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  • Rural Digital Europe
  • 2018-2022
  • Open Access
  • Master thesis

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rodrigues, Edilaine Ferreira Reis;

    Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rovilson Mafalda Coorientadora: Profa. Dra. Silvia Lenyra Meirelles Campos Titotto Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão da Inovação, Santo André, 2018. Empresas de todos os setores econômicos reformulam a forma com que produzem bens e serviços com a finalidade de manter e ampliar sua base de clientes e o varejo é um desses setores. Uma das maneiras de fazer essa reformulação é através do uso de tecnologias e a esse processo dá-se o nome de Transformaçãao Digital. Pode-se dizer que uma das transformações mais significativas ocorridas no varejo nos últimos anos trata-se da introdução do comércio eletrônico, mas entende-se que o setor pode ainda se beneficiar com outras soluções implementadas em lojas físicas e com isso promover experiências mediadas por tecnologias aos seus clientes. Levando-se em conta a dificuldade na obtenção de dados e a falta de uniformidade de informações para produzir levantamentos das soluções tecnológicas utilizadas por empresas varejistas, esse trabalho propõe um método que permite conhecer o estado da Transformação Digital, a partir do levantamento de experiências práticas que o cliente pode vivenciar nas lojas físicas de varejo. Utilizou-se da observação participante para avaliar práticas existentes em 3 lojas físicas de cada um 4 principais segmentos do varejo brasileiro. A partir desse resultado, as empresas varejistas foram classificadas em um dos 4 níveis de maturidade da transformação digital, de acordo com parâmetros propostos para esse trabalho, e com isso deduziu-se o Estado da Transformação Digital do varejo brasileiro. Além disso, gráficos e um mapa contendo as principais tecnologias encontradas foram construídos com a finalidade de entender e comparar empresas varejistas do mesmo segmento e, também, efetuar a comparação dos diferentes segmentos de varejo. Companies of all economic sectors reformulate the way in which they produce goods and services in order to maintain and expand their customer base and retail is one of those sectors. The use of technologies is one way of performing this reformulation and this process is called Digital Transformation. One of the most signicant transformation that occurred in retail in recent years is the introduction of electronic commerce, but it is understood that the sector can still benet from other solutions implemented in physical stores and thereby promote experiences mediated by technologies to its customers. Taking into account the diculty of obtaining data and the lack of uniformed information to produce surveys of the technological solutions used by retailers, this research proposes a method that allows the knowledge of the Digital Transformation state, using the practical experiences that the customer can experience in physical retail stores. Participant observation tecnique was used to evaluate existing practices in 3 physical stores of each of the 4 main Brazilian retail segments. As result, the retail companies were classied in one of the 4 levels of maturity of the digital transformation, according to parameters proposed for this research, and then the State of Digital Transformation of the Brazilian retail was deduced. In addition, graphics and a map containing the main technologies found were constructed in order to understand and compare retailers in the same segment and also to compare the dierent retail segments.

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    Authors: Şahin, Tuğçe;

