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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: TÓTH, Viktória; WINKLER, Dániel;

    We investigated the responses of collembolan communities to pine afforestation in an area formerly characterized by a mosaic of autochthonous downy oak woodland and steppe meadows. Study sites were selected in mixed stands of black pine a nd Scots pine and control samples were taken from downy oak stands and open steppe meadows. A total of 1884 Collembola specimens belonging to 66 species were collected. Three species, namely Protaphorura pannonica (Onychiuridae), Tomocerus mixtus (Tomoceridae) and Isotoma caerulea (Isotomidae) proved to be new to the Hungarian fauna. There are typical Collembola communities which are specific to different habitat types where species of a given composition can only or predominantly be found in that habitat, as well as some basic common species which occur in every habitat. The highest species r ichness (41) was found in steppe meadows, considerably lower (34) in downy oak forests, reaching the lowes t value (25) in pine plantations. Although several forest species present in the oak woodland were completely missing from the pine forests, there was no significant difference between the Collembola diver sities of the two forest habitats. The difference b ecame more prominent in collembolan abundance which resulted in less than half of individuals/m 2 in pine plantations compared to the soils of downy oak fore sts, most likely due to the changed soil conditions , especially of humus characteristics, caused by the pine needle litter. Jaccard similarity measure indi cated approximately equal similarity (0.24-0.28) for pair ed comparison, suggesting that a relatively constan t 'basic Collembola community' determined by the soil type typical for the area is present; while dissim ilarity in communities between sites are partly provided by spatial heterogeneity of open and forest habitats and by the difference of the vegetation type. soil fauna / Collembola communities / xerophil habi tats / allochthonous pine forest Kivonat - Fenyvesites hatasa a Collembola diverzitasra a Szarhalmi-dombsag teruleten. Kutatasunkban a fenyvesites talajlako ugrovillas-ko zossegekre gyakorolt hatasat vizsgaltuk egy meszes talaju, egykoron molyhos tolgyes sztyeppret elhelymozaikkal jellemezhetteruleten. A talajmintakat vegyes erdeifenyves-feketefenyves all omanyokbol, valamint kontrollkentshonos molyhos tolgyesbl es sztyeppretrl gyjtottuk. A vizsgalat soran osszesen 66 faj 1884 egy ede kerult el�. Harom faj, a Protaphorura pannonica (Onychiuridae), a Tomocerus mixtus (Tomoceridae) es az Isotoma caerulea (Isotomidae) a hazai faunara nezve ujnak bizonyult . A vizsgalt elhelyek jellegzetes ugrovillas-kozossegekkel jellemezhetk, amelyek az adott elhelyre specifikus fajok mellett nehany kozos, mindegyik habitatban elfordulo fajt is tartalmaznak. A legnagyobb fajszamu (41) Collembola kozosseget a sztyeppreteken talaltuk, mig a molyhos tolgyesek fajgazdagsaga alacsonyabbnak (34) bizonyult. A legkevesebb fajt (25) a telepitett fen yvesekben gyjtottuk. Bar tobb, a tolgyesekben elkerult erdei faj hianyzott a feny �allomanyokbol, a ket erdei elhely ugrovillas-kozossegenek diverzitasa kozott nem mutatkozott szignifikans elt eres. A kozossegek osszabundanciajat illeten mar

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Acta Silvatica &...arrow_drop_down
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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2012
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Acta Silvatica &...arrow_drop_down
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: NOWINSZKY, László; PUSKÁS, János;

    The study deals the efficiency of light trapping of the Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha L.) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in connection with the ozone concentration of air. The data of the Hungarian forestry light trap network were used for the years 1997 through 2006. We calculated relative catch values of from the number of caught insects. We assigned these to the ozone values of the respective days. For the classified date pairs regression equations were calculated. We established that the light trapping is most effective if the ozone concentration is high. As opposed to this, low ozone concentration reduces the success of the catch. Our results may be utilized in plant protection and forest protection prognoses.

