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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cardona, Luisa; Campos, Néstor Hernando; Hernández Rolong, Elkin;

    RESUMEN En Colombia, el cangrejo Cardisoma guanhumi enfrenta dos amenazas: la extracción y la pérdida de hábitat. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo estimar los parámetros de crecimiento de C. guanhumi en el departamento del Magdalena. Se realizaron capturas mensuales de mayo a octubre de 2016 en cuatro localidades del Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (PNNT) y una localidad de la Vía Parque Isla Salamanca (VIPIS). Se capturaron 816 individuos, los cuales fueron medidos, pesados, sexados y liberados. Con la rutina ELEFAN I del programa FiSAT II se analizaron las frecuencias de tallas obtenidas para conocer: 1) los parámetros de crecimiento a nivel departamental, teniendo en cuenta el sexo, para lo cual se usaron todos los datos y 2) para el PNNT, para lo cual se excluyeron los datos de VIPIS. El tamaño asintótico del ancho del caparazón fue mayor en machos (109.16 mm) que en hembras (96.74 mm), mientras que el parámetro de crecimiento K fue mayor para las hembras (0.19 año-1) que para los machos (0.15 año-1). Se obtuvieron índices de desempeño de crecimiento similares: 3.252 en machos y 3.250 en hembras. Con la rutina de curva de captura linealizada de FISAT II se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad total (Z), natural (M), y por pesca (F), las cuales fueron 0.41, 0.36 y 0.05 año-1 respectivamente. Para el PNNT se obtuvo un K mayor (0.29 año-1) que en el departamento (0.15 año-1) y por tanto una menor longevidad (tmax = 10.42 años) que en el departamento (tmax = 20.06 años). En términos generales la población de C. guanhumi es longeva, de crecimiento lento y con baja mortalidad por extracción en la zona de estudio. Los datos obtenidos en el presente trabajo son importantes para el manejo de esta especie, ya que al tener un crecimiento lento la hace vulnerable a la sobrepesca. ABSTRACT In Colombia, the blue land crab Cardisoma guanhumi faces two main threats: extraction and habitat loss. This project aims to show an approximation of the growth parameters of C. guanhumi in protected areas within the Magdalena department. Individuals were captured monthly from May to October 2016 in five localities in the Tayrona National Natural Park (PNNT) and the Salamanca Island Road Park (VIPIS). A total of 816 crabs were collected, each of which was measured, weighed, sexed and released. Both sexes showed a negative allometric length-to-weight ratio. Using the FiSAT II program's ELEFAN I routine, the size frequencies obtained were analyzed in order to determine the growth parameters for 1) the department, considering gender, and 2) the PNNT, where the data from VIPIS was excluded. The asymptotic carapace width was higher for males (109.16 mm) than for females (96.74 mm), but the growth coefficient (K) was higher for females (0.19 year-1) than for males (0.15 year-1). Growth performance indexes were similar: 3.252 for males and 3.250 for females. The FISAT II length converted catch curve routine was used to calculate the total (Z), natural (M), and fishing (F) mortality rates, as 0.41, 0.36, and 0.05 year-1 respectively. The grow coefficient K was higher for the PNNT (0.29 year-1) than for the Magdalena department (0.15 year-1), thus, longevity was lower for the PNNT (tmax = 10.42 years) compared to the department (tmax = 20.06 years). In general terms, the C. guanhumi population in the study area is longevous, slow growing, with low extraction morality. The data obtained in this work are important in the management of this species, as its slow growth makes it vulnerable to overfishing.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Scientific Electroni...arrow_drop_down
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Hurtado Tobón, Luis Hernando; García González, María Dolly;