    Bu çalışma, 0900 Ziraat çeşidi kiraz meyvelerinin hasat sonrası görsel ve biyokimyasal kaliteninin arttırılmasında ultraviyole-B ve LED ışığın etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, kiraz meyvelerinin bir grubuna 10, 20 ve 40 dakika süreyle UV-B uygulandıktan sonra ambalajlanmış, diğer grubu ise ambalajlandıktan sonra mavi (M), kırmızı (KR) ve ultraviyole-A (UV-A) LED ışık altında depolanmıştır. Karanlık ortamda depolanan meyveler ise kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. 4 ± 1°C sıcaklık ve % 85-90 oransal nem şartlarında depolanan kirazlarda deneme başlangıcında ve haftalık aralıkla depodan alınan örneklerde; meyve elastikiyeti (N), suda çözünür kuru madde (SÇKM) miktarı (%), titre edilebilir asitlik (%), SÇKM/TEA oranı, Renk ölçümleri (L*, a*, b*, hue (ho) açısı, doygunluk indeksi, ∆E), şeker (fruktoz (%), glikoz (%) ve sakkaroz (%)) analizleri, toplam çözünür fenol miktarı (mg KAE / 100 mL), toplam antosiyanin miktarı (mg/kg TA), ağırlık kaybı (%), sap ağırlığı kaybı (%), yeşil sap oranı (%), enfeksiyon oranı (%) ve şiddeti, görsel kalite ve tat kalitesi ölçüm ve analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; kirazlarda meyve elastikiyetinin korunması, SÇKM miktarının arttırılması ve görsel kalitenin bakımından en iyi uygulamanın UVB40 olduğu; SÇKM/TEA oranı, fruktoz ve glikoz miktarı ve toplam çözünür fenol miktarının arttırılması ile antosiyanin miktarı, kırmızı renk ve tat kalitesinin korunması açısından ise en iyi uygulamanın UVB20 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. UVB10 uygulamasının ise enfeksiyon miktarının ve ağırlık kaybının azaltılmasında etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, KR uygulamasının titreedilebilir asit miktarının azaltılması, fruktoz, toplam çözünür fenol ve antosiyanin miktarının arttırılmasında kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. UV-A LED uygulamasının özellikle ağırlık kaybının azaltılmasında ve meyve sapının yeşil kalmasını sağlamada önemli olduğu; buna karşın UVB40 uygulamasının ise sap kararmasına yol açtığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, 0900 Ziraat çeşidi kiraz meyvelerinin soğukta depolanması süresince biyokimyasal ve görsel kalitesinin korunması için özellikle UVB20 (5,95 kJ/m2s) uygulamasının en iyi ve kullanılabilir bir uygulama olduğu görüşüne varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Depolama, Kalite, Kiraz, LED, UV-B. This study was carried out to determine the effects of ultraviolet-B and LED light on increasing postharvest visual and biochemical quality of 0900 Ziraat cherry fruits. In the study, a group of cherry fruits were packaged after applying UV-B for 10, 20 and 40 minutes and the other group was stored under blue (M), red (KR) and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) LED light after packaging. The fruits stored in the dark conditions were used as control. In cherries that stored in 4 ± 1°C temperature and 85-90% of the moisture conditions, the measurements and analyses which are the fruit elasticity (N), total soluble total solids (TSS, %), titratable acidity (TEA %), TSS / TEA ratio, color measurements (L *, a *, b *, hue (ho) angle, saturation index, ∆E), sugar (fructose (%), glucose (%) and sucrose (%)) analyzes, total soluble phenol content (mg KAE / 100 mL), total anthocyanin content (mg / kg TA), weight loss (% ), stem weight loss (%), green stem rate (%), infection rate (%) and severity, visual quality and taste quality were done at the beginning of the research and weekly intervals in the samples taken from the storage. As a result of the research, it was determined in cherries, that UVB40 is the best practice in terms of preserving fruit elasticity, increasing the amount of TSS, and visual quality while the best application was UVB20 in order to increase the TSS/TEA rate, fructose and clusose content, total soluble phenol content with red color and taste quality. UVB10 was found to be effective in reducing the amount of infection and weight loss. Furthermore, it was determined that the application of KR may be used to reduce the amount of titratable acid, increase the amount of fructose, total soluble phenol and anthocyanin. The application of UV-A LED is particularly important in reducing weight loss and ensuring that the fruit stem remains green; on the other hand, UVB40 application has been shown to lead to darkening of the fruit stem. As a result, it was concluded that the application of UVB20 (5.95 kJ / m2s) is the best and usable application for preserving the biochemical and visual quality of 0900 Ziraat cherry fruits during cold storage.Keywords: Storage, Quality, Cherry, LED, UV-B. 90

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    Authors: İlbay, Kazim;

