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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Janot, Alexandre;

    The works focus on the identification of industrial robots that belongs to the field of the identification of continuous-time inverse dynamic models in closed loop. First, a generic instrumental approach relevant for the identification of rigid industrial robots is proposed. The set of instruments is the inverse dynamic model constructed from simulated data calculated from the simulation of the direct dynamic model. This algorithm termed the IDIM-IV method validates the inverse and direct dynamic models simultaneously, improves the noise immunity of estimates with respect to corrupted data in the observation matrix and has a rapid convergence. This new approach is experimentally validated and compared with other standard methods. Then, a statistical test able to assess the validity of the set of instruments as well as the consistency of the least-squares estimates is presented. This test is based on the use of the Two-Stage-Least-Squares method and the regressed Durbin-Wu-Hausman test that are commonly used in econometrics. Finally, the perspectives that the IDIM-IV method can offer to the communities of robotics and automatic control are enlightened Ce manuscrit résume les travaux menés sur l'identification des robots industriels conduits à l'ONERA. Dans le premier chapitre, les méthodes usuelles de modélisation et d'identification appliquées aux robots industriels rigides sont présentées. Le deuxième chapitre introduit une nouvelle méthode d'identification basée sur l'utilisation des variables instrumentales alors que le troisième chapitre présente un test statistique capable de valider la construction des instruments. Enfin, dans un quatrième chapitre, les perspectives offerts par ces nouvelles méthodes sont introduites.

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    Authors: Brühl, Katharina;

    The EU legislation on organic farming was aimed at forcing the use of organic seeds in organic production. However, there are striking differences in its implementation across the EU and the use of organic seeds is still sparse. This study examines the use of organic seeds for sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production in a pilot study for the Netherlands and Spain. In order to identify existing incentives and constraints, a supply chain analysis is applied, derogation requests for using non-organic seeds are analysed and interviews with stakeholders of the supply chain are conducted. Based on the findings, recommendations are given on how each stakeholder can participate in improving the implementation of the EU law, promoting the use of organic seeds.

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    Thesis . 2017
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    Authors: Wang, Die;

    Les observations météorologiques depuis les satellites dans le domaine des micro-ondes sont actuellement limitées à 190 GHz. La prochaine génération de satellites météorologiques opérationnels européens (EUMETSAT Polar System-Second Generation-EPS-SG), em- portera un instrument, le Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), avec des fréquences sub-millimétriques jusqu’à 664 GHz, afin d’améliorer la caractérisation globale des nuages de glace. Pour préparer l’exploitation de ces nouvelles données, durant cette thèse, des travaux ont été effectués sur quatre axes complémentaires. Des simulations réalistes de transfert radiatif ont été réalisées de 19 à 700 GHz, pour des scènes météorologiques réelles, couvrant une grande variabilité des nuages en Europe. L’objectif était double : premièrement mieux comprendre la sensibilité des ondes millimétriques et sub-millimétriques à la phase glacée des nuages, deuxièmement créer une base de données robuste pour développer une méthode d’inversion statistique des caractéristiques des nuages de glace. Un code de transfert radiatif atmosphérique (Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator ARTS) a été couplé avec des profils atmosphériques simulés par un modèle méso-échelle de nuage (Weather Research and Forecasting WRF), pour douze scènes européennes aux moyennes latitudes. Les propriétés de diffusion des hydrométéores (glace, neige, graupel, pluie et eau dans le nuage) ont été soigneusement sélectionnées, en particulier pour la phase glace, et la compatibilité avec la microphysique de WRF a été testée : le Discrete-Dipole approximation (DDA) est adopté pour calculer les propriétés diffusantes des particules de neige. Les simulations obtenues ont été systématiquement comparées avec des observations satellitaires coïncidentes d’imageurs et de sondeurs jusqu’à 200 GHz. L’accord entre les simulations et les observations montre la bonne qualité de la base de données, au moins jusqu’à 200 GHz... The meteorological observations from satellites in the microwave domain are currently limited to 190 GHz. The next generation of European operational Meteorological Satellite (EUMETSAT Polar System-Second Generation-EPS-SG) will carry an instrument, the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), with frequencies up to 664 GHz, to provide unprecedented measurements in the sub-millimeter spectral range, aiming to improve the characterization of ice clouds over the globe. To prepare this upcoming satellite-borne sub-millimeter imager, during this thesis, scientific efforts have been made on four complementary aspects. Realistic radiative transfer simulations have been performed from 19 to 700 GHz, for real meteorological scenes, covering a large variability of clouds in Europe. The goal was two fold, first to better understand the sensitivity of the microwave to sub-millimeter waves to the cloud frozen phases, and second, to create a robust training database for a statistical cloud parameter retrieval. The Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) is coupled with atmospheric profiles from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, for twelve diverse European mid-latitude scenes. The single scattering properties of the hydrometeors (cloud ice, snow, graupel, rain, and cloud water) are carefully selected, especially for the frozen phases, and compatibility with the micro- physics in WRF is tested: the Discrete-Dipole Approximation (DDA) is adopted for snow particles. The resulting simulations have been systematically compared with coincident satellite observations from imagers and sounders up to 200 GHz. The agreement between simulations and observations shows the good quality of the simulated training database, at least up to 200 GHz...

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    Authors: Daugareilh, Isabelle;

    International audience

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    Authors: Gbetkom, Paul Gérard; Gadal, Sébastien; El Aboudi, Ahmed; Ngandam, Homère;

    International audience; The Lake Chad is now one of the major territories of concentration of people in the central Sahel region. Since the beginning of the 21st Century, the strong human settlements, especially built-up area, have expanded as a spontaneous adaptation to the upsurge of border conflicts; the main purpose being the access to best lands for agriculture, cattle farming and fishing. Nowadays, the Cameroonian side of the Lake Chad and its hinterland constitute a growing habitable space where we find few towns and numerous hamlets. However, there is no updated map of the built-up sprawl. Therefore, the aim of this study is to bring out the built up areas distribution in that space through orientated-object classification. The methodology implemented combines statistical and spectral processing’s: The third and sixth component of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which contains respectively 87% and 11 % of information, Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Urban Index (UI), performed on Sentinel 2 images of April 2017. These neo-bands are stacked with originals bands to generate a composite image. The new image obtained is then segmented and classified by Support Vector Machines (SVMs) algorithm and submitted to a threshold analysis in an image on which the built-up areas are clearly separated from the others spatial classes. The results obtained is the delineation the built-up areas, that is the distribution and the structure of the housing space in the Cameroonians shores of Lake Chad and its hinterland.

