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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pereira, F.L.; Gash, J.H.C.; David, J.S.; David, T.S.; +2 Authors

    In a previous study, it was shown that an isolated, fully saturated tree-crown behaves like a wet bulb, allowing evaporation of intercepted rainfall to be estimated by a simple diffusion equation for water vapour. This observation was taken as the basis for a new approach in modelling interception loss from savanna-type woodland, whereby the ecosystem evaporation is derived by scaling up the evaporation from individual trees, rather than by considering a homogeneous forest cover. Interception loss from isolated trees was estimated by combining the aforementioned equation for water vapour flux with Gash's analytical model. A new methodology, which avoids the subjectivity inherent in the Leyton method, was used for estimating the crown storage capacity. Modelling performance was evaluated against data from two Mediterranean savanna-type oak woodlands (montados) in southern Portugal. Interception loss estimates were in good agreement with observations in both sites. The proposed modelling approach is physically based, requires only a limited amount of data and should be suitable for the modelling of interception loss in isolated trees and savanna-type ecosystems. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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    Article . 2013
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    Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ripple, WJ; Abernethy, K; Betts, MG; Chapron, G; +11 Authors

    � 2016 The Authors. Terrestrial mammals are experiencing a massive collapse in their population sizes and geographical ranges around the world, but many of the drivers, patterns and consequences of this decline remain poorly understood. Here we provide an analysis showing that bushmeat hunting for mostly food and medicinal products is driving a global crisis whereby 301 terrestrial mammal species are threatened with extinction. Nearly all of these threatened species occur in developing countries where major coexisting threats include deforestation, agricultural expansion, human encroachment and competition with livestock. The unrelenting decline of mammals suggests many vital ecological and socio-economic services that these species provide will be lost, potentially changing ecosystems irrevocably. We discuss options and current obstacles to achieving effective conservation, alongside consequences of failure to stem such anthropogenic mammalian extirpation. We propose a multipronged conservation strategy to help save threatened mammals from immediate extinction and avoid a collapse of food security for hundreds of millions of people.

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    Royal Society Open Science
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    Article . 2016
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ University of East A...arrow_drop_down
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      Article . 2016
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: L. T. Ellis; C. Ah-Peng; G. Aslan; V. A. Bakalin; +78 Authors

    Pseudoamblystegium subtile (Hedw.) Vanderp. & Hedenäs. CONTRIBUTORS: R. Gabriel, M. Kubová, C. Sérgio and I. Soares Albergaria. PORTUGAL, AZORES: Terceira Island, Angra do Heroísmo, municipal garden ‘Jardim Duque da Terceira’, 38° 39′ 24.0′′N, 27°13′ 05.99′′W, 31 m a.s.l, on the base of a shrub, in acidic conditions, 7 April 2017, leg. Michaela Kubová s.n. (AZU). A new understanding of the pleurocarpous moss species Pseudoamblystegium subtile was proposed by Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs (2009). The new genus is separated from the other Amblystegiaceae primarily due to its phylogenetic consistency and is characterised by the possession of leaves with a very short nerve, and erect capsules (Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs 2009). (excerpt) info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Soares, Fábio; da Rocha, Patrício Adriano; Ferrari, Stephen; Acioli, Thiago; +1 Authors

    <p style="text-align: justify;">A floresta estacional de Caatinga do nordeste do Brasil apresenta dossel contínuo de 15-25 m de altura, com um sub-bosque bem desenvolvido e abundância de cactos, lianas e epífitas. O presente estudo fornece um inventário das espécies de morcegos capturados no município de Caetité, no sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil. No total, foram capturados 68 indivíduos de morcegos, pertencentes a nove espécies e três famílias. A riqueza de espécies estimada para a área através do estimador Jackknife 1, foi 9.9. Os morcegos filostomidaeos foram os mais abundantes, e a espécie <em>Carollia perspicillata</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) foi a dominante. Nossos resultados são consistentes com estudos anteriores realizados na Bahia e no bioma Caatinga, fornecendo dados sobre a estrutura local da comunidade de morcegos. Além disso, destaca a importância de inventários rápidos para compreender a diversidade e distribuição da fauna de morcegos.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Assembléia de morcegos, Caatinga, Caetité, inventário rápido.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract</strong>: The seasonal deciduous Caatinga scrub forest of northern Brazil has a continuous canopy of 15–25 m in height, with a well-developed understory, and abundant cacti, lianas, and epiphytes. The present study provides an inventory of the bat species recorded in the municipality of Caetité, in southwestern Bahia, Brazil. Sixty-eight individuals were captured, belonging to nine species and three families. The Jackknife 1 procedure estimated a species richness of 9.9. The phyllostomid bats were the most abundant, and <em>Carollia perspicillata</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) was captured most frequently. Our results are consistent with previous studies conducted in Bahia and the Caatinga, providing data on the local bat community structure. It also highlights the importance of rapid inventories for the understanding of the diversity and distribution of the bat fauna.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Key words</strong>: Bat assemblage, Caatinga, Caetité, rapid inventories.</p>