    Solanaceae familyasına bağlı domates, patlıcan, patates, biber gibi bazı kültür bitkileri, tarımsal üretimde dünya çapında tartışmasız bir ekonomik öneme sahiptir. Diğer bazı bitkiler yanında bu bitkilerden de konukçu olarak yararlanan domates güvesi (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), özellikle açık/örtüaltı domates üretim alanlarında, son yıllardaki en ciddi zararlı tehditi haline gelmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında, Nevşehir ili ve ilçelerinde homojen dağıtılmış 33 adet delta tipi yapışkan tuzak kurulmuş ve T. absoluta'ya spesifik feromon içeren dispenserler ile zararlının 2013 yılı Mayıs-Aralık ayları arasındaki popülasyon değişimi izlenmiştir. Bahar ve yaz mevsiminde ayda iki kez, sonbahar döneminde birer aylık peryotlarla yapılan örneklemelerle T. absoluta'nın Nevşehir İli ve yöresindeki popülasyon yoğunluğu ve dalgalanması kaydedilerek incelenmiştir.Çalışmada tüm sezon ortalamasında en yüksek popülasyon düzeyi, sayım başına ortalama 100,5±14,4 bireyle Kozaklı İlçesinde kaydedilmiştir. Bunu sırasıyla Derinkuyu (72,6±11,6) ve Gülşehir (60,8±9,4) İlçeleri izlemiştir. Aylık bazda yapılan popülasyon değişimi değerlendirmelerinde tuzaklarda yakalanan birey sayısının Haziran ve Eylül aylarında hızla yükselişe geçtiği görülmüştür. Bu çerçevede, zararlının Nevşehir ili ve yöresinde yılda minimum iki döl verdiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada popülasyon değişimi ilçe bazında da incelenmiş ve gözlenen yüksek veya düşük popülasyon düzeylerinin o bölgelere özgü nedenleri tartışılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Tuta absoluta, popülasyon değişimi, mekânsal dağılım, feromon tuzağı Some culture plants belonging to Solanaceae family, like tomato, eggplant, potato and pepper, have a particular economical importance across the globe, without a doubt. Tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) which utilizes the above plants as host along with several other plants, become the most serious pest threat in recent years, especially in open/protected tomato cultivations. In this thesis study, pest's population was monitored with 33 Delta-type traps with dispensers containing T. absoluta specific pheromone, established across Nevşehir province at certain intervals. Pest's abundance and fluctuations in population were recorded and inspected by periodical samplings, carried out every 15 days in spring and summer and, once a month in autumn periods.The highest population level for the whole season were recorded in Kozaklı disctrict, with an average of 100.5±14.4 individuals per count. This is followed by Derinkuyu (72.6±11.6) and Gülşehir (60.8±9.4) districts. Evaluation of monthly population fluctuation data indicates a rapid increase at June and September. Therefore its concluded that the pest have minimum two generations per year, in Nevşehir province. Population fluctuations were further investigated per disctrict basis, and possible reasons of rises and falls of populations levels in the given disctrict were discussed.Keywords: Tuta absoluta, population fluctuation, spatial distribution, pheromone trap 96

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    Authors: Versteegh, Simone Johanna Aleida;

    Submitted by Susana Santos (susana.santos@universidadeeuropeia.pt) on 2020-07-07T13:18:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SimoneVersteegh-thesis.pdf: 49529336 bytes, checksum: 7551e8c44783d9a0883e3baf0f783251 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-07T13:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SimoneVersteegh-thesis.pdf: 49529336 bytes, checksum: 7551e8c44783d9a0883e3baf0f783251 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02

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    Master thesis . 2020
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      Master thesis . 2020
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    Authors: Aksu, Zeynel Abidin;

    Dünyada süs bitkileri üretimi 20. yüzyıl başlarında önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Günümüzde süs bitkileri sektörü dünya üzerinde hızla gelişim gösteren bir sektör olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Küreselleşme ve bunun sonucunda dünya üzerinde değişik bölgelerdeki gelire olan etkisine bağlı olarak çoğu ülkede kişi başına düşen süs bitkileri tüketiminin arttığı görülmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak dünya üzerindeki rekabet de git gide artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Mersin ilinin süs bitkisi yetiştirme, ithalat ve ihracatına ilişkin istatistiksel rakamlar ortaya koyularak, mevcut durumu analiz edilecektir. The production of ornamental plants in the world began to gain importance in the early 20th century. Today, the ornamental plant sector is a rapidly developing sector in the world.As a result of globalization and consequent effects on income in different regions of the world, it is seen that the consumption of ornamental plants per capita in most countries has increased. Consequently, competition on the world is increasing. In this study, statistical figures of ornamental plant cultivation, import and export of Mersin province will be determined and their current situation will be analyzed. 0

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    Authors: Kaya, Abdullah;