    El horizonte de autocorrelación espacial, entendido como la distancia mínima entre puntos a partir de la cual la correlación espacial se hace cero, es un parámetro de gran utilidad en el diseño de muestras que tienen como propósito el estudio del comportamiento espacial de una variable. En este trabajo se discute en detalle la estimación del horizonte de autocorrelación por la vía de los correlogramas de bandas de confianza y se hacen estimaciones para un conjunto de variables físico - químicas estudiadas en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Norte de Colombia. Los resultados de la aplicación muestran que para cuatro de las variables incluidas en el estudio (Nitrito, Nitrato, suma de Nitrito mas Nitrato y concentración de Oxígeno) no es posible analizar su comportamiento espacial debido a que el horizonte de autocorrelación es menor que la distancia mínima entre los puntos que formaron la muestra. Para las otras variables los horizontes de autocorrelación espacial en metros fueron: Amonio 4900, Salinidad 4600, Silicato 3900, Ortofosfato 2700 y Clorofila 2700. A través de la aplicación se nota además la distorsión que puede producirse en la estimación del horizonte de autocorrelación si previamente no se corrige la tendencia espacial que tiene la variable. The spatial autocorrelation range, understood here as the minimum distance between points at which the spatial correlation becomes zero, is a very useful parameter to design samples that have as goal the study of the spatial behavior of a variable. In this paper the estimation of the autocorrelation range by means of the correlograms of confidence bands are discussed in detail, and estimations for a set of physical-chemical variables studied at the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Northern Colombia, are made. The results of the application show that for four of the variables included in the study (Nitrite, Nitrate, the addition of Nitrite and Nitrate, and Oxygen concentration) it is not possible to analyze their spatial behavior because the autocorrelation range is less than the minimum distance between the points that constituted the sample. The spatial autocorrelation range for the other variables were, 4900 m for ammonia, 4600 m for salinity, 3900 m for silicate, 2700 m for orthophosphate and 2700 m for chlorophyll. Through the application it can be further noticed the distortion that may result in estimating the ranges if the spatial trend is not previously removed.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: David Alonso C.; Carolina Segura Quintero; Paula Castillo Torres; José Gerhantz Muro;

    Ecological representative marine protected areas (MPA) establishment is an important management tool for natural marine and coastal resources use regulation and biodiversity protection. Through a systematized selection process using MARXAN decision support system (DSS), the first Colombian Northern Caribbean MPA network was designed. Fifty-one conservation targets at different biological organization levels (ecosystems, communities and species) as well as archeological, historical, and indigenous cultural important sites were identified based on national expert knowledge. Target and coastal systems (Tayrona, Palomino, and Guajira) quantitative conservation goals were established using four criteria: type, abundance, natural condition, and vulnerability. Conservation goals ranged between ≤ 10, 30, 60, and 100%. A portfolio with 63 priority conservation sites, equivalent to an area of 129964 ha, was identified. Based on their high representativeness, habitat heterogeneity, naturalness, and vulnerable life stages 32 sites (71971 ha) were selected above all to be included in the MPA network. Follow up detailed “planning site” is now required to identify boundaries, short and middle time conservation strategies and adequate national category management type proposal. Priority conservation sites adjacent to existing protected areas are suggested as extendable areas over the submerged boundaries.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Boletín de Investiga...arrow_drop_down
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Espinosa, Luisa Fernanda; Ramírez, Gustavo; Campos, Néstor Hernando;

