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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Olle, Margit;

    Saabunud / Received 05.08.2019 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 23.12.2019 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 25.12.2019 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Margit Olle e-mail: margit.olle@gmail.com Vermicomposting is described as "bioxidation and stabili zation of organic material involving the joint action of earthworms and mesophilic micro-organisms". Under appropriate conditions, worms eat agricultural waste and reduce the volume by 40 to 60%. Vermicompost produced by the activity of earthworms is rich in macro and micro nutrients, vitamins, growth hormones, enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipase, cellulase and chitinase and immobilized microflora. The enzymes continue to disintegrate organic matter even after they have been ejected from the worms. Reduced use of water for irrigation, reduced pest attack, reduced termite attack, reduced weed growth; faster rate of seed germination and rapid seedlings growth and development; greater numbers of fruits per plant (in vegetable crops) and greater numbers of seeds per year (in cereal crops) are only some of the beneficial effects of the vermicompost usage in agricultural production. Earthworms and vermicompost can boost horticultural production without agrochemicals. In spite of the benefits associated with vermicompost, its use is not widespread yet. This review attempts as increasing awareness of this local soil amendment.

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    EMU DSpace
    Article . 2019
    Data sources: EMU DSpace
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    https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.1...
    Article . 2019
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EMU DSpacearrow_drop_down
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      EMU DSpace
      Article . 2019
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      https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.1...
      Article . 2019
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Laarmann, Diana;

    A Thesis for applying for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry Doktoritöö käsitleb metsaökosüsteemide taastamist Eestis, hõlmates nii kaevandamisega rikutud alade taasmetsastamist kui ka loodusmetsade struktuurikomponentide tekitamist madala loodusväärtusega aladele ning aladele, kus loodusliku taastumise protsess on aeglane. Intensiivne metsade majandamine on põhjustanud metsade struktuuri ja liigilise koosseisu lihtsustumist ning muutnud looduslike häiringute dünaamikat. Metsi oskuslikult majandades saab vähendada majandamisvõtete negatiivset mõju elurikkusele ja säilitada metsaökosüsteemide looduslikke funktsioone. Samuti tuleks eelkõige kaitsealustes metsades jälgida ja taastada metsade looduslikku funktsionaalsust. Ökoloogilise taastamise eesmärk on kiirendada muudetud, rikutud või hävitatud ökosüsteemides loodusliku taastumise protsesse. Doktoritöös käsitletakse ja analüüsitakse metsade taastamise erinevaid aspekte ja komponente ning otsesteks eesmärkideks on: a) uurida puistute looduslikkuse indikaatoreid ning hinnata puistute looduslikkust, b) määrata puistus üksikpuu suremist mõjutavad faktorid, c) analüüsida looduslikkuse taastamise võtete mõju puistu dünaamikale ja elurikkusele, d) analüüsida kaevandamisjärgsel taasmetsastamisel tekkinud ökosüsteemi. Püstitatud eesmärkide täitmiseks viidi läbi välitööd kokku 640 püsiproovitükil. Doktoritöös leiti, et surnud puidu kogus, surnud puude ruumiline paiknemine puistus, samuti suremise kiirus ja põhjused on tihedas seoses puistu looduslikkusega. Surnud puidu maht looduslikus seisundis ja majandatud metsas erinevad üksteisest oluliselt. Puude suremise hindamine võimaldab paremini aru saada metsaökosüsteemi struktuurist ja seal toimivatest protsessidest. Puu ellujäämine sõltub puu suhtelisest suurusest puistus ning puude suremise põhjused erinevat tüüpi puistutes on erinevad. Suremise põhjuste mitmekesisus on suurem looduslikus seisundis puistutes ning samuti on surnud puude paiknemine sellises puistus rohkem hajutatud. Töös väljatöötatud indeksid pakuvad võimalusi paremini hinnata puistu looduslikkust ja seejuures eristada puistus toimunud hiljutisi häiringuid. Looduslikkuse taastamise võtted olid läbi viidud ühetaolistes keskealistes okaspuupuistutes, kus peale taastamisvõtete tegemist puistustruktuur mitmekesistus, näiteks surnud puidu maht suurenes lagupuidu tekitamise võtte korral kuni 67 m3 ha-1. Loodusliku uuenduse arvukus oli kõrgeim pindalalt suuremas häilus ning ülepõletatud häilu korral. Taastamisvõtted avaldasid erinevatele liigirühmadele erinevat mõju: rohttaimede mitmekesisus suurenes enim ülepõletatud häilu korral, sammalde mitmekesisus lagupuidu tekitamise korral, samblike mitmekesisus suurenes enim häilu tekitamisel, ülepõletatud häilu korral mitmekesisus aga vähenes. Kontrollaladest eristus kõige rohkem rohttaimede, sammalde ja samblike puhul häilu ülepõletamise võte. Mardikaliste suurenenud arvukus ja liigiline mitmekesisus on puistu valgustingimuste muutuse ning elupaikade lisandumise otsene tulemus. Võrreldes ühe taastamisvõtte rakendamisega suurendab erinevate taastamisvõtete üheaegne kasutamine puistu heterogeensust ja tänu sellele suureneb ka elurikkus. Kaevandamisjärgse taasmetsastamise eesmärk on taastada ökosüsteemide kaevandamiseelne olukord. Üldjuhul on võimatu taastada minevikus olnud seisundit, sest kaevandamisega on kasvupinnast täielikult muudetud ning tihtipeale areneb seal välja hoopis uudne ökosüsteem. Taastamisedukuse hindamine põhineb mullanäitajate dünaamika, liigilise mitmekesisuse, taimkatte struktuuri ja ökoloogiliste protsesside uurimisel. Endise kaevandamisala mullad erinesid tüüpilistest metsamuldadest ja seetõttu on seal taimestiku arenguks tekkinud teistsugused tingimused. Samuti erinesid sealsed taimekooslused tüüpilistest metsas esinevatest kooslustest. Puistu takseernäitajad olid sarnaseimad sinilille kasvukohatüübi puistute takseernäitajatega. Ala looduslikule arengule jätmine võib taastamisel olla oluline alternatiiv metsaistutamisele, eriti juhul, kui rikutud ala on väike ja ümbritsetud loodusliku taimkattega ning kui alale pole määratud soovitavat eesmärki ning taastumise tähtaega. This thesis synthesizes several studies of forest ecosystem restoration in Estonia, including afforestation on abandoned oil-shale mining areas and initiating natural processes and fostering natural structures and species composition. Silvicultural systems for timber production have caused changes in ecosystem structure and function associated with anthropogenic alterations of natural disturbance regimes. Increasingly, forest management is based on understanding of processes of natural disturbances, their effects for stand and landscape composition and structure, considering that this enables managers to reduce the negative impacts of timber harvest on biodiversity and thereafter maintain ecological functions. Restoration is activity which can improve conservation efforts in protected areas in order to enhance quality and quantity, to improve connectivity between fragmented areas and create buffer zones between protected and managed forest areas. The objective of ecological restoration is to re-create a self-supporting ecosystem which existed previously and is resilient to contingent damage and to maintain the system in a desirable state or moving away from an undesirable state. The aims of the thesis are: a) to develop naturalness and structural indicators in forest ecosystems; b) to analyze the effects of restoration treatments for biodiversity and stand development in managed forest ecosystems; c) to analyze the success of reclamation on post-mining restoration site; d) to determine factors influencing tree survival/mortality in forest stands. This thesis based on 640 permanent sample plots all over Estonia. Based on the results of this thesis, deadwood quantity and spatial distribution as well as tree mortality rate and causes are reliable indicators of forest naturalness. Deadwood mingling index and diversity index of mortality reasons as new proposed variables improve the assessment of forest naturalness and clarify the effects of recent disturbances. Tree mortality in a stand is caused by specific agents or by the complex effect of several mortality agents and it is different in semi-natural and managed forest. Determining the cause for a tree death is often difficult; therefore it is sensible to use a process-based multiple-reason method for determining the factors of mortality for a single tree. Survival probability of a tree is dependent on the specific mortality agent and relative size of the tree in a stand. Restoration pre-treatment stands are often homogeneous even-aged monocultures on fertile sites; rehabilitation treatments (gap cuttings, overburning and addition of deadwood) increase their structural heterogeneity and promote differentiation of microclimatic conditions and therefore species richness and abundance increase after treatments. In a gap treatment, the ratio between the gap diameter and the surrounding stand height determines the light availability inside the gap; the larger this ratio is, the greater likelihood of seedling recruitment and successful establishment of light demanding species. Species groups respond differently to treatments: understory vegetation diversity increases in gaps with burning, lichen diversity in gaps without burning, and bryophyte diversity with the addition of dead wood. Increased beetle abundance and greater species diversity is a direct effect of changed light conditions inside the canopy. Gaps with overburning have the greatest recruitment of tree seedlings. Multiple treatments create stand heterogeneity and can increase biodiversity more than one homogenous application of a single treatment. It is not possible to restore historical or natural ecosystems on reclaimed mined areas by simple afforestation. Soil formation and properties and the vegetation on reclaimed sites is different from soils and vegetation on common forest sites, hence this leads to development of novel ecosystems. Spontaneous succession should be considered in forest restoration as an alternative to afforestation practice, especially if reclamation sites are small, surrounded by natural vegetation, and there is no specific production goal or time limit for restoration.