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Raul Morais; Jorge Mendes; Renato Silva; Nuno V. da Silva; +2 Authors

    Spatial and temporal variability characterization in Precision Agriculture (PA) practices is often accomplished by proximity data gathering devices, which acquire data from a wide variety of sensors installed within the vicinity of crops. Proximity data acquisition usually depends on a hardware solution to which some sensors can be coupled, managed by a software that may (or may not) store, process and send acquired data to a back-end using some communication protocol. The sheer number of both proprietary and open hardware solutions, together with the diversity and characteristics of available sensors, is enough to deem the task of designing a data acquisition device complex. Factoring in the harsh operational context, the multiple DIY solutions presented by an active online community, available in-field power approaches and the different communication protocols, each proximity monitoring solution can be regarded as singular. Data acquisition devices should be increasingly flexible, not only by supporting a large number of heterogeneous sensors, but also by being able to resort to different communication protocols, depending on both the operational and functional contexts in which they are deployed. Furthermore, these small and unattended devices need to be sufficiently robust and cost-effective to allow greater in-field measurement granularity 365 days/year. This paper presents a low-cost, flexible and robust data acquisition device that can be deployed in different operational contexts, as it also supports three different communication technologies: IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee, LoRa/LoRaWAN and GRPS. Software and hardware features, suitable for using heat pulse methods to measure sap flow, leaf wetness sensors and others are embedded. Its power consumption is of only 83 μA during sleep mode and the cost of the basic unit was kept below the EUR 100 limit. In-field continuous evaluation over the past three years prove that the proposed solution—SPWAS’21—is not only reliable but also represents a robust and low-cost data acquisition device capable of gathering different parameters of interest in PA practices.

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    Agriculture
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    Agriculture
    Article . 2021
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      Agriculture
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      Agriculture
      Article . 2021
      Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
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    Authors: Allan Gustavo Brigola; Bruna Moretti Luchesi; Tiago da Silva Alexandre; Keika Inouye; +2 Authors

    Abstract Introduction: Older caregivers living in rural areas may be exposed to three vulnerable conditions, i.e., those related to care, their own aging, and their residence context. Objective: To analyze the association of burden and frailty with cognition performance in older caregivers in rural communities. Method: In this cross-sectional survey, 85 older caregivers who cared for dependent elders were included in this study. Global cognition (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination – Revised; Mini Mental State Examination), burden (Zarit Burden Interview) and frailty (Fried's frailty phenotype) were assessed. All ethical principles were observed. Results: Older caregivers were mostly women (76.7%); mean age was 69 years. Cognitive impairment was present in 15.3%, severe burden in 8.2%, frailty in 9.4%, and pre-frailty in 52.9% of the older caregivers. More severely burdened or frail caregivers had worse cognitive performance than those who were not, respectively (ANOVA test). Caregivers presenting a high burden level and some frailty degree (pre-frail or frail) simultaneously were more likely to have a reduced global cognition performance. Conclusion: A significant number of older caregivers had low cognitive performance. Actions and resources to decrease burden and physical frailty may provide better cognition and well-being, leading to an improved quality of life and quality of the care provided by the caregivers. Resumo Introdução: Idosos cuidadores que moram em comunidades rurais podem estar expostos a uma tripla condição de vulnerabilidade, por exemplo, condições relacionadas a ser cuidador de outro, condições inerentes ao seu próprio envelhecimento e ao seu contexto de moradia. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre sobrecarga, fragilidade e desempenho cognitivo em idosos cuidadores que moram em comunidades rurais. Método: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa transversal com 85 idosos cuidadores que cuidavam de idosos dependentes na comunidade. A cognição global (Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke – Revisado; Mini Exame do Estado Mental), a sobrecarga (Entrevista de Sobrecarga de Zarit) e a fragilidade (Fenótipo de Fragilidade de Fried) foram mensuradas. Todos os princípios éticos foram respeitados. Resultados: Os idosos cuidadores foram predominantemente mulheres (76.7%) com média de idade de 69 anos. A proporção de indício de alteração cognitiva foi de 15.3%, sobrecarga severa de 8.2%, fragilidade de 9.4% e pré-fragilidade de 52.9% nos idosos cuidadores. Cuidadores severamente sobrecarregados ou frágeis apresentaram pior desempenho cognitivo comparado àqueles levemente sobrecarregados e não frágeis, respectivamente (teste ANOVA). Apresentar simultaneamente sobrecarga elevada e algum grau de fragilidade (pré-frágil ou frágil) esteve associado à redução do desempenho cognitivo global. Conclusão: Um significante número de idosos cuidadores teve indício de alteração cognitiva. Estratégias e recursos para reduzir o sentimento de sobrecarga e a fragilidade física podem melhorar o desempenho mental e o bem estar, levando assim a uma melhora da qualidade de vida do idoso que cuida, bem como a qualidade do cuidado prestado por ele.