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    HAL AMU
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    ResearchGate Data
    Conference object . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Dauchez, Pierre; Fraisse, Philippe; Lelevé, Arnaud; Pierrot, François;

    International audience

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    Authors: Novoa, Stefani; Doxaran, David; Ody, Anouck; Vanhellemont, Quinten; +3 Authors

    The accurate measurement of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations in coastal waters is of crucial importance for ecosystem studies, sediment transport monitoring, and assessment of anthropogenic impacts in the coastal ocean. Ocean color remote sensing is an efficient tool to monitor SPM spatio-temporal variability in coastal waters. However, near-shore satellite images are complex to correct for atmospheric effects due to the proximity of land and to the high level of reflectance caused by high SPM concentrations in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. The water reflectance signal ((w)) tends to saturate at short visible wavelengths when the SPM concentration increases. Using a comprehensive dataset of high-resolution satellite imagery and in situ SPM and water reflectance data, this study presents (i) an assessment of existing atmospheric correction (AC) algorithms developed for turbid coastal waters; and (ii) a switching method that automatically selects the most sensitive SPM vs. (w) relationship, to avoid saturation effects when computing the SPM concentration. The approach is applied to satellite data acquired by three medium-high spatial resolution sensors (Landsat-8/Operational Land Imager, National Polar-Orbiting Partnership/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite and Aqua/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) to map the SPM concentration in some of the most turbid areas of the European coastal ocean, namely the Gironde and Loire estuaries as well as Bourgneuf Bay on the French Atlantic coast. For all three sensors, AC methods based on the use of short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral bands were tested, and the consistency of the retrieved water reflectance was examined along transects from low- to high-turbidity waters. For OLI data, we also compared a SWIR-based AC (ACOLITE) with a method based on multi-temporal analyses of atmospheric constituents (MACCS). For the selected scenes, the ACOLITE-MACCS difference was lower than 7%. Despite some inaccuracies in (w) retrieval, we demonstrate that the SPM concentration can be reliably estimated using OLI, MODIS and VIIRS, regardless of their differences in spatial and spectral resolutions. Match-ups between the OLI-derived SPM concentration and autonomous field measurements from the Loire and Gironde estuaries' monitoring networks provided satisfactory results. The multi-sensor approach together with the multi-conditional algorithm presented here can be applied to the latest generation of ocean color sensors (namely Sentinel2/MSI and Sentinel3/OLCI) to study SPM dynamics in the coastal ocean at higher spatial and temporal resolutions. International audience

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2017
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      Article . 2017
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      Remote Sensing
      Article . 2017
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    Authors: Ricome, Aymeric; Chaib, Karim; Ridier, Aude; Kephaliacos, Charilaos; +6 Authors

    International audience; This paper analyzes the link between choices of production technologies and marketing contracts. We first develop an analytical model showing that both decisions are linked and influenced by risk and direct payments. Then, a numerical application based on a stochastic farm model is implemented on a representative farm from southwestern France. Among other things, we find that a wide availability of marketing contracts reduces the impact of agricultural policies on agricultural practices. Moreover, marketing contracts can encourage farmers to adopt green practices, which are—in France—riskier than conventional techniques.

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    Authors: Nour, Boubakr;

