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Numerous studies have been dealing with the polyphenolic composition of grapes and wine, mostly due to the influence of individual polyphenols on the sensory properties of wine and their beneficial effect on human health. Due to climate change, which is becoming more frequent, we are increasingly facing the problem of phenolic ripeness of grapes. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the influence of inactive yeasts on the ripening of Plavina grapes and phenolic maturity. At the beginning of the veraison, a part of the grapes was treated with inactive yeasts (Lalvigne mature), and as a control variant, Plavina grapes were used, which were not treated. Basic physicochemical analysis and analysis of aromatic and polyphenolic composition were performed in grape samples. A significant difference was observed in the concentrations of petunidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside as well as kemferol-3-O-rutinoside and procyanidin B1 in the treated grapes while the total acidity was more pronounced in the control treatment. In the aromatic profile, treated grapes had higher content of monoterpenes, while sesquiterpenes were more present in the control treatment. Given the production characteristics of the Plavina variety such as thin skin, susceptibility to disease, compact grapes and large berries with less possibility of dry matter accumulation, which most often produce lighter, weaker colored wines, less rich in polyphenols, the applied technology indicates the possibility of improvement qualitative properties of the Plavina variety and thus of the wine. Polifenolni sastav grožđa i vina predmet je brojnih istraživanja, ponajviše zbog utjecaja pojedinačnih polifenola na senzorna svojstva vina te njihovog blagotvornog učinka na ljudsko zdravlje. Zbog klimatskih promjena koje postaju učestalije sve više se susrećemo s problemom fenolne zrelosti grožđa. Stoga je cilj istraživanje bio utvrditi utjecaj inaktivnih kvasaca na dozrijevanje grožđa Plavine te postizanje optimalne fenolne zrelosti. Na početku fenofaze šare dio grožđa tretiran je inaktivnim kvascima (Lalvigne mature), a kao kontrolna varijanta poslužilo je grožđe sorte Plavina na kojoj nije proveden tretman. U uzorcima grožđa provedena je osnovna fizikalno-kemijska analiza te analiza aromatskog i polifenolonog sastava. Značajna razlika uočena je u koncentracijama petunidin-3-O-glukozida i peonidin-3-O-glukozida kao i kemferol-3-O-rutinozida te procijanidina B1 kod tretiranog grožđa dok je ukupna kiselost bila izraženija u kontrolnom tretmanu. U aromatskom profilu tretirano grožđe izdvojilo se većim sadržajem monoterpena dok su seskviterpeni bili zastupljeniji u kontrolnom tretmanu. S obzirom na proizvodna svojstva sorte Plavina kao što su tanka kožica, osjetljivost na bolesti, zbijen grozd i velike bobice s manjom mogućnosti nakupljanja suhe tvari, od kojih se najčešće proizvedu laganija, slabija obojena vina, manje bogata polifenolima, primijenjena tehnologija ukazuje na mogućnost unaprjeđenja kvalitativnih svojstava sorte Plavina a time i vina. Plavina, grožđe, polifenoli, inaktivni kvasci