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    Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2017
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    Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
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      Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Sophie Saget; Marcela Porto Costa; Eleonora Barilli; Marta W. Vasconcelos; +3 Authors

    The modern food system is characterised by 1) unsustainable agricultural practices, heavily dependent on agrochemical inputs and leaking large amounts of reactive nitrogen (N) whilst degrading soils, and 2) the consumption of energy-rich but nutrient-poor foods, contributing to non-communicable diseases related to malnutrition. Substituting cereals with low-input, protein- and fibre-rich legumes in the production of mainstream foods offers a promising solution to both issues. Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) is a legumi- nous crop that can be grown with little or no synthetic N fertiliser. We performed life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare the environmental footprint of pasta made from chickpeas with conventional pasta made from durum wheat ( Triticum durum ) from cradle to fork. Two functional units were used, an 80g serving of pasta, and a Nutrient Density Unit (NDU). Environmental burdens per serving were smaller for chickpea pasta across at least 10 of the 16 impact categories evaluated. Global warming, resource use minerals and metals, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, and terrestrial eutrophication burdens were smaller than those of durum wheat pasta by up to 45%, 55%, 50%, 86%, and 76%, respec- tively. Cooked chickpea pasta contains 1.5 more protein, 3.2 times more fibre and 8 times more essential fatty acids than cooked durum wheat pasta per kcal energy content. Thus, the environmental advantage of chickpea pasta extended to 15 of the 16 impact categories when footprints were compared per unit of nutrition. Global warming, resource use and eutrophication burdens per NDU were 79–95% smaller for chickpea pasta than for durum wheat pasta. The one major trade-off was land use, where chickpea pasta had a burden 200% higher per serving, or 17% higher per NDU, than wheat pasta. We conclude that there is high potential to simultaneously improve the environmental sustainability and nutritional quality of food chains through simple substitution of cereals with legumes in staple foods such as pasta. Breeding and agronomic management improvements for legumes could reduce the yield gap with cereals, miti- gating the land use penalty. Meanwhile, the higher protein content of chickpea pasta could contribute towards wider environmental benefits via animal protein substitution in diets, and merits further investi- gation. Consumers who look for the traditional taste and texture of wheat pasta can achieve these aspects by cooking the chickpea pasta al dente and combining it with a typical pasta sauce, which will hide its subtle nutty taste.

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    ZENODO; Sustainable Production and Consumption
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Authors: Luiz E. O. C. Aragão; Yadvinder Malhi; Daniel B. Metcalfe; Javier E. Silva-Espejo; +22 Authors

    The net primary productivity (NPP) of tropical forests is one of the most important and least quantified components of the global carbon cycle. Most relevant studies have focused particularly on the quantification of the above-ground coarse wood productivity, and little is known about the carbon fluxes involved in other elements of the NPP, the partitioning of total NPP between its above- and below-ground components and the main environmental drivers of these patterns. In this study we quantify the above- and below-ground NPP of ten Amazonian forests to address two questions: (1) How do Amazonian forests allocate productivity among its above- and below-ground components? (2) How do soil and leaf nutrient status and soil texture affect the productivity of Amazonian forests? Using a standardized methodology to measure the major elements of productivity, we show that NPP varies between 9.3&plusmn;1.3 Mg C ha<sup>&minus;1</sup> yr<sup>&minus;1</sup> (mean&plusmn;standard error), at a white sand plot, and 17.0&plusmn;1.4 Mg C ha<sup>&minus;1</sup> yr<sup>&minus;1</sup> at a very fertile <i>Terra Preta</i> site, with an overall average of 12.8&plusmn;0.9 Mg C ha<sup>&minus;1</sup> yr<sup>&minus;1</sup>. The studied forests allocate on average 64&plusmn;3% and 36&plusmn;3% of the total NPP to the above- and below-ground components, respectively. The ratio of above-ground and below-ground NPP is almost invariant with total NPP. Litterfall and fine root production both increase with total NPP, while stem production shows no overall trend. Total NPP tends to increase with soil phosphorus and leaf nitrogen status. However, allocation of NPP to below-ground shows no relationship to soil fertility, but appears to decrease with the increase of soil clay content.