    TEZ12637 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2019. Kaynakça (s. 67-72) var. XIII, 73 s. :_res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ;_29 cm. Bu çalışma ile Adana ili Balcalı yöresinde bulunan bir pamuk tarlasında 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında Çiğit emici böceği, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)’in popülasyon değişimi ve zarar durumu araştırılmıştır. Bunun yanında Çiğit emici böceği’nin, avcı böceklerle ve bitki fenolojisiyle olan ilişkisi de belirlenmiştir Tarla denemeleri, Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü Araştırma ve Uygulama Alanında yürütülmüştür. Oxycarenus hyalinipennis ergin popülasyon yoğunluğu, tarak, çiçek ve kozalarda temmuz ayı ortasından sonra artmış, ağustos’un ilk haftasından sonra azalmıştır. Nimf popülasyon yoğunluğu koza açımının yüksek olduğu eylül ayında nispeten daha yüksek olmuştur. Erginler çoğunlukla tarak (2017 ve 2018 yılında sırasıyla %30.37 ve %34.44) veya kozalarda (2017 ve 2018 yılında sırasıyla %35.19 ve %27.16) bulunurken, nimfler daha çok açılmış kozalarda (2017 ve 2018 yılında sırasıyla %65.03 ve %57.45) yüksek oranda kaydedilmişlerdir. Avcı arthropoda popülasyon yoğunluğu O. hyalinipennis’e göre daha düşük olup, aralarında zayıf ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Spesifik avcısı bulunamamıştır. Yapılan kafes denemeleriyle, ergin dişilerin tarak ve koza organlarında zararlı olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Erginlerin bu generatif organların iç kısımlarından salgılanan kimyasal kokulardan dolayı burada bulunduğunu fakat beslenseler bile (gerekli olan enerji ihtiyacını karşılamak için) tarak ve kozalarda dökülme ve lekelenmeye neden olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. In this study, population fluctuations and pest status of Cotton seed bug (Oxycarenus hyalinipennis) (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in a cotton field were investigated in Balcalı region of Adana province, Turkey during the years of 2017- 2018. Besides, the relationship between Cotton seed bug and predatory insects and plant phenology has been also investigated. Field trials were carried out in the Research and Application Area of Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Çukurova University. The adult population densities of O. hyalinipennis started to increase after mid-July on square, flower and bolls and thereafter densities declined after the first week of August. The nymph population densities were relatively higher in September, when numbers of opening boll were higher. Adults were mostly found on squares (30% and 34.44% in 2017 and 2018, respectively) or on bolls (35.19% and 27.16% in 2017 and 2018, respectively), while nymphs were mostly found on opened bolls (65.03% and 57.45% in 2017 and 2018, respectively). The population densities of predatory arthropods were lower than that of O. hyalinipennis, and the relationship between them was found to be weak. No specific predators were found. In the plant cage experiments, it was determined that adult females are not harmful on square and boll structures. It has been concluded that adults are here because of chemical smells secreted from the inner parts of these generative organs, but they do not cause spilling and staining in square and bolls even if they are fed (in order to the energy needed). Bu Çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje no: FYL-2018-10465.

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    Authors: Çoma, Gizem;

    Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde ve bölgemizde gittikçe zararı artan sünenin (Eurygaster spp), buğday kalitesi üzerine olan zarar etkisini belirlemek amacıyla; protein oranı, unda nem miktarı, bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, gluten oranı, gluten indeksi, sedimantasyon, beklemeli sedimantasyon ve düşme sayısı (falling number) üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada 2014-2015 yılında kıraç koşullarda yetiştirilen Bezostaja-1, Sönmez-2001 ve Yunus çeşitlerinden elde edilen tohumlar kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre süne, protein oranına fazla etki etmemekte ancak protein kalitesine etki etmektedir. Diğer taraftan, süne zararı undaki nem miktarına etki etmemekle birlikte, %14 civarında nem miktarı ekmek yapım özelliğini arttırmaktadır. Bin tane ve hektolitre ağırlığı, çeşitlere ve tane kalitesine bağlı iken, süne zararının bu faktörlere etkisi bulunmamaktadır. Bu özellikler dolayısıyla Bezotaja-1 çeşidi unda nem miktarı, bin tane ağırlığı ve hektolitre ağırlığı yönünden en iyi çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde gluten oranı da, çeşitler arası farklılık gösteren, fakat süne zararından önemli oranda etkilenmeyen bir özellik olup, Sönmez-2001 çeşidi en fazla gluten oranına sahip çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Gluten indeks değeri, sedimantasyon, beklemeli sedimantasyon ve düşme sayısı; hem genotipik farklılıktan, hem de süne zararından oldukça etkilenen özellikler olarak belirlenmiştir. Sedimantasyonun süne zararından fazla etkilenmediği tespit edilmiş olup, beklemeli sedimantasyonun, %3 süne zararından sonra değerinin düştüğü tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgulara göre Bezostaja-1 çeşidi en kaliteli çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Gluten indeksi, artan süne zararı ile birlikte düşmekte ve %3 den fazla süne zararı da düşme sayısına olumsuz etki etmektedir. Bu iki özellik bakımından da Yunus çeşidi en kaliteli çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu açıklamalar doğrultusunda Bezostaja-1 ve Sönmez-2001 çeşitleri kaliteli çeşitler olarak belirlenmekle birlikte süne zararının protein oranı, bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, gluten oranı ve nem oranı üzerine etkisinin olmadığı ve bu özellikler yönünden farklılıkların çeşitlerden kaynaklandığı; yine süne zararının gluten indeks, sedimantasyon, beklemeli sedimantasyon, düşme sayısı üzerine etki yaptığı ve süne zarar eşiğinin %3 olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sun pest (Eurygaster integriceps) damage on protein content, flour moisture content, sedimentation, thousand grain weight, test weight, wet gluten content, gluten index, modified sedimentation and falling number in bread wheat genotype. Study was conducted in the seeds of wheat genotype Bezostaja-1, Sönmez-2001 and Yunus grown in dryland conditions of 2014-2015 crop growing seasons. Results rewealed that sunn pest didn't have insignificant effect on protein content, sun pest significantly affected protein quality. Use of Sönmez-2001 and Bezostaja-1 in crop production is so essencial to increase high quality cropproduction. Moreover, one moisture content is unaffected from sunn pest damage, it is aimed to be 14% in bread making quality. Thousand grain weight and test weight seemed to be insensitive to sunn pest damage significant differences occured between genotype. Bezostaja-1 was determined as the highest quality genotype in moisture content, test weight and thousand grain weight. Similar trend was observed in wet gluten content and Sönmez-2001 had the highest quality. Gluten index, sedimentation, modified sedimentation and falling number significantly, affected from sunn pest and genotypic differeces decrease occured with increasing sunn pest damage and Yunus had the highest value. Quality of sedimentation and modified sedimentation were significantly decreased after 3% sunn pest damage level. The hightest sedimentation and modified sedimentation contents belonged to Bezostaja-1. Falling number has drawn similar trend and after 3% sunn pest damage quality decreased and Yunus had the highest value. Thus, Bezostaja-1 and Sönmez-2001 genotypes were determined as higher quality genotypes. Insignificant effect were observed in protein content, thousand grain weight, test weight, wet glutencontent, and moisture content significant differences belonged to genotype differeces. Sunn pest damage was determined as significant in glutenindex, sedimentation, modified sedimentation and falling number on sunn pest damage threshold was determined as 3%. 67