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    EMU DSpace
    Thesis . 2014
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    https://doi.org/10.15159/emu.2...
    Doctoral thesis . 2014
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      Thesis . 2014
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      https://doi.org/10.15159/emu.2...
      Doctoral thesis . 2014
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    Authors: Sørensen, Sune Lundø; Kjærgaard, Mikkel Baun;

    Maintaining a world model is important forplanning mobile manipulation tasks. The process of maintainingthe correspondence between objects in the world model(symbols) and perceptual data relating to the same physicalobjects is called perceptual anchoring. Many approachesperform anchoring using robot-mounted sensors, while othersinstrument the environment with stationary sensors to exploitthe mobility of the robot and the high visual coverage of thestationary sensors. However, many of the latter works usecustom sensors or make assumptions which are not applicablein real-world scenarios. We propose that the way towardsworld modeling in real-world scenarios is by using off-the-shelfcommercially available sensors. In this paper, we compare thisapproach to existing world modeling works and discuss thechallenges that lie ahead.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mamnoie, Ebrahim; Karaminejad, Mohammad Reza; Aliverdi, Akbar; Moeini, Minbashi Moein;

    Saabunud / Received 29.01.2022 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 28.04.2022 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 28.04.2022 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding authors: Ebrahim Mamnoie, Akbar Aliverdi ; e.mamnoie@areeo.ac.ir, a.aliverdi@basu.ac.ir In a field experiment, the efficacy of the newly released pre-mixed herbicide, Joystick®, in comparison with other pre-mixed herbicides was evaluated in winter wheat, Iran. The treatments included: weedy check, weed-free check (hand-weeded), Bromicide®MA at 600 g a.i. ha–1 + Axial® at 60 g a.i. ha–1 , Othello® at 96 g a.i. ha–1 , Axial One® at 55, 65, 75, and 85 g a.i. ha–1 , Joystick® at 80, 94, and 108 g a.i. ha–1 . The latter three treatments mentioned were applied with and without non-ionic surfactant Citogate® at 0.1% v v–1 . The results revealed that all treatments significantly decreased the density and dry biomass of each weed species and increased the grain yield and biological yield of wheat. The highest performing treatment was Bromicide®MA + Axial®, followed by Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate®. The application of Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate® decreased the biomass of Malva neglecta, Lolium rigidum, Hirschfeldia incana, Centaurea pallescens, Veronica persica, and Carthamus oxyacantha up to 96.2, 78.1, 100, 91.0, 91.0, and 96.1%; respectively; with an 88% reduction in total weed dry biomass. Because of Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate® activity against weed species, the grain and biological yields of wheat improved up to 28% as compared to weedy check treatment.