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2009
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    Biogeosciences
    Article . 2009
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    Biogeosciences
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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      Biogeosciences (BG)
      Other literature type . 2018
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      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2018
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    Authors: Riccardo Autorino; Jeffrey A. Cadeddu; Mihir M. Desai; Matthew T. Gettman; +7 Authors

    Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) have been developed to benefit patients by enabling surgeons to perform scarless surgery. Context Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) have been developed to benefit patients by enabling surgeons to perform scarless surgery. Objective To summarize and critically analyze the available evidence on the current status and future perspectives of LESS and NOTES in urology. Evidence acquisition A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted in June 2010 using the Medline database to identify all publications relating to NOTES and LESS in urology. Evidence synthesis In urology, NOTES has been completed experimentally via transgastric, transvaginal, transcolonic, and transvesical routes. Initial clinical experience has shown that NOTES urologic surgery using currently available instruments is indeed possible. Nevertheless, because of the immaturity of the instrumentation, early cases have demanded high technical virtuosity. LESS can safely and effectively be performed in a variety of urologic settings. As clinical experience increases, expanding indications are expected to be documented and the efficacy of the procedure to improve. So far, the quality of evidence of all available studies remains low, mostly being small case series or case-control studies from selected centers. Thus, the only objective benefit of LESS remains the improved cosmetic outcome. Prospective, randomized studies are largely awaited to determine which LESS procedures will be established and which are unlikely to stand the test of time. Technology advances hold promise to minimize the challenging technical nature of scarless surgery. In this respect, robotics is likely to drive a major paradigm shift in the development of LESS and NOTES. Conclusions NOTES is still an investigational approach in urology. LESS has proven to be immediately applicable in the clinical field, being safe and feasible in the hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeons. Development of instrumentation and application of robotic technology are expected to define the actual role of these techniques in minimally invasive urologic surgery.

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    European Urology
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    Repositório Comum
    Article . 2011
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    European Urology
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Carvajal, Paula; Ureña, Hilary; Umaña, Josué; Sancho-Blanco, Carolina; +4 Authors

    Molecular detection of transgenic DNA sequences in human food and animal feed in Costa Rica. Since the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops, there has been a continuous growth in adoption of the technology and in commercialization of food and feed products derived from GM crops worldwide. Governments and organizations have developed methods for rapid and high throughput screening of GM-derived foods and feeds, to verify compliance with labelling regulations aimed at providing information to consumers. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of DNA sequences, derived from GM maize and soy, in a range of unprocessed and processed foods and feeds commercialized in Costa Rica, a market without regulations to indicate transgenic content in the labelling. The standard end-point qualitative method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of GM material, the common regions of the 35S promoter and the NOS terminator, followed by the specific detection of maize Bt11, MON810, GA21, and NK603 events, as well as the soybean GTS 40-3-2 event, in a selection of foods and feeds available in Costa Rica. The overall results of the GM crops screening were: 86% for the 35S promoter, 72% for NOS terminator and 40% for identified events. The most frequently detected events were MON810, NK603 and Bt11. The results showed that GM crops-derived foods and feeds are found in the local market, and that the significance and viability of product labelling, to provide information to consumers, should be addressed by competent authorities. However, quantitative studies on the routine analyses are still needed, to detect if the threshold of GM material, set by the European Union GM food and feed regulation, has been exceeded. Desde la introducción de los cultivos genéticamente modificados (GM), ha habido un crecimiento continuo en adopción de la tecnología y en la comercialización de alimentos y piensos derivados de cultivos GM alrededor del mundo. Gobiernos y organizaciones han desarrollado métodos para detectar rápidamente y con alto rendimiento los alimentos y piensos derivados de cultivos GM, y así verificar el cumplimiento de las regulaciones dirigidas a proveer información al consumidor. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de secuencias de ADN derivadas de maíz y soya GM, en una gama de piensos y alimentos, sin procesar y procesados, comercializados en Costa Rica, un mercado sin regulaciones que indiquen contenido transgénico en el etiquetado. Se empleó el método cualitativo estándar, de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en punto final, para la detección de material GM a partir las regiones comunes del promotor 35S y el terminador NOS, seguido de la detección específica de los eventos de maíz Bt11, MON810, GA21 y NK603, así como el evento de soya GTS 40-3-2, en una selección de alimentos y piensos disponibles en Costa Rica. Los resultados generales de la detección de secuencias derivadas de cultivos GM fueron: 86% para el promotor 35S, 72% para el terminador NOS y 40% para los eventos identificados. Los eventos más frecuentemente detectados fueron MON810, NK603 y Bt11. Los resultados demostraron que existen alimentos y piensos derivados de cultivos GM en el mercado local y que la significancia y viabilidad del etiquetado de los productos, para proveer información a los consumidores, debería ser abordado por las autoridades competentes. Sin embargo, todavía falta realizar estudios cuantitativos en los análisis de rutina, para detectar si el límite de material GM, establecido por la regulación sobre alimentos y piensos GM de la Unión Europea, se ha extralimitado.