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2011
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ELTE Digital Institu...arrow_drop_down
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2011
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: MÁTYÁS, Csaba; BERKI, Imre; CZÚCZ, Bálint; GÁLOS, Borbála; +2 Authors

    The aim of this study is to provide quantitative information on the effect of climatic change on the growth and vitality of European beech: although the species is considered in its optimum highly plastic and adaptable, it becomes climate-sensitive closer to its xeric (lower) distribution limits. The future of beech in Southeast Europe requires special attention because this region harbours significant populations living at or near their xeric distribution boundary. Even though the low elevation occurrences are uniquely vulnerable to climatic shifts, observations and modelling studies pertaining to this region are particularly scarce. Out of climatic factors determining the xeric distributional limits for beech, Ellenberg’s drought index (EQ) appeared as the most influential. Growth response analyses in comparative tests have confirmed the existence of macroclimatic adaptation of beech and have proven that warming and more arid conditions lead to decline of growth and vitality, while no decline was observed if EQ changed in the opposite direction. The response to weather extremes was investigated in field plots. Recurrent summer droughts of 3 to 4 consecutive years, above mean EQ value 40-42 resulted in pest and disease attacks and mass mortality. The discussed approaches indicate consistently a high level of uncertainty regarding the future of beech at the xeric limit in Southeast Europe. According to field observations and bioclimatic data in Hungary, a large part of low-elevation beech forests presently in the zone of EQ index ≥20 might be threatened by the warming in the second half of the century, while higher-elevation occurrences may remain stable. The interpretation of the results bears some stipulations, such as the consequence of ecological and human interactions in influencing present distribution patterns, the unclear role of persistence, natural selection and plasticity and uncertainties of climate projections. Grim projections may probably be partly overwritten by the mentioned stipulations and by careful and prudent human support.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Acta Silvatica &...arrow_drop_down
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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2010
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Acta Silvatica &...arrow_drop_down
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2010
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    Authors: Misik, Tamás; Kárász, Imre; Tóthmérész, Béla;

    Abstract Structural changes in the shrub layer were analysed in a Hungarian oak forest after the oak decline pandemics. This paper focuses on the following questions: (1) which of the woody species tolerated better the forest conditions after oak decline? (2) What are the ecological factors that explain the successful response of woody species to changes in light and thermal conditions? In the monitoring plot, the structural condition of specimens only above 8.0 m was observed. After the appearance of oak decline some Acer campestre, Cornus mas and Acer tataricum specimens appeared that reached between 8.0-13.0 m in height. Significant differences were revealed between top canopy density and foliage cover of the subcanopy and between top canopy density and mean cover of field maple. The findings of the study indicate that the forest responded to oak decline with significant structural rearrangement in the shrub layer and that three woody species compensated for the remarkable foliage loss in the top canopy. These species formed a second crown layer directly below the canopy formed by oaks.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Acta Silvatica &...arrow_drop_down
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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: HÖHN, Mária; ÁBRÁN, Péter; VENDRAMIN, Giovanni Giuseppe;

    The diversity of Swiss stone pine populations (Pinus cembra subsp. cembra) native to the Carpathians was studied with chloroplast microsatellite markers (cpSSR). Six loci were analyzed in four populations (altogether 148 individuals) and a total number of 22 size variants and 41 combinations referred to as haplotypes were detected. Diversity within populations was found to be high, whereas divergence between the populations was low (Fst= 0.02). The most variable population with the highest haplotype diversity (H=0.956) originated from the Retezat Mountains (South Carpathians). Multi-stemmed individuals were detected mainly in the Southern part of the Calimani Mountains. They were found to be genetically non-homogenous. It is assumed that these clusters of individuals are the result of plants emerging from seed caches by birds. The great haplotypic variation found in cpSSR loci makes all the populations a useful source for gene conservation purposes. Each population should be considered an important element of the local ecosystem diversity.

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    Article . 2005
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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2005
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: PIECZKA, Ildikó; PONGRÁCZ, Rita; BARTHOLY, Judit;

    The present paper discusses the regional climate modeling experiments for the 21st century for the Carpathian Basin using the model PRECIS. The model PRECIS is a hydrostatic regional climate model with 25 km horizontal resolution developed at the UK Met Office, Hadley Centre. Simulated future changes – in mean climatic values, distributions and empirical probabilities – are analyzed for the period 2071–2100 (compared to 1961–1990, as a reference period). Significant warming is projected at 0.05 level for all of the A2, A1B, and B2 scenarios, the largest warming is estimated in summer. Not only the mean value is likely to change, but also the distribution of daily mean temperature. By the end of the century the annual precipitation in the Carpathian Basin is likely to decrease, and the annual distribution of monthly mean precipitation is expected to change. Significant drying is projected in the region in summer, while in winter the precipitation is estimated to increase.

