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  • Authors: Boisson, J.; Mench, Michel; Vangronsveld, J.; Ruttens, A.; +2 Authors

    INRA, Bordeaux Aquitaine Res Ctr, Agron Unit, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. Limburgs Univ Ctr, Dept SBG, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Univ Kuopio, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Univ Tras os Montes & Alto Douro, P-5001 Villa Real, Portugal.Boisson, J, INRA, Bordeaux Aquitaine Res Ctr, Agron Unit, BP 81, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France.

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    Authors: Albano Beja-Pereira; Gordon Luikart; Phillip R. England; Daniel G. Bradley; +7 Authors

    International audience; Milk from domestic cows has been a valuable food source for over 8,000 years, especially in lactose-tolerant human societies that exploit dairy breeds. We studied geographic patterns of variation in genes encoding the six most important milk proteins in 70 native European cattle breeds. We found substantial geographic coincidence between high diversity in cattle milk genes, locations of the European Neolithic cattle farming sites (>5,000 years ago) and present-day lactose tolerance in Europeans. This suggests a gene-culture coevolution between cattle and humans.

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    Nature Genetics
    Article . 2003 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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    Nature Genetics
    Article . 2003
    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 2003
    Data sources: Hal-Diderot
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    Authors: Leon T. Hauser; Jean-Baptiste Féret; Nguyen An Binh; Niels van der Windt; +4 Authors

    Large-scale high-resolution satellite observations of plant functional diversity patterns will greatly benefit our ability to study ecosystem functioning. Here, we demonstrate a potentially scalable approach that uses aggregate plant traits estimated from radiative transfer model (RTM) inversion of Sentinel-2 satellite images to calculate community patterns of plant functional diversity. Trait retrieval relied on simulations and Look-up Tables (LUTs) generated by a RTM rather than heavily depending on a priori field data and data-driven statistical learning. This independence from in-situ training data benefits its scalability as relevant field data remains scarce and difficult to acquire. We ran a total of three different inversion algorithms that are representative of commonly applied approaches and we used two different metrics to calculate functional diversity. In tandem with Sentinel-2 image-based estimation of plant traits, we measured Leaf Area Index (LAI), leaf Chlorophyll content (CAB), and Leaf Mass per Area (LMA) in-situ in a (semi-)natural heterogeneous landscape (Montesinho region) located in northern Portugal. Sampling plots were scaled and georeferenced to match the satellite observed pixels and thereby allowed for a direct one-to-one posterior ground truth validation of individual traits and functional diversity. Across approaches, we observe a reasonable correspondence between the satellite-based retrievals and the insitu observations in terms of the relative distribution of individual trait means and plant functional diversity across locations despite the heterogeneity of the landscape and canopies. The functional diversity estimates, based on a combination of canopy and leaf traits, were robust against estimation biases in trait means. Particularly, the convex hull volume estimate of functional diversity showed strong concordance with in-situ observations across all three inversion methods (Spearman's rho: 0.67-0.80). The remotely sensed estimates of functional diversity also related to in-situ taxonomic diversity (Spearman's rho: 0.55-0.63). Our work highlights the potential and challenges of RTM-based functional diversity metrics to study spatial community-level ecological patterns using currently operational and publicly available Sentinel-2 imagery. While further validation and assessment across different ecosystems and larger datasets are needed, the study contributes towards a further maturation of scalable, spatially, and temporally explicit methods for functional diversity assessments from space. The authors would like to acknowledge Christian Rossi, Prof. Geof-frey M. Henebry, and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported financially by the Ecology Fund of the RoyalNetherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (‘KNAW Fonds Ecologie’; KNAWWF/807/19011). We thank Altino Geraldes, Joao Carlos Aze-vedo, and the local farmers and foresters in the Montesinho-Nogueira Natura 2000 site for their help and collaboration. We thank Emilie Didaskalou for her lab assistance. J.-B. F ́eret acknowledges financial support from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (BioCop project—ANR- 17-32CE-0001).

