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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jagannathan, Srinivasan; Bertsatos, Ioannis; Symonds, Deanelle; Chen, Tianrun; +11 Authors

    Abstract : Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) has recently been shown to becapable of instantaneously imaging and continuously monitoring fish populations over continentalshelf-scale areas, covering thousands of km2. We show how OAWRS can be used in a variety ofoceanic ecosystems to remotely assess populations and study the behavior of fish and other marineorganisms, such as Antarctic krill, to help the study of marine ecology and the ecosystem-basedapproach to fisheries management.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Marine Ecology Progr...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Marine Ecology Progress Series
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Marine Ecology Progr...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Marine Ecology Progress Series
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Skjellum, Solrun Figenschau; Kaste, Øyvind; Haande, Sigrid; Sample, James Edward; +6 Authors

    Arbeidet har sett på muligheten for å overføre dagens metodikk for «klimagassframskrivninger i jordbrukssektoren» til «avrenning av næringsstoffer til vann fra jordbruksaktivitet og økologisk tilstand i vannforekomster». Jordbruk og vannmiljø er brukt som eksempel for å vurdere hvorvidt metoder som benyttes nasjonalt og internasjonalt i klimaarbeidet kan brukes for å utvikle kunnskapsgrunnlaget og verktøykassen for styring av oppnåelse av flere klima- og miljømål i 2030 og 2050. Vi har vurdert at det er faglig mulig å utarbeide framskrivninger for avrenning av næringsstoffer fra jordbrukssektoren. For å kunne utarbeide slike framskrivninger er det imidlertid behov for å tilpasse konseptet til vannforvaltningen og videreutvikle både datagrunnlag og modellverktøy. Vi anbefaler derfor at det igangsettes et arbeid for å utvikle modellverktøy og teste ut konseptet i noen pilotområder. Det bør i denne sammenheng også vurderes hvor ressurs- og kompetansekrevende det vil være for forvaltningen å lage slike framskrivninger. Prosjektleder/Hovedforfatter Solrun Figenschau Skjellum

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Norwegian Open Resea...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Fukuda, Naoya; Suenaga, Tomohiro; Miura, Erika; Tsukamoto, Atsuko; +1 Authors

    The signals from photoreceptors modify plant morphogenesis and regulate the timing of flowering. In the long-day plant petunia, flowering is accelerated under blue (B) and white (W) light compared to red (R) light. In Arabidopsis thaliana L., ELF genes are involved in circadian clock-associated regulation of flowering under different light conditions. In this study, we aimed to assess the involvement of ELF genes in control of flowering by light quality in petunia. Two ELF4-like genes, PhELF4-1 and PhELF4-2 with 76% and 70% similarity to orthologues in pepper but low overall similarity to ELF genes in A. thaliana L., were characterized in petunia and their expression patterns studied under different light qualities. Both genes showed a rhythmic expression pattern and higher expression under B light from light emitting diodes (LED) and W light from fluorescent lamps than under R LED light from LED. For both genes, the expression peaked towards the end of the day, 12 h after start of a 14 h photoperiod. Compared with PhELF4-2, PhELF4-1 expression showed higher amplitude with significantly higher peak expression. As investigated for PhELF4-1, such an expression rhythm was kept for two days after transfer of the plants to continuous lighting using B LED, indicating a circadian rhythm. PhELF4-1 also responded with a phase shift after transfer to short days of an 8 h photoperiod. These results indicate that PhELF4-like genes in petunia are under photoperiodic control involving a circadian clock and play a role in signal transduction from one or more B light photoreceptors.