The aim of the research was to determine the influence of barrique barrels of different ages on the quality of sensory characteristics of Babić, Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The research was conducted at the Galić d.o.o. winery from Kutjevo. The grapes used for wine production originate from Jadrtovac, a location in the surroundings of Šibenik. The organoleptic analysis of the wine was carried out using the descriptive and 100-point methods. The results of the 100 points method were processed statistically. Prior to the actual descriptive evaluation of the samples, in addition to the pre-set general descriptors, specific descriptors for each varietal wine were determined by tasting the samples. The evaluation was carried out by a panel of evaluators trained as part of the "Uncorking rural inheritance" project. Significant differences regarding the quality of aroma and the overall evaluation of the Babić wine variety were found, with the wine from the new barrique barrel achieving a better result. A statistically significant difference was found in the taste quality of Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The taste quality of the Plavac mali wine from a new barrel was rated as better, while the quality of the Tribidrag wine variety was better when treated from a previously used barrel. Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi utjecaj barrique bačava različite starosti na kakvoću senzornih karakteristika vina Babić, Plavac mali i Tribidrag. Istraživanje je provedeno u vinariji Galić d.o.o. iz Kutjeva. Grožđa od kojeg je proizvedeno vino potječe iz okolice Šibenika s položaja Jadrtovac. Organoleptička analiza vina provedena je deskriptivnom i metodom 100 bodova. Rezultati metode 100 bodova obrađeni su statistički. Prije same deskriptivne evaluacije uzoraka uz unaprijed postavljene opće deskriptore degustacijom samih uzoraka određeni su specifični deskriptori za svako pojedino sortno vino. Ocjenjivanje je proveo panel ocjenjivača educiran u sklopu projekta „Uncorking rural herirage“. Utvrđene su opravdane razlike u svojstvu mirisa i ukupne ocjene vina sorte Babić pri čemu je bolji rezultat postiglo vino iz nove barrique bačve. Utvrđena je statistički opravdana razlika kod svojstva kakvoće okusa vina sorta Plavac mali i Tribidrag. Bolje je ocjenjena kakvoća okusa vina Plavac mali iz nove bačve dok je kod vina sorte Tribidrag bolja kakvoća kod tretmana iz već korištene bačve.

Plants’ secondary metabolites have an important role in the plant’s response to abiotic and biotic stress. Some of the bioactive components have pronounced insecticidal properties, so they are called insecticidal plants such as Dalmatian (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) and Caucasian pyrethrum (Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson) (active components - pyrethrins), tobacco (nicotine), neem (azadirachtin), etc. Botanical insecticides are generally having shorter persistence. Based on their chemical structures, more stable synthetic insecticides have been developed – pyrethroids and neonicotinoids. With the restrictions in use of chemical insecticides, botanical insecticides are gaining an increasingly significant role in conventional plant protection, not only ecological. Natural pyrethrins are especially important. Due to their quick decomposition, they have a short withdrawal period, which is often a shortcoming, but it is also suitable for protecting plants before harvesting, which is especially suitable for spotted wing drosophila’s control. Sekundarni metaboliti biljaka imaju važnu ulogu u reakciji biljaka na abiotički i biotički stres. Neke od bioaktivnih komponenti imaju izražena insekticidna svojstva, pa onda govorimo o insekticidnim biljkama poput dalmatinskog (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) i kavkaškog buhača (Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson) (aktivne komponente - piretrini), duhana (nikotin), neema (azadirahtin) i dr. Botanički insekticidi su uglavnom kraće perzistentnosti, pa su na osnovi njihove kemijske strukture razvijeni stabilniji sintetski insekticidi – piretroidi i neonikotinoidi, S ograničavanjem primjene kemijskih insekticida, botanički insekticidi dobivaju sve značajniju ulogu i u konvencionalnoj zaštiti bilja, ne samo ekološkoj. Posebno su značajni prirodni piretrini. Zbog brze razgradnje imaju kratku karencu što je često nedostatak, ali je i prikladno za zaštitu bilja prije same berbe, što je posebno prikladno kod suzbijanja octene mušice ploda.

Prosušivanje grožđa jedan je od ključnih postupaka u proizvodnji prošeka, desertnog vina s dugom tradicijom proizvodnje u Hrvatskoj. Tradicionalne sorte koje su se koristile u proizvodnji prošeka su autohtone sorte Dalmacije. Jedna od sorata koja se zbog svoje rasprostranjenosti i karakteristika može koristiti u proizvodnji prošeka je autohtona sorta 'Plavina'. Tradicionalna proizvodnja prošeka uključuje prosušivanje grožđa na zraku, međutim razvojem tehnologije otvorile su se i mogućnosti sušenja u kontroliranim uvjetima. Stoga je cilj rada bio utvrditi promjene kakvoće grožđa sorte 'Plavina crna' u kontroliranim uvjetima sušenja. Rezultati su pokazali kako je sušenjem došlo do koncentriranja sadržaja bobice te se povećao sadržaj šećera i organskih kiselina. Prosušivanjem se smanjio sadržaj polifenolnih i hlapljivih spojeva. Kako bi se utvrdio točan utjecaj na konačni proizvod, potrebna su daljnja istraživanja Grape drying is one of the key processes in prošek production, a sweet wine with long production history in Croatia. Traditional grape varieties use din prošek produsction are Dalmatian native varieties. One of the varieties that can be used due to its characteristics and cultivation area is 'Plavina'. Traditional prošek production includes sun-drying. However, with technology development the drying in contolled conditions was enabled. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the changes in the grape quality of 'Plavina' during the drying in controlled conditions. Results showed that during the drying process the berry content was concentrated due to which sugar content and total acidity increased. On the other hand, the polyphenolic and volatile compounds decresed. To determine specific influences on final product, further research is necessary.