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    Article . 2011
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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: MÁTYÁS, Csaba;

    Forest trees are especially vulnerable to climatic oscillations due to their long lifespan. Out of the possible mechanisms of acclimation and adaptation, natural selection and migration will play a subordinate role because of the relatively high speed of expected changes. Phenotypic plasticity retains on the other hand primary importance. Analysis of common garden experiments and of health monitoring data indicate that response across the distribution area will be differentiated. The lowlatitude, low elevation periphery is especially threatened, while growth in the northern part of ranges will accelerate (in case moisture conditions will remain favourable). Comparing the velocity of predicted changes and the constraints of the buffering mechanisms of species for adaptation, it is obvious that human interference will be essential for the maintenance of ecosystem stability. Forest genetic and ecology research results have to be synthesised to better elucidate the requirements of stability and response of forest ecosystems under predicted climatic conditions.

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Judit Kovács; Ferenc Lakatos; I. Szabó;

    The paper reports on the occurrence and impact o f Phytophthora species in a declining eastern black walnut ( Juglans nigra ) stand in West Hungary. The health condition of th e trees was investigated and soil samples were taken from the r hizosphere of the trees two times per year in 2011 and 2012 in order to isolate Phytophthora species. Altogether 20 trees were selected for inv estigations. The species identity of the isolates was determined by morphological and molecular methods. Phytophthora cactorum and Phytophthora plurivora were found as supposedly responsible for the decline of the trees. The abundance of the two spec ies was changing at the different sampling times, presumably due to the different weather conditions. The intraspecific diversity of both species was estimated based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of the isolates. eastern black walnut / Phytophthora cactorum / Phytophthora plurivora / tree decline

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: MÉSZÁROS, Ilona; KANALAS, Péter; FENYVESI, András; KIS, József; +6 Authors

    Using continuous monitoring of stem radius combined with sap flow measurements we assessed the effects of environmental conditions on tree radial growth and water status of two coexisting oak species (Quercus petraea and Quercus cerris) at high resolution time in growing seasons of 2008 and 2009. The forest (95–100 yr) is situated in a xeric site in the transition zone between forested and forest-steppe regions in north-eastern Hungary, Bükk mountains (47o90’N, 20o46’E, elevation 320–340 m a.s.l.). Weather conditions in the growing season of 2008 (total rainfall 354 mm, mean daily temperature 17.0 oC) was less extreme than in 2009 (total rainfall 299 mm, temperature 17.9 oC). Rainfall strongly determined the course of radial growth increment in trees. Radial growth of trees was limited in 2009 due to the drought in spring. The maximum radial increment of both species was achieved three weeks earlier (4th week of June) than in 2008 (4th week of July). We used dendrometer monitoring data for estimation of stem (tree) water deficit (∆W) by measuring water-related changes in stem radius (Zweifel et al. 2005). The magnitude of tree water deficit variation (∆W) was always smaller in Q. cerris than in Q. petraea. In contrast, Quercus cerris always exhibited larger daytime averages and maxima of sap flow density. In August of 2009 when drought became severe there were larger increases in tree water deficit (∆W) (50–55 %) in both species compared to July as it could be expected from the extent of decreases in sap flow density (24–28%). Our data suggested that due to the low SWC the transpiration was supported mainly from the inner water storage of trees during prolonged drought which resulted in high stem water deficit (∆W).

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Tóth, János Attila; Nagy, Péter Tamás; Krakomperger, Zsolt; Veres, Zsuzsa; +5 Authors

    In the DIRT (Detritus Input and Removal Treatment) field experiments established at the Síkfőkút Site (North Hungary) in October 2000, an experiment was initiated to study the long-term effects of litter quality and quantity on pH and nutrient content (organic carbon, N forms, PO4 3–, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) of soil in a Quercetum petraeae-cerris forest. An eight-year litter manipulation demonstrated a close connection between the changes in pH and Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentration. The decline of litter production, the decrease of the soil pH due to lower Mg2+ and Ca2+ input lead to consequent reduction of soil buffering capacity. The acidification interferes with the decomposition process of litter and humus compounds. Our results suggest decreases in organic matter content, total N, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in the soil as a consequence of decline in forest litter production induced by climate change and a resulting degradation of the soil over a longer period.

