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    Authors: Pentti Saukko;

    In der Studie wird berichtet über die Untersuchungen, die im Sommer 1945 auf den Uferkulturen der zum Gewässergebiet des Oulujoki gehörenden Seen Pirttijärvi und Nuasjärvi ausgeführt worden sind über den Schaden, der den Kulturpflanzen durch das gegen Ende Juni eingetretene Hochwasser verursacht worden ist. Die Wasserstands- und Niederschlagsverhältnisse sowie die durchschnittlichen Wachstumszeiten im Untersuchungsgebiet sind in Abb. 1 wiedergegeben. Ausser den augenscheinlichen, die Schaden- und Abgangsgrenzen der verschiedenen Pflanzen angehenden Nivellierungen, deren Mittelwertergebnisse aus Tabelle 1 hervorgehen, sind den verschiedenen morphologischen Eigenschaften der Getreidepflanzen zugewandte Untersuchungen auf Grund von Ähren(Rispen-)proben aus den Kulturen ausgeführt worden. Zu jeder Probe haben 20 Ähren gehört. Die einer Probe entsprechenden Messungswerte sind in relative Werte umgerechnet und auf ihrer Grundlage graphische Darstellungen ausgearbeitet worden zu den Figuren 2—4, die also die Abhängigkeit der verschiedenen morphologischen Eigenschaften vom Wasserstand widerspiegeln. Ausserdem sind auch für 1 m2 grosse Probeflächen Ertragsbestimmungen ausgeführt worden, deren Ergebnisse aus Abb. G hervorgehen. Die Untersuchungen lehren, dass die Abgangsgrenze sich bei den verschiedenen Kulturpflanzen recht deutlich abhebt. Unter den Kulturpflanzen hat sich der Timothee in der Wasserresistenz als am besten erwiesen. Seiner Abgangsgrenze hat eine etwa 20tägige, der des Leins eine 14tägige und der des Roggens eine 11tägige Wasserdecke entsprochen. Die Abgangsgrenze von Hafer und Klee hat in der Hochwassergrenze gelegen, die der Gerste wiederum 3cm und die der Kartoffel 10 cm höher. Die Schadengrenze hat sich bei den Wiesenpflanzen schwer festlegen lassen. Sie hat sich wenigstens nicht viel höher als die Abgangsgrenze hingezogen. Bei den übrigen Pflanzen hat die Schadengrenze durch schnittlich etwa 30 cm oberhalb der Abgangsgrenze gelegen. Der Wasserschaden äussert sich bei den Kulturpflanzen teilweise als Lichtung des Bestandes, sehr stark aber auch als Minderung der Anzahl der in der Ähre enthaltenen Körner. Auf die Korngrösse hat das Hochwasser verhältnismässig wenig eingewirkt. Auf Grund der Untersuchungen sind die Kurven in Abb. 5 gezeichnet, die für den betreffenden Sommer die relativen Erträge von Roggen, Gerste und Hafer im Vergleich zum Mittelwasser des 30tägi gen Hochwasserstandes zeigen. Es sei bemerkt, dass der grösste Teil der Beobachtungen Sandtonböden betroffen hat und dass der Boden bei eintretendem Hochwasser infolge der reichlichen Niederschläge verhältnissmässig feucht gewesen ist Früher sind Untersuchungen über die Wirkung der am Anfang und am Ende der Vegetationszeit eingetretenen Hochwasser auf die Kulturen ausgeführt worden. Auf Grund dieser drei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten entsprechenden Untersuchungen ist in Abb. 7 eine Darstellung gegeben, die erkennen lässt, wie lange die verschiedenen Pflanzen die Wasserdecke vertragen haben, bevor ihr Ertrag im grossen ganzen verlorengegangen ist. In Anbetracht der verschiedenartigen Untersuchungsverhältnisse hat die Darstellung jedoch nur als richtunggebend zu gelten. Die Wiesenpflanzen scheinen im beginnenden Frühjahr, wenn der Boden gefroren ist, eine Wasserdecke bedeutend besser als im Mittsommer vertragen zu haben. Die Kulturpflanzen zeigen sich am empfindlichsten gegenüber dem Hochwasser, das im Mittsommer, wenn der Wachstumsvorgang am lebhaftesten ist, auf die Kulturen steigt. In der Reifezeit können sie sogar eine verhältnissmässig lang andauernde Wasserdecke vertragen. Es ist beobachtet worden, dass sich die Abgangsgrenze undeutlich ausbildet, wenn das Hochwasser zeitig im Frühjahr und gegen Ende der Vegetationszeit eintritt. Im ersteren Fall verursacht das Hochwasser hauptsächlich eine Lichtung des Bestandes, durch die die Undeutlichkeit der Abgangsgrenze bewirkt wird. Das in der Reifezeit eingetretene Hochwasser beeinflusst in erster Linie nur die Korngrösse, weswegen die Abgangsgrenze erst mittels Kornuntersuchungen festgelegt werden kann.