Self-propelled forage harvesters are increasingly used for chopping various silage crops. The general trend is to make the forage harvesters more powerful and increase their efficiency. The example of the John Deere 8500i shows some solutions for smart farming. The built-in NIR sensor allows the determination of dry matter and other analyzes in the feed. Based on the dry matter in the feed, the chip length is automatically adjusted. We can monitor and analyze the operating parameters of the forage harvester and chopped fodder directly in the forage harvester or remotely. A complete analysis of the work is obtained on the computer. Samohodni silažni kombajni sve više se upotrebljavaju kod sjeckanja različitih usjeva za silažu. Opći trend je izrada silažnih kombajna jače snage motora uz povećanje učinkovitosti. Na primjeru John Deere 8500i prikazana su neka rješenja za preciznu poljoprivredu. Ugrađeni NIR analizator omogućuje određivanje suhe tvari i druge analize u krmi. Na osnovi suhe tvari u krmi automatski se nastavlja duljina sječke. Izravno u kombajnu ili na daljinu mogu se pratiti radni parametri kombajna i sjeckane krme. Na računalu se dobije potpuna analiza rada.

Although classical production of white wines involves the fermentation of must, recently there has been a trend in the production of white wines with maceration processor fermentation of pomace. The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of long maceration of pomace on the quality of Graševina wine. The research was conducted in 2021 in the vineyards and wine cellar of the Polytechnic of Požega in the Kutjevo wine-growing hill. After harvesting, a control treatment was white wine produced by the classic production process, and a long maceration process was carried out on other two treatments over a period of 3 months, in two treatments - one with sulfites during primary processing and the other without sulfiting. The following basic parameters were determined in wines: alcoholic strength, reducing sugars, total acidity, malic, lactic acid, volatile acidity, pH, absorbance at 280 nm, total phenols and antioxidant activity by DPPH method. There was a statistically significant difference in the total phenols content, as well as antioxidant activity, with the highest values in the macerated sample containing SO2. Organoleptic evaluation of samples was performed by trained evaluators, using the 100-point method. The highest average score of 87 points was given to wine produced by long maceration with regular sulfiting during primary processing. Control treatment was rated lower by 72 points. Wine produced by long maceration without the use of sulfiting in the primary processing was evaluated with an average score of 66 points with a few remarks about the oxidation pronounced in the wine aroma. Iako klasična proizvodnja bijelih vina podrazumijeva fermentaciju mošta, suvremeni trendovi podrazumijevaju proizvodnju bijelih vina uz maceraciju, odnosno fermentaciju masulja. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj duge maceracije grožđa na kakvoću vina 'Graševina'. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2021. godine u vinogradima i vinskom podrumu Veleučilišta u Požegi u vinogorju Kutjevo. Nakon berbe, kontrolni uzorak vina proizveden je klasičnim postupkom proizvodnje bijelih vina, te su provedena dva tretmana duge maceracije u periodu od 3 mjeseca - jedan uz sulfitiranje tijekom primarne prerade a drugi bez sulfita. U vinima su analizirani osnovni parametri kakvoće, koncentracija jabučne i mliječne kiseline, optička gustoća pri 280 nm, ukupni fenoli i antioksidativna aktivnost DPPH metodom. Statistički značajna razlika zabilježena je kod ukupnih fenola, kao i antioksidativnoj aktivnosti, s najvećim vrijednostima u maceriranom uzorku uz primjenu SO2. Organoleptičko ocjenjivanje uzoraka proveli su certificirani ocjenjivači, metodom 100 bodova. Najveću prosječnu ocjenu od 87 bodova dobilo je vino proizvedeno dugom mareracijom grožđa uz redovito sulfitiranje. Kontrolni tretman slabije je ocijenjen, sa 72 boda. Vino proizvedeno dugom maceracijom bez korištenja sulfita ocjenjeno je sa 66 boda uz napomenu pojedinih ocjenjivača o izraženoj oksidaciji.