    En los sedimentos superficiales aledaños al manglar, de cuatro estaciones dentro de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta y una estación en la Bahía de Chengue, se analizaron las concentraciones de seis residuos de plaguicidas organoclorados (lindano, heptacloro, aldrin, pp'DDE, pp'DDD y pp'DDT), mediante la técnica de cromatografía gas-líquido. Se realizaron muestreos trimestrales entre marzo y diciembre de 1993, tratando de abarcar las principales épocas climáticas de la región (seca, lluviosa menor, seca menor y lluviosa mayor). Mediante análisis de varianza multifactorial se encontraron diferencias significativas solamente en las concentraciones de lindano, heptacloro y pp'DDE, entre las diferentes épocas climática; los otros tres compuestos (aldrin, pp'DDD y pp'DDT) no mostraron diferencias significativas en ninguno de los factores de variación. Las mayores concentraciones de lindano se presentan en la época seca y las de heptacloro y pp'DDE en la lluviosa mayor. Las concentraciones de estos compuestos fueron cotejadas con la salinidad del agua y con el porcentaje de materia orgánica del sedimento y mediante análisis de correlación canónica se logró establecer que solo el pp'DDT está en relación inversa con la materia orgánica del sedimento. Concentrations of six organochlorine pesticide residues (lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, pp'DDE, pp'DDD y pp'DDT) wereanalized in surface mangrove sediments at four sites at Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and in one site in Bahía de Chengue, Colombian Caribbean. Analyses were carried out by gas-liquid chromatography. Samples were taken between March and December 1993, corresponding to four climatic seasons (dry, minor rainy, minor dry and major rainy). Significant differences in lindane, heptachlor and pp'DDE concentrations among seasons were determined by multifactorial analysis of variance; the other three compounds (aldrin, pp'DDD an pp'DDT) did not show significant differences for any of the likely sources of variation. Highest concentrations of lindane were in dry season and those of heptaclore and pp'DDE were in rainy season. A canonical correlation was run between the groups formed with organochlorine concentratios and water salinity plus relative organic matter content. The correlation coefficients indicate that only pp'DDT presented a inverse correlation with the percentage of organic matter.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Omar Sierra-Rozo; José Ernesto Mancera Pineda; Adriana Santos-Martínez;

    La degradacion de la hojarasca de manglar fue estudiada en diferentes sustratos de tres humedales de manglar en San Andres isla, Caribe colombiano, durante la temporada de lluvias. Las tasas de descomposicion de Rhizophora mangle L. (mangle rojo), Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. F. Gaertn. (mangle blanco) y Avicennia germinans (L.) L. (mangle negro) fueron medidas en bolsas tipo malla. Algunas bolsas fueron dispuestas bajo el suelo, otras sumergidas en el agua y otras sobre la superficie del suelo. Dos humedales del estudio fueron de borde y uno interno. Algunos factores fisicoquimicos que influyen sobre la descomposicion de la materia organica vegetal fueron evaluados. El modelo de regresion que mejor se ajusto al comportamiento de descomposicion fue el simple de raiz cuadrada. La interaccion del tiempo con factores bioticos y abioticos determino la perdida de biomasa foliar. Las mayores tasas de degradacion se obtuvieron en humedales de borde; microambientes acuaticos y edaficos humedos, sobre la especie A. germinans y en los lugares con macrofauna consumidora asociada. En las etapas tempranas de descomposicion se presento la mayor velocidad de degradacion. En general, el menor porcentaje de biomasa remanente despues de 15 semanas de incubacion lo presento A. germinans (10 %), respecto a R. mangle (29 %) y L. racemosa (28 %). Con base en los resultados obtenidos y aquellos de trabajos previos relacionados con las tasas de produccion de hojarasca en los mismos humedales de estudio, se propone un modelo basico conceptual-cuantitativo de la dinamica produccion-descomposicion de hojarasca en San Andres isla

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Claudia Villa Porto; Paula Cristina Sierra Correa;

    The implementation of the United Nations strategy for “Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD)” as a mitigation measure to the effects of climate change on forest areas of Colombia, finds support for implementation of international conventions of which the country is part. The methodology applied in REDD projects has conflicts with current regulatory framework, related to the collective ownership of indigenous and afro communities. This paper focus on communities property rights vs. potential REDD forests and their good and environmental services. Conclusions show that the law on coastal areas against forest resource use is limited in Colombia and requires to improve scientific research on normative and regulatory processes focus on economic instruments for biodiversity uses, in order to reduce or take into account the impacts on communities property rights.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
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    Authors: Juan M. Fuentes-Reinés;