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    Agronomía Costarricense
    Article . 2017
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    Article . 2017
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    Agronomía Costarricense
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      Agronomía Costarricense
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      Agronomía Costarricense
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    Authors: Pereira, F.L.; Gash, J.H.C.; David, J.S.; David, T.S.; +2 Authors

    In a previous study, it was shown that an isolated, fully saturated tree-crown behaves like a wet bulb, allowing evaporation of intercepted rainfall to be estimated by a simple diffusion equation for water vapour. This observation was taken as the basis for a new approach in modelling interception loss from savanna-type woodland, whereby the ecosystem evaporation is derived by scaling up the evaporation from individual trees, rather than by considering a homogeneous forest cover. Interception loss from isolated trees was estimated by combining the aforementioned equation for water vapour flux with Gash's analytical model. A new methodology, which avoids the subjectivity inherent in the Leyton method, was used for estimating the crown storage capacity. Modelling performance was evaluated against data from two Mediterranean savanna-type oak woodlands (montados) in southern Portugal. Interception loss estimates were in good agreement with observations in both sites. The proposed modelling approach is physically based, requires only a limited amount of data and should be suitable for the modelling of interception loss in isolated trees and savanna-type ecosystems. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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    UTL Repository
    Article . 2015
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    Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ripple, WJ; Abernethy, K; Betts, MG; Chapron, G; +11 Authors

    � 2016 The Authors. Terrestrial mammals are experiencing a massive collapse in their population sizes and geographical ranges around the world, but many of the drivers, patterns and consequences of this decline remain poorly understood. Here we provide an analysis showing that bushmeat hunting for mostly food and medicinal products is driving a global crisis whereby 301 terrestrial mammal species are threatened with extinction. Nearly all of these threatened species occur in developing countries where major coexisting threats include deforestation, agricultural expansion, human encroachment and competition with livestock. The unrelenting decline of mammals suggests many vital ecological and socio-economic services that these species provide will be lost, potentially changing ecosystems irrevocably. We discuss options and current obstacles to achieving effective conservation, alongside consequences of failure to stem such anthropogenic mammalian extirpation. We propose a multipronged conservation strategy to help save threatened mammals from immediate extinction and avoid a collapse of food security for hundreds of millions of people.

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    Royal Society Open Science
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      Royal Society Open Science
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      Article . 2016
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    Authors: L. T. Ellis; C. Ah-Peng; G. Aslan; V. A. Bakalin; +78 Authors

    Pseudoamblystegium subtile (Hedw.) Vanderp. & Hedenäs. CONTRIBUTORS: R. Gabriel, M. Kubová, C. Sérgio and I. Soares Albergaria. PORTUGAL, AZORES: Terceira Island, Angra do Heroísmo, municipal garden ‘Jardim Duque da Terceira’, 38° 39′ 24.0′′N, 27°13′ 05.99′′W, 31 m a.s.l, on the base of a shrub, in acidic conditions, 7 April 2017, leg. Michaela Kubová s.n. (AZU). A new understanding of the pleurocarpous moss species Pseudoamblystegium subtile was proposed by Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs (2009). The new genus is separated from the other Amblystegiaceae primarily due to its phylogenetic consistency and is characterised by the possession of leaves with a very short nerve, and erect capsules (Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs 2009). (excerpt) info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    Authors: Soares, Fábio; da Rocha, Patrício Adriano; Ferrari, Stephen; Acioli, Thiago; +1 Authors

    <p style="text-align: justify;">A floresta estacional de Caatinga do nordeste do Brasil apresenta dossel contínuo de 15-25 m de altura, com um sub-bosque bem desenvolvido e abundância de cactos, lianas e epífitas. O presente estudo fornece um inventário das espécies de morcegos capturados no município de Caetité, no sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil. No total, foram capturados 68 indivíduos de morcegos, pertencentes a nove espécies e três famílias. A riqueza de espécies estimada para a área através do estimador Jackknife 1, foi 9.9. Os morcegos filostomidaeos foram os mais abundantes, e a espécie <em>Carollia perspicillata</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) foi a dominante. Nossos resultados são consistentes com estudos anteriores realizados na Bahia e no bioma Caatinga, fornecendo dados sobre a estrutura local da comunidade de morcegos. Além disso, destaca a importância de inventários rápidos para compreender a diversidade e distribuição da fauna de morcegos.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Assembléia de morcegos, Caatinga, Caetité, inventário rápido.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract</strong>: The seasonal deciduous Caatinga scrub forest of northern Brazil has a continuous canopy of 15–25 m in height, with a well-developed understory, and abundant cacti, lianas, and epiphytes. The present study provides an inventory of the bat species recorded in the municipality of Caetité, in southwestern Bahia, Brazil. Sixty-eight individuals were captured, belonging to nine species and three families. The Jackknife 1 procedure estimated a species richness of 9.9. The phyllostomid bats were the most abundant, and <em>Carollia perspicillata</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) was captured most frequently. Our results are consistent with previous studies conducted in Bahia and the Caatinga, providing data on the local bat community structure. It also highlights the importance of rapid inventories for the understanding of the diversity and distribution of the bat fauna.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Key words</strong>: Bat assemblage, Caatinga, Caetité, rapid inventories.</p>