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    Remote Sensing of Environment; NARCIS
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Carreiras , J.M.B.; Quegan , S.; Le Toan , T.; Ho Tong Minh , D.; +4 Authors

    [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-ATTOS; International audience; The magnitude of the global terrestrial carbon pool and related fluxes to and from the atmosphere are still poorly known. The European Space Agency P-band radar BIOMASS mission will help to reduce this uncertainty by providing unprecedented information on the distribution of forest above-ground biomass (AGB), particularly in the tropics where the gaps are greatest and knowledge is most needed. Mission selection was made in full knowledge of coverage restrictions over Europe, North and Central America imposed by the US Department of Defense Space Objects Tracking Radar (SOTR) stations. Under these restrictions, only 3% of AGB carbon stock coverage is lost in the tropical forest biome, with this biome representing 66% of global AGB carbon stocks in 2005. The loss is more significant in the temperate (72%), boreal (37%) and subtropical (29%) biomes, with these accounting for approximately 12%, 15% and 7%, respectively, of the global forest AGB carbon stocks. In terms of global carbon cycle modelling, there is minimal impact in areas of high AGB density, since mainly lower biomass forests in cooler climates are affected. In addition, most areas affected by the SOTR stations are located in industrialized countries with well-developed national forest inventories, so that extensive information on AGB is already available. Hence the main scientific objectives of the BIOMASS mission are not seriously compromised. Furthermore, several space sensors that can estimate AGB in lower biomass forests are in orbit or planned for launch between now and the launch of BIOMASS in 2021, which will help to fill the gaps in mission coverage.

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    Authors: Thiago S. Alves; M. Alice Pinto; Paulo Ventura; Cátia J. Neves; +4 Authors

    In a scenario of worldwide honey bee decline, assessing colony strength is becoming increasingly important for sustainable beekeeping. Temporal counts of number of comb cells with brood and food reserves offers researchers data for multiple applications, such as modelling colony dynamics, and beekeepers information on colony strength, an indicator of colony health and honey yield. Counting cells manually in comb images is labour intensive, tedious, and prone to error. Herein, we developed a free software, named DeepBee©, capable of automatically detecting cells in comb images and classifying their contents into seven classes. By distinguishing cells occupied by eggs, larvae, capped brood, pollen, nectar, honey, and other, DeepBee© allows an unprecedented level of accuracy in cell classification. Using Circle Hough Transform and the semantic segmentation technique, we obtained a cell detection rate of 98.7%, which is 16.2% higher than the best result found in the literature. For classification of comb cells, we trained and evaluated thirteen different convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, including: DenseNet (121, 169 and 201); InceptionResNetV2; InceptionV3; MobileNet; MobileNetV2; NasNet; NasNetMobile; ResNet50; VGG (16 and 19) and Xception. MobileNet revealed to be the best compromise between training cost, with ~9 s for processing all cells in a comb image, and accuracy, with an F1-Score of 94.3%. We show the technical details to build a complete pipeline for classifying and counting comb cells and we made the CNN models, source code, and datasets publicly available. With this effort, we hope to have expanded the frontier of apicultural precision analysis by providing a tool with high performance and source codes to foster improvement by third parties (https://github.com/AvsThiago/DeepBeesource). This research was developed in the framework of the project “BeeHope - Honeybee conservation centers in Western Europe: an innovative strategy using sustainable beekeeping to reduce honeybee decline”, funded through the 2013-2014 BiodivERsA/FACCE-JPI Joint call for research proposals, with the national funders FCT (Portugal), CNRS (France), and MEC (Spain). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: L. T. Ellis; C. Ah-Peng; G. Aslan; V. A. Bakalin; +78 Authors

    Pseudoamblystegium subtile (Hedw.) Vanderp. & Hedenäs. CONTRIBUTORS: R. Gabriel, M. Kubová, C. Sérgio and I. Soares Albergaria. PORTUGAL, AZORES: Terceira Island, Angra do Heroísmo, municipal garden ‘Jardim Duque da Terceira’, 38° 39′ 24.0′′N, 27°13′ 05.99′′W, 31 m a.s.l, on the base of a shrub, in acidic conditions, 7 April 2017, leg. Michaela Kubová s.n. (AZU). A new understanding of the pleurocarpous moss species Pseudoamblystegium subtile was proposed by Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs (2009). The new genus is separated from the other Amblystegiaceae primarily due to its phylogenetic consistency and is characterised by the possession of leaves with a very short nerve, and erect capsules (Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs 2009). (excerpt) info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    Authors: R. A. Makarevitch; R. A. Makarevitch; F. Honary;