    L'Internet des objets (IoT) a beaucoup retenu l'attention de l'industrie et du monde universitaire au cours de la dernière décennie. La connectivité de chaque élément technologique de l'environnement avec Internet a ouvert de nombreuses voies de recherche et développement. Cependant, une chose reste la même: la communication centrée sur l'hôte, car c'est le moyen de communication prédominant sur Internet. Cependant, la communication centrée sur l'hôte reste la méthode de communication Internet prédominante. Avec l'évolution de tout le reste, la communication basée sur l'hôte a été poussée à ses limites et l'exploration de nouveaux modèles est en cours depuis plusieurs années. Le réseau centré sur l'information (ICN) est un concurrent majeur pour la future architecture Internet, où le contenu est la clé de base / central / principal quel que soit son emplacement. ICN a l'intention de proposer la dénomination basée sur le contenu, la mise en cache en réseau, la prise en charge de la mobilité inhérente, la prise en charge de la multidiffusion et la sécurité basée sur le contenu dans le cadre de la conception et non comme une fonctionnalité complémentaire. D'autre part, la plupart des applications IoT suivent intrinsèquement un paradigme orienté contenu. Les utilisateurs ou objets de l'IoT demandent le contenu et consomment les données générées à partir du réseau au lieu de communiquer avec un hôte ou un appareil spécifique, comme la récupération des valeurs détectées à partir d'un capteur ou la surveillance de l'état d'un patient chez lui. En fait, ICN peut faciliter le déploiement de l'IoT à grande échelle, en améliorant les performances et l'évolutivité du réseau, en améliorant la sécurité et la mobilité, et en optimisant la consommation d'énergie des appareils. Ces dernières années, de nombreux efforts ont été faits pour intégrer ICN à l'IoT. Néanmoins, de nouveaux problèmes, en raison de la nature des applications IoT et du principe de fonctionnement d'ICN, sont apparus, ralentissant les ambitions en plus de l'utilisation du paradigme ICN dans les environnements IoT.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions et explorons les possibilités d'utiliser ICN comme facilitateur de communication pour les applications IoT. Inspirés par les résultats de recherche approfondis dans ICN basé sur l'IoT, nous fournissons une revue détaillée et systématique de cette fusion. En outre, nous identifions un ensemble de défis et de problèmes que nous classons en deux catégories principales: la communication réseau et la gestion de réseau. Par exemple, nous constatons que la dénomination de contenu - l'élément pilier de l'architecture ICN, la communication de publication-abonnement - un modèle de communication dominant dans les applications IoT et le schéma de mise en cache de contenu - un élément fondamental du réseau ICN, peut être répertoriée dans le la classe de communication réseau, tandis que le protocole de contrôle - un protocole indispensable pour les réseaux à grande échelle, peut être organisé dans la classe de gestion de réseau.Les principales contributions et innovations de cette thèse sont les suivantes:(1) Afin de surmonter les problèmes de dénomination ICN tels que l'identification du contenu / service / des appareils, la production de noms longs et illimités et l'application de règles d'agrégation efficaces, nous proposons un schéma de dénomination ICN hybride unifié pour les applications IoT. Le schéma proposé incorpore une méthode d'étiquetage de préfixe pour décrire les noms d'emplacement hiérarchiques et applique une méthode de codage à longueur variable pour produire des noms courts avec diverses fonctionnalités sémantiques intégrées à l'aide de la conception attribut-valeur. De plus, le système prend en charge la communication IoT locale rapide à l'aide du concept de traduction de nom en code qui tend à résoudre les problèmes de préfixe de nom long, ainsi que la récupération de contenu multi-source via le concept de fonction en réseau qui vise à récupérer le contenu de plusieurs producteurs avec un plus petit nombre de paquets et des frais généraux. Les résultats de la simulation montrent que le schéma proposé est intrinsèquement meilleur que les solutions de pointe existantes et réduit considérablement la consommation de mémoire, le temps de recherche, la surcharge de routage et de transfert, et améliore la communication IoT globale.(2) Afin de prendre en charge la communication de publication-abonnement dans ICN, nous proposons un système d'abonnement basé sur un groupe. Le schéma proposé permet non seulement un modèle d'éditeur-abonné transparent, mais également des fonctionnalités d'authentification, de contrôle d'accès et de gestion de groupe. Sans violer la primitive de communication ICN requête-réponse unique, nous concevons un schéma de gestion d'abonnement évolutif utilisant des paquets semi-persistants et des tables spécialisées au niveau des nœuds intermédiaires. Le schéma adopte également le mécanisme de hiérarchie de clés logiques pour distribuer efficacement les clés de sécurité et sécuriser le partage de contenu entre les abonnés autorisés. Par rapport à l'abonnement traditionnel basé sur pull, le système proposé est capable de réduire les frais de contrôle, avec des fonctionnalités de sécurité et de confidentialité supplémentaires. L'analyse des performances montre qu'avec un intérêt semi-persistant, les besoins en mémoire des nœuds principaux peuvent être maintenus à des niveaux minimaux.(3) Afin de concevoir des schémas de mise en cache de contenu efficaces pour les applications IoT, nous proposons des schémas de mise en cache de contenu en réseau centralisés et distribués. Le schéma centralisé vise à sélectionner l'emplacement le plus approprié pour mettre en cache le contenu en minimisant le coût de déplacement du contenu du producteur d'origine vers le cache-store intermédiaire et du cache-store vers les consommateurs, ainsi qu'en minimisant le coût de mise en cache aux nœuds intermédiaires. L'algorithme heuristique conçu, le plus élevé en premier le plus éloigné, sélectionne les nœuds intermédiaires avec les demandes les plus élevées, la mémoire cache libre ainsi que leur éloignement pour satisfaire un nombre maximal de demandes. Le deuxième système distribué, Push Down Popular Push Up Less-Popular, vise à pousser le contenu populaire vers le réseau périphérique et à conserver le contenu le moins populaire dans le réseau central. Les résultats obtenus montrent l'efficacité et la supériorité de notre schéma par rapport à des stratégies similaires en termes de délai réseau, de réduction des sauts et d'utilisation du cache.(4) Afin de concevoir un protocole de contrôle compatible avec le principe de conception d'ICN, nous proposons un protocole de contrôle pour les réseaux de données nommés qui peuvent relayer différents messages d'erreur réseau, d'informations, de notification et de service. Notre protocole utilise le nom du contenu au lieu de l'adresse de l'hôte, compatible avec le modèle d'échange de données d'intérêt et le plan de transfert ICN, et prend en charge les agrégations d'intérêts. Le protocole définit un nouveau type de paquet de contrôle qui contient des champs ControlClass et ControlType pour spécifier la classe du message de contrôle et son type. Nous définissons trois classes principales de messages de contrôle: les messages d'erreur standard, les messages de notification et les messages de service. Chaque classe a un ensemble de messages basés sur la classe et l'utilisation. Le protocole conçu améliore les performances du réseau, en particulier dans l'environnement IoT, et peut facilement être étendu pour prendre en charge différentes plates-formes centrées sur l'information.En conclusion, cette thèse étudie l'applicabilité de l'ICN en tant que facilitateur de communication pour l'IoT. Il propose une série de schémas pour différents aspects ICN (c'est-à-dire la dénomination, le modèle de communication, la mise en cache dans le réseau et le protocole de contrôle) qui visent à fournir un réseau ICN transparent et efficace basé sur l'IoT. Des analyses qualitatives et des expériences approfondies prouvent l'efficacité de nos systèmes qui surpassent les solutions existantes et présentent de meilleures performances système avec moins de frais généraux et des fonctionnalités supplémentaires. The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained extensive attention from both industry and academia in the past decade. The connectivity of each and every piece of technology in the environment with the Internet has opened many avenues of research and development. However, one thing still remains the same: host-centric communication, since it is the predominant way of communication on the Internet. However, host-centric communication is still the predominant Internet communication method. With the evolution of everything else, host-based communication has been stretched to limits, and the exploration of new models has been underway for several years. Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a major contender for future Internet architecture, where content is the basic key/central/main regardless of its location. ICN intends to offer content-based naming, in-network caching, inherent mobility support, multicast support, and content-based security as part of the design and not an add-on functionality. On the other hand, most IoT applications inherently follow a content-oriented paradigm. IoT users or things ask for the content and consume the generated data from the network instead of communicating with a specific host or device, such as the retrieval of sensed values from a sensor, or monitoring the status of a patient in their home. In fact, ICN can facilitate large-scale IoT deployment, by improving network performance & scalability, enhance security & mobility, and optimize the energy consumption of devices. In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to integrate ICN with IoT. Nevertheless, new issues, due to the nature of IoT applications and the working principle of ICN, have emerged slowing down the ambitions besides using the ICN paradigm in IoT environments.In this thesis, we investigate and explore the possibilities to use ICN as a communication enabler for IoT applications. Inspired by the extensive research results in IoT-based ICN, we provide a detailed and systematic review of this merger. Furthermore, we identify a set of challenges and issues which we classify into two main classes: Network Communication and Network Management. For instance, we find that content naming -- the pillar element in ICN architecture, publish-subscribe communication -- a dominant communication model in IoT applications, and content caching scheme -- a fundamental building block in ICN network, can be listed in the network communication class, whereas control protocol -- an indispensable protocol for large-scale networks, can be arranged in the network management class. The core contributions and innovations of this thesis are as follows:(1) In order to overcome ICN naming issues such as identifying content/service/devices, producing long and unbounded names, and performing efficient aggregation rules, we propose a unified hybrid ICN naming scheme for IoT applications. The proposed scheme incorporates a prefix-labeling method to describe hierarchical location names and applies a variable-length encoding method to produce short names with various embedded semantic functionalities using attribute-value design. Moreover, the scheme supports fast local IoT communication using the Name-to-Code translation concept that tends to tackle long name-prefix issues, as well as multi-source content retrieval through the in-network function concept that aims at fetching content from multiple producers with a smaller number of packets and overhead. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is inherently better than the existing state-of-the-art solutions and drastically reduces the memory consumption, lookup time, routing and forwarding overhead, and enhances the overall IoT communication.(2) In order to support publish-subscribe communication in ICN, we propose a group-based subscription scheme. The proposed scheme enables not only a seamless publisher-subscriber model, but also authentication, access control, and group management features. Without violating the single request-response ICN communication primitive, we design a scalable subscription management scheme using semi-persistent packets and specialized tables at intermediate nodes. The scheme also adopts the Logical Key Hierarchy mechanism to efficiently distribute security keys and secure content sharing among the authorized subscribers. Compared to traditional pull-based subscription, the proposed scheme is able to achieve lower control overhead, with added security and privacy features. The performance analysis shows that with semi-persistent interest, the memory requirements of the core nodes can be kept at minimal levels. (3) In order to design an efficient content caching schemes for IoT applications, we propose centralized and distributed in-network content caching schemes. The centralized scheme aims at selecting the most suitable placement to cache content by minimizing the cost of moving content from the original producer to the intermediate cache-store and from the cache-store to consumers, as well as minimizing the caching cost at intermediate nodes. The designed heuristic algorithm, Highest-First Farthest-Later, selects intermediate nodes with the highest demands, free cache memory as well as they are far away to satisfy a maximum number of demands. The second distributed scheme, Push Down Popular Push Up Less-Popular, aims at pushing down the popular content into the edge network and keeping the less-popular content in the core network. The obtained results show the efficiency and superiority of our scheme against similar strategies in terms of network delay, hop reduction, and cache utilization.(4) In order to design a control protocol compatible with the design principle of ICN, we propose a control protocol for named data networks that can relay different network error, information, notification, and service messages. Our protocol uses content name instead of host address, compatible with the interest-data exchange model and ICN forwarding plane, and supports interest aggregations. The protocol defines a new type of control packet that contains ControlClass and ControlType fields to specify the class of control message and its type. We define three main classes of control messages: Standard Error Messages, Notification Messages, and Service Messages. Each class has a set of messages based on class and usage. The designed protocol improves the network performance especially in the IoT environment, and can easily be extended to support different information-centric platforms.In conclusion, this dissertation studies the applicability of ICN as a communication enabler for IoT. It proposes a series of schemes for different ICN aspects (i.e., naming, communication model, in-network caching, and control protocol) that aim at providing a seamless and efficient IoT-based ICN network. Qualitative analyses and extensive experiments prove the efficiency of our schemes that outperform the existing solutions and exhibit better system performance with less overhead and added features.