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: TÓTH, Viktória; WINKLER, Dániel;

    We investigated the responses of collembolan communities to pine afforestation in an area formerly characterized by a mosaic of autochthonous downy oak woodland and steppe meadows. Study sites were selected in mixed stands of black pine a nd Scots pine and control samples were taken from downy oak stands and open steppe meadows. A total of 1884 Collembola specimens belonging to 66 species were collected. Three species, namely Protaphorura pannonica (Onychiuridae), Tomocerus mixtus (Tomoceridae) and Isotoma caerulea (Isotomidae) proved to be new to the Hungarian fauna. There are typical Collembola communities which are specific to different habitat types where species of a given composition can only or predominantly be found in that habitat, as well as some basic common species which occur in every habitat. The highest species r ichness (41) was found in steppe meadows, considerably lower (34) in downy oak forests, reaching the lowes t value (25) in pine plantations. Although several forest species present in the oak woodland were completely missing from the pine forests, there was no significant difference between the Collembola diver sities of the two forest habitats. The difference b ecame more prominent in collembolan abundance which resulted in less than half of individuals/m 2 in pine plantations compared to the soils of downy oak fore sts, most likely due to the changed soil conditions , especially of humus characteristics, caused by the pine needle litter. Jaccard similarity measure indi cated approximately equal similarity (0.24-0.28) for pair ed comparison, suggesting that a relatively constan t 'basic Collembola community' determined by the soil type typical for the area is present; while dissim ilarity in communities between sites are partly provided by spatial heterogeneity of open and forest habitats and by the difference of the vegetation type. soil fauna / Collembola communities / xerophil habi tats / allochthonous pine forest Kivonat - Fenyvesites hatasa a Collembola diverzitasra a Szarhalmi-dombsag teruleten. Kutatasunkban a fenyvesites talajlako ugrovillas-ko zossegekre gyakorolt hatasat vizsgaltuk egy meszes talaju, egykoron molyhos tolgyes sztyeppret elhelymozaikkal jellemezhetteruleten. A talajmintakat vegyes erdeifenyves-feketefenyves all omanyokbol, valamint kontrollkentshonos molyhos tolgyesbl es sztyeppretrl gyjtottuk. A vizsgalat soran osszesen 66 faj 1884 egy ede kerult el�. Harom faj, a Protaphorura pannonica (Onychiuridae), a Tomocerus mixtus (Tomoceridae) es az Isotoma caerulea (Isotomidae) a hazai faunara nezve ujnak bizonyult . A vizsgalt elhelyek jellegzetes ugrovillas-kozossegekkel jellemezhetk, amelyek az adott elhelyre specifikus fajok mellett nehany kozos, mindegyik habitatban elfordulo fajt is tartalmaznak. A legnagyobb fajszamu (41) Collembola kozosseget a sztyeppreteken talaltuk, mig a molyhos tolgyesek fajgazdagsaga alacsonyabbnak (34) bizonyult. A legkevesebb fajt (25) a telepitett fen yvesekben gyjtottuk. Bar tobb, a tolgyesekben elkerult erdei faj hianyzott a feny �allomanyokbol, a ket erdei elhely ugrovillas-kozossegenek diverzitasa kozott nem mutatkozott szignifikans elt eres. A kozossegek osszabundanciajat illeten mar

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: NOWINSZKY, László; PUSKÁS, János;

    The study deals the efficiency of light trapping of the Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha L.) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in connection with the ozone concentration of air. The data of the Hungarian forestry light trap network were used for the years 1997 through 2006. We calculated relative catch values of from the number of caught insects. We assigned these to the ozone values of the respective days. For the classified date pairs regression equations were calculated. We established that the light trapping is most effective if the ozone concentration is high. As opposed to this, low ozone concentration reduces the success of the catch. Our results may be utilized in plant protection and forest protection prognoses.