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    Article . 2022
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    EMU DSpace
    Article . 2022
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    https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.2...
    Article . 2022
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      Article . 2022
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    Authors: Lazuka, Volha; Bengtsson, Tommy; Svensson, Patrick;

    Enclosures enforced private property rights at the onset of industrialization, yet numerous estimations of the enclosures' effects on production and productivity rely on non- experimental designs. We estimate the causal effects of enclosure reforms applying state- of-the-art difference-in-differences and event-study methods to a large panel of farms observed between 1781 and 1865 in Sweden. Our results demonstrate that enclosures led to a 3.4 percent annual growth in land productivity in the first decade and overall production increase reached 82 percent after 30 years. Such results are much larger than previous estimates, suggesting that land enclosures were a prerequisite for modern economic growth.

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    Research . 2023
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    Research . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Julia Poberezhets; Roman Chudak; Ihor Kupchuk; Vitalii Yaropud; +1 Authors

    Saabunud / Received 05.03.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 23.10.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 23.10.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Ihor Kupchuk kupchuk.igor@i.ua The aim of the research was to investigate feed nutrient digestion and slaughter indicators of broiler chickens fed a probiotic supplement based on lactic acid bacteria. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Four groups of one-day-old broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross were selected by the method of analogous groups, each group contained 50 birds. Broilers were kept in group cages considering all zoohygienic requirements. The control group consumed a basic diet (BD), i.e., a complete feed. The experimental groups were additionally fed different doses of a probiotic supplement (by percentage mass of feed). The broiler chickens fed the probiotic supplement had increased digestibility of dry matter, protein, fibre and nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) compared with the control group. The application of probiotic supplement in broiler feeding increases the availability of essential amino acids, i.e. lysine, histidine, arginine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine compared with the control. The absorption of Ca, P, Mg, and Mn increased with the probiotic supplement. The probiotic supplement application in the diet of broiler chickens increased the pre-slaughter live weight by 16.7%, the un-gutted body weight by 15.0% and gutted body weight by 17.3%. Probiotic supplement had a positive effect on the digestibility of feed nutrients, increased the absorption of amino acids and minerals in the body broiler chickens.

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    https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.2...
    Article . 2021
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      https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.2...
      Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Komarov, Аndrei; Naida, Nadezhda; Nugis, Edvin;

    Saabunud / Received 02.10.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 21.11.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 21.11.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Edvin Nugis edvin.nugis@mail.ee The aim of this paper is to present the use of mathematical model for an assessment of seed germination on the example of a genus Dracocephalum L. based on logistic function. An assessment of the quality of seeds and their species specificity was carried out. For this the method of a mathematical model of seed germination and the "Origin Pro" application package was used. The objects of research were samples of species Dracocephalum L. of different geographical origin from the collection of the I.N. Vavilov named All-Russian Crop Research Institute (VIR). Morphometric parameters of seeds of the studied species of the genus Dracocephalum L. were identified, which were divided into two groups. The first group with small seeds (2.7–3.0 mm long and 1.6–2.0 mm wide) included varieties of the species D. moldavica, and the second group – with very small seeds (2.0 mm in length and 1.0 mm wide) of D. multicaule and D. nutans. To assess the quality of seeds, we used both standard static indicators for germination, germination energy and seed vigour which are also assessed by both known the Grodzinsky bio test, and new ones based on dynamic parameters for evaluating seed germination. The dynamic model presented in the work reproduces changes in the initial phase of plant growth through the dynamics of seed germination. That is, the change in the state of a living object in motion in this model. When processing the results, a logistic function was applied that reflects the dynamics of change or accumulation of quantitative signs with the transition to new qualitative indicators. It was revealed that the shortest germination time of half of the maximum number of germinated seeds (intensity of germination) equal to 44.0 hours had the sample K-6 ('Aroma-2'). This indicates vigourous and friendly germination of the seeds of this variety. For sample K-7 ('Aroma-2'), this figure is 60 hours and, therefore, the germination rate is less than that for K-6. Similar in these parameters and the intensity of germination in the sample K-8 'Zeya' equal to 53 hours. Sample K-10 ('Arhat') was characterized by a relatively high germination rate, intensity of germination equal to 46 hours. Samples at 32 (D. nutans) and at 20 (D. multicaule) had approximately the same intensity of germination was equal to 61 and 54 hours, respectively. As a result, comparing the similarly different age characteristics of the seed material, a certain species and variety specificity in the dynamics of growth processes in the seeds of various types of snake head was revealed. The novelty of these studies was the search for new patterns and phenomena in assessing the quality of seeds and their species specificity.

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    https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.2...
    Article . 2021
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      https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.2...
      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Kokin, Eugen; Pennar, Madis; Palge, Veli; Jürjenson, Kuno;

    Article The aim of the study was to define the strawberry leaf surface and ambient air temperature differences in night frost conditions. The study was carried out at the commercial strawberry field in late autumn at a specific natural climatic situation, corresponding to night frost conditions. Thermal camera FLIR P660 was used for obtaining thermal images and corresponding visual colour images of the strawberry leaves. The images were taken at ten-minute interval. The ambient air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, solar radiation and wind speed data were obtained by Davis Vantage Pro2 weather station. It was estimated that the surface temperature of the specific leaf is comparatively similar at different parts of the specimen and changes noticeably with the variation of solar radiation intensity. The speed of temperature changes was also analysed. During all the measurement period, the considerable difference between the temperature of the leaf and the ambient air temperature was established, especially in absence of solar radiation. The difference of the leaf surface and ambient air temperature reached 8 °C. The study showed that in night frost conditions the plants might be endangered by low temperatures even at the air temperatures above 0 °C due to intensive energy loss by long wave radiation to the sky. It is suggested that the thermal imaging or infrared radiation measurement should be used simultaneously with air temperature measurements for more exact timing of night frost prevention measures at strawberry cultivation. http://dx.doi.org/10.15159/ar.18.010