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Raul Morais; Jorge Mendes; Renato Silva; Nuno V. da Silva; +2 Authors

    Spatial and temporal variability characterization in Precision Agriculture (PA) practices is often accomplished by proximity data gathering devices, which acquire data from a wide variety of sensors installed within the vicinity of crops. Proximity data acquisition usually depends on a hardware solution to which some sensors can be coupled, managed by a software that may (or may not) store, process and send acquired data to a back-end using some communication protocol. The sheer number of both proprietary and open hardware solutions, together with the diversity and characteristics of available sensors, is enough to deem the task of designing a data acquisition device complex. Factoring in the harsh operational context, the multiple DIY solutions presented by an active online community, available in-field power approaches and the different communication protocols, each proximity monitoring solution can be regarded as singular. Data acquisition devices should be increasingly flexible, not only by supporting a large number of heterogeneous sensors, but also by being able to resort to different communication protocols, depending on both the operational and functional contexts in which they are deployed. Furthermore, these small and unattended devices need to be sufficiently robust and cost-effective to allow greater in-field measurement granularity 365 days/year. This paper presents a low-cost, flexible and robust data acquisition device that can be deployed in different operational contexts, as it also supports three different communication technologies: IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee, LoRa/LoRaWAN and GRPS. Software and hardware features, suitable for using heat pulse methods to measure sap flow, leaf wetness sensors and others are embedded. Its power consumption is of only 83 μA during sleep mode and the cost of the basic unit was kept below the EUR 100 limit. In-field continuous evaluation over the past three years prove that the proposed solution—SPWAS’21—is not only reliable but also represents a robust and low-cost data acquisition device capable of gathering different parameters of interest in PA practices.

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    Agriculture
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    Agriculture
    Article . 2021
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    Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Agriculture
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      Agriculture
      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Allan Gustavo Brigola; Bruna Moretti Luchesi; Tiago da Silva Alexandre; Keika Inouye; +2 Authors

    Abstract Introduction: Older caregivers living in rural areas may be exposed to three vulnerable conditions, i.e., those related to care, their own aging, and their residence context. Objective: To analyze the association of burden and frailty with cognition performance in older caregivers in rural communities. Method: In this cross-sectional survey, 85 older caregivers who cared for dependent elders were included in this study. Global cognition (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination – Revised; Mini Mental State Examination), burden (Zarit Burden Interview) and frailty (Fried's frailty phenotype) were assessed. All ethical principles were observed. Results: Older caregivers were mostly women (76.7%); mean age was 69 years. Cognitive impairment was present in 15.3%, severe burden in 8.2%, frailty in 9.4%, and pre-frailty in 52.9% of the older caregivers. More severely burdened or frail caregivers had worse cognitive performance than those who were not, respectively (ANOVA test). Caregivers presenting a high burden level and some frailty degree (pre-frail or frail) simultaneously were more likely to have a reduced global cognition performance. Conclusion: A significant number of older caregivers had low cognitive performance. Actions and resources to decrease burden and physical frailty may provide better cognition and well-being, leading to an improved quality of life and quality of the care provided by the caregivers. Resumo Introdução: Idosos cuidadores que moram em comunidades rurais podem estar expostos a uma tripla condição de vulnerabilidade, por exemplo, condições relacionadas a ser cuidador de outro, condições inerentes ao seu próprio envelhecimento e ao seu contexto de moradia. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre sobrecarga, fragilidade e desempenho cognitivo em idosos cuidadores que moram em comunidades rurais. Método: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa transversal com 85 idosos cuidadores que cuidavam de idosos dependentes na comunidade. A cognição global (Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke – Revisado; Mini Exame do Estado Mental), a sobrecarga (Entrevista de Sobrecarga de Zarit) e a fragilidade (Fenótipo de Fragilidade de Fried) foram mensuradas. Todos os princípios éticos foram respeitados. Resultados: Os idosos cuidadores foram predominantemente mulheres (76.7%) com média de idade de 69 anos. A proporção de indício de alteração cognitiva foi de 15.3%, sobrecarga severa de 8.2%, fragilidade de 9.4% e pré-fragilidade de 52.9% nos idosos cuidadores. Cuidadores severamente sobrecarregados ou frágeis apresentaram pior desempenho cognitivo comparado àqueles levemente sobrecarregados e não frágeis, respectivamente (teste ANOVA). Apresentar simultaneamente sobrecarga elevada e algum grau de fragilidade (pré-frágil ou frágil) esteve associado à redução do desempenho cognitivo global. Conclusão: Um significante número de idosos cuidadores teve indício de alteração cognitiva. Estratégias e recursos para reduzir o sentimento de sobrecarga e a fragilidade física podem melhorar o desempenho mental e o bem estar, levando assim a uma melhora da qualidade de vida do idoso que cuida, bem como a qualidade do cuidado prestado por ele.