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
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    Authors: MÁTYÁS, Csaba; BERKI, Imre; CZÚCZ, Bálint; GÁLOS, Borbála; +2 Authors

    The aim of this study is to provide quantitative information on the effect of climatic change on the growth and vitality of European beech: although the species is considered in its optimum highly plastic and adaptable, it becomes climate-sensitive closer to its xeric (lower) distribution limits. The future of beech in Southeast Europe requires special attention because this region harbours significant populations living at or near their xeric distribution boundary. Even though the low elevation occurrences are uniquely vulnerable to climatic shifts, observations and modelling studies pertaining to this region are particularly scarce. Out of climatic factors determining the xeric distributional limits for beech, Ellenberg’s drought index (EQ) appeared as the most influential. Growth response analyses in comparative tests have confirmed the existence of macroclimatic adaptation of beech and have proven that warming and more arid conditions lead to decline of growth and vitality, while no decline was observed if EQ changed in the opposite direction. The response to weather extremes was investigated in field plots. Recurrent summer droughts of 3 to 4 consecutive years, above mean EQ value 40-42 resulted in pest and disease attacks and mass mortality. The discussed approaches indicate consistently a high level of uncertainty regarding the future of beech at the xeric limit in Southeast Europe. According to field observations and bioclimatic data in Hungary, a large part of low-elevation beech forests presently in the zone of EQ index ≥20 might be threatened by the warming in the second half of the century, while higher-elevation occurrences may remain stable. The interpretation of the results bears some stipulations, such as the consequence of ecological and human interactions in influencing present distribution patterns, the unclear role of persistence, natural selection and plasticity and uncertainties of climate projections. Grim projections may probably be partly overwritten by the mentioned stipulations and by careful and prudent human support.

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
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    Authors: Misik, Tamás; Kárász, Imre; Tóthmérész, Béla;

    Abstract Structural changes in the shrub layer were analysed in a Hungarian oak forest after the oak decline pandemics. This paper focuses on the following questions: (1) which of the woody species tolerated better the forest conditions after oak decline? (2) What are the ecological factors that explain the successful response of woody species to changes in light and thermal conditions? In the monitoring plot, the structural condition of specimens only above 8.0 m was observed. After the appearance of oak decline some Acer campestre, Cornus mas and Acer tataricum specimens appeared that reached between 8.0-13.0 m in height. Significant differences were revealed between top canopy density and foliage cover of the subcanopy and between top canopy density and mean cover of field maple. The findings of the study indicate that the forest responded to oak decline with significant structural rearrangement in the shrub layer and that three woody species compensated for the remarkable foliage loss in the top canopy. These species formed a second crown layer directly below the canopy formed by oaks.

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
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    Authors: HÖHN, Mária; ÁBRÁN, Péter; VENDRAMIN, Giovanni Giuseppe;

    The diversity of Swiss stone pine populations (Pinus cembra subsp. cembra) native to the Carpathians was studied with chloroplast microsatellite markers (cpSSR). Six loci were analyzed in four populations (altogether 148 individuals) and a total number of 22 size variants and 41 combinations referred to as haplotypes were detected. Diversity within populations was found to be high, whereas divergence between the populations was low (Fst= 0.02). The most variable population with the highest haplotype diversity (H=0.956) originated from the Retezat Mountains (South Carpathians). Multi-stemmed individuals were detected mainly in the Southern part of the Calimani Mountains. They were found to be genetically non-homogenous. It is assumed that these clusters of individuals are the result of plants emerging from seed caches by birds. The great haplotypic variation found in cpSSR loci makes all the populations a useful source for gene conservation purposes. Each population should be considered an important element of the local ecosystem diversity.

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: PIECZKA, Ildikó; PONGRÁCZ, Rita; BARTHOLY, Judit;

    The present paper discusses the regional climate modeling experiments for the 21st century for the Carpathian Basin using the model PRECIS. The model PRECIS is a hydrostatic regional climate model with 25 km horizontal resolution developed at the UK Met Office, Hadley Centre. Simulated future changes – in mean climatic values, distributions and empirical probabilities – are analyzed for the period 2071–2100 (compared to 1961–1990, as a reference period). Significant warming is projected at 0.05 level for all of the A2, A1B, and B2 scenarios, the largest warming is estimated in summer. Not only the mean value is likely to change, but also the distribution of daily mean temperature. By the end of the century the annual precipitation in the Carpathian Basin is likely to decrease, and the annual distribution of monthly mean precipitation is expected to change. Significant drying is projected in the region in summer, while in winter the precipitation is estimated to increase.