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    Article . 2018
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    Authors: Enn, Anni; Merisalu, Eda;

    Article The risk of dying in a work-related accident is greatest for those employed in agricultural sector. The aim of this study is to analyse the dynamics of work accidents (WA) incidence by severity, gender and lost workdays in Estonian agriculture in 2008–2017. Method: The database of accidents in agriculture (2008–2017) was obtained from the Estonian Labour Inspectorate (ELI). Work accidents statistics is based on official reports of employers. Results: In total 1,683 non-fatal work accidents (NFA) was registered in the past decade, from which 1,235 (79.3%) were minor and 448 (20.7%) severe. In total 13 fatal work accidents (FA) have occurred, which accounts 0.8% of all the WAs (n = 1,696). Although the trends of minor and severe WA cases showed steady increase, the number of FA has remained low. A major part WAs (74%) was registered in farming and horticulture, with prevalence of minor accidents. A severe WA is likely to occur in forestry or very likely in fishery. The proportion of injured male and female was 51.8% and 48.2%, accordingly. In the farming and horticulture sector there were more accidents among women – of all the minor accidents (n = 1,235) 52.1% occurred to women. Of all the severe WAs (n = 448) 61.2% and all the fatal work accidents happened to male workers. About 2/3 of severe WAs caused sick leave 31–90 days and more. Conclusion: The number of WAs in Estonian agricultural sector show steady increase in the past decade. A major part of accidents is minor and mostly occurred in farming and horticulture, and more often with females. Severe and FAs more often occurred in forestry and fishery. Mostly the severe WAs cause long sick leave – a month or more. When to increase work accidents severity level by one step (from minor to severe), the sick leave is increasing significantly.

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    Article . 2019
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    https://doi.org/10.15159/ar.19...
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    Authors: Tooming, Ene;

    A Thesis for applying for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture Sublethal effects of pesticides on behavioural endpoints are poorly investigated in nontargeted beneficial arthropod predators important as nartural enemies of many agricultural pests. In this ecotoxicological study, deleterious short- long-term effects of neurotoxic pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides on various basic behaviours of the predatory carabid Platynus assimilis Paykull (Coleoptera, Carabidae) were quantified over a broad range of sublethal concentrations and doses in controlled laboratory conditions. It appeared that low doses of alpha-cypermethrin and thiamethoxam may cause a number of substantial short- and long-term abnormalities in many basic behaviours such as locomotor activity (LA), general motor activity (GMA), clean food consumption rate (CFCR) and behavioural thermoregulation of carabids. The observed sublethal behavioural biases may lead to deterioration of ecological fitness and population dynamics of the beetles in agricultural lands where these chemicals are applied. For the first time in predatory arthropods, it was was demonstrated that in addition to locomotion, other important behavioural endpoints such GMA, CFCR and behavioural thermoregulation may serve as sensitive, valuable and easily quantifiable ecotoxicological biomarkers mirroring different rates and aspects of toxic stress. The observed remarkable declines in CFCR and efficiency for behavioural thermoregulation of the beetles exposed to sublethal doses of alpha-cypermethrin and thiamethoxam may directly worsen performance of the carabids as natural enemies of pest insects in the insecticide treated fields. Thus, the results of this study may have importance in integrated pest management programs promoting reduced insecticide use and encouraging natural pest control mechanisms wherever possible. The results of this PhD thesis are published in three papers. Ehkki röövtoidulistel lülijalgsetel on põllumajandusmaastikel tähtis roll taimekahjurite arvukuse vähendamisel, on insektitsiidide madalate dooside kõrvalmõjusid nende käitumisele seni vähe uuritud. Käesolevas doktoritöös mõõdeti esmakordselt neurotoksilise püretroidse ja neonikotinoidse insektitsiidi lühi- ja pikaajalisi mõjusid röövtoidulise süsi-ketasjooksiku (Platynus assimilis, Coleoptera: Carabidae) erinevatele põhikäitumistele. Mardikaid töödeldi preparaatide Fastac 50EC® (toimeaine alfa-tsüpermetriin) ja Actara 25WG® (toimeaine tiametoksaam) erinevate subletaalsete kontsentratsioonide ja doosidega kontrollitud laboritingimustes. Katsed näitasid, et jooksiklased on töös testitud insektitsiidide suhtes ülimalt tundlikud. Isegi väga madalad doosid põhjustasid mitmeid olulisi lühi- ja pikaajalisi negatiivseid kõrvalekaldeid mardikate põhikäitumistes. Täheldati märkimisväärset langust mardikate puhta toidu tarbimismääras ning käitumusliku termoregulatsiooni võimes, mis põllumajandusmaastikel võivad otseselt halvendada nende kasulike putukate ökoloogilist kohasust, populatsiooni dünaamikat ja biotõrje efektiivsust. Esmakordselt demonstreeriti, et putukate põhikäitumised nagu üldmotoorne aktiivsus, käitumuslik termoregulatsioon ja puhta toidu tarbimismäär on tundlikud, väärtuslikud ja kergesti mõõdetavad ökotoksikoloogilised biomarkerid, mis lisaks lokomotsioonile aitavad hinnata röövtoiduliste jooksiklaste toksilise stressi erinevaid tasemeid ja aspekte. Saadud tulemusi tuleks kindlasti arvestada integreeritud taimekaitse programmide väljatöötamisel, mis soodustavad kultuurtaimede töötlemist insektitsiidide vähendatud doosidega ja taimekahjurite looduslike vaenlaste maksimaalset ärakasutamist, kus iganes võimalik. Antud doktoritöö tulemused avaldati kolmes teadusartiklis. Publication of this thesis is supported by the Estonian University of Life Sciences, Chair of Plant Health