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    Authors: Uzun, Müge;

    Araştırma iki parselden oluşmakta ve birinci parseli Tekirdağ il sınırları içerisindeki organik tarım sertifikalı ŞatoNuzun Bağcılık ve Şarapçılık Ltd. firması bağlarında bulunmaktadır. Bağ 41° 02' 20.74` K ile 27° 48' 41.90` D koordinatları arasındadır. Rakımı 130m'dir ve 13 yaşındadır. Sıra arası ve sıra üzeri mesafesi 2x2.5 m ve VSP telli sisteme sahiptir. Bağın dikim yönü Kuzey-Güney olup, %18 eğimlidir. Bağda Cabernet Sauvignon/1103P aşı kombinasyonuna sahip omcalar kullanılmıştır. Diğer parsel Tekirdağ merkez ilçede bulunan Yazır Köyü' nde, 40° 55' 38.59` K ve 27° 25' 20.93` D koordinatları arasında yer alan Umurbey Vineyards bağlarında yetiştiriciliği yapılmakta olan 5BB anacı üzerine aşılı Cabernet Sauvigon üzüm çeşidi asmalarından oluşmuştur. Stres düzeylerine göre bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş olan deneme, Organik ve Konvansiyonel (K) olmak üzere iki Ana Parsel ve ikişer Alt Parsele ayrılmıştır. Ψşö şafak öncesi yaprak su potansiyeli sonuçlarına göre 8 MPa'dan düşük olan ve 8 MPa'dan büyük olan omcalar belirlenip arazi ve toprak tipine göre kıraç arazi ve taban arazi olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Kıraç arazide Kontrol, Stres 1, Stres 2 düzeyi ve Taban arazide Kontrol, Stres 1 ve Stres 2 olarak 6 ayrı grup vardır. Her grup için 3 tekerrür; her tekerrür için 2 asma ve her asmadan 4'er salkım olarak deneme kurulmuştur. Hasat yapılan salkım özellikleri incelenmiş ve taneleri çaplarına göre 4 ayrı grupta toplanmıştır (10mm-12mm, 12mm-14mm, 14mm-16mm). Üzümler boyut gruplarına ve stres düzeylerine göre Kontrol (K), Stres 1 (S1> - 0,8 MPa) ve Stres 2 (S2 < -0,8 MPa) özellikleri ve şıra içeriğine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Deneme sonucunda tane boyutlarının içerdiği fenol, antosiyanin, antioksidan değerlerinin toprak yapısına, verim, bağcılık yöntemi, suya erişilebiliğine bağlı olarak hasat zamanı değişkenlik göstereceği öngörülmüştür. The first parcel of the researched field is a certified organic vineyard of Chateau Nuzun which is located in Çeşmeli village of Tekirdağ. The coordinates of this vineyard is 41° 2' 20.74` N and 27° 48' 41.90` E. It is elevation is 130 m and it is 13 years old. In the VSP trained vineyard, the row spacing is 2.5m and spacing between vines is 2m. It has a slope of 18% and row direction is north to south. The vineyard is composed of cv Cabernet Sauvignon plants which are grafted over 1103P rootstock. The second parcel of the researched field is a a conventional vineyard of Umurbey which is located in Yazır village of Tekirdağ with coordinates of 40° 55' 38.59` N and 27° 25' 20.93` E. In this vineyard cv Cabernet Sauvignon is grafted over 5BB rootstock. Our research is performed in cv. Cabernet Sauvignon vines with different water stress levels. In both organic and conventional (K) vineyards, our trial design has 2 main parcels and 2 sub-parcels with 3 replicates. The vine plants are grouped based on, Ψşö, leaf water potential before sun-set as lower than -0,8 MPa and greater than -0,8 MPa after in filed measurements. This grape vines are classified based on soil type as being deep soil and shallow soil. There are 6 different groups composed of Control, Stress-1 and Stress-2 in shallow soil and Control, Stress-1 and Stress-2 in deep soil. The trial is performed for each group as 3 replicates for each of which there are 2 plants and for each plant we collected 4 random grape bunches. The bunches picked are first analyzed based on the bunch lenght and width then they are destemmed and sorted based on berry sized as 10mm-12mm, 12mm-14mm, 14mm-16mm. Berry size and stress levels combined together, i.e. Control (K), Stress 1 (S1 > -0,8 MPa) and Stress 2 (S2 < -0,8 MPa), determined the grouping to extract juice to analize. At the end of this trial, based on berry sizes, the values of fenol, antosiyanin, antioxidan are shown to be dependent to soil type, yield, viticulture practices as well as water availabilty at different harvest times. 173