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    Article . 1946
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1946 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1946
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1946 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Martti Salonen; Jorma Kähäri;

    The nitrogen effect of ligno Carex peat addition to heavy clay with a low content of organic matter was investigated in a pot experiment of eight years. The test plant was oats. The nitrogen effect proved to be very small. It was evident that the positive effect of an addition of peat to mineral soil, which in some cases can be very marked in field conditions, is mainly physical. Primarily it may be due to improved soil moisture conditions.

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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1978 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1978
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    Agricultural and Food Science
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1978 . Peer-reviewed
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      DOAJ
      Article . 1978
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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    Authors: Markku Yli-Halla;

    Two field experiments on P fertilization were conducted on clay soils in Southern Finland. The rates of P applied yearly in granular NPK fertilizers were 0, 13/16, 26/32, 47/56 and 60/72 kg P/ha in 1974—82/1983 —85. Oats, barley, spring wheat and winter wheat were grown, in two years also oil seed crops. In one experiment, the maximum yield of cereal grains in the first nine years (4 460 kg/ha) was reached at the P rate of 13 kg/ha, but thereafter at 32 kg P/ha. The average difference between the maximum yields and the ones obtained without P fertilization was 470 kg/ha (12 %) in 1974—80, but during the last four years the difference increased to 1 360 kg/ha (40 %), owing to the depletion of P in the plots not fertilized with P. Also in the other experiment, in which the maximum yield of cereal grains (4 790 kg/ha) was obtained at the P rate of 26/32 kg/ha, the response to P fertilization increased towards the end of the trial, the mean response during the last three years being 570 kg/ha (12 %). Phosphorus fertilization, up to the P level at which the maximum yield was reached, decreased the moisture content of cereal grains at harvest. The quantity of P extracted with 0.5 M NH4-acetate-0.5 M acetic acid (pH 4.65) decreased in the plots not fertilized with P, from 5.8 mg/l to 2.2 mg/l and from 6.2 mg/l to 1.8 mg/l in the course of the two trials. The original level of acetate-extractable P was somewhat maintained but not elevated by P rates of 26/32, 47/56 and 60/72 kg/ha. Residual P was recovered mainly in the fractions extractable with NH4F (“Al-P”) and NaOH (“Fe-P”).

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    DOAJ
    Article . 1989
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1989 . Peer-reviewed
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    Agricultural and Food Science
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      Article . 1989
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1989 . Peer-reviewed
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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    Authors: Jarmo Valaja; Hilkka Siljander-Rasi; Timo Alaviuhkola; Asko Rantanen;

    A growth experiment was conducted to study the effect of different lysine supplementation levels of barley wet distillers’ solids (WDS) diets on the performance and the carcass quality of pigs (25.5-95.5 kg live weight). A total of 160 pigs were divided into four groups of 40 animals. Four pigs of the same sex were placed in each pen and fed one of the four experimental diets; a barley-soyabean meal (SBM) control diet (167 g crude protein (CP) /kg dry matter (DM) and 7.6 g lysine/feed unit (FU)) or three similar barley-WDS diets (204 g CP/kg DM) which were supplemented with synthetic lysine to contain 7.7, 9.2 or 10.7 g lysine/FU. Lysine supplementation linearly improved the daily weight gain (DG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the pigs during growing (1-5 weeks) (p < 0.001), finishing (6th week onward) (p < 0.001) and the whole experimental period (p < 0.001). However, during the whole growing-finishing period the performance of the pigs levelled off at the lysine level of 9.2 g/FU and daily supply of 18.0 g, respectively(quadratic effect: p < 0.05 for DG and p < 0.01 for FCR). The pigs on the SBM diet grew faster and more efficiently than did the pigs on the WDS diets with similar lysine content (p < 0.05).