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    International audience; The goal of the study is to perform comparative analysis of image processing methods, enabled by means of IDRISI GIS software. The purpose has two aims. First, a spatial analysis of land cover types in the coastal landscapes of western Estonia, Pärnu area, at two various temporal dates. Second, an overview of the technical methods of IDRISI GIS enabling to evaluate image processing. The main research method consists in classification of satellite images for resulting geoecological mapping of landscapes. The ISOCLUST classification enabled to create multi-spatiotemporal thematic maps of Pärnu area. The research method is based on the spatiotemporal analysis of the geospatial data, performed by means of GIS tools and remote sensing data. The images were downloaded from the Earth Science Data Interface, Global Land Cover Facility. The Landsat TM imagery include scenes of June 2006 and June 1992. Both images cover summer months, thus enabling vegetation coverage to be easily recognized.; 74 кулонометрия) и другие методы. Большое количество часов лабораторных ра-бот (70% от общего количества часов отведенных на изучение дисциплины), позволяют студентам на практике самостоятельно изучить основные современ-ные аналитические методы. Значительное внимание уделяется радиохимиче-скому анализу природных объектов, что связано с загрязнением окружающей среды естественными и искусственными радионуклидами. Поэтому в данном курсе предусмотрены работы по изучению методов дозиметрического контро-ля. Лабораторный практикум курса «Аналитические методы в геоэкологии» представлен следующими расчетно-аналитическими занятиями:-взвешивание на весах различных типов;-методы фильтрования растворов;-титриметрический метод определения общей щелочности и карбонатной жесткости воды;-спектрофотометрический метод определения концентрации вещества;-фотометрический метод определения нитритов с использованием реак-тива Грисса;-измерение рН раствора потенциометрическим методом;-оценка радиационной обстановки в помещениях и на открытом воздухе дозиметрическими методами. В рамках освоения каждого расчетно-аналитического занятия студенты свободно ориентируются в современных методах физико-химического анализа, могут выбирать аппаратуру в соответствии с типом образца, областью примене-ния, требуемой чувствительностью и точностью, использовать методы количе-ственного определения концентрации различных веществ и применять полу-ченные знания на практике для решения различных прикладных геоэкологиче-ских проблем. The goal of the study is to perform comparative analysis of image processing methods, enabled by means of IDRISI GIS software. The purpose has two aims. First, a spatial analysis of land cover types in the coastal landscapes of western Estonia, Pärnu area, at two various temporal dates. Second, an overview of the technical methods of IDRISI GIS enabling to evaluate image processing. The main research method consists in classification of satellite images for resulting geoecological mapping of landscapes. The ISOCLUST classification enabled to create multi-spatiotemporal thematic maps of Pärnu area (fig. 1). The research method is based on the spatiotem-poral analysis of the geospatial data, performed by means of GIS tools and remote

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      License: CC 0
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      Presentation . 2014
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    Authors: Janot, Alexandre;