    We present examples and statistical analysis of the events with statistically significant correlation between the cosmic noise absorption (CNA) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the VHF coherent echo intensity in the area monitored simultaneously by an imaging riometer and two oblique-sounding coherent VHF radars in Northern Scandinavia. By only considering the observations from the narrow riometer beams comparable (in terms of the intersection with the ionosphere) with the VHF radar cells, we identify ~200 one-hour high correlation periods (HCPs) for 2 years near the solar cycle maximum, 2000–2001. The HCP occurrence is maximized in the afternoon (12:00–17:00&nbsp;UT, MLT≅UT+3), with the secondary peak near the midnight (21:00–02:00&nbsp;UT). Relative to the VHF echo occurrence, HCPs occur more frequently from 11:00 to 20:00&nbsp;UT. The diurnal variation of HCP occurrence is similar to that of the 1-h intervals with the lowest mean absorption <i>A</i>&lt;0.25dB. </p><p style="line-height: 20px;"> The HCPs are observed more frequently during the winter months, which, combined with the fact that VHF echoes observed during HCPs exhibit features typical for field-aligned E-region irregularities, makes their association with the polar mesospheric echoes (for which some positive CNA/SNR correlation has been reported in the past) very unlikely. Instead, we attribute the high positive CNA/SNR correlation to the synchronous, to a first approximation, variation of the particle fluxes for two different but close sets of energies. </p><p style="line-height: 20px;"> By considering the dependence of the CNA/SNR correlation coefficients for both VHF radars (<i>C<sub>A1</sub></i> and <i>C<sub>A2</sub></i>) upon the correlation between SNRs for two radars (<i>C<sub>12</sub></i>), we show that both coefficients, <i>C<sub>A1</sub></i> and <i>C<sub>A2</sub></i>, and the agreement between them decrease drastically with a <i>C<sub>12</sub></i> decrease, which we interpreted through the progressively increasing role of the spatial inhomogeneity of the processes leading to the enhanced CNA and SNR. In this situation, a similarity between the radio signal collection areas should become important, and we demonstrate that the HCP occurrence and mean correlation coefficient decrease as the riometer beams and radar cells become less comparable in terms of mutual orientation and closeness between the points of maximum sensitivity. <p> <b>Keywords.</b> Ionosphere (Auroral ionosphere; Particle precipitation; Instruments and techniques)

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    Annales Geophysicae
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    Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO)
    Other literature type . 2018
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    Annales Geophysicae
    Article . 2005
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    Annales Geophysicae
    Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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      Other literature type . 2018
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      Article . 2005
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      Annales Geophysicae
      Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Joaquina Soares; Niccolò Mazzucco; Ignacio Clemente-Conte;

    "Vale Pincel I is one of the most relevant sites for the study of the Neolithic transition in the Southwest Portuguese Coast. Despite that, the acidity of sediments prevented the conservation of the botanical and faunal materials at the site, limiting its interpretation. In this work, we present the results of the traceological analysis of the Vale Pincel I flaked stone assemblage; our objective is to advance a first reconstruction of the site economy on the basis of the working process observed by the microscopic observation of a sample of lithic tools. The results indicate that at Vale Pincel I crop-harvesting activities covered a primary role, suggesting an early onset of agricultural practices in Southwestern Portugal. Moreover, a variety of different production tasks have been detected, pointing toward the existence of a mixed type of economy in which farming interplayed with foraging and crafting practices." International audience

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    Authors: Ponge, Jean-François; Chevalier, Richard;