    Diaphanosoma spinulosum Herbst, 1975 esta ampliamente distribuida en la region neotropical con registros en Colombia en los departamentos de Amazonas, Cordoba y Santander. El presente manuscrito reporta, por primera vez, la ocurrencia de D. spinulosum en el departamento de La Guajira. Este especimen fue encontrado en la laguna Navio Quebrado, Camarones, La Guajira, Colombia. Diaphanosoma spinulosum superficialmente se asemeja a su congenere D. birgei y ambas pueden ser facilmente confundidas. Se discuten las diferencias morfologicas entre ellas.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Orjuela Rojas, A. M.; Villamil, Carlos A.; Sanjuan-Muñoz, A.;

    En abril de 2007 se estimó la cobertura y se determinaron los atributos estructurales de los bosques de mangle establecidos en la Baja Guajira. La cobertura del bosque se estimó a partir de imágenes ASTER y de un mosaico de fotografías aéreas. La estructura se determinó sobre transectos de 10 m de ancho y del largo de la franja del bosque de mangle. En cada uno de éstos se identificaron y contaron los árboles de mangle, midiéndoles altura total y diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y se calculó el área basal, la densidad y el Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI). En la Baja Guajira se estimó una cobertura de mangle de 59.9 ha. Laguncularia racemosa fue la especie más frecuente (87 %) y dominante (0.54 m2 · ha-1), Rhizophora mangle se presentó en el 75 % de las estaciones, mientras Avicennia germinans se encontró únicamente al norte del área de estudio. Las mayores alturas y DAP promedios de R. mangle, L. racemosa y A. germinans se presentaron en Rincón Mosquito (12.9±2.3 m y 22.4±11.2 cm), Puerto Brisa (12.2±5.3 m y 20.8±9.8 cm) y La Enea (13.8±4.3 m y 23.8±14.8 cm) respectivamente, sectores caracterizados por tener aportes constantes de agua dulce. La estación de Dibulla constituida por una floresta monoespecífica de Conocarpus erectus presentó el bosque menos desarrollado con una altura promedio de 2.8±0.6 m y DAP promedio de 3.0±0.9 cm. En cuanto a la regeneración natural, L. racemosa presentó la mayor proporción de plántulas en el área de estudio, R. mangle se encontró en las estaciones parcialmente inundadas y A. germinans presentó la mayor densidad de plántulas y propágulos en la estación de La Enea. Extension and structure of mangrove forests in the Baja Guajira, Colombian Caribbean. In April 2007, cover and structural attributes of mangrove forests in the Baja Guajira were estimated and identified. Forest cover was estimated from ASTER images and aerial photographs. The forest structure was evaluated along transects which were 10 m broad and as long as the width of the mangrove fringe. In each transect mangrove trees were identified and counted. The total height and the diameter at breast height (DBH) of the trees were measured and subsequently the basal area, density and Importance Value Index (IVI) calculated. The estimated mangrove cover of the Baja Guajira was 59.9 ha. The most frequentand dominant species was Laguncularia racemosa (0.54 m2.ha-1). Rhizophora mangle was present in 75 % of the stations, while Avicennia germinans was only found in the north of the study area. The highest average heights and diameters for R. mangle, L. racemosa and A. germinans were determined in Rincón Mosquito (12.9±2.3 m and 22.4±11.2 cm), Puerto Brisa (12.2±5.3 m and 20.8±9.8 cm) and La Enea (13.8± 4.3 m and 23.8±14.8 cm), sectors with a constant fresh water supply. The less developed forest, a monospecific forest of Conocarpus erectus, was observed in Dibulla station, with height and diameter averages of 2.8±0.6 m and 3.0±0.9 cm. In terms of natural regeneration, L. racemosa presented the highest proportion of seedlings in the study area, R. mangle was found in stations partly flooded and A. germinans had the highest density of seedlings and propagules at La Enea station. INVEMAR Published Cover