Vinova loza je jedna od najvažnijih kultiviranih biljnih vrsta u Hrvatskoj. Vrsta je izrazito osjetljiva na napad velikog broja patogena, od kojih je i kod nas i u svijetu jedan od najvažnijih i najopasnijih Diaporthe neoviticola, odnosno fitopatogena gljiva poznatija pod nekadašnjim nazivom Phomopsis viticola. U našoj fitopatološkoj literaturi najčešći naziv bolesti koju ova vrsta uzrokuje na vinovoj lozi je crna pjegavost ili crna pjegavost rozgve, a u starijoj literaturi spominje se i pod nazivom eskorioza. S obzirom na gljivu uzročnika primjereniji naziv bolesti bio bi fomopsioza vinove loze. Karakteristični simptomi bolesti pojavljuju se u vidu tamnih lezija na primarnim internodijima mladica, koje se kasnije primijete i na rozgvi tijekom zime u vidu malih rak ranica. Kao popratni simptom bolesti može se javiti i izbjeljivanje rozgve, međutim to nije tipični simptom samo ove bolesti, već i raznih drugih bolesti. Bolest se suzbija fungicidima na bazi bakra (bakarni oksid, bakarni oksiklorid i dr.), fosetila, folpeta, mankozeba, metirama i dr. The grapevine is one of the most important cultivated plant species in Croatia. The species is extremely sensitive to the attack of of large number of pathogens. Diaporthe neoviticola is the phytopathogenic fungus known under the former name Phomopsis viticola. This phytopathogenic fungus is one of the most important and most dangerous pathogen on grapevine in our country and in the world. Characteristic symptoms of the disease appear in the form of dark lesions on the primary internodes, which are during the winter in the form of small cancer wounds. Bleaching can also occur as an accompanying symptom of the disease, but it is not only a typical symptom of this disease. Control is performed with fungicides based on copper (copper oxide, copper oxychloride, etc.), aluminium fosetyl, folpet, mancozeb, metiram etc.

The American grapevine leafhopper (Scaphoideus titanus Ball, 1932) is one of the most important vectors of the grapevine disease Flavescence dorée. The importance of this problem is indicated by the fact of a large number of legal regulations to put both vectors and diseases under control. Farmers are obliged to implement measures that are legally enacted to prevent the epidemic spread of the disease. The first stages of the vector larvae are very small, and it is difficult to detect them early and determine a deadline for insecticide application. In order to react in a timely manner, it is necessary to monitor the appearance of pests, because their development depends mostly on weather conditions. In order to control the American grapevine leafhopper chemical protection is generally applied. It is very important to avoid other host plants in the vineyard. It is also necessary to include more training in the vineyards for farmers and introduce them to the biology of vectors. Američki cvrčak (Scaphoideus titanus Ball, 1932) jedan je od najznačajnijih vektora zlatne žutice vinove loze. Zakonskim regulativama pokušava se vektora staviti pod nadzor, a poljoprivredni proizvođači dužni su provoditi mjere kako bi spriječili epidemijsko širenje bolesti. Prvi stadiji ličinke jako su sitni što proizvođačima otežava njihovo rano otkrivanje i određivanje roka za zaštitu od ovog štetnika. Kako bi pravovremeno primijenili zaštitu potrebno je pratiti pojavu štetnika jer njegov razvoj najviše ovisi o vremenskim uvjetima. Za suzbijanje američkog cvrčka uglavnom se primjenjuje kemijska zaštita. Jako je bitno paziti i na ostali biljni sastav u vinogradu te izbjeći druge biljke domaćine koje mogu poslužiti štetniku za održavanje. Preporuka je i provođenje edukacija u polju za vinogradare o biologiji ovog štetnika.