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Other literature type . Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Article . 2020
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Article . 2020
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Agronomyarrow_drop_down
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      Other literature type . Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2020
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Koetsenruijter, J.; Koetsenruijter, J.; Koetsenruijter, J.; van Lieshout, J.; +12 Authors

    BACKGROUND: Long-term conditions pose major challenges for healthcare systems. Optimizing self-management of people with long-term conditions is an important strategy to improve quality of life, health outcomes, patient experiences in healthcare, and the sustainability of healthcare systems. Much research on self-management focuses on individual competencies, while the social systems of support that facilitate self-management are underexplored. The presented study aims to explore the role of social systems of support for self-management and quality of life, focusing on the social networks of people with diabetes and community organisations that serve them. METHODS: The protocol concerns a cross-sectional study in 18 geographic areas in six European countries, involving a total of 1800 individuals with diabetes and 900 representatives of community organisations. In each country, we include a deprived rural area, a deprived urban area, and an affluent urban area. Individuals are recruited through healthcare practices in the targeted areas. A patient questionnaire comprises measures for quality of life, self-management behaviours, social network and social support, as well as individual characteristics. A community organisations' survey maps out interconnections between community and voluntary organisations that support patients with chronic illness and documents the scope of work of the different types of organisations. We first explore the structure of social networks of individuals and of community organisations. Then linkages between these social networks, self-management and quality of life will be examined, taking deprivation and other factors into account. DISCUSSION: This study will provide insight into determinants of self-management and quality of life in individuals with diabetes, focusing on the role of social networks and community organisations. Contains fulltext : 136843.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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    Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
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      Radboud Repository
      Article . 2014
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    Authors: Aksel Andreas Transeth; Remco I. Leine; Christoph Glocker; Kristin Y. Pettersen; +1 Authors

    Snakes utilize irregularities in the terrain, such as rocks and vegetation, for faster and more efficient locomotion. This motivates the development of snake robots that actively use the terrain for locomotion, i.e., obstacle-aided locomotion. In order to accurately model and understand this phenomenon, this paper presents a novel nonsmooth (hybrid) mathematical model for wheel-less snake robots, which allows the snake robot to push against external obstacles apart from a flat ground. The framework of nonsmooth dynamics and convex analysis allows us to systematically and accurately incorporate both unilateral contact forces (from the obstacles) and isotropic friction forces based on Coulomb's law using set-valued force laws. The mathematical model is verified through experiments. In particular, a back-to-back comparison between numerical simulations and experimental results is presented. It is, furthermore, shown that the snake robot is able to move forward faster and more robustly by exploiting obstacles. Snake Robot Obstacle-Aided Locomotion: Modeling, Simulations, and Experiements

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    SINTEF Open
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    IEEE Transactions on Robotics
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      SINTEF Open
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      IEEE Transactions on Robotics
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Robson, Benjamin Aubrey; Bolch, Tobias; MacDonell, Shelley; Hölbling, Daniel; +2 Authors

    B Robson was supported by the Meltzer foundation and a University of Bergen grant. S MacDonell was supported by CONICYT-Programa Regional (R16A10003) and the Coquimbo Regional Government via FIC-R(2016)BIP 40000343. D. Hölbling has been supported by the Austrian Science Fund through the project MORPH (Mapping, Monitoring and Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Land Surface Morphology; FWF-P29461-N29). N Schaffer was financed by CONICYT-FONDECYT (3180417) and P Rastner by the ESA Dragon 4 programme (4000121469/17/I-NB). Rock glaciers are an important component of the cryosphere and are one of the most visible manifestations of permafrost. While the significance of rock glacier contribution to streamflow remains uncertain, the contribution is likely to be important for certain parts of the world. High-resolution remote sensing data has permitted the creation of rock glacier inventories for large regions. However, due to the spectral similarity between rock glaciers and the surrounding material, the creation of such inventories is typically conducted based on manual interpretation, which is both time consuming and subjective. Here, we present a novel method that combines deep learning (convolutional neural networks or CNNs) and object-based image analysis (OBIA) into one workflow based on freely available Sentinel-2 optical imagery (10 m spatial resolution), Sentinel-1 interferometric coherence data, and a digital elevation model (DEM). CNNs identify recurring patterns and textures and produce a prediction raster, or heatmap where each pixel indicates the probability that it belongs to a certain class (i.e. rock glacier) or not. By using OBIA we can segment the datasets and classify objects based on their heatmap value as well as morphological and spatial characteristics. We analysed two distinct catchments, the La Laguna catchment in the Chilean semi-arid Andes and the Poiqu catchment in the central Himalaya. In total, our method mapped 108 of the 120 rock glaciers across both catchments with a mean overestimation of 28%. Individual rock glacier polygons howevercontained false positives that are texturally similar, such as debris-flows, avalanche deposits, or fluvial material causing the user's accuracy to be moderate (63.9–68.9%) even if the producer's accuracy was higher (75.0–75.4%). We repeated our method on very-high-resolution Pléiades satellite imagery and a corresponding DEM (at 2 m resolution) for a subset of the Poiqu catchment to ascertain what difference image resolution makes. We found that working at a higher spatial resolution has little influence on the producer's accuracy (an increase of 1.0%), however the rock glaciers delineated were mapped with a greater user's accuracy (increase by 9.1% to 72.0%). By running all the processing within an object-based environment it was possible to both generate the deep learning heatmap and perform post-processing through image segmentation and object reshaping. Given the difficulties in differentiating rock glaciers using image spectra, deep learning combined with OBIA offers a promising method for automating the process of mapping rock glaciers over regional scales and lead to a reduction in the workload required in creating inventories. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed

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    St Andrews Research Repository
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Zurich Open Repository and Archive
    Other literature type . Article . 2020
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    Remote Sensing of Environment
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ St Andrews Research ...arrow_drop_down
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      St Andrews Research Repository
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      Other literature type . Article . 2020
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      Remote Sensing of Environment
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Toy, Virginia G.; Niemeijer, André; Renard, Francois; Morales, Luiz; +3 Authors

    Fragments of optically flat silica discs embedded in synthetic gouge were deformed to examine the relationship between the development of striations and slickenlines, and deformation mechanisms, conditions, and fault rheology. Experiments were performed under hydrothermal conditions in a rotary shear apparatus at 100°C or 450°C, to shear strains of 2.02 < γ < 8.25. Slip hardening and softening prevail at low and high temperatures, respectively. In recovered samples, disc fragment surfaces are decorated by fine gouge, sometimes arranged in trails, pits, and scratch marks. Prominent grooves—inferred slickenlines—with constant orientation, wavelength <10 μm, and amplitude <0.7 μm are only observed on disc fragments deformed at 450°C. Some parts of the grooves below the original disc fragment surface contain scattered rounded beads of silica ~200 nm diameter. Conversely, close examination of pits in 100°C experiments reveals they contain angular particles <2 μm diameter. The 200 nm diameter crystalline quartz can precipitate at 450°C in only 250 s, well within the time frame of the experiments but precipitation at 100°C would take at least 8 years. No systematic dislocation arrays were observed in the quartz disc fragments, but microfractures are sporadically present. This indicates that at both temperatures brittle failure generated microfractures and microcomminution occurred where gouge particles impacted disc fragment surfaces. These observations suggest formation of silica beads by precipitation from amorphous silica facilitates slip weakening, smoothing of the fault surface parallel to the slip vector, development of undulations perpendicular to the slip vector by a pressure solution creep mechanism, weakening, and maintenance of a constant slip direction. This research was originally published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. © 2017 American Geophysical Union

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    Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Nygård, Torgeir;

    Nygård, T. 2020. Undersøkelse av eventuell forekomst av hønsehauk i skog ved Brønnøy kalk AS. NINA Rapport 1866 Norsk institutt for naturforskning. En skog som ligger helt inntil kalkbruddet til Brønnøy Kalk AS i Brønnøy kommune ble i juli 2020 undersøkt for eventuell forekomst av hønsehauk Accipiter gentilis. Skogen hadde delvis urskogspreg, og var typisk gammel granskog i hogstklasse 5. Det ble funnet et hønsehaukreir ca. 220 meter fra planlagt veitrase. Reiret hadde ikke vært i bruk på en tid, men det ble funnet byttedyr-rester ved foten av treet. En kan ikke utelukke at det fantes alternative reir i denne skogen. Det ble ikke påvist hønsehauk under befaringen, på tross av at det ble spilt av varsellyd av hønsehauk jevnlig. Det er påvist at hønsehauken kan være fraværende i mange år for så å komme tilbake og hekke, så framt skogen er intakt. Det frarådes derfor at denne skogen, som er administrativt vernet av Brønnøy kommune, blir utsatt for det planlagte inngrepet. Nygård, T. 2020. A survey of possible occurrence of Goshawk in a forest at Brønnøy kalk AS. NINA Report 1866. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. A forest situated right next to the limestone quarry of Brønnøy Kalk AS in Brønnøy municipality was surveyed in July 2020 for possible occurrence of goshawk Accipiter gentilis. The forest had partly a primeval forest character, typically an old. spruce forest. A goshawk nest was found about 220 meters from the planned road route. The nest had not been in use for some time, but prey remains were found at the base of the tree. It cannot be ruled out that there were alternative nests in this forest. No goshawk was detected during the inspection, despite the fact that warning sounds of goshawk were played regularly from a mobile device. It has been proven that the goshawk can be absent for many years and then come back and nest, as long as the forest is intact. It is therefore strongly recommended that this forest, which is administratively protected by Brønnøy municipality, should not be exposed to the planned intervention, but stay intact.