    [Departement_IRSTEA]GT [TR1_IRSTEA]SET / BIOFOR; International audience; The Humus Index, based on the visual assessment of topsoil horizons and a classification of humus forms, is a numerical score which can be used as a correlate of stand and soil properties. In oak stands from the Montargis forest (Loiret, France) we observed a good linear relationship of the Humus Index with most parameters describing stand development (age, basal area (BA), height and diameter at breast height of dominants) and soil type (depth of clay horizon). The relationship with parameters describing nutrient availability (exchangeable bases, base saturation) was similarly good but nonlinear. In the studied forest the Humus Index was affected first by stand age and second by soil type. When corrected for age and soil type, data (96 pooled estimates) indicated a slight decrease in the Humus Index (shift towards more active humus forms) in stands converted from old coppices-with-standards when compared with even-aged high forest.

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    Forest Ecology and Management
    Article . 2006 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Lopez-Valverde, Miguel; Drossart, Pierre; Carlson, Robert; Mehlman, R.; +1 Authors

    Recent improvements in a comprehensive non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) model of CO 2 atmospheres has permitted a better understanding of a number of Venusian atmospheric measurements taken more than a decade ago by the "Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer" (NIMS) on board the Galileo spacecraft during its Venus fly-by. Those data, containing a strong non-LTE component, showed a structure in the 4.3-mum spectral region which was challenging for non-LTE models so far. The model used in this work was refined after analysis of Martian CO 2 atmospheric emission taken by the "Planetary Fourier Spectrometer" (PFS) and the "Visible and Infrared Mineralogical Mapping Spectrometer" (OMEGA) instruments on board Mars Express. Here we show that both the limb and the nadir measurements of the Venus daylight atmosphere taken at 4.3-mum by NIMS can be fitted reasonably well with the revised model. This gives confidence in the usage of such model for the analysis of the Venus Express mission, in particular for the "Visible Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer" (VIRTIS) instrument which will systematically observe these emissions. We present here non-LTE simulations for VIRTIS which demonstrate its capabilities and potential for detecting atmospheric emissions of CO and CO 2 under non-LTE, both in limb and nadir observations and we discuss briefly the perspectives to use them in order to improve our understanding of the physics of the upper atmosphere of Venus. International audience

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    Planetary and Space Science
    Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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      Planetary and Space Science
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  • Authors: Boisson, J.; Mench, Michel; Vangronsveld, J.; Ruttens, A.; +2 Authors

    INRA, Bordeaux Aquitaine Res Ctr, Agron Unit, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. Limburgs Univ Ctr, Dept SBG, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Univ Kuopio, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Univ Tras os Montes & Alto Douro, P-5001 Villa Real, Portugal.Boisson, J, INRA, Bordeaux Aquitaine Res Ctr, Agron Unit, BP 81, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France.

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    Authors: Albano Beja-Pereira; Gordon Luikart; Phillip R. England; Daniel G. Bradley; +7 Authors

    International audience; Milk from domestic cows has been a valuable food source for over 8,000 years, especially in lactose-tolerant human societies that exploit dairy breeds. We studied geographic patterns of variation in genes encoding the six most important milk proteins in 70 native European cattle breeds. We found substantial geographic coincidence between high diversity in cattle milk genes, locations of the European Neolithic cattle farming sites (>5,000 years ago) and present-day lactose tolerance in Europeans. This suggests a gene-culture coevolution between cattle and humans.

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    Nature Genetics
    Article . 2003 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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    Nature Genetics
    Article . 2003
    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 2003
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    Authors: Leon T. Hauser; Jean-Baptiste Féret; Nguyen An Binh; Niels van der Windt; +4 Authors