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Cardona, Luisa; Campos, Néstor Hernando; Hernández Rolong, Elkin;

    RESUMEN En Colombia, el cangrejo Cardisoma guanhumi enfrenta dos amenazas: la extracción y la pérdida de hábitat. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo estimar los parámetros de crecimiento de C. guanhumi en el departamento del Magdalena. Se realizaron capturas mensuales de mayo a octubre de 2016 en cuatro localidades del Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (PNNT) y una localidad de la Vía Parque Isla Salamanca (VIPIS). Se capturaron 816 individuos, los cuales fueron medidos, pesados, sexados y liberados. Con la rutina ELEFAN I del programa FiSAT II se analizaron las frecuencias de tallas obtenidas para conocer: 1) los parámetros de crecimiento a nivel departamental, teniendo en cuenta el sexo, para lo cual se usaron todos los datos y 2) para el PNNT, para lo cual se excluyeron los datos de VIPIS. El tamaño asintótico del ancho del caparazón fue mayor en machos (109.16 mm) que en hembras (96.74 mm), mientras que el parámetro de crecimiento K fue mayor para las hembras (0.19 año-1) que para los machos (0.15 año-1). Se obtuvieron índices de desempeño de crecimiento similares: 3.252 en machos y 3.250 en hembras. Con la rutina de curva de captura linealizada de FISAT II se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad total (Z), natural (M), y por pesca (F), las cuales fueron 0.41, 0.36 y 0.05 año-1 respectivamente. Para el PNNT se obtuvo un K mayor (0.29 año-1) que en el departamento (0.15 año-1) y por tanto una menor longevidad (tmax = 10.42 años) que en el departamento (tmax = 20.06 años). En términos generales la población de C. guanhumi es longeva, de crecimiento lento y con baja mortalidad por extracción en la zona de estudio. Los datos obtenidos en el presente trabajo son importantes para el manejo de esta especie, ya que al tener un crecimiento lento la hace vulnerable a la sobrepesca. ABSTRACT In Colombia, the blue land crab Cardisoma guanhumi faces two main threats: extraction and habitat loss. This project aims to show an approximation of the growth parameters of C. guanhumi in protected areas within the Magdalena department. Individuals were captured monthly from May to October 2016 in five localities in the Tayrona National Natural Park (PNNT) and the Salamanca Island Road Park (VIPIS). A total of 816 crabs were collected, each of which was measured, weighed, sexed and released. Both sexes showed a negative allometric length-to-weight ratio. Using the FiSAT II program's ELEFAN I routine, the size frequencies obtained were analyzed in order to determine the growth parameters for 1) the department, considering gender, and 2) the PNNT, where the data from VIPIS was excluded. The asymptotic carapace width was higher for males (109.16 mm) than for females (96.74 mm), but the growth coefficient (K) was higher for females (0.19 year-1) than for males (0.15 year-1). Growth performance indexes were similar: 3.252 for males and 3.250 for females. The FISAT II length converted catch curve routine was used to calculate the total (Z), natural (M), and fishing (F) mortality rates, as 0.41, 0.36, and 0.05 year-1 respectively. The grow coefficient K was higher for the PNNT (0.29 year-1) than for the Magdalena department (0.15 year-1), thus, longevity was lower for the PNNT (tmax = 10.42 years) compared to the department (tmax = 20.06 years). In general terms, the C. guanhumi population in the study area is longevous, slow growing, with low extraction morality. The data obtained in this work are important in the management of this species, as its slow growth makes it vulnerable to overfishing.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
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    Authors: Hurtado Tobón, Luis Hernando; García González, María Dolly;