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      https://doi.org/10.15159/emu.2...
      Doctoral thesis . 2017
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Olle, Margit;

    Saabunud / Received 05.08.2019 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 23.12.2019 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 25.12.2019 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Margit Olle e-mail: margit.olle@gmail.com Vermicomposting is described as "bioxidation and stabili zation of organic material involving the joint action of earthworms and mesophilic micro-organisms". Under appropriate conditions, worms eat agricultural waste and reduce the volume by 40 to 60%. Vermicompost produced by the activity of earthworms is rich in macro and micro nutrients, vitamins, growth hormones, enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipase, cellulase and chitinase and immobilized microflora. The enzymes continue to disintegrate organic matter even after they have been ejected from the worms. Reduced use of water for irrigation, reduced pest attack, reduced termite attack, reduced weed growth; faster rate of seed germination and rapid seedlings growth and development; greater numbers of fruits per plant (in vegetable crops) and greater numbers of seeds per year (in cereal crops) are only some of the beneficial effects of the vermicompost usage in agricultural production. Earthworms and vermicompost can boost horticultural production without agrochemicals. In spite of the benefits associated with vermicompost, its use is not widespread yet. This review attempts as increasing awareness of this local soil amendment.

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    Article . 2019
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    https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.1...
    Article . 2019
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      https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.1...
      Article . 2019
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    Authors: Laarmann, Diana;

    A Thesis for applying for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry Doktoritöö käsitleb metsaökosüsteemide taastamist Eestis, hõlmates nii kaevandamisega rikutud alade taasmetsastamist kui ka loodusmetsade struktuurikomponentide tekitamist madala loodusväärtusega aladele ning aladele, kus loodusliku taastumise protsess on aeglane. Intensiivne metsade majandamine on põhjustanud metsade struktuuri ja liigilise koosseisu lihtsustumist ning muutnud looduslike häiringute dünaamikat. Metsi oskuslikult majandades saab vähendada majandamisvõtete negatiivset mõju elurikkusele ja säilitada metsaökosüsteemide looduslikke funktsioone. Samuti tuleks eelkõige kaitsealustes metsades jälgida ja taastada metsade looduslikku funktsionaalsust. Ökoloogilise taastamise eesmärk on kiirendada muudetud, rikutud või hävitatud ökosüsteemides loodusliku taastumise protsesse. Doktoritöös käsitletakse ja analüüsitakse metsade taastamise erinevaid aspekte ja komponente ning otsesteks eesmärkideks on: a) uurida puistute looduslikkuse indikaatoreid ning hinnata puistute looduslikkust, b) määrata puistus üksikpuu suremist mõjutavad faktorid, c) analüüsida looduslikkuse taastamise võtete mõju puistu dünaamikale ja elurikkusele, d) analüüsida kaevandamisjärgsel taasmetsastamisel tekkinud ökosüsteemi. Püstitatud eesmärkide täitmiseks viidi läbi välitööd kokku 640 püsiproovitükil. Doktoritöös leiti, et surnud puidu kogus, surnud puude ruumiline paiknemine puistus, samuti suremise kiirus ja põhjused on tihedas seoses puistu looduslikkusega. Surnud puidu maht looduslikus seisundis ja majandatud metsas erinevad üksteisest oluliselt. Puude suremise hindamine võimaldab paremini aru saada metsaökosüsteemi struktuurist ja seal toimivatest protsessidest. Puu ellujäämine sõltub puu suhtelisest suurusest puistus ning puude suremise põhjused erinevat tüüpi puistutes on erinevad. Suremise põhjuste mitmekesisus on suurem looduslikus seisundis puistutes ning samuti on surnud puude paiknemine sellises puistus rohkem hajutatud. Töös väljatöötatud indeksid pakuvad võimalusi paremini hinnata puistu looduslikkust ja seejuures eristada puistus toimunud hiljutisi häiringuid. Looduslikkuse taastamise võtted olid läbi viidud ühetaolistes keskealistes okaspuupuistutes, kus peale taastamisvõtete tegemist puistustruktuur mitmekesistus, näiteks surnud puidu maht suurenes lagupuidu tekitamise võtte korral kuni 67 m3 ha-1. Loodusliku uuenduse arvukus oli kõrgeim pindalalt suuremas häilus ning ülepõletatud häilu korral. Taastamisvõtted avaldasid erinevatele liigirühmadele erinevat mõju: rohttaimede mitmekesisus suurenes enim ülepõletatud häilu korral, sammalde mitmekesisus lagupuidu tekitamise korral, samblike mitmekesisus suurenes enim häilu tekitamisel, ülepõletatud häilu korral mitmekesisus aga vähenes. Kontrollaladest eristus kõige rohkem rohttaimede, sammalde ja samblike puhul häilu ülepõletamise võte. Mardikaliste suurenenud arvukus ja liigiline mitmekesisus on puistu valgustingimuste muutuse ning elupaikade lisandumise otsene tulemus. Võrreldes ühe taastamisvõtte rakendamisega suurendab erinevate taastamisvõtete üheaegne kasutamine puistu heterogeensust ja tänu sellele suureneb ka elurikkus. Kaevandamisjärgse taasmetsastamise eesmärk on taastada ökosüsteemide kaevandamiseelne olukord. Üldjuhul on võimatu taastada minevikus olnud seisundit, sest kaevandamisega on kasvupinnast täielikult muudetud ning tihtipeale areneb seal välja hoopis uudne ökosüsteem. Taastamisedukuse hindamine põhineb mullanäitajate dünaamika, liigilise mitmekesisuse, taimkatte struktuuri ja ökoloogiliste protsesside uurimisel. Endise kaevandamisala mullad erinesid tüüpilistest metsamuldadest ja seetõttu on seal taimestiku arenguks tekkinud teistsugused tingimused. Samuti erinesid sealsed taimekooslused tüüpilistest metsas esinevatest kooslustest. Puistu takseernäitajad olid sarnaseimad sinilille kasvukohatüübi puistute takseernäitajatega. Ala looduslikule arengule jätmine võib taastamisel olla oluline alternatiiv metsaistutamisele, eriti juhul, kui rikutud ala on väike ja ümbritsetud loodusliku taimkattega ning kui alale pole määratud soovitavat eesmärki ning taastumise tähtaega. This thesis synthesizes several studies of forest ecosystem restoration in Estonia, including afforestation on abandoned oil-shale mining areas and initiating natural processes and fostering natural structures and species composition. Silvicultural systems for timber production have caused changes in ecosystem structure and function associated with anthropogenic alterations of natural disturbance regimes. Increasingly, forest management is based on understanding of processes of natural disturbances, their effects for stand and landscape composition and structure, considering that this enables managers to reduce the negative impacts of timber harvest on biodiversity and thereafter maintain ecological functions. Restoration is activity which can improve conservation efforts in protected areas in order to enhance quality and quantity, to improve connectivity between fragmented areas and create buffer zones between protected and managed forest areas. The objective of ecological restoration is to re-create a self-supporting ecosystem which existed previously and is resilient to contingent damage and to maintain the system in a desirable state or moving away from an undesirable state. The aims of the thesis are: a) to develop naturalness and structural indicators in forest ecosystems; b) to analyze the effects of restoration treatments for biodiversity and stand development in managed forest ecosystems; c) to analyze the success of reclamation on post-mining restoration site; d) to determine factors influencing tree survival/mortality in forest stands. This thesis based on 640 permanent sample plots all over Estonia. Based on the results of this thesis, deadwood quantity and spatial distribution as well as tree mortality rate and causes are reliable indicators of forest naturalness. Deadwood mingling index and diversity index of mortality reasons as new proposed variables improve the assessment of forest naturalness and clarify the effects of recent disturbances. Tree mortality in a stand is caused by specific agents or by the complex effect of several mortality agents and it is different in semi-natural and managed forest. Determining the cause for a tree death is often difficult; therefore it is sensible to use a process-based multiple-reason method for determining the factors of mortality for a single tree. Survival probability of a tree is dependent on the specific mortality agent and relative size of the tree in a stand. Restoration pre-treatment stands are often homogeneous even-aged monocultures on fertile sites; rehabilitation treatments (gap cuttings, overburning and addition of deadwood) increase their structural heterogeneity and promote differentiation of microclimatic conditions and therefore species richness and abundance increase after treatments. In a gap treatment, the ratio between the gap diameter and the surrounding stand height determines the light availability inside the gap; the larger this ratio is, the greater likelihood of seedling recruitment and successful establishment of light demanding species. Species groups respond differently to treatments: understory vegetation diversity increases in gaps with burning, lichen diversity in gaps without burning, and bryophyte diversity with the addition of dead wood. Increased beetle abundance and greater species diversity is a direct effect of changed light conditions inside the canopy. Gaps with overburning have the greatest recruitment of tree seedlings. Multiple treatments create stand heterogeneity and can increase biodiversity more than one homogenous application of a single treatment. It is not possible to restore historical or natural ecosystems on reclaimed mined areas by simple afforestation. Soil formation and properties and the vegetation on reclaimed sites is different from soils and vegetation on common forest sites, hence this leads to development of novel ecosystems. Spontaneous succession should be considered in forest restoration as an alternative to afforestation practice, especially if reclamation sites are small, surrounded by natural vegetation, and there is no specific production goal or time limit for restoration.