    Large-scale high-resolution satellite observations of plant functional diversity patterns will greatly benefit our ability to study ecosystem functioning. Here, we demonstrate a potentially scalable approach that uses aggregate plant traits estimated from radiative transfer model (RTM) inversion of Sentinel-2 satellite images to calculate community patterns of plant functional diversity. Trait retrieval relied on simulations and Look-up Tables (LUTs) generated by a RTM rather than heavily depending on a priori field data and data-driven statistical learning. This independence from in-situ training data benefits its scalability as relevant field data remains scarce and difficult to acquire. We ran a total of three different inversion algorithms that are representative of commonly applied approaches and we used two different metrics to calculate functional diversity. In tandem with Sentinel-2 image-based estimation of plant traits, we measured Leaf Area Index (LAI), leaf Chlorophyll content (CAB), and Leaf Mass per Area (LMA) in-situ in a (semi-)natural heterogeneous landscape (Montesinho region) located in northern Portugal. Sampling plots were scaled and georeferenced to match the satellite observed pixels and thereby allowed for a direct one-to-one posterior ground truth validation of individual traits and functional diversity. Across approaches, we observe a reasonable correspondence between the satellite-based retrievals and the insitu observations in terms of the relative distribution of individual trait means and plant functional diversity across locations despite the heterogeneity of the landscape and canopies. The functional diversity estimates, based on a combination of canopy and leaf traits, were robust against estimation biases in trait means. Particularly, the convex hull volume estimate of functional diversity showed strong concordance with in-situ observations across all three inversion methods (Spearman's rho: 0.67-0.80). The remotely sensed estimates of functional diversity also related to in-situ taxonomic diversity (Spearman's rho: 0.55-0.63). Our work highlights the potential and challenges of RTM-based functional diversity metrics to study spatial community-level ecological patterns using currently operational and publicly available Sentinel-2 imagery. While further validation and assessment across different ecosystems and larger datasets are needed, the study contributes towards a further maturation of scalable, spatially, and temporally explicit methods for functional diversity assessments from space. The authors would like to acknowledge Christian Rossi, Prof. Geof-frey M. Henebry, and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported financially by the Ecology Fund of the RoyalNetherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (‘KNAW Fonds Ecologie’; KNAWWF/807/19011). We thank Altino Geraldes, Joao Carlos Aze-vedo, and the local farmers and foresters in the Montesinho-Nogueira Natura 2000 site for their help and collaboration. We thank Emilie Didaskalou for her lab assistance. J.-B. F ́eret acknowledges financial support from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (BioCop project—ANR- 17-32CE-0001).

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    Remote Sensing of Environment; NARCIS
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Remote Sensing of Environment; NARCIS
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Carreiras , J.M.B.; Quegan , S.; Le Toan , T.; Ho Tong Minh , D.; +4 Authors

    [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-ATTOS; International audience; The magnitude of the global terrestrial carbon pool and related fluxes to and from the atmosphere are still poorly known. The European Space Agency P-band radar BIOMASS mission will help to reduce this uncertainty by providing unprecedented information on the distribution of forest above-ground biomass (AGB), particularly in the tropics where the gaps are greatest and knowledge is most needed. Mission selection was made in full knowledge of coverage restrictions over Europe, North and Central America imposed by the US Department of Defense Space Objects Tracking Radar (SOTR) stations. Under these restrictions, only 3% of AGB carbon stock coverage is lost in the tropical forest biome, with this biome representing 66% of global AGB carbon stocks in 2005. The loss is more significant in the temperate (72%), boreal (37%) and subtropical (29%) biomes, with these accounting for approximately 12%, 15% and 7%, respectively, of the global forest AGB carbon stocks. In terms of global carbon cycle modelling, there is minimal impact in areas of high AGB density, since mainly lower biomass forests in cooler climates are affected. In addition, most areas affected by the SOTR stations are located in industrialized countries with well-developed national forest inventories, so that extensive information on AGB is already available. Hence the main scientific objectives of the BIOMASS mission are not seriously compromised. Furthermore, several space sensors that can estimate AGB in lower biomass forests are in orbit or planned for launch between now and the launch of BIOMASS in 2021, which will help to fill the gaps in mission coverage.