    The works focus on the identification of industrial robots that belongs to the field of the identification of continuous-time inverse dynamic models in closed loop. First, a generic instrumental approach relevant for the identification of rigid industrial robots is proposed. The set of instruments is the inverse dynamic model constructed from simulated data calculated from the simulation of the direct dynamic model. This algorithm termed the IDIM-IV method validates the inverse and direct dynamic models simultaneously, improves the noise immunity of estimates with respect to corrupted data in the observation matrix and has a rapid convergence. This new approach is experimentally validated and compared with other standard methods. Then, a statistical test able to assess the validity of the set of instruments as well as the consistency of the least-squares estimates is presented. This test is based on the use of the Two-Stage-Least-Squares method and the regressed Durbin-Wu-Hausman test that are commonly used in econometrics. Finally, the perspectives that the IDIM-IV method can offer to the communities of robotics and automatic control are enlightened Ce manuscrit résume les travaux menés sur l'identification des robots industriels conduits à l'ONERA. Dans le premier chapitre, les méthodes usuelles de modélisation et d'identification appliquées aux robots industriels rigides sont présentées. Le deuxième chapitre introduit une nouvelle méthode d'identification basée sur l'utilisation des variables instrumentales alors que le troisième chapitre présente un test statistique capable de valider la construction des instruments. Enfin, dans un quatrième chapitre, les perspectives offerts par ces nouvelles méthodes sont introduites.

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    Authors: Brühl, Katharina;

    The EU legislation on organic farming was aimed at forcing the use of organic seeds in organic production. However, there are striking differences in its implementation across the EU and the use of organic seeds is still sparse. This study examines the use of organic seeds for sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production in a pilot study for the Netherlands and Spain. In order to identify existing incentives and constraints, a supply chain analysis is applied, derogation requests for using non-organic seeds are analysed and interviews with stakeholders of the supply chain are conducted. Based on the findings, recommendations are given on how each stakeholder can participate in improving the implementation of the EU law, promoting the use of organic seeds.

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    Authors: Wang, Die;

    Les observations météorologiques depuis les satellites dans le domaine des micro-ondes sont actuellement limitées à 190 GHz. La prochaine génération de satellites météorologiques opérationnels européens (EUMETSAT Polar System-Second Generation-EPS-SG), em- portera un instrument, le Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), avec des fréquences sub-millimétriques jusqu’à 664 GHz, afin d’améliorer la caractérisation globale des nuages de glace. Pour préparer l’exploitation de ces nouvelles données, durant cette thèse, des travaux ont été effectués sur quatre axes complémentaires. Des simulations réalistes de transfert radiatif ont été réalisées de 19 à 700 GHz, pour des scènes météorologiques réelles, couvrant une grande variabilité des nuages en Europe. L’objectif était double : premièrement mieux comprendre la sensibilité des ondes millimétriques et sub-millimétriques à la phase glacée des nuages, deuxièmement créer une base de données robuste pour développer une méthode d’inversion statistique des caractéristiques des nuages de glace. Un code de transfert radiatif atmosphérique (Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator ARTS) a été couplé avec des profils atmosphériques simulés par un modèle méso-échelle de nuage (Weather Research and Forecasting WRF), pour douze scènes européennes aux moyennes latitudes. Les propriétés de diffusion des hydrométéores (glace, neige, graupel, pluie et eau dans le nuage) ont été soigneusement sélectionnées, en particulier pour la phase glace, et la compatibilité avec la microphysique de WRF a été testée : le Discrete-Dipole approximation (DDA) est adopté pour calculer les propriétés diffusantes des particules de neige. Les simulations obtenues ont été systématiquement comparées avec des observations satellitaires coïncidentes d’imageurs et de sondeurs jusqu’à 200 GHz. L’accord entre les simulations et les observations montre la bonne qualité de la base de données, au moins jusqu’à 200 GHz... The meteorological observations from satellites in the microwave domain are currently limited to 190 GHz. The next generation of European operational Meteorological Satellite (EUMETSAT Polar System-Second Generation-EPS-SG) will carry an instrument, the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), with frequencies up to 664 GHz, to provide unprecedented measurements in the sub-millimeter spectral range, aiming to improve the characterization of ice clouds over the globe. To prepare this upcoming satellite-borne sub-millimeter imager, during this thesis, scientific efforts have been made on four complementary aspects. Realistic radiative transfer simulations have been performed from 19 to 700 GHz, for real meteorological scenes, covering a large variability of clouds in Europe. The goal was two fold, first to better understand the sensitivity of the microwave to sub-millimeter waves to the cloud frozen phases, and second, to create a robust training database for a statistical cloud parameter retrieval. The Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) is coupled with atmospheric profiles from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, for twelve diverse European mid-latitude scenes. The single scattering properties of the hydrometeors (cloud ice, snow, graupel, rain, and cloud water) are carefully selected, especially for the frozen phases, and compatibility with the micro- physics in WRF is tested: the Discrete-Dipole Approximation (DDA) is adopted for snow particles. The resulting simulations have been systematically compared with coincident satellite observations from imagers and sounders up to 200 GHz. The agreement between simulations and observations shows the good quality of the simulated training database, at least up to 200 GHz...

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    Authors: Daugareilh, Isabelle;

    International audience

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    Authors: Gbetkom, Paul Gérard; Gadal, Sébastien; El Aboudi, Ahmed; Ngandam, Homère;

    International audience; The Lake Chad is now one of the major territories of concentration of people in the central Sahel region. Since the beginning of the 21st Century, the strong human settlements, especially built-up area, have expanded as a spontaneous adaptation to the upsurge of border conflicts; the main purpose being the access to best lands for agriculture, cattle farming and fishing. Nowadays, the Cameroonian side of the Lake Chad and its hinterland constitute a growing habitable space where we find few towns and numerous hamlets. However, there is no updated map of the built-up sprawl. Therefore, the aim of this study is to bring out the built up areas distribution in that space through orientated-object classification. The methodology implemented combines statistical and spectral processing’s: The third and sixth component of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which contains respectively 87% and 11 % of information, Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Urban Index (UI), performed on Sentinel 2 images of April 2017. These neo-bands are stacked with originals bands to generate a composite image. The new image obtained is then segmented and classified by Support Vector Machines (SVMs) algorithm and submitted to a threshold analysis in an image on which the built-up areas are clearly separated from the others spatial classes. The results obtained is the delineation the built-up areas, that is the distribution and the structure of the housing space in the Cameroonians shores of Lake Chad and its hinterland.