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: MÁTYÁS, Csaba;

    Forest trees are especially vulnerable to climatic oscillations due to their long lifespan. Out of the possible mechanisms of acclimation and adaptation, natural selection and migration will play a subordinate role because of the relatively high speed of expected changes. Phenotypic plasticity retains on the other hand primary importance. Analysis of common garden experiments and of health monitoring data indicate that response across the distribution area will be differentiated. The lowlatitude, low elevation periphery is especially threatened, while growth in the northern part of ranges will accelerate (in case moisture conditions will remain favourable). Comparing the velocity of predicted changes and the constraints of the buffering mechanisms of species for adaptation, it is obvious that human interference will be essential for the maintenance of ecosystem stability. Forest genetic and ecology research results have to be synthesised to better elucidate the requirements of stability and response of forest ecosystems under predicted climatic conditions.

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Judit Kovács; Ferenc Lakatos; I. Szabó;

    The paper reports on the occurrence and impact o f Phytophthora species in a declining eastern black walnut ( Juglans nigra ) stand in West Hungary. The health condition of th e trees was investigated and soil samples were taken from the r hizosphere of the trees two times per year in 2011 and 2012 in order to isolate Phytophthora species. Altogether 20 trees were selected for inv estigations. The species identity of the isolates was determined by morphological and molecular methods. Phytophthora cactorum and Phytophthora plurivora were found as supposedly responsible for the decline of the trees. The abundance of the two spec ies was changing at the different sampling times, presumably due to the different weather conditions. The intraspecific diversity of both species was estimated based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of the isolates. eastern black walnut / Phytophthora cactorum / Phytophthora plurivora / tree decline

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: MÉSZÁROS, Ilona; KANALAS, Péter; FENYVESI, András; KIS, József; +6 Authors

    Using continuous monitoring of stem radius combined with sap flow measurements we assessed the effects of environmental conditions on tree radial growth and water status of two coexisting oak species (Quercus petraea and Quercus cerris) at high resolution time in growing seasons of 2008 and 2009. The forest (95–100 yr) is situated in a xeric site in the transition zone between forested and forest-steppe regions in north-eastern Hungary, Bükk mountains (47o90’N, 20o46’E, elevation 320–340 m a.s.l.). Weather conditions in the growing season of 2008 (total rainfall 354 mm, mean daily temperature 17.0 oC) was less extreme than in 2009 (total rainfall 299 mm, temperature 17.9 oC). Rainfall strongly determined the course of radial growth increment in trees. Radial growth of trees was limited in 2009 due to the drought in spring. The maximum radial increment of both species was achieved three weeks earlier (4th week of June) than in 2008 (4th week of July). We used dendrometer monitoring data for estimation of stem (tree) water deficit (∆W) by measuring water-related changes in stem radius (Zweifel et al. 2005). The magnitude of tree water deficit variation (∆W) was always smaller in Q. cerris than in Q. petraea. In contrast, Quercus cerris always exhibited larger daytime averages and maxima of sap flow density. In August of 2009 when drought became severe there were larger increases in tree water deficit (∆W) (50–55 %) in both species compared to July as it could be expected from the extent of decreases in sap flow density (24–28%). Our data suggested that due to the low SWC the transpiration was supported mainly from the inner water storage of trees during prolonged drought which resulted in high stem water deficit (∆W).

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    Article . 2011
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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC SA
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Tóth, János Attila; Nagy, Péter Tamás; Krakomperger, Zsolt; Veres, Zsuzsa; +5 Authors

    In the DIRT (Detritus Input and Removal Treatment) field experiments established at the Síkfőkút Site (North Hungary) in October 2000, an experiment was initiated to study the long-term effects of litter quality and quantity on pH and nutrient content (organic carbon, N forms, PO4 3–, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) of soil in a Quercetum petraeae-cerris forest. An eight-year litter manipulation demonstrated a close connection between the changes in pH and Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentration. The decline of litter production, the decrease of the soil pH due to lower Mg2+ and Ca2+ input lead to consequent reduction of soil buffering capacity. The acidification interferes with the decomposition process of litter and humus compounds. Our results suggest decreases in organic matter content, total N, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in the soil as a consequence of decline in forest litter production induced by climate change and a resulting degradation of the soil over a longer period.

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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