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    Agricultural and Food Science
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1996 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1996
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1996 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1996
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    Authors: Mikko Varo;

    The net increase in the weight of the reindeer calves has been during the first summer 35 and 40 kg and the second 17 and 25 kg for the females and males, respectively. There are genetic differences in the development of the weights and measures of the young reindeer. These differences can be utilized in improving the productivity by breeding. Also the change in weight during the winter season seems to be an inheritable feature. The sum of the body length and the chest girth, or the combined measure, looks like being the most useful basis for selection.

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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1972 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1972
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1972 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1972
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    Authors: Armi Kaila;

    The effect of liming on the distribution of superphosphate phosphorus in various fractions of soil phosphorus was studied. Samples of four mineral soils (pH 3.9 to 5.1) were incubated at room temperature for eight months with 0, 0.5, or 1.0 per cent CaCO3, and with 0.40 per cent superphosphate or without any phosphate application. Liming increased the soil pH-values to pH 6.1—7.3. Samples were analyzed for inorganic phosphorus by the fractionation method of CHANG and JACKSON. Results obtained after an incubation period of four months showed that, both in the fertilized and unfertilized samples, liming had increased the fluoride soluble, acid soluble and easily soluble fractions, but it had decreased the alkali soluble phosphorus. These effects were generally the more distinct, the higher the application of CaCO3 had been. During the prolonged incubation, the alkali soluble fraction tended to increase at the expense of the fluoride soluble phosphorus. The differences in the phosphorus content of various fractions in the respective fertilized and unfertilized samples showed that the »superphosphate phosphorus» was mainly recovered as the fluoride soluble and alkali soluble forms, the relative amount of the latter being the lower the heavier the liming had been. Yet, even at about pH 7, from one fifth to one fourth of the applied phosphorus appeared to be sorbed by iron compounds and ocurred in the alkali soluble fraction. The sum of the proportions of easily soluble and fluoride soluble phosphorus increased with liming. The small parts of fertilizer phosphorus recovered in the acid soluble form did not depend on the rate of liming. Thus, even at pH 7, no significant turning of superphosphate phosphorus in difficultly soluble apatite like secondary calcium phosphates could be detected. The effect of liming on the availability of the fertilizer phosphorus and on the phosphate retention pattern of the soil, was discussed.

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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1967 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1967
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1967 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1967
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    Authors: Aila Vanhatalo;

    Preface

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2008
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2013
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2008
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      Article . 2013
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    Authors: Sancho Bañón; Mario Bedia; Elisabeth Almela; P. Martínez;

    The use of pork from rustic pig breeds was tested to improve the quality of dry-cured fermented sausages. The quality of a salchichon/salami-type sausage manufactured with pork from Chato Murciano breed (CM) and Early White pig (EW) (Large White ~ Landrace breed) was compared. CM pork improved several quality characteristics of dry-cured fermented sausage. Significant (p . 0.05) differences between mean CM and EW values were found for total lipids, ash, collagen, water activity, total acidity, CIELab colour, proteolysis, fat acidity, fatty acid profile, total viable counts, lactic acid bacteria, Micrococacceae, moulds and yeasts, colour, odour, flavour, fattiness and acceptance. CM mainly intensified the reddening of sausage cuts and increased monounsaturated acids in fat. Acceptance was also better for CM, although odour and flavour were only slightly improved. The production of high-quality specialities of dry-cured meat products can contribute to the sustainable production of CM and similar rustic pig breeds, maintaining the genetic diversity of pig species.;

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    Agricultural and Food Science; Journal.fi
    Article . 2008 . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article
    License: CC BY
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2008
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      Agricultural and Food Science; Journal.fi
      Article . 2008 . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article
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      Article . 2008
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    Authors: Odd Arne Rognli;

    Northern marginal regions are very heterogeneous as regards environmental conditions for plant growth. Low temperature is the overriding feature of the environment in these regions. This paper discusses species aspects in relation to breeding for adaptation to northern marginal regions for the most important herbage species. The impact of natural selection and climatic adaptation on the herbage plant populations at the margin forms the basis for discussing breeding objectives for the various species in these regions. The differences between species native to these regions, e.g. Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, Deschampsia spp., and introduced species like Phleum pratense and Festuca pratensis, are emphasized. These differences include important characteristics like yield potential, seasonal distribution, quality and winter hardiness, the most important characteristic of adaptation to northern marginal regions. The influence of the course of the reproductive development on both total yield, harvest index and seasonal distribution is stressed, and particularly discussed for Phleum.