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    HAL AMU
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    Conference object . 2018
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    Authors: Dauchez, Pierre; Fraisse, Philippe; Lelevé, Arnaud; Pierrot, François;

    International audience

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    Authors: Novoa, Stefani; Doxaran, David; Ody, Anouck; Vanhellemont, Quinten; +3 Authors

    The accurate measurement of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations in coastal waters is of crucial importance for ecosystem studies, sediment transport monitoring, and assessment of anthropogenic impacts in the coastal ocean. Ocean color remote sensing is an efficient tool to monitor SPM spatio-temporal variability in coastal waters. However, near-shore satellite images are complex to correct for atmospheric effects due to the proximity of land and to the high level of reflectance caused by high SPM concentrations in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. The water reflectance signal ((w)) tends to saturate at short visible wavelengths when the SPM concentration increases. Using a comprehensive dataset of high-resolution satellite imagery and in situ SPM and water reflectance data, this study presents (i) an assessment of existing atmospheric correction (AC) algorithms developed for turbid coastal waters; and (ii) a switching method that automatically selects the most sensitive SPM vs. (w) relationship, to avoid saturation effects when computing the SPM concentration. The approach is applied to satellite data acquired by three medium-high spatial resolution sensors (Landsat-8/Operational Land Imager, National Polar-Orbiting Partnership/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite and Aqua/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) to map the SPM concentration in some of the most turbid areas of the European coastal ocean, namely the Gironde and Loire estuaries as well as Bourgneuf Bay on the French Atlantic coast. For all three sensors, AC methods based on the use of short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral bands were tested, and the consistency of the retrieved water reflectance was examined along transects from low- to high-turbidity waters. For OLI data, we also compared a SWIR-based AC (ACOLITE) with a method based on multi-temporal analyses of atmospheric constituents (MACCS). For the selected scenes, the ACOLITE-MACCS difference was lower than 7%. Despite some inaccuracies in (w) retrieval, we demonstrate that the SPM concentration can be reliably estimated using OLI, MODIS and VIIRS, regardless of their differences in spatial and spectral resolutions. Match-ups between the OLI-derived SPM concentration and autonomous field measurements from the Loire and Gironde estuaries' monitoring networks provided satisfactory results. The multi-sensor approach together with the multi-conditional algorithm presented here can be applied to the latest generation of ocean color sensors (namely Sentinel2/MSI and Sentinel3/OLCI) to study SPM dynamics in the coastal ocean at higher spatial and temporal resolutions. International audience

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2017
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    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2017
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      Remote Sensing
      Article . 2017
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    Authors: Ricome, Aymeric; Chaib, Karim; Ridier, Aude; Kephaliacos, Charilaos; +6 Authors

    International audience; This paper analyzes the link between choices of production technologies and marketing contracts. We first develop an analytical model showing that both decisions are linked and influenced by risk and direct payments. Then, a numerical application based on a stochastic farm model is implemented on a representative farm from southwestern France. Among other things, we find that a wide availability of marketing contracts reduces the impact of agricultural policies on agricultural practices. Moreover, marketing contracts can encourage farmers to adopt green practices, which are—in France—riskier than conventional techniques.

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    https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.ec...
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    Authors: Nour, Boubakr;