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    Authors: Agnieszka E. Latawiec; Bernardo B. N. Strassburg; André Braga Junqueira; Ednaldo da Silva Araújo; +15 Authors

    Most deforested lands in Brazil are occupied by low-productivity cattle ranching. Brazil is the second biggest meat producer worldwide and is projected to increase its agricultural output more than any other country. Biochar has been shown to improve soil properties and agricultural productivity when added to degraded soils, but these effects are context-dependent. The impact of biochar, fertilizer and inoculant on the productivity of forage grasses in Brazil (Brachiaria spp. and Panicum spp.) was investigated from environmental and socio-economic perspectives. We showed a 27% average increase in Brachiaria production over two years but no significant effects of amendment on Panicum yield. Biochar addition also increased the contents of macronutrients, soil pH and CEC. Each hectare amended with biochar saved 91 tonnes of CO2eq through land sparing effect, 13 tonnes of CO2eq sequestered in the soil, equating to U$455 in carbon payments. The costs of biochar production for smallholder farmers, mostly because of labour cost, outweighed the potential benefits of its use. Biochar is 617% more expensive than common fertilizers. Biochar could improve productivity of degraded pasturelands in Brazil if investments in efficient biochar production techniques are used and biochar is subsidized by low emission incentive schemes. Biochar amendment improves degraded pasturelands in Brazil: environmental and cost-benefit analysis

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    Brage NMBU
    Article . 2019
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    Scientific Reports
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    Scientific Reports
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      Brage NMBU
      Article . 2019
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      Scientific Reports
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    Authors: Nowell, Tyrone Carlisle;

    Root and Butt-Rot (RBR) is having a significant economic impact on the forest industry and is expected to increase with climate change. The current management strategies are becoming less effective, and little data on RBR distribution is available to develop new ones. In Europe, approximately half of the timber production is using Cut-To-Length timber harvesters which store a considerable amount of data on each tree. Being able to supplement this data with the presence and quantity of RBR in the tree would add significant value to both the forest industry and to the scientific community in developing new strategies for RBR management. This Master’s thesis explored the feasibility of embedding a computer vision system on the harvester for autonomous rot detection and quantification using state of the art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Among the potential applications of this system, this study assessed the possibilities to (1) provide real time feedback of this information to the harvester operator for faster, more accurate categorisation of the timber quality and (2) enable the collection of big data on RBR distribution for high spatial resolution mapping for the development of new management strategies. The model developed to detect RBR achieved an F1 score of 97.1% accuracy (precision of 95.2% and recall of 99.0%) which is a significant improvement over previous techniques with an F1 score of 90.8% accuracy (precision of 90.8% and recall of 90.8%). Prediction of the RBR quantity as a percentage of the surface area attained an RMSE of 6.88%, and was reduced to 6.17% when aggregated with the RBR detector. Evaluating the misclassifications of the detection system indicated that the model performance is at least on par with that of the author. These results indicate that there is significant potential in developing this technology further for both economic and environmental gains. M-DV

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    Brage NMBU
    Master thesis . 2019
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    Thesis . 2019
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      Brage NMBU
      Master thesis . 2019
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      Thesis . 2019
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    Authors: Jagannathan, Srinivasan; Bertsatos, Ioannis; Symonds, Deanelle; Chen, Tianrun; +11 Authors

    Abstract : Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) has recently been shown to becapable of instantaneously imaging and continuously monitoring fish populations over continentalshelf-scale areas, covering thousands of km2. We show how OAWRS can be used in a variety ofoceanic ecosystems to remotely assess populations and study the behavior of fish and other marineorganisms, such as Antarctic krill, to help the study of marine ecology and the ecosystem-basedapproach to fisheries management.