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    Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2017
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    Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
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      Article . 2017
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      Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Sophie Saget; Marcela Porto Costa; Eleonora Barilli; Marta W. Vasconcelos; +3 Authors

    The modern food system is characterised by 1) unsustainable agricultural practices, heavily dependent on agrochemical inputs and leaking large amounts of reactive nitrogen (N) whilst degrading soils, and 2) the consumption of energy-rich but nutrient-poor foods, contributing to non-communicable diseases related to malnutrition. Substituting cereals with low-input, protein- and fibre-rich legumes in the production of mainstream foods offers a promising solution to both issues. Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) is a legumi- nous crop that can be grown with little or no synthetic N fertiliser. We performed life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare the environmental footprint of pasta made from chickpeas with conventional pasta made from durum wheat ( Triticum durum ) from cradle to fork. Two functional units were used, an 80g serving of pasta, and a Nutrient Density Unit (NDU). Environmental burdens per serving were smaller for chickpea pasta across at least 10 of the 16 impact categories evaluated. Global warming, resource use minerals and metals, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, and terrestrial eutrophication burdens were smaller than those of durum wheat pasta by up to 45%, 55%, 50%, 86%, and 76%, respec- tively. Cooked chickpea pasta contains 1.5 more protein, 3.2 times more fibre and 8 times more essential fatty acids than cooked durum wheat pasta per kcal energy content. Thus, the environmental advantage of chickpea pasta extended to 15 of the 16 impact categories when footprints were compared per unit of nutrition. Global warming, resource use and eutrophication burdens per NDU were 79–95% smaller for chickpea pasta than for durum wheat pasta. The one major trade-off was land use, where chickpea pasta had a burden 200% higher per serving, or 17% higher per NDU, than wheat pasta. We conclude that there is high potential to simultaneously improve the environmental sustainability and nutritional quality of food chains through simple substitution of cereals with legumes in staple foods such as pasta. Breeding and agronomic management improvements for legumes could reduce the yield gap with cereals, miti- gating the land use penalty. Meanwhile, the higher protein content of chickpea pasta could contribute towards wider environmental benefits via animal protein substitution in diets, and merits further investi- gation. Consumers who look for the traditional taste and texture of wheat pasta can achieve these aspects by cooking the chickpea pasta al dente and combining it with a typical pasta sauce, which will hide its subtle nutty taste.

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    ZENODO; Sustainable Production and Consumption
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Authors: Luiz E. O. C. Aragão; Yadvinder Malhi; Daniel B. Metcalfe; Javier E. Silva-Espejo; +22 Authors

    The net primary productivity (NPP) of tropical forests is one of the most important and least quantified components of the global carbon cycle. Most relevant studies have focused particularly on the quantification of the above-ground coarse wood productivity, and little is known about the carbon fluxes involved in other elements of the NPP, the partitioning of total NPP between its above- and below-ground components and the main environmental drivers of these patterns. In this study we quantify the above- and below-ground NPP of ten Amazonian forests to address two questions: (1) How do Amazonian forests allocate productivity among its above- and below-ground components? (2) How do soil and leaf nutrient status and soil texture affect the productivity of Amazonian forests? Using a standardized methodology to measure the major elements of productivity, we show that NPP varies between 9.3&plusmn;1.3 Mg C ha<sup>&minus;1</sup> yr<sup>&minus;1</sup> (mean&plusmn;standard error), at a white sand plot, and 17.0&plusmn;1.4 Mg C ha<sup>&minus;1</sup> yr<sup>&minus;1</sup> at a very fertile <i>Terra Preta</i> site, with an overall average of 12.8&plusmn;0.9 Mg C ha<sup>&minus;1</sup> yr<sup>&minus;1</sup>. The studied forests allocate on average 64&plusmn;3% and 36&plusmn;3% of the total NPP to the above- and below-ground components, respectively. The ratio of above-ground and below-ground NPP is almost invariant with total NPP. Litterfall and fine root production both increase with total NPP, while stem production shows no overall trend. Total NPP tends to increase with soil phosphorus and leaf nitrogen status. However, allocation of NPP to below-ground shows no relationship to soil fertility, but appears to decrease with the increase of soil clay content.