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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1988
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1988
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    Authors: Matti Näsi;

    Leaf protein was extracted from different green crops in 11 pilot plant esperiments. Of the crops, 4 were grass, 6 clover and one pea. The extraction of juice was on average 55 % of the fresh weight of the green crop and the values for dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were 22.6 and 24.1 %. Clover gave better recoveries of protein than grass. In the leaf protein concentrate (LPC) obtained from the juice, the separation ratios for DM, CP and TP (true protein) were, respectively, 23.7 %, 48.0 and 80.7 %. Heating to 85°C gave more efficient recoveries of LPC than the combination of heating and acid precipitation. The average DM content of the pressed pulp was 30.4 %, the corresponding value for the whole crop being 16.5 %. Measured on a DM basis, the CP content of the pressed pulp was only 0.4 % units lower than in untreated forage, but the crude fibre content was 7.3 % units higher. In vitro organic matter digestibility and the pepsin-HCI solubility of crude protein were on average 5.1 and 5.5 % units lower in the pulp. The average DM of the plant juice was 6.5 % and contained 21.9 % ash, 21.5 % CP, 10.7 % TP and 29.9 % soluble sugars. Clover and pea had much higher values for CP and TP than grass. In the LPC preparations, CP and TP averaged 43.6 % and 38.5 % of DM. Heat treatment gave higher protein content than precipitation of LPC by combined heating and acidification. The in vitro digestibility and protein solubility of LPC were high, on average 85.6 % and 80.2 %. LPC had fairly high contents of lysine and methionine, 4.1 % and 1.6 g/16 g N. There were only small differences in the amino acid composition between grass and clover and between crops harvested at different growth stages. Green crop fractionation is a potential means of improving grassland production and utilization. Promising results have been obtained with plant juice and LPC fed to monogastric animals and pressed pulp residues in diets for ruminants. The economic aspects of fractionation remain to be evaluated.

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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1983 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1983
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    Agricultural and Food Science
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1983 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1983
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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    Authors: Pentti Saukko;