    El horizonte de autocorrelación espacial, entendido como la distancia mínima entre puntos a partir de la cual la correlación espacial se hace cero, es un parámetro de gran utilidad en el diseño de muestras que tienen como propósito el estudio del comportamiento espacial de una variable. En este trabajo se discute en detalle la estimación del horizonte de autocorrelación por la vía de los correlogramas de bandas de confianza y se hacen estimaciones para un conjunto de variables físico - químicas estudiadas en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Norte de Colombia. Los resultados de la aplicación muestran que para cuatro de las variables incluidas en el estudio (Nitrito, Nitrato, suma de Nitrito mas Nitrato y concentración de Oxígeno) no es posible analizar su comportamiento espacial debido a que el horizonte de autocorrelación es menor que la distancia mínima entre los puntos que formaron la muestra. Para las otras variables los horizontes de autocorrelación espacial en metros fueron: Amonio 4900, Salinidad 4600, Silicato 3900, Ortofosfato 2700 y Clorofila 2700. A través de la aplicación se nota además la distorsión que puede producirse en la estimación del horizonte de autocorrelación si previamente no se corrige la tendencia espacial que tiene la variable. The spatial autocorrelation range, understood here as the minimum distance between points at which the spatial correlation becomes zero, is a very useful parameter to design samples that have as goal the study of the spatial behavior of a variable. In this paper the estimation of the autocorrelation range by means of the correlograms of confidence bands are discussed in detail, and estimations for a set of physical-chemical variables studied at the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Northern Colombia, are made. The results of the application show that for four of the variables included in the study (Nitrite, Nitrate, the addition of Nitrite and Nitrate, and Oxygen concentration) it is not possible to analyze their spatial behavior because the autocorrelation range is less than the minimum distance between the points that constituted the sample. The spatial autocorrelation range for the other variables were, 4900 m for ammonia, 4600 m for salinity, 3900 m for silicate, 2700 m for orthophosphate and 2700 m for chlorophyll. Through the application it can be further noticed the distortion that may result in estimating the ranges if the spatial trend is not previously removed.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
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    Authors: David Alonso C.; Carolina Segura Quintero; Paula Castillo Torres; José Gerhantz Muro;

    Ecological representative marine protected areas (MPA) establishment is an important management tool for natural marine and coastal resources use regulation and biodiversity protection. Through a systematized selection process using MARXAN decision support system (DSS), the first Colombian Northern Caribbean MPA network was designed. Fifty-one conservation targets at different biological organization levels (ecosystems, communities and species) as well as archeological, historical, and indigenous cultural important sites were identified based on national expert knowledge. Target and coastal systems (Tayrona, Palomino, and Guajira) quantitative conservation goals were established using four criteria: type, abundance, natural condition, and vulnerability. Conservation goals ranged between ≤ 10, 30, 60, and 100%. A portfolio with 63 priority conservation sites, equivalent to an area of 129964 ha, was identified. Based on their high representativeness, habitat heterogeneity, naturalness, and vulnerable life stages 32 sites (71971 ha) were selected above all to be included in the MPA network. Follow up detailed “planning site” is now required to identify boundaries, short and middle time conservation strategies and adequate national category management type proposal. Priority conservation sites adjacent to existing protected areas are suggested as extendable areas over the submerged boundaries.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Espinosa, Luisa Fernanda; Ramírez, Gustavo; Campos, Néstor Hernando;