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    Marine Ecology Progress Series
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Marine Ecology Progress Series
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Skjellum, Solrun Figenschau; Kaste, Øyvind; Haande, Sigrid; Sample, James Edward; +6 Authors

    Arbeidet har sett på muligheten for å overføre dagens metodikk for «klimagassframskrivninger i jordbrukssektoren» til «avrenning av næringsstoffer til vann fra jordbruksaktivitet og økologisk tilstand i vannforekomster». Jordbruk og vannmiljø er brukt som eksempel for å vurdere hvorvidt metoder som benyttes nasjonalt og internasjonalt i klimaarbeidet kan brukes for å utvikle kunnskapsgrunnlaget og verktøykassen for styring av oppnåelse av flere klima- og miljømål i 2030 og 2050. Vi har vurdert at det er faglig mulig å utarbeide framskrivninger for avrenning av næringsstoffer fra jordbrukssektoren. For å kunne utarbeide slike framskrivninger er det imidlertid behov for å tilpasse konseptet til vannforvaltningen og videreutvikle både datagrunnlag og modellverktøy. Vi anbefaler derfor at det igangsettes et arbeid for å utvikle modellverktøy og teste ut konseptet i noen pilotområder. Det bør i denne sammenheng også vurderes hvor ressurs- og kompetansekrevende det vil være for forvaltningen å lage slike framskrivninger. Prosjektleder/Hovedforfatter Solrun Figenschau Skjellum

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    Authors: Fukuda, Naoya; Suenaga, Tomohiro; Miura, Erika; Tsukamoto, Atsuko; +1 Authors

    The signals from photoreceptors modify plant morphogenesis and regulate the timing of flowering. In the long-day plant petunia, flowering is accelerated under blue (B) and white (W) light compared to red (R) light. In Arabidopsis thaliana L., ELF genes are involved in circadian clock-associated regulation of flowering under different light conditions. In this study, we aimed to assess the involvement of ELF genes in control of flowering by light quality in petunia. Two ELF4-like genes, PhELF4-1 and PhELF4-2 with 76% and 70% similarity to orthologues in pepper but low overall similarity to ELF genes in A. thaliana L., were characterized in petunia and their expression patterns studied under different light qualities. Both genes showed a rhythmic expression pattern and higher expression under B light from light emitting diodes (LED) and W light from fluorescent lamps than under R LED light from LED. For both genes, the expression peaked towards the end of the day, 12 h after start of a 14 h photoperiod. Compared with PhELF4-2, PhELF4-1 expression showed higher amplitude with significantly higher peak expression. As investigated for PhELF4-1, such an expression rhythm was kept for two days after transfer of the plants to continuous lighting using B LED, indicating a circadian rhythm. PhELF4-1 also responded with a phase shift after transfer to short days of an 8 h photoperiod. These results indicate that PhELF4-like genes in petunia are under photoperiodic control involving a circadian clock and play a role in signal transduction from one or more B light photoreceptors.