Seven years ago (in 2016), compulsory testing of machines for pesticide application was introduced in the Republic of Croatia. Testing of the technical correctness of machines is carried out every 3 years in authorized testing stations. According to the data so far, the technical condition of machines in the Republic of Croatia seven years ago was unsatisfactory. However, in 2022, it was determined that during the testing, over 88% of the machines were technical in order, regardless of the fact that the average age of the machines is over 21 years. In the paper, data on the number of mist-blowers, average age, manufacturer, type of machine and the most common malfunctions is obtained through the Phytosanitary Information System and the analysis of test results. Prije sedam godina (2016. godine) u Republici Hrvatskoj uvedeno je obavezno testiranje uređaja i strojeva za aplikaciju pesticida. Ispitivanje tehničke ispravnosti uređaja i strojeva provodi se svake 3 godine u ovlaštenim ispitnim stanicama. Prema dosadašnjim podacima stanje tehničke ispravnosti uređaja i strojeva u RH prije sedam godina bilo je nezadovoljavajuće (loše). Međutim 2022. godine utvrđeno je da je prilikom testiranja bilo preko 88% ispravnih strojeva, bez obzira što je prosječna starost strojeva preko 21 godinu. U radu su putem Fitosanitarnog informacijskog sustava i analizom rezultata testiranja prikazani podaci o broju orošivača, prosječnoj starosti, proizvođaču, tipu stroja i najčešćim kvarovima.

After the Croatian independence and re-adoption of the free trade principles, in political debates agriculture got the role of one of the basic pillar in economic development. There is intention to protect domestic agriculture against much more developed western European agriculture and to support its competitiveness, respecting at the same time the requirements of the international trade agreements asking for decreasing domestic protection. The reform of agricultural price policy started in 1988, due to the trade policy reform within the requirements imposed by the membership in the World Trade Organization. Recent changes from 2003 tend to simplify the system of agricultural support and to equalize the level of incentives. Together with existing production subsidies, new models of income support, capital investments and rural development are introduced. The reform predicts harmonization of domestic agricultural policy measures with those conducted or should be conducted in the EU. It means the shift from the old way of supporting European agricultural markets, toward incentives for European farmer, in the way that in total support prevails income, and not production support. Osamostaljivanjem Hrvatske i ponovnim prihvaćanjem načela slobodne trgovine, poljoprivreda je u političkim raspravama dobila ulogu jednog od temeljnih oslonaca razvitka domaćeg gospodarstva. Domaću poljoprivredu nastoji se zaštititi od znatno razvijenije zapadnoeuropske i potaknuti njenu konkurentnost, ali uz istodobno zadovoljavanje uvjeta postavljenih međunarodnim trgovinskim sporazumima koji nalažu smanjenje domaće zaštite. Cjenovna reforma u agrarnoj politici započela je 1988. godine, u skladu s reformom trgovinske politike u okviru zahtjeva koje postavlja članstvo u u Svjetskoj trgovinskoj organizaciji. Novijim promjenama iz 2003. godine nastoji se pojednostaviti sustav potpore poljoprivredi i ujednačiti visina poticaja. Uz postojeće poticaje proizvodnji, uvode se modeli potpore dohotku, kapitalnih ulaganja i ruralnog razvitka. Reformom je predviđeno usklađivanje mjera poljoprivredne politike s politikom koja se provodi i koja će se provoditi u EU, a to znači zaokret od starog načina poticanja europskog poljoprivrednog tržišta, a prema potporama europskom poljoprivredniku i to tako da u ukupnoj potpori prevladava dohodovna, a ne proizvodna potpora.