    En los sedimentos superficiales aledaños al manglar, de cuatro estaciones dentro de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta y una estación en la Bahía de Chengue, se analizaron las concentraciones de seis residuos de plaguicidas organoclorados (lindano, heptacloro, aldrin, pp'DDE, pp'DDD y pp'DDT), mediante la técnica de cromatografía gas-líquido. Se realizaron muestreos trimestrales entre marzo y diciembre de 1993, tratando de abarcar las principales épocas climáticas de la región (seca, lluviosa menor, seca menor y lluviosa mayor). Mediante análisis de varianza multifactorial se encontraron diferencias significativas solamente en las concentraciones de lindano, heptacloro y pp'DDE, entre las diferentes épocas climática; los otros tres compuestos (aldrin, pp'DDD y pp'DDT) no mostraron diferencias significativas en ninguno de los factores de variación. Las mayores concentraciones de lindano se presentan en la época seca y las de heptacloro y pp'DDE en la lluviosa mayor. Las concentraciones de estos compuestos fueron cotejadas con la salinidad del agua y con el porcentaje de materia orgánica del sedimento y mediante análisis de correlación canónica se logró establecer que solo el pp'DDT está en relación inversa con la materia orgánica del sedimento. Concentrations of six organochlorine pesticide residues (lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, pp'DDE, pp'DDD y pp'DDT) wereanalized in surface mangrove sediments at four sites at Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and in one site in Bahía de Chengue, Colombian Caribbean. Analyses were carried out by gas-liquid chromatography. Samples were taken between March and December 1993, corresponding to four climatic seasons (dry, minor rainy, minor dry and major rainy). Significant differences in lindane, heptachlor and pp'DDE concentrations among seasons were determined by multifactorial analysis of variance; the other three compounds (aldrin, pp'DDD an pp'DDT) did not show significant differences for any of the likely sources of variation. Highest concentrations of lindane were in dry season and those of heptaclore and pp'DDE were in rainy season. A canonical correlation was run between the groups formed with organochlorine concentratios and water salinity plus relative organic matter content. The correlation coefficients indicate that only pp'DDT presented a inverse correlation with the percentage of organic matter.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
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    Authors: Omar Sierra-Rozo; José Ernesto Mancera Pineda; Adriana Santos-Martínez;

    La degradacion de la hojarasca de manglar fue estudiada en diferentes sustratos de tres humedales de manglar en San Andres isla, Caribe colombiano, durante la temporada de lluvias. Las tasas de descomposicion de Rhizophora mangle L. (mangle rojo), Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C. F. Gaertn. (mangle blanco) y Avicennia germinans (L.) L. (mangle negro) fueron medidas en bolsas tipo malla. Algunas bolsas fueron dispuestas bajo el suelo, otras sumergidas en el agua y otras sobre la superficie del suelo. Dos humedales del estudio fueron de borde y uno interno. Algunos factores fisicoquimicos que influyen sobre la descomposicion de la materia organica vegetal fueron evaluados. El modelo de regresion que mejor se ajusto al comportamiento de descomposicion fue el simple de raiz cuadrada. La interaccion del tiempo con factores bioticos y abioticos determino la perdida de biomasa foliar. Las mayores tasas de degradacion se obtuvieron en humedales de borde; microambientes acuaticos y edaficos humedos, sobre la especie A. germinans y en los lugares con macrofauna consumidora asociada. En las etapas tempranas de descomposicion se presento la mayor velocidad de degradacion. En general, el menor porcentaje de biomasa remanente despues de 15 semanas de incubacion lo presento A. germinans (10 %), respecto a R. mangle (29 %) y L. racemosa (28 %). Con base en los resultados obtenidos y aquellos de trabajos previos relacionados con las tasas de produccion de hojarasca en los mismos humedales de estudio, se propone un modelo basico conceptual-cuantitativo de la dinamica produccion-descomposicion de hojarasca en San Andres isla

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
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    Authors: Claudia Villa Porto; Paula Cristina Sierra Correa;

    The implementation of the United Nations strategy for “Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD)” as a mitigation measure to the effects of climate change on forest areas of Colombia, finds support for implementation of international conventions of which the country is part. The methodology applied in REDD projects has conflicts with current regulatory framework, related to the collective ownership of indigenous and afro communities. This paper focus on communities property rights vs. potential REDD forests and their good and environmental services. Conclusions show that the law on coastal areas against forest resource use is limited in Colombia and requires to improve scientific research on normative and regulatory processes focus on economic instruments for biodiversity uses, in order to reduce or take into account the impacts on communities property rights.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
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    Authors: Juan M. Fuentes-Reinés;

    Diaphanosoma spinulosum Herbst, 1975 esta ampliamente distribuida en la region neotropical con registros en Colombia en los departamentos de Amazonas, Cordoba y Santander. El presente manuscrito reporta, por primera vez, la ocurrencia de D. spinulosum en el departamento de La Guajira. Este especimen fue encontrado en la laguna Navio Quebrado, Camarones, La Guajira, Colombia. Diaphanosoma spinulosum superficialmente se asemeja a su congenere D. birgei y ambas pueden ser facilmente confundidas. Se discuten las diferencias morfologicas entre ellas.