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    https://doi.org/10.15159/emu.2...
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    Authors: Sørensen, Sune Lundø; Kjærgaard, Mikkel Baun;

    Maintaining a world model is important forplanning mobile manipulation tasks. The process of maintainingthe correspondence between objects in the world model(symbols) and perceptual data relating to the same physicalobjects is called perceptual anchoring. Many approachesperform anchoring using robot-mounted sensors, while othersinstrument the environment with stationary sensors to exploitthe mobility of the robot and the high visual coverage of thestationary sensors. However, many of the latter works usecustom sensors or make assumptions which are not applicablein real-world scenarios. We propose that the way towardsworld modeling in real-world scenarios is by using off-the-shelfcommercially available sensors. In this paper, we compare thisapproach to existing world modeling works and discuss thechallenges that lie ahead.

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    Authors: Mamnoie, Ebrahim; Karaminejad, Mohammad Reza; Aliverdi, Akbar; Moeini, Minbashi Moein;

    Saabunud / Received 29.01.2022 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 28.04.2022 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 28.04.2022 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding authors: Ebrahim Mamnoie, Akbar Aliverdi ; e.mamnoie@areeo.ac.ir, a.aliverdi@basu.ac.ir In a field experiment, the efficacy of the newly released pre-mixed herbicide, Joystick®, in comparison with other pre-mixed herbicides was evaluated in winter wheat, Iran. The treatments included: weedy check, weed-free check (hand-weeded), Bromicide®MA at 600 g a.i. ha–1 + Axial® at 60 g a.i. ha–1 , Othello® at 96 g a.i. ha–1 , Axial One® at 55, 65, 75, and 85 g a.i. ha–1 , Joystick® at 80, 94, and 108 g a.i. ha–1 . The latter three treatments mentioned were applied with and without non-ionic surfactant Citogate® at 0.1% v v–1 . The results revealed that all treatments significantly decreased the density and dry biomass of each weed species and increased the grain yield and biological yield of wheat. The highest performing treatment was Bromicide®MA + Axial®, followed by Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate®. The application of Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate® decreased the biomass of Malva neglecta, Lolium rigidum, Hirschfeldia incana, Centaurea pallescens, Veronica persica, and Carthamus oxyacantha up to 96.2, 78.1, 100, 91.0, 91.0, and 96.1%; respectively; with an 88% reduction in total weed dry biomass. Because of Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate® activity against weed species, the grain and biological yields of wheat improved up to 28% as compared to weedy check treatment.