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    Authors: Farré Guarné, Joan;

    This work presents an analytical formulation to assess the six-degrees-of-freedom motion-induced error on floating Doppler Wind lidars (FDWL). Error products are the horizontal wind speed bias and apparent turbulence intensity. Departing from a geometrical formulation of the FDWL attitude and of the lidar retrieval algorithm, the rotational and translational motion contributions to the FDWL-measured total error are computed. Central to this process is the interpretation of the velocity-azimuth-display retrieval algorithm in terms of a first-order Fourier series. The obtained 6-DoF formulation is numerically validated by means of a floating-lidar motion simulator and, experimentally, in the framework of the 25-day near off-shore measurement campaign carried out at Pont del Petroli, Barcelona, involving a fixed and a floating ZephIR TM 300 lidar. The proposed formulation proved itself able to estimate the motion-induced FDWL horizontal-wind-speed bias and returned similar percentiles to when comparing the FDWL to the fixed lidar. The estimations of the turbulence intensity increment statistically matched the FDWL measurements under all motional scenarios when clustering the data as a function of the buoy mean tilt and translational velocity. Este trabajo presenta una formulación analítica para evaluar el error inducido por el movimiento de seis grados de libertad en los lidares eólicos Doppler flotantes (FDWL). Los productos del error son el sesgo de la velocidad horizontal del viento y la intensidad de la turbulencia aparente. Partiendo de una formulación geométrica de la actitud del FDWL y del algoritmo de recuperación del lidar, se calculan las contribuciones del movimiento rotacional y traslacional al error total medido por el FDWL. Un aspecto central de este proceso es la interpretación del algoritmo de recuperación de velocidad-azimut-disparo en términos de una serie de Fourier de primer orden. La formulación 6-DoF obtenida se valida numéricamente mediante un simulador de movimiento de un lidar flotante y, experimentalmente, en el marco de la campaña de medición de 25 días cerca de la costa llevada a cabo en Pont del Petroli, Barcelona, con un lidar ZephIR TM 300 fijo y otro flotante. La formulación propuesta demostró ser capaz de estimar el sesgo de la velocidad del viento horizontal inducido por el movimiento del FDWL y devolvió percentiles similares al comparar el FDWL con el lidar fijo. Las estimaciones del incremento de la intensidad de la turbulencia coincidieron estadísticamente con las mediciones del FDWL en todos los escenarios de movimiento al agrupar los datos en función de la inclinación media de la boya y la velocidad de traslación. Aquest treball presenta una formulació analítica per avaluar l'error induït pel moviment de sis graus de llibertat als llidars eòlics Doppler flotants (FDWL). Els productes de l'error són el biaix de la velocitat horitzontal del vent i la intensitat de la turbulència aparent. Partint d'una formulació geomètrica de l'actitud del FDWL i de l'algorisme de recuperació del lidar, es calculen les contribucions del moviment rotacional i translacional a l'error total mesurat pel FDWL. Un aspecte central d'aquest procés és la interpretació de l'algorisme de recuperació de velocitat-azimut-tret en termes d'una sèrie de Fourier de primer ordre. La formulació 6-DoF obtinguda es valida numèricament mitjançant un simulador de moviment d'un lidar flotant i, experimentalment, en el marc de la campanya de mesurament de 25 dies a prop de la costa duta a terme a Pont del Petroli, Barcelona, ??amb un lidar ZephIR TM 300 fix i un altre flotant. La formulació proposada va demostrar ser capaç d'estimar el biaix de la velocitat del vent horitzontal induït pel moviment del FDWL i va tornar percentils similars en comparar el FDWL amb el lidar fix. Les estimacions de l'increment de la intensitat de la turbulència van coincidir estadísticament amb els mesuraments del FDWL a tots els escenaris de moviment en agrupar les dades en funció de la inclinació mitjana de la boia i la velocitat de translació.