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    Other literature type . Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Article . 2020
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    Authors: Koetsenruijter, J.; Koetsenruijter, J.; Koetsenruijter, J.; van Lieshout, J.; +12 Authors

    BACKGROUND: Long-term conditions pose major challenges for healthcare systems. Optimizing self-management of people with long-term conditions is an important strategy to improve quality of life, health outcomes, patient experiences in healthcare, and the sustainability of healthcare systems. Much research on self-management focuses on individual competencies, while the social systems of support that facilitate self-management are underexplored. The presented study aims to explore the role of social systems of support for self-management and quality of life, focusing on the social networks of people with diabetes and community organisations that serve them. METHODS: The protocol concerns a cross-sectional study in 18 geographic areas in six European countries, involving a total of 1800 individuals with diabetes and 900 representatives of community organisations. In each country, we include a deprived rural area, a deprived urban area, and an affluent urban area. Individuals are recruited through healthcare practices in the targeted areas. A patient questionnaire comprises measures for quality of life, self-management behaviours, social network and social support, as well as individual characteristics. A community organisations' survey maps out interconnections between community and voluntary organisations that support patients with chronic illness and documents the scope of work of the different types of organisations. We first explore the structure of social networks of individuals and of community organisations. Then linkages between these social networks, self-management and quality of life will be examined, taking deprivation and other factors into account. DISCUSSION: This study will provide insight into determinants of self-management and quality of life in individuals with diabetes, focusing on the role of social networks and community organisations. Contains fulltext : 136843.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

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    Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
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    Radboud Repository
    Article . 2014
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      Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
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      Radboud Repository
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    Authors: Aksel Andreas Transeth; Remco I. Leine; Christoph Glocker; Kristin Y. Pettersen; +1 Authors

    Snakes utilize irregularities in the terrain, such as rocks and vegetation, for faster and more efficient locomotion. This motivates the development of snake robots that actively use the terrain for locomotion, i.e., obstacle-aided locomotion. In order to accurately model and understand this phenomenon, this paper presents a novel nonsmooth (hybrid) mathematical model for wheel-less snake robots, which allows the snake robot to push against external obstacles apart from a flat ground. The framework of nonsmooth dynamics and convex analysis allows us to systematically and accurately incorporate both unilateral contact forces (from the obstacles) and isotropic friction forces based on Coulomb's law using set-valued force laws. The mathematical model is verified through experiments. In particular, a back-to-back comparison between numerical simulations and experimental results is presented. It is, furthermore, shown that the snake robot is able to move forward faster and more robustly by exploiting obstacles. Snake Robot Obstacle-Aided Locomotion: Modeling, Simulations, and Experiements

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    SINTEF Open
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    IEEE Transactions on Robotics
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      SINTEF Open
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      IEEE Transactions on Robotics
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Robson, Benjamin Aubrey; Bolch, Tobias; MacDonell, Shelley; Hölbling, Daniel; +2 Authors

    B Robson was supported by the Meltzer foundation and a University of Bergen grant. S MacDonell was supported by CONICYT-Programa Regional (R16A10003) and the Coquimbo Regional Government via FIC-R(2016)BIP 40000343. D. Hölbling has been supported by the Austrian Science Fund through the project MORPH (Mapping, Monitoring and Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Land Surface Morphology; FWF-P29461-N29). N Schaffer was financed by CONICYT-FONDECYT (3180417) and P Rastner by the ESA Dragon 4 programme (4000121469/17/I-NB). Rock glaciers are an important component of the cryosphere and are one of the most visible manifestations of permafrost. While the significance of rock glacier contribution to streamflow remains uncertain, the contribution is likely to be important for certain parts of the world. High-resolution remote sensing data has permitted the creation of rock glacier inventories for large regions. However, due to the spectral similarity between rock glaciers and the surrounding material, the creation of such inventories is typically conducted based on manual interpretation, which is both time consuming and subjective. Here, we present a novel method that combines deep learning (convolutional neural networks or CNNs) and object-based image analysis (OBIA) into one workflow based on freely available Sentinel-2 optical imagery (10 m spatial resolution), Sentinel-1 interferometric coherence data, and a digital elevation model (DEM). CNNs identify recurring patterns and textures and produce a prediction raster, or heatmap where each pixel indicates the probability that it belongs to a certain class (i.e. rock glacier) or not. By using OBIA we can segment the datasets and classify objects based on their heatmap value as well as morphological and spatial characteristics. We analysed two distinct catchments, the La Laguna catchment in the Chilean semi-arid Andes and the Poiqu catchment in the central Himalaya. In total, our method mapped 108 of the 120 rock glaciers across both catchments with a mean overestimation of 28%. Individual rock glacier polygons howevercontained false positives that are texturally similar, such as debris-flows, avalanche deposits, or fluvial material causing the user's accuracy to be moderate (63.9–68.9%) even if the producer's accuracy was higher (75.0–75.4%). We repeated our method on very-high-resolution Pléiades satellite imagery and a corresponding DEM (at 2 m resolution) for a subset of the Poiqu catchment to ascertain what difference image resolution makes. We found that working at a higher spatial resolution has little influence on the producer's accuracy (an increase of 1.0%), however the rock glaciers delineated were mapped with a greater user's accuracy (increase by 9.1% to 72.0%). By running all the processing within an object-based environment it was possible to both generate the deep learning heatmap and perform post-processing through image segmentation and object reshaping. Given the difficulties in differentiating rock glaciers using image spectra, deep learning combined with OBIA offers a promising method for automating the process of mapping rock glaciers over regional scales and lead to a reduction in the workload required in creating inventories. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed