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    https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.2...
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    Authors: Lazuka, Volha; Bengtsson, Tommy; Svensson, Patrick;

    Enclosures enforced private property rights at the onset of industrialization, yet numerous estimations of the enclosures' effects on production and productivity rely on non- experimental designs. We estimate the causal effects of enclosure reforms applying state- of-the-art difference-in-differences and event-study methods to a large panel of farms observed between 1781 and 1865 in Sweden. Our results demonstrate that enclosures led to a 3.4 percent annual growth in land productivity in the first decade and overall production increase reached 82 percent after 30 years. Such results are much larger than previous estimates, suggesting that land enclosures were a prerequisite for modern economic growth.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Julia Poberezhets; Roman Chudak; Ihor Kupchuk; Vitalii Yaropud; +1 Authors

    Saabunud / Received 05.03.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 23.10.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 23.10.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Ihor Kupchuk kupchuk.igor@i.ua The aim of the research was to investigate feed nutrient digestion and slaughter indicators of broiler chickens fed a probiotic supplement based on lactic acid bacteria. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Four groups of one-day-old broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross were selected by the method of analogous groups, each group contained 50 birds. Broilers were kept in group cages considering all zoohygienic requirements. The control group consumed a basic diet (BD), i.e., a complete feed. The experimental groups were additionally fed different doses of a probiotic supplement (by percentage mass of feed). The broiler chickens fed the probiotic supplement had increased digestibility of dry matter, protein, fibre and nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) compared with the control group. The application of probiotic supplement in broiler feeding increases the availability of essential amino acids, i.e. lysine, histidine, arginine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine compared with the control. The absorption of Ca, P, Mg, and Mn increased with the probiotic supplement. The probiotic supplement application in the diet of broiler chickens increased the pre-slaughter live weight by 16.7%, the un-gutted body weight by 15.0% and gutted body weight by 17.3%. Probiotic supplement had a positive effect on the digestibility of feed nutrients, increased the absorption of amino acids and minerals in the body broiler chickens.

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    https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.2...
    Article . 2021
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      https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.2...
      Article . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Komarov, Аndrei; Naida, Nadezhda; Nugis, Edvin;

    Saabunud / Received 02.10.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 21.11.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 21.11.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Edvin Nugis edvin.nugis@mail.ee The aim of this paper is to present the use of mathematical model for an assessment of seed germination on the example of a genus Dracocephalum L. based on logistic function. An assessment of the quality of seeds and their species specificity was carried out. For this the method of a mathematical model of seed germination and the "Origin Pro" application package was used. The objects of research were samples of species Dracocephalum L. of different geographical origin from the collection of the I.N. Vavilov named All-Russian Crop Research Institute (VIR). Morphometric parameters of seeds of the studied species of the genus Dracocephalum L. were identified, which were divided into two groups. The first group with small seeds (2.7–3.0 mm long and 1.6–2.0 mm wide) included varieties of the species D. moldavica, and the second group – with very small seeds (2.0 mm in length and 1.0 mm wide) of D. multicaule and D. nutans. To assess the quality of seeds, we used both standard static indicators for germination, germination energy and seed vigour which are also assessed by both known the Grodzinsky bio test, and new ones based on dynamic parameters for evaluating seed germination. The dynamic model presented in the work reproduces changes in the initial phase of plant growth through the dynamics of seed germination. That is, the change in the state of a living object in motion in this model. When processing the results, a logistic function was applied that reflects the dynamics of change or accumulation of quantitative signs with the transition to new qualitative indicators. It was revealed that the shortest germination time of half of the maximum number of germinated seeds (intensity of germination) equal to 44.0 hours had the sample K-6 ('Aroma-2'). This indicates vigourous and friendly germination of the seeds of this variety. For sample K-7 ('Aroma-2'), this figure is 60 hours and, therefore, the germination rate is less than that for K-6. Similar in these parameters and the intensity of germination in the sample K-8 'Zeya' equal to 53 hours. Sample K-10 ('Arhat') was characterized by a relatively high germination rate, intensity of germination equal to 46 hours. Samples at 32 (D. nutans) and at 20 (D. multicaule) had approximately the same intensity of germination was equal to 61 and 54 hours, respectively. As a result, comparing the similarly different age characteristics of the seed material, a certain species and variety specificity in the dynamics of growth processes in the seeds of various types of snake head was revealed. The novelty of these studies was the search for new patterns and phenomena in assessing the quality of seeds and their species specificity.

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    https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.2...
    Article . 2021
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      https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.2...
      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Kokin, Eugen; Pennar, Madis; Palge, Veli; Jürjenson, Kuno;

    Article The aim of the study was to define the strawberry leaf surface and ambient air temperature differences in night frost conditions. The study was carried out at the commercial strawberry field in late autumn at a specific natural climatic situation, corresponding to night frost conditions. Thermal camera FLIR P660 was used for obtaining thermal images and corresponding visual colour images of the strawberry leaves. The images were taken at ten-minute interval. The ambient air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, solar radiation and wind speed data were obtained by Davis Vantage Pro2 weather station. It was estimated that the surface temperature of the specific leaf is comparatively similar at different parts of the specimen and changes noticeably with the variation of solar radiation intensity. The speed of temperature changes was also analysed. During all the measurement period, the considerable difference between the temperature of the leaf and the ambient air temperature was established, especially in absence of solar radiation. The difference of the leaf surface and ambient air temperature reached 8 °C. The study showed that in night frost conditions the plants might be endangered by low temperatures even at the air temperatures above 0 °C due to intensive energy loss by long wave radiation to the sky. It is suggested that the thermal imaging or infrared radiation measurement should be used simultaneously with air temperature measurements for more exact timing of night frost prevention measures at strawberry cultivation. http://dx.doi.org/10.15159/ar.18.010