    In der Studie wird berichtet über die Untersuchungen, die im Sommer 1945 auf den Uferkulturen der zum Gewässergebiet des Oulujoki gehörenden Seen Pirttijärvi und Nuasjärvi ausgeführt worden sind über den Schaden, der den Kulturpflanzen durch das gegen Ende Juni eingetretene Hochwasser verursacht worden ist. Die Wasserstands- und Niederschlagsverhältnisse sowie die durchschnittlichen Wachstumszeiten im Untersuchungsgebiet sind in Abb. 1 wiedergegeben. Ausser den augenscheinlichen, die Schaden- und Abgangsgrenzen der verschiedenen Pflanzen angehenden Nivellierungen, deren Mittelwertergebnisse aus Tabelle 1 hervorgehen, sind den verschiedenen morphologischen Eigenschaften der Getreidepflanzen zugewandte Untersuchungen auf Grund von Ähren(Rispen-)proben aus den Kulturen ausgeführt worden. Zu jeder Probe haben 20 Ähren gehört. Die einer Probe entsprechenden Messungswerte sind in relative Werte umgerechnet und auf ihrer Grundlage graphische Darstellungen ausgearbeitet worden zu den Figuren 2—4, die also die Abhängigkeit der verschiedenen morphologischen Eigenschaften vom Wasserstand widerspiegeln. Ausserdem sind auch für 1 m2 grosse Probeflächen Ertragsbestimmungen ausgeführt worden, deren Ergebnisse aus Abb. G hervorgehen. Die Untersuchungen lehren, dass die Abgangsgrenze sich bei den verschiedenen Kulturpflanzen recht deutlich abhebt. Unter den Kulturpflanzen hat sich der Timothee in der Wasserresistenz als am besten erwiesen. Seiner Abgangsgrenze hat eine etwa 20tägige, der des Leins eine 14tägige und der des Roggens eine 11tägige Wasserdecke entsprochen. Die Abgangsgrenze von Hafer und Klee hat in der Hochwassergrenze gelegen, die der Gerste wiederum 3cm und die der Kartoffel 10 cm höher. Die Schadengrenze hat sich bei den Wiesenpflanzen schwer festlegen lassen. Sie hat sich wenigstens nicht viel höher als die Abgangsgrenze hingezogen. Bei den übrigen Pflanzen hat die Schadengrenze durch schnittlich etwa 30 cm oberhalb der Abgangsgrenze gelegen. Der Wasserschaden äussert sich bei den Kulturpflanzen teilweise als Lichtung des Bestandes, sehr stark aber auch als Minderung der Anzahl der in der Ähre enthaltenen Körner. Auf die Korngrösse hat das Hochwasser verhältnismässig wenig eingewirkt. Auf Grund der Untersuchungen sind die Kurven in Abb. 5 gezeichnet, die für den betreffenden Sommer die relativen Erträge von Roggen, Gerste und Hafer im Vergleich zum Mittelwasser des 30tägi gen Hochwasserstandes zeigen. Es sei bemerkt, dass der grösste Teil der Beobachtungen Sandtonböden betroffen hat und dass der Boden bei eintretendem Hochwasser infolge der reichlichen Niederschläge verhältnissmässig feucht gewesen ist Früher sind Untersuchungen über die Wirkung der am Anfang und am Ende der Vegetationszeit eingetretenen Hochwasser auf die Kulturen ausgeführt worden. Auf Grund dieser drei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten entsprechenden Untersuchungen ist in Abb. 7 eine Darstellung gegeben, die erkennen lässt, wie lange die verschiedenen Pflanzen die Wasserdecke vertragen haben, bevor ihr Ertrag im grossen ganzen verlorengegangen ist. In Anbetracht der verschiedenartigen Untersuchungsverhältnisse hat die Darstellung jedoch nur als richtunggebend zu gelten. Die Wiesenpflanzen scheinen im beginnenden Frühjahr, wenn der Boden gefroren ist, eine Wasserdecke bedeutend besser als im Mittsommer vertragen zu haben. Die Kulturpflanzen zeigen sich am empfindlichsten gegenüber dem Hochwasser, das im Mittsommer, wenn der Wachstumsvorgang am lebhaftesten ist, auf die Kulturen steigt. In der Reifezeit können sie sogar eine verhältnissmässig lang andauernde Wasserdecke vertragen. Es ist beobachtet worden, dass sich die Abgangsgrenze undeutlich ausbildet, wenn das Hochwasser zeitig im Frühjahr und gegen Ende der Vegetationszeit eintritt. Im ersteren Fall verursacht das Hochwasser hauptsächlich eine Lichtung des Bestandes, durch die die Undeutlichkeit der Abgangsgrenze bewirkt wird. Das in der Reifezeit eingetretene Hochwasser beeinflusst in erster Linie nur die Korngrösse, weswegen die Abgangsgrenze erst mittels Kornuntersuchungen festgelegt werden kann.

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    Article . 1946
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    Agricultural and Food Science
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1946 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1946
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1946 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Martti Salonen; Jorma Kähäri;

    The nitrogen effect of ligno Carex peat addition to heavy clay with a low content of organic matter was investigated in a pot experiment of eight years. The test plant was oats. The nitrogen effect proved to be very small. It was evident that the positive effect of an addition of peat to mineral soil, which in some cases can be very marked in field conditions, is mainly physical. Primarily it may be due to improved soil moisture conditions.

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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1978 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1978
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1978 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1978
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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    Authors: Markku Yli-Halla;

    Two field experiments on P fertilization were conducted on clay soils in Southern Finland. The rates of P applied yearly in granular NPK fertilizers were 0, 13/16, 26/32, 47/56 and 60/72 kg P/ha in 1974—82/1983 —85. Oats, barley, spring wheat and winter wheat were grown, in two years also oil seed crops. In one experiment, the maximum yield of cereal grains in the first nine years (4 460 kg/ha) was reached at the P rate of 13 kg/ha, but thereafter at 32 kg P/ha. The average difference between the maximum yields and the ones obtained without P fertilization was 470 kg/ha (12 %) in 1974—80, but during the last four years the difference increased to 1 360 kg/ha (40 %), owing to the depletion of P in the plots not fertilized with P. Also in the other experiment, in which the maximum yield of cereal grains (4 790 kg/ha) was obtained at the P rate of 26/32 kg/ha, the response to P fertilization increased towards the end of the trial, the mean response during the last three years being 570 kg/ha (12 %). Phosphorus fertilization, up to the P level at which the maximum yield was reached, decreased the moisture content of cereal grains at harvest. The quantity of P extracted with 0.5 M NH4-acetate-0.5 M acetic acid (pH 4.65) decreased in the plots not fertilized with P, from 5.8 mg/l to 2.2 mg/l and from 6.2 mg/l to 1.8 mg/l in the course of the two trials. The original level of acetate-extractable P was somewhat maintained but not elevated by P rates of 26/32, 47/56 and 60/72 kg/ha. Residual P was recovered mainly in the fractions extractable with NH4F (“Al-P”) and NaOH (“Fe-P”).