    L'Internet des objets (IoT) a beaucoup retenu l'attention de l'industrie et du monde universitaire au cours de la dernière décennie. La connectivité de chaque élément technologique de l'environnement avec Internet a ouvert de nombreuses voies de recherche et développement. Cependant, une chose reste la même: la communication centrée sur l'hôte, car c'est le moyen de communication prédominant sur Internet. Cependant, la communication centrée sur l'hôte reste la méthode de communication Internet prédominante. Avec l'évolution de tout le reste, la communication basée sur l'hôte a été poussée à ses limites et l'exploration de nouveaux modèles est en cours depuis plusieurs années. Le réseau centré sur l'information (ICN) est un concurrent majeur pour la future architecture Internet, où le contenu est la clé de base / central / principal quel que soit son emplacement. ICN a l'intention de proposer la dénomination basée sur le contenu, la mise en cache en réseau, la prise en charge de la mobilité inhérente, la prise en charge de la multidiffusion et la sécurité basée sur le contenu dans le cadre de la conception et non comme une fonctionnalité complémentaire. D'autre part, la plupart des applications IoT suivent intrinsèquement un paradigme orienté contenu. Les utilisateurs ou objets de l'IoT demandent le contenu et consomment les données générées à partir du réseau au lieu de communiquer avec un hôte ou un appareil spécifique, comme la récupération des valeurs détectées à partir d'un capteur ou la surveillance de l'état d'un patient chez lui. En fait, ICN peut faciliter le déploiement de l'IoT à grande échelle, en améliorant les performances et l'évolutivité du réseau, en améliorant la sécurité et la mobilité, et en optimisant la consommation d'énergie des appareils. Ces dernières années, de nombreux efforts ont été faits pour intégrer ICN à l'IoT. Néanmoins, de nouveaux problèmes, en raison de la nature des applications IoT et du principe de fonctionnement d'ICN, sont apparus, ralentissant les ambitions en plus de l'utilisation du paradigme ICN dans les environnements IoT.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions et explorons les possibilités d'utiliser ICN comme facilitateur de communication pour les applications IoT. Inspirés par les résultats de recherche approfondis dans ICN basé sur l'IoT, nous fournissons une revue détaillée et systématique de cette fusion. En outre, nous identifions un ensemble de défis et de problèmes que nous classons en deux catégories principales: la communication réseau et la gestion de réseau. Par exemple, nous constatons que la dénomination de contenu - l'élément pilier de l'architecture ICN, la communication de publication-abonnement - un modèle de communication dominant dans les applications IoT et le schéma de mise en cache de contenu - un élément fondamental du réseau ICN, peut être répertoriée dans le la classe de communication réseau, tandis que le protocole de contrôle - un protocole indispensable pour les réseaux à grande échelle, peut être organisé dans la classe de gestion de réseau.Les principales contributions et innovations de cette thèse sont les suivantes:(1) Afin de surmonter les problèmes de dénomination ICN tels que l'identification du contenu / service / des appareils, la production de noms longs et illimités et l'application de règles d'agrégation efficaces, nous proposons un schéma de dénomination ICN hybride unifié pour les applications IoT. Le schéma proposé incorpore une méthode d'étiquetage de préfixe pour décrire les noms d'emplacement hiérarchiques et applique une méthode de codage à longueur variable pour produire des noms courts avec diverses fonctionnalités sémantiques intégrées à l'aide de la conception attribut-valeur. De plus, le système prend en charge la communication IoT locale rapide à l'aide du concept de traduction de nom en code qui tend à résoudre les problèmes de préfixe de nom long, ainsi que la récupération de contenu multi-source via le concept de fonction en réseau qui vise à récupérer le contenu de plusieurs producteurs avec un plus petit nombre de paquets et des frais généraux. Les résultats de la simulation montrent que le schéma proposé est intrinsèquement meilleur que les solutions de pointe existantes et réduit considérablement la consommation de mémoire, le temps de recherche, la surcharge de routage et de transfert, et améliore la communication IoT globale.(2) Afin de prendre en charge la communication de publication-abonnement dans ICN, nous proposons un système d'abonnement basé sur un groupe. Le schéma proposé permet non seulement un modèle d'éditeur-abonné transparent, mais également des fonctionnalités d'authentification, de contrôle d'accès et de gestion de groupe. Sans violer la primitive de communication ICN requête-réponse unique, nous concevons un schéma de gestion d'abonnement évolutif utilisant des paquets semi-persistants et des tables spécialisées au niveau des nœuds intermédiaires. Le schéma adopte également le mécanisme de hiérarchie de clés logiques pour distribuer efficacement les clés de sécurité et sécuriser le partage de contenu entre les abonnés autorisés. Par rapport à l'abonnement traditionnel basé sur pull, le système proposé est capable de réduire les frais de contrôle, avec des fonctionnalités de sécurité et de confidentialité supplémentaires. L'analyse des performances montre qu'avec un intérêt semi-persistant, les besoins en mémoire des nœuds principaux peuvent être maintenus à des niveaux minimaux.(3) Afin de concevoir des schémas de mise en cache de contenu efficaces pour les applications IoT, nous proposons des schémas de mise en cache de contenu en réseau centralisés et distribués. Le schéma centralisé vise à sélectionner l'emplacement le plus approprié pour mettre en cache le contenu en minimisant le coût de déplacement du contenu du producteur d'origine vers le cache-store intermédiaire et du cache-store vers les consommateurs, ainsi qu'en minimisant le coût de mise en cache aux nœuds intermédiaires. L'algorithme heuristique conçu, le plus élevé en premier le plus éloigné, sélectionne les nœuds intermédiaires avec les demandes les plus élevées, la mémoire cache libre ainsi que leur éloignement pour satisfaire un nombre maximal de demandes. Le deuxième système distribué, Push Down Popular Push Up Less-Popular, vise à pousser le contenu populaire vers le réseau périphérique et à conserver le contenu le moins populaire dans le réseau central. Les résultats obtenus montrent l'efficacité et la supériorité de notre schéma par rapport à des stratégies similaires en termes de délai réseau, de réduction des sauts et d'utilisation du cache.(4) Afin de concevoir un protocole de contrôle compatible avec le principe de conception d'ICN, nous proposons un protocole de contrôle pour les réseaux de données nommés qui peuvent relayer différents messages d'erreur réseau, d'informations, de notification et de service. Notre protocole utilise le nom du contenu au lieu de l'adresse de l'hôte, compatible avec le modèle d'échange de données d'intérêt et le plan de transfert ICN, et prend en charge les agrégations d'intérêts. Le protocole définit un nouveau type de paquet de contrôle qui contient des champs ControlClass et ControlType pour spécifier la classe du message de contrôle et son type. Nous définissons trois classes principales de messages de contrôle: les messages d'erreur standard, les messages de notification et les messages de service. Chaque classe a un ensemble de messages basés sur la classe et l'utilisation. Le protocole conçu améliore les performances du réseau, en particulier dans l'environnement IoT, et peut facilement être étendu pour prendre en charge différentes plates-formes centrées sur l'information.En conclusion, cette thèse étudie l'applicabilité de l'ICN en tant que facilitateur de communication pour l'IoT. Il propose une série de schémas pour différents aspects ICN (c'est-à-dire la dénomination, le modèle de communication, la mise en cache dans le réseau et le protocole de contrôle) qui visent à fournir un réseau ICN transparent et efficace basé sur l'IoT. Des analyses qualitatives et des expériences approfondies prouvent l'efficacité de nos systèmes qui surpassent les solutions existantes et présentent de meilleures performances système avec moins de frais généraux et des fonctionnalités supplémentaires. The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained extensive attention from both industry and academia in the past decade. The connectivity of each and every piece of technology in the environment with the Internet has opened many avenues of research and development. However, one thing still remains the same: host-centric communication, since it is the predominant way of communication on the Internet. However, host-centric communication is still the predominant Internet communication method. With the evolution of everything else, host-based communication has been stretched to limits, and the exploration of new models has been underway for several years. Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a major contender for future Internet architecture, where content is the basic key/central/main regardless of its location. ICN intends to offer content-based naming, in-network caching, inherent mobility support, multicast support, and content-based security as part of the design and not an add-on functionality. On the other hand, most IoT applications inherently follow a content-oriented paradigm. IoT users or things ask for the content and consume the generated data from the network instead of communicating with a specific host or device, such as the retrieval of sensed values from a sensor, or monitoring the status of a patient in their home. In fact, ICN can facilitate large-scale IoT deployment, by improving network performance & scalability, enhance security & mobility, and optimize the energy consumption of devices. In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to integrate ICN with IoT. Nevertheless, new issues, due to the nature of IoT applications and the working principle of ICN, have emerged slowing down the ambitions besides using the ICN paradigm in IoT environments.In this thesis, we investigate and explore the possibilities to use ICN as a communication enabler for IoT applications. Inspired by the extensive research results in IoT-based ICN, we provide a detailed and systematic review of this merger. Furthermore, we identify a set of challenges and issues which we classify into two main classes: Network Communication and Network Management. For instance, we find that content naming -- the pillar element in ICN architecture, publish-subscribe communication -- a dominant communication model in IoT applications, and content caching scheme -- a fundamental building block in ICN network, can be listed in the network communication class, whereas control protocol -- an indispensable protocol for large-scale networks, can be arranged in the network management class. The core contributions and innovations of this thesis are as follows:(1) In order to overcome ICN naming issues such as identifying content/service/devices, producing long and unbounded names, and performing efficient aggregation rules, we propose a unified hybrid ICN naming scheme for IoT applications. The proposed scheme incorporates a prefix-labeling method to describe hierarchical location names and applies a variable-length encoding method to produce short names with various embedded semantic functionalities using attribute-value design. Moreover, the scheme supports fast local IoT communication using the Name-to-Code translation concept that tends to tackle long name-prefix issues, as well as multi-source content retrieval through the in-network function concept that aims at fetching content from multiple producers with a smaller number of packets and overhead. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is inherently better than the existing state-of-the-art solutions and drastically reduces the memory consumption, lookup time, routing and forwarding overhead, and enhances the overall IoT communication.(2) In order to support publish-subscribe communication in ICN, we propose a group-based subscription scheme. The proposed scheme enables not only a seamless publisher-subscriber model, but also authentication, access control, and group management features. Without violating the single request-response ICN communication primitive, we design a scalable subscription management scheme using semi-persistent packets and specialized tables at intermediate nodes. The scheme also adopts the Logical Key Hierarchy mechanism to efficiently distribute security keys and secure content sharing among the authorized subscribers. Compared to traditional pull-based subscription, the proposed scheme is able to achieve lower control overhead, with added security and privacy features. The performance analysis shows that with semi-persistent interest, the memory requirements of the core nodes can be kept at minimal levels. (3) In order to design an efficient content caching schemes for IoT applications, we propose centralized and distributed in-network content caching schemes. The centralized scheme aims at selecting the most suitable placement to cache content by minimizing the cost of moving content from the original producer to the intermediate cache-store and from the cache-store to consumers, as well as minimizing the caching cost at intermediate nodes. The designed heuristic algorithm, Highest-First Farthest-Later, selects intermediate nodes with the highest demands, free cache memory as well as they are far away to satisfy a maximum number of demands. The second distributed scheme, Push Down Popular Push Up Less-Popular, aims at pushing down the popular content into the edge network and keeping the less-popular content in the core network. The obtained results show the efficiency and superiority of our scheme against similar strategies in terms of network delay, hop reduction, and cache utilization.(4) In order to design a control protocol compatible with the design principle of ICN, we propose a control protocol for named data networks that can relay different network error, information, notification, and service messages. Our protocol uses content name instead of host address, compatible with the interest-data exchange model and ICN forwarding plane, and supports interest aggregations. The protocol defines a new type of control packet that contains ControlClass and ControlType fields to specify the class of control message and its type. We define three main classes of control messages: Standard Error Messages, Notification Messages, and Service Messages. Each class has a set of messages based on class and usage. The designed protocol improves the network performance especially in the IoT environment, and can easily be extended to support different information-centric platforms.In conclusion, this dissertation studies the applicability of ICN as a communication enabler for IoT. It proposes a series of schemes for different ICN aspects (i.e., naming, communication model, in-network caching, and control protocol) that aim at providing a seamless and efficient IoT-based ICN network. Qualitative analyses and extensive experiments prove the efficiency of our schemes that outperform the existing solutions and exhibit better system performance with less overhead and added features.