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    St Andrews Research Repository
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Zurich Open Repository and Archive
    Other literature type . Article . 2020
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    Remote Sensing of Environment
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      St Andrews Research Repository
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Other literature type . Article . 2020
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      Remote Sensing of Environment
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Toy, Virginia G.; Niemeijer, André; Renard, Francois; Morales, Luiz; +3 Authors

    Fragments of optically flat silica discs embedded in synthetic gouge were deformed to examine the relationship between the development of striations and slickenlines, and deformation mechanisms, conditions, and fault rheology. Experiments were performed under hydrothermal conditions in a rotary shear apparatus at 100°C or 450°C, to shear strains of 2.02 < γ < 8.25. Slip hardening and softening prevail at low and high temperatures, respectively. In recovered samples, disc fragment surfaces are decorated by fine gouge, sometimes arranged in trails, pits, and scratch marks. Prominent grooves—inferred slickenlines—with constant orientation, wavelength <10 μm, and amplitude <0.7 μm are only observed on disc fragments deformed at 450°C. Some parts of the grooves below the original disc fragment surface contain scattered rounded beads of silica ~200 nm diameter. Conversely, close examination of pits in 100°C experiments reveals they contain angular particles <2 μm diameter. The 200 nm diameter crystalline quartz can precipitate at 450°C in only 250 s, well within the time frame of the experiments but precipitation at 100°C would take at least 8 years. No systematic dislocation arrays were observed in the quartz disc fragments, but microfractures are sporadically present. This indicates that at both temperatures brittle failure generated microfractures and microcomminution occurred where gouge particles impacted disc fragment surfaces. These observations suggest formation of silica beads by precipitation from amorphous silica facilitates slip weakening, smoothing of the fault surface parallel to the slip vector, development of undulations perpendicular to the slip vector by a pressure solution creep mechanism, weakening, and maintenance of a constant slip direction. This research was originally published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. © 2017 American Geophysical Union

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    Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth
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    Authors: Nygård, Torgeir;

    Nygård, T. 2020. Undersøkelse av eventuell forekomst av hønsehauk i skog ved Brønnøy kalk AS. NINA Rapport 1866 Norsk institutt for naturforskning. En skog som ligger helt inntil kalkbruddet til Brønnøy Kalk AS i Brønnøy kommune ble i juli 2020 undersøkt for eventuell forekomst av hønsehauk Accipiter gentilis. Skogen hadde delvis urskogspreg, og var typisk gammel granskog i hogstklasse 5. Det ble funnet et hønsehaukreir ca. 220 meter fra planlagt veitrase. Reiret hadde ikke vært i bruk på en tid, men det ble funnet byttedyr-rester ved foten av treet. En kan ikke utelukke at det fantes alternative reir i denne skogen. Det ble ikke påvist hønsehauk under befaringen, på tross av at det ble spilt av varsellyd av hønsehauk jevnlig. Det er påvist at hønsehauken kan være fraværende i mange år for så å komme tilbake og hekke, så framt skogen er intakt. Det frarådes derfor at denne skogen, som er administrativt vernet av Brønnøy kommune, blir utsatt for det planlagte inngrepet. Nygård, T. 2020. A survey of possible occurrence of Goshawk in a forest at Brønnøy kalk AS. NINA Report 1866. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. A forest situated right next to the limestone quarry of Brønnøy Kalk AS in Brønnøy municipality was surveyed in July 2020 for possible occurrence of goshawk Accipiter gentilis. The forest had partly a primeval forest character, typically an old. spruce forest. A goshawk nest was found about 220 meters from the planned road route. The nest had not been in use for some time, but prey remains were found at the base of the tree. It cannot be ruled out that there were alternative nests in this forest. No goshawk was detected during the inspection, despite the fact that warning sounds of goshawk were played regularly from a mobile device. It has been proven that the goshawk can be absent for many years and then come back and nest, as long as the forest is intact. It is therefore strongly recommended that this forest, which is administratively protected by Brønnøy municipality, should not be exposed to the planned intervention, but stay intact.