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    Article . 1989
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1989 . Peer-reviewed
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    Agricultural and Food Science
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      DOAJ
      Article . 1989
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1989 . Peer-reviewed
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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    Authors: Jarmo Valaja; Hilkka Siljander-Rasi; Timo Alaviuhkola; Asko Rantanen;

    A growth experiment was conducted to study the effect of different lysine supplementation levels of barley wet distillers’ solids (WDS) diets on the performance and the carcass quality of pigs (25.5-95.5 kg live weight). A total of 160 pigs were divided into four groups of 40 animals. Four pigs of the same sex were placed in each pen and fed one of the four experimental diets; a barley-soyabean meal (SBM) control diet (167 g crude protein (CP) /kg dry matter (DM) and 7.6 g lysine/feed unit (FU)) or three similar barley-WDS diets (204 g CP/kg DM) which were supplemented with synthetic lysine to contain 7.7, 9.2 or 10.7 g lysine/FU. Lysine supplementation linearly improved the daily weight gain (DG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the pigs during growing (1-5 weeks) (p < 0.001), finishing (6th week onward) (p < 0.001) and the whole experimental period (p < 0.001). However, during the whole growing-finishing period the performance of the pigs levelled off at the lysine level of 9.2 g/FU and daily supply of 18.0 g, respectively(quadratic effect: p < 0.05 for DG and p < 0.01 for FCR). The pigs on the SBM diet grew faster and more efficiently than did the pigs on the WDS diets with similar lysine content (p < 0.05).

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    Agricultural and Food Science
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1996 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1996
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1996 . Peer-reviewed
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      DOAJ
      Article . 1996
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    Authors: Mikko Varo;

    The net increase in the weight of the reindeer calves has been during the first summer 35 and 40 kg and the second 17 and 25 kg for the females and males, respectively. There are genetic differences in the development of the weights and measures of the young reindeer. These differences can be utilized in improving the productivity by breeding. Also the change in weight during the winter season seems to be an inheritable feature. The sum of the body length and the chest girth, or the combined measure, looks like being the most useful basis for selection.

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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1972 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1972
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1972 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1972
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    Authors: Armi Kaila;

    The effect of liming on the distribution of superphosphate phosphorus in various fractions of soil phosphorus was studied. Samples of four mineral soils (pH 3.9 to 5.1) were incubated at room temperature for eight months with 0, 0.5, or 1.0 per cent CaCO3, and with 0.40 per cent superphosphate or without any phosphate application. Liming increased the soil pH-values to pH 6.1—7.3. Samples were analyzed for inorganic phosphorus by the fractionation method of CHANG and JACKSON. Results obtained after an incubation period of four months showed that, both in the fertilized and unfertilized samples, liming had increased the fluoride soluble, acid soluble and easily soluble fractions, but it had decreased the alkali soluble phosphorus. These effects were generally the more distinct, the higher the application of CaCO3 had been. During the prolonged incubation, the alkali soluble fraction tended to increase at the expense of the fluoride soluble phosphorus. The differences in the phosphorus content of various fractions in the respective fertilized and unfertilized samples showed that the »superphosphate phosphorus» was mainly recovered as the fluoride soluble and alkali soluble forms, the relative amount of the latter being the lower the heavier the liming had been. Yet, even at about pH 7, from one fifth to one fourth of the applied phosphorus appeared to be sorbed by iron compounds and ocurred in the alkali soluble fraction. The sum of the proportions of easily soluble and fluoride soluble phosphorus increased with liming. The small parts of fertilizer phosphorus recovered in the acid soluble form did not depend on the rate of liming. Thus, even at pH 7, no significant turning of superphosphate phosphorus in difficultly soluble apatite like secondary calcium phosphates could be detected. The effect of liming on the availability of the fertilizer phosphorus and on the phosphate retention pattern of the soil, was discussed.

