysiska förbindelser är emellertid informationsutbytet fortfarande ofta tvunget att sila bilateralt. Digitalisering kommer att spela en viktig roll för att omforma sjöfart på många sätt. som IMO: s e-navigeringsinitiativ som syftar till att förbättra säkerheten för resor (IMO, 2014). En övergång till sammankopplade system via en plattform tar dock en grundläggande förändring i branschpraxis. Till exempel innebär att information som kan dras från tjänsteutvecklare innebär att viss kontroll över utvecklingen lämnas till förmån för en större marknad för tjänster och kunder. I en plattformsbaserad industri kommer mer fokus att läggas på en mer fingrann kontroll av informationsflödet och modernisering av minskningen av cyberattacker. För att driva förändringarna är nya affärsmodeller nödvändiga, vilket måste återspegla de ömsesidiga beroenden mellan olika intressenter. Flera dimensioner och perspektiv måste redovisas för att hjälpa till att bana väg för effektivare, säker och miljövänlig transport. Robusta register

Climate change effects on agricultural yields will be uneven over the world with a few countries, mostly in high latitudes, that may experience gains, while most will see average yield decrease. This paper aims at quantifying the role of international trade in attenuating the effects of climate change by allowing the expression of the new climate-induced pattern of comparative advantages. To do this, we develop a new quantitative general equilibrium trade model where the representation of acreage and land use choices is inspired from modern Ricardian trade models but also consistent with theoretical and empirical literature on land use choices. The model is calibrated on spatially explicit information about potential yields before and after climate change coming from the agronomic literature. The results show that, because demand for food is quite inelastic, the climate-induced yield changes generate large price movements that incentivize adjustments in acreage and trade. The new trade pattern is very different from the current one showing the important role of trade flows in adapting to climate change. This is confirmed by large increased welfare losses from climate change when adjustments in trade flows are constrained. Keywords: agriculture, climate change, international trade, land use. JEL classification: D58, F18, Q17, Q54, R14.

El 9 de octubre del 2019 se produjo una fuerte lluvia con caída de granizo que causó daños a cultivos de invierno en diversas áreas de la zona de influencia del CRBAN. En un intento por evaluar el impacto de la tormenta de granizo se trabajó con imágenes satelitales de los satélites Sentinel 2 y Resourcesat 2. La metodología se basó en la comparación del índice verde de los cultivos de invierno antes y después de la caída de granizo. La superficie afectada en el partido de Pergamino fue de un 26,8 % del total implantado con CI. Se estima que 2,2 % de ese valor sufrió un daño severo. La posibilidad de trabajar con diferentes satélites permitió comparar imágenes en un periodo de alta nubosidad. Los resultados indican que los datos de teledetección podrían usarse para detectar el daño de la biomasa por granizo para casos moderados a severos. EEA Pergamino Fil: Portillo, Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Sección Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG); Argentina Fil: Ferreyra, Adriana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Sección Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG); Argentina