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    Authors: Thiago S. Alves; M. Alice Pinto; Paulo Ventura; Cátia J. Neves; +4 Authors

    In a scenario of worldwide honey bee decline, assessing colony strength is becoming increasingly important for sustainable beekeeping. Temporal counts of number of comb cells with brood and food reserves offers researchers data for multiple applications, such as modelling colony dynamics, and beekeepers information on colony strength, an indicator of colony health and honey yield. Counting cells manually in comb images is labour intensive, tedious, and prone to error. Herein, we developed a free software, named DeepBee©, capable of automatically detecting cells in comb images and classifying their contents into seven classes. By distinguishing cells occupied by eggs, larvae, capped brood, pollen, nectar, honey, and other, DeepBee© allows an unprecedented level of accuracy in cell classification. Using Circle Hough Transform and the semantic segmentation technique, we obtained a cell detection rate of 98.7%, which is 16.2% higher than the best result found in the literature. For classification of comb cells, we trained and evaluated thirteen different convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, including: DenseNet (121, 169 and 201); InceptionResNetV2; InceptionV3; MobileNet; MobileNetV2; NasNet; NasNetMobile; ResNet50; VGG (16 and 19) and Xception. MobileNet revealed to be the best compromise between training cost, with ~9 s for processing all cells in a comb image, and accuracy, with an F1-Score of 94.3%. We show the technical details to build a complete pipeline for classifying and counting comb cells and we made the CNN models, source code, and datasets publicly available. With this effort, we hope to have expanded the frontier of apicultural precision analysis by providing a tool with high performance and source codes to foster improvement by third parties (https://github.com/AvsThiago/DeepBeesource). This research was developed in the framework of the project “BeeHope - Honeybee conservation centers in Western Europe: an innovative strategy using sustainable beekeeping to reduce honeybee decline”, funded through the 2013-2014 BiodivERsA/FACCE-JPI Joint call for research proposals, with the national funders FCT (Portugal), CNRS (France), and MEC (Spain). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: L. T. Ellis; C. Ah-Peng; G. Aslan; V. A. Bakalin; +78 Authors

    Pseudoamblystegium subtile (Hedw.) Vanderp. & Hedenäs. CONTRIBUTORS: R. Gabriel, M. Kubová, C. Sérgio and I. Soares Albergaria. PORTUGAL, AZORES: Terceira Island, Angra do Heroísmo, municipal garden ‘Jardim Duque da Terceira’, 38° 39′ 24.0′′N, 27°13′ 05.99′′W, 31 m a.s.l, on the base of a shrub, in acidic conditions, 7 April 2017, leg. Michaela Kubová s.n. (AZU). A new understanding of the pleurocarpous moss species Pseudoamblystegium subtile was proposed by Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs (2009). The new genus is separated from the other Amblystegiaceae primarily due to its phylogenetic consistency and is characterised by the possession of leaves with a very short nerve, and erect capsules (Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs 2009). (excerpt) info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    Authors: R. A. Makarevitch; R. A. Makarevitch; F. Honary;

    We present examples and statistical analysis of the events with statistically significant correlation between the cosmic noise absorption (CNA) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the VHF coherent echo intensity in the area monitored simultaneously by an imaging riometer and two oblique-sounding coherent VHF radars in Northern Scandinavia. By only considering the observations from the narrow riometer beams comparable (in terms of the intersection with the ionosphere) with the VHF radar cells, we identify ~200 one-hour high correlation periods (HCPs) for 2 years near the solar cycle maximum, 2000–2001. The HCP occurrence is maximized in the afternoon (12:00–17:00&nbsp;UT, MLT≅UT+3), with the secondary peak near the midnight (21:00–02:00&nbsp;UT). Relative to the VHF echo occurrence, HCPs occur more frequently from 11:00 to 20:00&nbsp;UT. The diurnal variation of HCP occurrence is similar to that of the 1-h intervals with the lowest mean absorption <i>A</i>&lt;0.25dB. </p><p style="line-height: 20px;"> The HCPs are observed more frequently during the winter months, which, combined with the fact that VHF echoes observed during HCPs exhibit features typical for field-aligned E-region irregularities, makes their association with the polar mesospheric echoes (for which some positive CNA/SNR correlation has been reported in the past) very unlikely. Instead, we attribute the high positive CNA/SNR correlation to the synchronous, to a first approximation, variation of the particle fluxes for two different but close sets of energies. </p><p style="line-height: 20px;"> By considering the dependence of the CNA/SNR correlation coefficients for both VHF radars (<i>C<sub>A1</sub></i> and <i>C<sub>A2</sub></i>) upon the correlation between SNRs for two radars (<i>C<sub>12</sub></i>), we show that both coefficients, <i>C<sub>A1</sub></i> and <i>C<sub>A2</sub></i>, and the agreement between them decrease drastically with a <i>C<sub>12</sub></i> decrease, which we interpreted through the progressively increasing role of the spatial inhomogeneity of the processes leading to the enhanced CNA and SNR. In this situation, a similarity between the radio signal collection areas should become important, and we demonstrate that the HCP occurrence and mean correlation coefficient decrease as the riometer beams and radar cells become less comparable in terms of mutual orientation and closeness between the points of maximum sensitivity. <p> <b>Keywords.</b> Ionosphere (Auroral ionosphere; Particle precipitation; Instruments and techniques)