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    Authors: Sari, Fatih;

    Bu çalışma 2016 yılında biberde mineral gübre, vermikompost ve deniz yosunu uygulamalarının verim kalite ve bitki gelişimi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada sadece mineral gübre uygulaması kontrol (K) olarak adlandırılmış; mineral gübreye ek olarak, vermikompost uygulaması (300kg/da) (MG+V) olarak, deniz yosunu uygulaması (toplamda 400cc/400lt) (MG+A) olarak, aynı dozlarda hem vermikompost hem de deniz yosunu uygulaması ise (MG+V+A) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 yinelemeli olarak planlanmış her konunun her bir tekerrüründe 33 bitki yer almıştır. Denemede bitkide verim, tek meyve ağırlığı, meyve sayısı, meyve boyu, meyve çapı, meyve eti kalınlığı, meyve iç ve dış rengi, pH ve TETA, SÇKM, toplam fenolik bileşik miktarı, indirgen ve toplam şeker miktarı, C vitamini miktarı, ortalama çimlenme zamanı, çimlenme oranı, bin dane ağırlığı, ekimden ilk çiçeklenmeye ve ilk meyve tutumuna kadar geçen gün sayısı, toplam yaprak alanı incelenmiştir. Bitki başına verimin temel mineral gübreye ek üst gübre uygulanan tüm uygulamalarda kontrol uygulamasından yüksek olduğu (K 468,82 g, MG+A 677,78 g, MG+V 637,59 g, MG+V+A 652,52 g), tek meyve ağırlığı (en yüksek değeri MG+V+A 95,40 g, en düşük değeri MG+A 85,01 g), meyve sayısı (en yüksek değeri MG+A 8,00 adet, en düşük değeri MG+V+A 6,73 adet), et kalınlığı (en yüksek değeri MG+V 4,66 mm, en düşük değeri MG+V+A 4,46 mm) ve TETA (en yüksek değeri K % 0,24, en düşük değeri MG+V ve MG+V+A % 0,23) değeri bakımından uygulamalar arasında istatistiksel anlamda önemli farklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: Vermikompost, Deniz Yosunu, Biber, Verim, Mineral Gübre. This research was carried out to determine the effects of mineral fertilizers, vermicompost and seaweed extract application to yield, quality and plant development of sweet pepper in open field conditions in 2016. Mineral fertilizer application was considered as control. Application of mineral fertilizers as base dressing and 300 kg/da vermicompost as side dressing (MF+V), mineral fertilizers as base dressing and 400cc/da seaweed extract as side dressing (MF+A), and mineral fertilizers as base dressing and 300kg/da vermicompost + 400cc/da seaweed extract as side dressing (MF+V+A) along with control were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Yield individual, fruit weight, fruit number, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit flesh thickness, epidermis and flesh colour, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total phenolics, total and invert sugar content, vitamin C, mean germination time, rate of germination, thousand seed weight, days to first blooming, days to fruit set, total leaf area were determined in theresearch.According to results yield of perpland was higher when vermicompost and seaweed extract were applied as side dressing(C:486,82 g, MF+A:677,78 g, MF+V:637,59 g, MF+V+A:652,52 g).Statistical differences were detected between applications in terms of fruit weight (highest with MF+V+A 95,40 g, lowest with MF+A 85,01 g), fruit number (highest with MF+A 8,00 adet, lowest with MF+V+A 6,73 adet), fruit flesh thickness (highest with MF+V 4,66 mm, lowest with MF+V+A 4,46 mm) and titratable acidity (highest from K % 0,24, lowest from MF+V ve MF+V+A % 0,23).Keywords: Vermicompost, Seaweed, Pepper, Yield, Mineral Fertilizer. 93