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    International audience; The goal of the study is to perform comparative analysis of image processing methods, enabled by means of IDRISI GIS software. The purpose has two aims. First, a spatial analysis of land cover types in the coastal landscapes of western Estonia, Pärnu area, at two various temporal dates. Second, an overview of the technical methods of IDRISI GIS enabling to evaluate image processing. The main research method consists in classification of satellite images for resulting geoecological mapping of landscapes. The ISOCLUST classification enabled to create multi-spatiotemporal thematic maps of Pärnu area. The research method is based on the spatiotemporal analysis of the geospatial data, performed by means of GIS tools and remote sensing data. The images were downloaded from the Earth Science Data Interface, Global Land Cover Facility. The Landsat TM imagery include scenes of June 2006 and June 1992. Both images cover summer months, thus enabling vegetation coverage to be easily recognized.; 74 кулонометрия) и другие методы. Большое количество часов лабораторных ра-бот (70% от общего количества часов отведенных на изучение дисциплины), позволяют студентам на практике самостоятельно изучить основные современ-ные аналитические методы. Значительное внимание уделяется радиохимиче-скому анализу природных объектов, что связано с загрязнением окружающей среды естественными и искусственными радионуклидами. Поэтому в данном курсе предусмотрены работы по изучению методов дозиметрического контро-ля. Лабораторный практикум курса «Аналитические методы в геоэкологии» представлен следующими расчетно-аналитическими занятиями:-взвешивание на весах различных типов;-методы фильтрования растворов;-титриметрический метод определения общей щелочности и карбонатной жесткости воды;-спектрофотометрический метод определения концентрации вещества;-фотометрический метод определения нитритов с использованием реак-тива Грисса;-измерение рН раствора потенциометрическим методом;-оценка радиационной обстановки в помещениях и на открытом воздухе дозиметрическими методами. В рамках освоения каждого расчетно-аналитического занятия студенты свободно ориентируются в современных методах физико-химического анализа, могут выбирать аппаратуру в соответствии с типом образца, областью примене-ния, требуемой чувствительностью и точностью, использовать методы количе-ственного определения концентрации различных веществ и применять полу-ченные знания на практике для решения различных прикладных геоэкологиче-ских проблем. The goal of the study is to perform comparative analysis of image processing methods, enabled by means of IDRISI GIS software. The purpose has two aims. First, a spatial analysis of land cover types in the coastal landscapes of western Estonia, Pärnu area, at two various temporal dates. Second, an overview of the technical methods of IDRISI GIS enabling to evaluate image processing. The main research method consists in classification of satellite images for resulting geoecological mapping of landscapes. The ISOCLUST classification enabled to create multi-spatiotemporal thematic maps of Pärnu area (fig. 1). The research method is based on the spatiotem-poral analysis of the geospatial data, performed by means of GIS tools and remote

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      figshare
      Presentation . 2018
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: Datacite
      ResearchGate Data
      Presentation . 2014
      Data sources: Datacite
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