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    Article . 2018
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    Authors: Enn, Anni; Merisalu, Eda;

    Article The risk of dying in a work-related accident is greatest for those employed in agricultural sector. The aim of this study is to analyse the dynamics of work accidents (WA) incidence by severity, gender and lost workdays in Estonian agriculture in 2008–2017. Method: The database of accidents in agriculture (2008–2017) was obtained from the Estonian Labour Inspectorate (ELI). Work accidents statistics is based on official reports of employers. Results: In total 1,683 non-fatal work accidents (NFA) was registered in the past decade, from which 1,235 (79.3%) were minor and 448 (20.7%) severe. In total 13 fatal work accidents (FA) have occurred, which accounts 0.8% of all the WAs (n = 1,696). Although the trends of minor and severe WA cases showed steady increase, the number of FA has remained low. A major part WAs (74%) was registered in farming and horticulture, with prevalence of minor accidents. A severe WA is likely to occur in forestry or very likely in fishery. The proportion of injured male and female was 51.8% and 48.2%, accordingly. In the farming and horticulture sector there were more accidents among women – of all the minor accidents (n = 1,235) 52.1% occurred to women. Of all the severe WAs (n = 448) 61.2% and all the fatal work accidents happened to male workers. About 2/3 of severe WAs caused sick leave 31–90 days and more. Conclusion: The number of WAs in Estonian agricultural sector show steady increase in the past decade. A major part of accidents is minor and mostly occurred in farming and horticulture, and more often with females. Severe and FAs more often occurred in forestry and fishery. Mostly the severe WAs cause long sick leave – a month or more. When to increase work accidents severity level by one step (from minor to severe), the sick leave is increasing significantly.

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    Article . 2019
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    https://doi.org/10.15159/ar.19...
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    Authors: Tooming, Ene;

    A Thesis for applying for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture Sublethal effects of pesticides on behavioural endpoints are poorly investigated in nontargeted beneficial arthropod predators important as nartural enemies of many agricultural pests. In this ecotoxicological study, deleterious short- long-term effects of neurotoxic pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides on various basic behaviours of the predatory carabid Platynus assimilis Paykull (Coleoptera, Carabidae) were quantified over a broad range of sublethal concentrations and doses in controlled laboratory conditions. It appeared that low doses of alpha-cypermethrin and thiamethoxam may cause a number of substantial short- and long-term abnormalities in many basic behaviours such as locomotor activity (LA), general motor activity (GMA), clean food consumption rate (CFCR) and behavioural thermoregulation of carabids. The observed sublethal behavioural biases may lead to deterioration of ecological fitness and population dynamics of the beetles in agricultural lands where these chemicals are applied. For the first time in predatory arthropods, it was was demonstrated that in addition to locomotion, other important behavioural endpoints such GMA, CFCR and behavioural thermoregulation may serve as sensitive, valuable and easily quantifiable ecotoxicological biomarkers mirroring different rates and aspects of toxic stress. The observed remarkable declines in CFCR and efficiency for behavioural thermoregulation of the beetles exposed to sublethal doses of alpha-cypermethrin and thiamethoxam may directly worsen performance of the carabids as natural enemies of pest insects in the insecticide treated fields. Thus, the results of this study may have importance in integrated pest management programs promoting reduced insecticide use and encouraging natural pest control mechanisms wherever possible. The results of this PhD thesis are published in three papers. Ehkki röövtoidulistel lülijalgsetel on põllumajandusmaastikel tähtis roll taimekahjurite arvukuse vähendamisel, on insektitsiidide madalate dooside kõrvalmõjusid nende käitumisele seni vähe uuritud. Käesolevas doktoritöös mõõdeti esmakordselt neurotoksilise püretroidse ja neonikotinoidse insektitsiidi lühi- ja pikaajalisi mõjusid röövtoidulise süsi-ketasjooksiku (Platynus assimilis, Coleoptera: Carabidae) erinevatele põhikäitumistele. Mardikaid töödeldi preparaatide Fastac 50EC® (toimeaine alfa-tsüpermetriin) ja Actara 25WG® (toimeaine tiametoksaam) erinevate subletaalsete kontsentratsioonide ja doosidega kontrollitud laboritingimustes. Katsed näitasid, et jooksiklased on töös testitud insektitsiidide suhtes ülimalt tundlikud. Isegi väga madalad doosid põhjustasid mitmeid olulisi lühi- ja pikaajalisi negatiivseid kõrvalekaldeid mardikate põhikäitumistes. Täheldati märkimisväärset langust mardikate puhta toidu tarbimismääras ning käitumusliku termoregulatsiooni võimes, mis põllumajandusmaastikel võivad otseselt halvendada nende kasulike putukate ökoloogilist kohasust, populatsiooni dünaamikat ja biotõrje efektiivsust. Esmakordselt demonstreeriti, et putukate põhikäitumised nagu üldmotoorne aktiivsus, käitumuslik termoregulatsioon ja puhta toidu tarbimismäär on tundlikud, väärtuslikud ja kergesti mõõdetavad ökotoksikoloogilised biomarkerid, mis lisaks lokomotsioonile aitavad hinnata röövtoiduliste jooksiklaste toksilise stressi erinevaid tasemeid ja aspekte. Saadud tulemusi tuleks kindlasti arvestada integreeritud taimekaitse programmide väljatöötamisel, mis soodustavad kultuurtaimede töötlemist insektitsiidide vähendatud doosidega ja taimekahjurite looduslike vaenlaste maksimaalset ärakasutamist, kus iganes võimalik. Antud doktoritöö tulemused avaldati kolmes teadusartiklis. Publication of this thesis is supported by the Estonian University of Life Sciences, Chair of Plant Health

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      Data sources: EMU DSpace
      https://doi.org/10.15159/emu.2...
      Doctoral thesis . 2017
      Data sources: Datacite
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