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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dr .Eman ElSayed Aly Noureddin Khalifa;

    Agriculture, the main component of civilization, provides a surplus, which requires storage in pits or pottery vessels. Surplus led to conflicts and necessitated the emergence of social complexity to protect it. The appearance and diffusion of pottery vessels is associated in the Old World with the spread of agriculture itself. In the New World, the earliest evidence of domesticated plants was discovered in Mexico and dates to the 8th Millennium BC. In North America, similar evidence dates to the end of the Middle Archaic. This paper juxtaposes non-agriculture social complex societies in North America and compares them to their counterparts in the parts of the Old World, such as Nabta Playa and Sudan. These societies made pottery and practiced at least one form of sedentism while relying on subsistence-bases other than agriculture. إن العنصر الأساسى الذى تقوم عليه الحضارات هو الزراعة والذى اعتمد عليه الإنسان بصفة أساسية كمصدر للغذاء، مع وجود فائض يحتاج للتخزين في مخازن أو أواني فخارية، والتي ارتبط انتشارها في العالم القديم بانتشار الزراعة نفسها. أما في العالم الجديد، وكما هو الحال في بعض مناطق الشرق الأدنى القديم، فقد عرفت العديد من المجتمعات التركيب الاجتماعي وفي بعض الأحيان الفخار دون الاعتماد على الزراعة كمصدر أساسي للغذاء. وقد ظهرت الزراعة في أمريكا الشمالية مع نهاية العصر العتيق الأوسط. بينما في مصر لا توجد إشارت لمعرفة الزراعة قبل حضارة الفيوم، على الرغم من ظهور الفخار ومعرفة الاستقرار والتركيب الاجتماعي قبل ذلك بوقت طويل. تستعرض هذه الورقة البحثية نماذج للجماعات التي عاشت في أمريكا الشمالية خلال عصور ما قبل التاريخ وكانت ذات تركيب إجتماعي غير معتمد على الزراعة، مع مقارنة تلك الجمعات بتلك التي كانت موجودة في مصر خلال العصر الحجري الحديث الصحراوي. وكلاهما عرف الفخار وشكل من أشكال التركيب الاجتماعي دون معرفة الزراعة. وبهذا يبين هذا البحث أن تأمين مصدر للعذاء – وليس الزراعة - يعتبر ركناً أساسياً من أركان الاستقرار وظهور التركيب الاجتماعي بين جماعات عصور ما قبل التاريخ. أما الفخار فلا يقتصر ظهوره على المجتمعات الزراعية أو التي تعرف بالاستقرار فقط، وينطبق هذا على قارتي العالم القديم والجديد، ولكن مع اختلاف الفترة الزمنية والأسباب.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DOAJ
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DOAJ
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dr.Ahmed Hamdy Abdelmoniem;

    The Subject of this paper deals with one of the Ancient Egyptian titles, which made its first appearance in the reign of king wenis and continued in usage till the end of the Old Kingdom. The main problems of this title are the confusion between scholars concerning its reading, some claim it should be read as imy-r Swy pr-aA while others claim that it should be read as imy-r mrwy pr-aA, so the variety in reading leads to confuse in the translation of that title. The other problem is despite this title appeared on many monuments and objects, none of them contained texts suggest the details of that job, nor to which institution it belongs in the institutions of the Ancient Egyptian Administration. So, this paper concentrated on studying the holders of that title in Ancient Egypt and investigating their titles which are registered on their monuments beside that title, so as to know the nature of this title, the duties of their owners and finally to suggest a reading for it in order to reach a certified translation.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DOAJ
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DOAJ
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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The following results are related to Rural Digital Europe. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dr .Eman ElSayed Aly Noureddin Khalifa;

    Agriculture, the main component of civilization, provides a surplus, which requires storage in pits or pottery vessels. Surplus led to conflicts and necessitated the emergence of social complexity to protect it. The appearance and diffusion of pottery vessels is associated in the Old World with the spread of agriculture itself. In the New World, the earliest evidence of domesticated plants was discovered in Mexico and dates to the 8th Millennium BC. In North America, similar evidence dates to the end of the Middle Archaic. This paper juxtaposes non-agriculture social complex societies in North America and compares them to their counterparts in the parts of the Old World, such as Nabta Playa and Sudan. These societies made pottery and practiced at least one form of sedentism while relying on subsistence-bases other than agriculture. إن العنصر الأساسى الذى تقوم عليه الحضارات هو الزراعة والذى اعتمد عليه الإنسان بصفة أساسية كمصدر للغذاء، مع وجود فائض يحتاج للتخزين في مخازن أو أواني فخارية، والتي ارتبط انتشارها في العالم القديم بانتشار الزراعة نفسها. أما في العالم الجديد، وكما هو الحال في بعض مناطق الشرق الأدنى القديم، فقد عرفت العديد من المجتمعات التركيب الاجتماعي وفي بعض الأحيان الفخار دون الاعتماد على الزراعة كمصدر أساسي للغذاء. وقد ظهرت الزراعة في أمريكا الشمالية مع نهاية العصر العتيق الأوسط. بينما في مصر لا توجد إشارت لمعرفة الزراعة قبل حضارة الفيوم، على الرغم من ظهور الفخار ومعرفة الاستقرار والتركيب الاجتماعي قبل ذلك بوقت طويل. تستعرض هذه الورقة البحثية نماذج للجماعات التي عاشت في أمريكا الشمالية خلال عصور ما قبل التاريخ وكانت ذات تركيب إجتماعي غير معتمد على الزراعة، مع مقارنة تلك الجمعات بتلك التي كانت موجودة في مصر خلال العصر الحجري الحديث الصحراوي. وكلاهما عرف الفخار وشكل من أشكال التركيب الاجتماعي دون معرفة الزراعة. وبهذا يبين هذا البحث أن تأمين مصدر للعذاء – وليس الزراعة - يعتبر ركناً أساسياً من أركان الاستقرار وظهور التركيب الاجتماعي بين جماعات عصور ما قبل التاريخ. أما الفخار فلا يقتصر ظهوره على المجتمعات الزراعية أو التي تعرف بالاستقرار فقط، وينطبق هذا على قارتي العالم القديم والجديد، ولكن مع اختلاف الفترة الزمنية والأسباب.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DOAJ
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DOAJ
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dr.Ahmed Hamdy Abdelmoniem;

    The Subject of this paper deals with one of the Ancient Egyptian titles, which made its first appearance in the reign of king wenis and continued in usage till the end of the Old Kingdom. The main problems of this title are the confusion between scholars concerning its reading, some claim it should be read as imy-r Swy pr-aA while others claim that it should be read as imy-r mrwy pr-aA, so the variety in reading leads to confuse in the translation of that title. The other problem is despite this title appeared on many monuments and objects, none of them contained texts suggest the details of that job, nor to which institution it belongs in the institutions of the Ancient Egyptian Administration. So, this paper concentrated on studying the holders of that title in Ancient Egypt and investigating their titles which are registered on their monuments beside that title, so as to know the nature of this title, the duties of their owners and finally to suggest a reading for it in order to reach a certified translation.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DOAJ
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DOAJ
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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