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Orjuela Rojas, A. M.; Villamil, Carlos A.; Sanjuan-Muñoz, A.;

    En abril de 2007 se estimó la cobertura y se determinaron los atributos estructurales de los bosques de mangle establecidos en la Baja Guajira. La cobertura del bosque se estimó a partir de imágenes ASTER y de un mosaico de fotografías aéreas. La estructura se determinó sobre transectos de 10 m de ancho y del largo de la franja del bosque de mangle. En cada uno de éstos se identificaron y contaron los árboles de mangle, midiéndoles altura total y diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y se calculó el área basal, la densidad y el Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI). En la Baja Guajira se estimó una cobertura de mangle de 59.9 ha. Laguncularia racemosa fue la especie más frecuente (87 %) y dominante (0.54 m2 · ha-1), Rhizophora mangle se presentó en el 75 % de las estaciones, mientras Avicennia germinans se encontró únicamente al norte del área de estudio. Las mayores alturas y DAP promedios de R. mangle, L. racemosa y A. germinans se presentaron en Rincón Mosquito (12.9±2.3 m y 22.4±11.2 cm), Puerto Brisa (12.2±5.3 m y 20.8±9.8 cm) y La Enea (13.8±4.3 m y 23.8±14.8 cm) respectivamente, sectores caracterizados por tener aportes constantes de agua dulce. La estación de Dibulla constituida por una floresta monoespecífica de Conocarpus erectus presentó el bosque menos desarrollado con una altura promedio de 2.8±0.6 m y DAP promedio de 3.0±0.9 cm. En cuanto a la regeneración natural, L. racemosa presentó la mayor proporción de plántulas en el área de estudio, R. mangle se encontró en las estaciones parcialmente inundadas y A. germinans presentó la mayor densidad de plántulas y propágulos en la estación de La Enea. Extension and structure of mangrove forests in the Baja Guajira, Colombian Caribbean. In April 2007, cover and structural attributes of mangrove forests in the Baja Guajira were estimated and identified. Forest cover was estimated from ASTER images and aerial photographs. The forest structure was evaluated along transects which were 10 m broad and as long as the width of the mangrove fringe. In each transect mangrove trees were identified and counted. The total height and the diameter at breast height (DBH) of the trees were measured and subsequently the basal area, density and Importance Value Index (IVI) calculated. The estimated mangrove cover of the Baja Guajira was 59.9 ha. The most frequentand dominant species was Laguncularia racemosa (0.54 m2.ha-1). Rhizophora mangle was present in 75 % of the stations, while Avicennia germinans was only found in the north of the study area. The highest average heights and diameters for R. mangle, L. racemosa and A. germinans were determined in Rincón Mosquito (12.9±2.3 m and 22.4±11.2 cm), Puerto Brisa (12.2±5.3 m and 20.8±9.8 cm) and La Enea (13.8± 4.3 m and 23.8±14.8 cm), sectors with a constant fresh water supply. The less developed forest, a monospecific forest of Conocarpus erectus, was observed in Dibulla station, with height and diameter averages of 2.8±0.6 m and 3.0±0.9 cm. In terms of natural regeneration, L. racemosa presented the highest proportion of seedlings in the study area, R. mangle was found in stations partly flooded and A. germinans had the highest density of seedlings and propagules at La Enea station. INVEMAR Published Cover

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    Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
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