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    Authors: Agnieszka E. Latawiec; Bernardo B. N. Strassburg; André Braga Junqueira; Ednaldo da Silva Araújo; +15 Authors

    Most deforested lands in Brazil are occupied by low-productivity cattle ranching. Brazil is the second biggest meat producer worldwide and is projected to increase its agricultural output more than any other country. Biochar has been shown to improve soil properties and agricultural productivity when added to degraded soils, but these effects are context-dependent. The impact of biochar, fertilizer and inoculant on the productivity of forage grasses in Brazil (Brachiaria spp. and Panicum spp.) was investigated from environmental and socio-economic perspectives. We showed a 27% average increase in Brachiaria production over two years but no significant effects of amendment on Panicum yield. Biochar addition also increased the contents of macronutrients, soil pH and CEC. Each hectare amended with biochar saved 91 tonnes of CO2eq through land sparing effect, 13 tonnes of CO2eq sequestered in the soil, equating to U$455 in carbon payments. The costs of biochar production for smallholder farmers, mostly because of labour cost, outweighed the potential benefits of its use. Biochar is 617% more expensive than common fertilizers. Biochar could improve productivity of degraded pasturelands in Brazil if investments in efficient biochar production techniques are used and biochar is subsidized by low emission incentive schemes. Biochar amendment improves degraded pasturelands in Brazil: environmental and cost-benefit analysis

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    Brage NMBU
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    Scientific Reports
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    Authors: Nowell, Tyrone Carlisle;

    Root and Butt-Rot (RBR) is having a significant economic impact on the forest industry and is expected to increase with climate change. The current management strategies are becoming less effective, and little data on RBR distribution is available to develop new ones. In Europe, approximately half of the timber production is using Cut-To-Length timber harvesters which store a considerable amount of data on each tree. Being able to supplement this data with the presence and quantity of RBR in the tree would add significant value to both the forest industry and to the scientific community in developing new strategies for RBR management. This Master’s thesis explored the feasibility of embedding a computer vision system on the harvester for autonomous rot detection and quantification using state of the art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Among the potential applications of this system, this study assessed the possibilities to (1) provide real time feedback of this information to the harvester operator for faster, more accurate categorisation of the timber quality and (2) enable the collection of big data on RBR distribution for high spatial resolution mapping for the development of new management strategies. The model developed to detect RBR achieved an F1 score of 97.1% accuracy (precision of 95.2% and recall of 99.0%) which is a significant improvement over previous techniques with an F1 score of 90.8% accuracy (precision of 90.8% and recall of 90.8%). Prediction of the RBR quantity as a percentage of the surface area attained an RMSE of 6.88%, and was reduced to 6.17% when aggregated with the RBR detector. Evaluating the misclassifications of the detection system indicated that the model performance is at least on par with that of the author. These results indicate that there is significant potential in developing this technology further for both economic and environmental gains. M-DV

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Brage NMBU; Norwegia...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Brage NMBU
    Master thesis . 2019
    Data sources: Brage NMBU
    ResearchGate Data
    Thesis . 2019
    Data sources: Datacite
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Brage NMBU; Norwegia...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Brage NMBU
      Master thesis . 2019
      Data sources: Brage NMBU
      ResearchGate Data
      Thesis . 2019
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.