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    Agricultural and Food Science
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1967 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1967
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1967 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1967
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    Authors: Aila Vanhatalo;

    Preface

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2008
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    Article . 2013
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      Article . 2008
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      Article . 2013
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    Authors: Sancho Bañón; Mario Bedia; Elisabeth Almela; P. Martínez;

    The use of pork from rustic pig breeds was tested to improve the quality of dry-cured fermented sausages. The quality of a salchichon/salami-type sausage manufactured with pork from Chato Murciano breed (CM) and Early White pig (EW) (Large White ~ Landrace breed) was compared. CM pork improved several quality characteristics of dry-cured fermented sausage. Significant (p . 0.05) differences between mean CM and EW values were found for total lipids, ash, collagen, water activity, total acidity, CIELab colour, proteolysis, fat acidity, fatty acid profile, total viable counts, lactic acid bacteria, Micrococacceae, moulds and yeasts, colour, odour, flavour, fattiness and acceptance. CM mainly intensified the reddening of sausage cuts and increased monounsaturated acids in fat. Acceptance was also better for CM, although odour and flavour were only slightly improved. The production of high-quality specialities of dry-cured meat products can contribute to the sustainable production of CM and similar rustic pig breeds, maintaining the genetic diversity of pig species.;

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    Agricultural and Food Science; Journal.fi
    Article . 2008 . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2008
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      Agricultural and Food Science; Journal.fi
      Article . 2008 . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2008
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    Authors: Odd Arne Rognli;

    Northern marginal regions are very heterogeneous as regards environmental conditions for plant growth. Low temperature is the overriding feature of the environment in these regions. This paper discusses species aspects in relation to breeding for adaptation to northern marginal regions for the most important herbage species. The impact of natural selection and climatic adaptation on the herbage plant populations at the margin forms the basis for discussing breeding objectives for the various species in these regions. The differences between species native to these regions, e.g. Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, Deschampsia spp., and introduced species like Phleum pratense and Festuca pratensis, are emphasized. These differences include important characteristics like yield potential, seasonal distribution, quality and winter hardiness, the most important characteristic of adaptation to northern marginal regions. The influence of the course of the reproductive development on both total yield, harvest index and seasonal distribution is stressed, and particularly discussed for Phleum.

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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1988
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1988 . Peer-reviewed
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      DOAJ
      Article . 1988
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Matti Näsi;

    Leaf protein was extracted from different green crops in 11 pilot plant esperiments. Of the crops, 4 were grass, 6 clover and one pea. The extraction of juice was on average 55 % of the fresh weight of the green crop and the values for dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were 22.6 and 24.1 %. Clover gave better recoveries of protein than grass. In the leaf protein concentrate (LPC) obtained from the juice, the separation ratios for DM, CP and TP (true protein) were, respectively, 23.7 %, 48.0 and 80.7 %. Heating to 85°C gave more efficient recoveries of LPC than the combination of heating and acid precipitation. The average DM content of the pressed pulp was 30.4 %, the corresponding value for the whole crop being 16.5 %. Measured on a DM basis, the CP content of the pressed pulp was only 0.4 % units lower than in untreated forage, but the crude fibre content was 7.3 % units higher. In vitro organic matter digestibility and the pepsin-HCI solubility of crude protein were on average 5.1 and 5.5 % units lower in the pulp. The average DM of the plant juice was 6.5 % and contained 21.9 % ash, 21.5 % CP, 10.7 % TP and 29.9 % soluble sugars. Clover and pea had much higher values for CP and TP than grass. In the LPC preparations, CP and TP averaged 43.6 % and 38.5 % of DM. Heat treatment gave higher protein content than precipitation of LPC by combined heating and acidification. The in vitro digestibility and protein solubility of LPC were high, on average 85.6 % and 80.2 %. LPC had fairly high contents of lysine and methionine, 4.1 % and 1.6 g/16 g N. There were only small differences in the amino acid composition between grass and clover and between crops harvested at different growth stages. Green crop fractionation is a potential means of improving grassland production and utilization. Promising results have been obtained with plant juice and LPC fed to monogastric animals and pressed pulp residues in diets for ruminants. The economic aspects of fractionation remain to be evaluated.

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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article . 1983 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1983
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Agricultural and Food Science
    Article
    License: CC BY
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      Agricultural and Food Science
      Article . 1983 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1983
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      Agricultural and Food Science
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