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2009
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    Biogeosciences
    Article . 2009
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    Biogeosciences
    Article
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    Biogeosciences
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Biogeosciences (BG)
    Other literature type . 2018
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    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2009
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      Article . 2009
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      Biogeosciences
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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      Biogeosciences (BG)
      Other literature type . 2018
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      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2018
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    Authors: Riccardo Autorino; Jeffrey A. Cadeddu; Mihir M. Desai; Matthew T. Gettman; +7 Authors

    Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) have been developed to benefit patients by enabling surgeons to perform scarless surgery. Context Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) have been developed to benefit patients by enabling surgeons to perform scarless surgery. Objective To summarize and critically analyze the available evidence on the current status and future perspectives of LESS and NOTES in urology. Evidence acquisition A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted in June 2010 using the Medline database to identify all publications relating to NOTES and LESS in urology. Evidence synthesis In urology, NOTES has been completed experimentally via transgastric, transvaginal, transcolonic, and transvesical routes. Initial clinical experience has shown that NOTES urologic surgery using currently available instruments is indeed possible. Nevertheless, because of the immaturity of the instrumentation, early cases have demanded high technical virtuosity. LESS can safely and effectively be performed in a variety of urologic settings. As clinical experience increases, expanding indications are expected to be documented and the efficacy of the procedure to improve. So far, the quality of evidence of all available studies remains low, mostly being small case series or case-control studies from selected centers. Thus, the only objective benefit of LESS remains the improved cosmetic outcome. Prospective, randomized studies are largely awaited to determine which LESS procedures will be established and which are unlikely to stand the test of time. Technology advances hold promise to minimize the challenging technical nature of scarless surgery. In this respect, robotics is likely to drive a major paradigm shift in the development of LESS and NOTES. Conclusions NOTES is still an investigational approach in urology. LESS has proven to be immediately applicable in the clinical field, being safe and feasible in the hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeons. Development of instrumentation and application of robotic technology are expected to define the actual role of these techniques in minimally invasive urologic surgery.

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    European Urology
    Article
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    Repositório Comum
    Article . 2011
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    European Urology
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Authors: Carvajal, Paula; Ureña, Hilary; Umaña, Josué; Sancho-Blanco, Carolina; +4 Authors

    Molecular detection of transgenic DNA sequences in human food and animal feed in Costa Rica. Since the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops, there has been a continuous growth in adoption of the technology and in commercialization of food and feed products derived from GM crops worldwide. Governments and organizations have developed methods for rapid and high throughput screening of GM-derived foods and feeds, to verify compliance with labelling regulations aimed at providing information to consumers. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of DNA sequences, derived from GM maize and soy, in a range of unprocessed and processed foods and feeds commercialized in Costa Rica, a market without regulations to indicate transgenic content in the labelling. The standard end-point qualitative method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of GM material, the common regions of the 35S promoter and the NOS terminator, followed by the specific detection of maize Bt11, MON810, GA21, and NK603 events, as well as the soybean GTS 40-3-2 event, in a selection of foods and feeds available in Costa Rica. The overall results of the GM crops screening were: 86% for the 35S promoter, 72% for NOS terminator and 40% for identified events. The most frequently detected events were MON810, NK603 and Bt11. The results showed that GM crops-derived foods and feeds are found in the local market, and that the significance and viability of product labelling, to provide information to consumers, should be addressed by competent authorities. However, quantitative studies on the routine analyses are still needed, to detect if the threshold of GM material, set by the European Union GM food and feed regulation, has been exceeded. Desde la introducción de los cultivos genéticamente modificados (GM), ha habido un crecimiento continuo en adopción de la tecnología y en la comercialización de alimentos y piensos derivados de cultivos GM alrededor del mundo. Gobiernos y organizaciones han desarrollado métodos para detectar rápidamente y con alto rendimiento los alimentos y piensos derivados de cultivos GM, y así verificar el cumplimiento de las regulaciones dirigidas a proveer información al consumidor. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de secuencias de ADN derivadas de maíz y soya GM, en una gama de piensos y alimentos, sin procesar y procesados, comercializados en Costa Rica, un mercado sin regulaciones que indiquen contenido transgénico en el etiquetado. Se empleó el método cualitativo estándar, de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en punto final, para la detección de material GM a partir las regiones comunes del promotor 35S y el terminador NOS, seguido de la detección específica de los eventos de maíz Bt11, MON810, GA21 y NK603, así como el evento de soya GTS 40-3-2, en una selección de alimentos y piensos disponibles en Costa Rica. Los resultados generales de la detección de secuencias derivadas de cultivos GM fueron: 86% para el promotor 35S, 72% para el terminador NOS y 40% para los eventos identificados. Los eventos más frecuentemente detectados fueron MON810, NK603 y Bt11. Los resultados demostraron que existen alimentos y piensos derivados de cultivos GM en el mercado local y que la significancia y viabilidad del etiquetado de los productos, para proveer información a los consumidores, debería ser abordado por las autoridades competentes. Sin embargo, todavía falta realizar estudios cuantitativos en los análisis de rutina, para detectar si el límite de material GM, establecido por la regulación sobre alimentos y piensos GM de la Unión Europea, se ha extralimitado.

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    Agronomía Costarricense
    Article . 2017
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    Article . 2017
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    Agronomía Costarricense
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Agronomía Costarrice...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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