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    Annales Geophysicae
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    Annales Geophysicae
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      Annales Geophysicae
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    Authors: Joaquina Soares; Niccolò Mazzucco; Ignacio Clemente-Conte;

    "Vale Pincel I is one of the most relevant sites for the study of the Neolithic transition in the Southwest Portuguese Coast. Despite that, the acidity of sediments prevented the conservation of the botanical and faunal materials at the site, limiting its interpretation. In this work, we present the results of the traceological analysis of the Vale Pincel I flaked stone assemblage; our objective is to advance a first reconstruction of the site economy on the basis of the working process observed by the microscopic observation of a sample of lithic tools. The results indicate that at Vale Pincel I crop-harvesting activities covered a primary role, suggesting an early onset of agricultural practices in Southwestern Portugal. Moreover, a variety of different production tasks have been detected, pointing toward the existence of a mixed type of economy in which farming interplayed with foraging and crafting practices." International audience

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    Authors: Ponge, Jean-François; Chevalier, Richard;

    [Departement_IRSTEA]GT [TR1_IRSTEA]SET / BIOFOR; International audience; The Humus Index, based on the visual assessment of topsoil horizons and a classification of humus forms, is a numerical score which can be used as a correlate of stand and soil properties. In oak stands from the Montargis forest (Loiret, France) we observed a good linear relationship of the Humus Index with most parameters describing stand development (age, basal area (BA), height and diameter at breast height of dominants) and soil type (depth of clay horizon). The relationship with parameters describing nutrient availability (exchangeable bases, base saturation) was similarly good but nonlinear. In the studied forest the Humus Index was affected first by stand age and second by soil type. When corrected for age and soil type, data (96 pooled estimates) indicated a slight decrease in the Humus Index (shift towards more active humus forms) in stands converted from old coppices-with-standards when compared with even-aged high forest.

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    Forest Ecology and Management
    Article . 2006 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Lopez-Valverde, Miguel; Drossart, Pierre; Carlson, Robert; Mehlman, R.; +1 Authors

    Recent improvements in a comprehensive non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) model of CO 2 atmospheres has permitted a better understanding of a number of Venusian atmospheric measurements taken more than a decade ago by the "Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer" (NIMS) on board the Galileo spacecraft during its Venus fly-by. Those data, containing a strong non-LTE component, showed a structure in the 4.3-mum spectral region which was challenging for non-LTE models so far. The model used in this work was refined after analysis of Martian CO 2 atmospheric emission taken by the "Planetary Fourier Spectrometer" (PFS) and the "Visible and Infrared Mineralogical Mapping Spectrometer" (OMEGA) instruments on board Mars Express. Here we show that both the limb and the nadir measurements of the Venus daylight atmosphere taken at 4.3-mum by NIMS can be fitted reasonably well with the revised model. This gives confidence in the usage of such model for the analysis of the Venus Express mission, in particular for the "Visible Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer" (VIRTIS) instrument which will systematically observe these emissions. We present here non-LTE simulations for VIRTIS which demonstrate its capabilities and potential for detecting atmospheric emissions of CO and CO 2 under non-LTE, both in limb and nadir observations and we discuss briefly the perspectives to use them in order to improve our understanding of the physics of the upper atmosphere of Venus. International audience

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Planetary and Space ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Planetary and Space Science
    Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Planetary and Space ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Planetary and Space Science
      Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.