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rodrigues, Edilaine Ferreira Reis;

    Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rovilson Mafalda Coorientadora: Profa. Dra. Silvia Lenyra Meirelles Campos Titotto Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão da Inovação, Santo André, 2018. Empresas de todos os setores econômicos reformulam a forma com que produzem bens e serviços com a finalidade de manter e ampliar sua base de clientes e o varejo é um desses setores. Uma das maneiras de fazer essa reformulação é através do uso de tecnologias e a esse processo dá-se o nome de Transformaçãao Digital. Pode-se dizer que uma das transformações mais significativas ocorridas no varejo nos últimos anos trata-se da introdução do comércio eletrônico, mas entende-se que o setor pode ainda se beneficiar com outras soluções implementadas em lojas físicas e com isso promover experiências mediadas por tecnologias aos seus clientes. Levando-se em conta a dificuldade na obtenção de dados e a falta de uniformidade de informações para produzir levantamentos das soluções tecnológicas utilizadas por empresas varejistas, esse trabalho propõe um método que permite conhecer o estado da Transformação Digital, a partir do levantamento de experiências práticas que o cliente pode vivenciar nas lojas físicas de varejo. Utilizou-se da observação participante para avaliar práticas existentes em 3 lojas físicas de cada um 4 principais segmentos do varejo brasileiro. A partir desse resultado, as empresas varejistas foram classificadas em um dos 4 níveis de maturidade da transformação digital, de acordo com parâmetros propostos para esse trabalho, e com isso deduziu-se o Estado da Transformação Digital do varejo brasileiro. Além disso, gráficos e um mapa contendo as principais tecnologias encontradas foram construídos com a finalidade de entender e comparar empresas varejistas do mesmo segmento e, também, efetuar a comparação dos diferentes segmentos de varejo. Companies of all economic sectors reformulate the way in which they produce goods and services in order to maintain and expand their customer base and retail is one of those sectors. The use of technologies is one way of performing this reformulation and this process is called Digital Transformation. One of the most signicant transformation that occurred in retail in recent years is the introduction of electronic commerce, but it is understood that the sector can still benet from other solutions implemented in physical stores and thereby promote experiences mediated by technologies to its customers. Taking into account the diculty of obtaining data and the lack of uniformed information to produce surveys of the technological solutions used by retailers, this research proposes a method that allows the knowledge of the Digital Transformation state, using the practical experiences that the customer can experience in physical retail stores. Participant observation tecnique was used to evaluate existing practices in 3 physical stores of each of the 4 main Brazilian retail segments. As result, the retail companies were classied in one of the 4 levels of maturity of the digital transformation, according to parameters proposed for this research, and then the State of Digital Transformation of the Brazilian retail was deduced. In addition, graphics and a map containing the main technologies found were constructed in order to understand and compare retailers in the same segment and also to compare the dierent retail segments.

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    Authors: Şahin, Tuğçe;

    Bu çalışma, 0900 Ziraat çeşidi kiraz meyvelerinin hasat sonrası görsel ve biyokimyasal kaliteninin arttırılmasında ultraviyole-B ve LED ışığın etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, kiraz meyvelerinin bir grubuna 10, 20 ve 40 dakika süreyle UV-B uygulandıktan sonra ambalajlanmış, diğer grubu ise ambalajlandıktan sonra mavi (M), kırmızı (KR) ve ultraviyole-A (UV-A) LED ışık altında depolanmıştır. Karanlık ortamda depolanan meyveler ise kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. 4 ± 1°C sıcaklık ve % 85-90 oransal nem şartlarında depolanan kirazlarda deneme başlangıcında ve haftalık aralıkla depodan alınan örneklerde; meyve elastikiyeti (N), suda çözünür kuru madde (SÇKM) miktarı (%), titre edilebilir asitlik (%), SÇKM/TEA oranı, Renk ölçümleri (L*, a*, b*, hue (ho) açısı, doygunluk indeksi, ∆E), şeker (fruktoz (%), glikoz (%) ve sakkaroz (%)) analizleri, toplam çözünür fenol miktarı (mg KAE / 100 mL), toplam antosiyanin miktarı (mg/kg TA), ağırlık kaybı (%), sap ağırlığı kaybı (%), yeşil sap oranı (%), enfeksiyon oranı (%) ve şiddeti, görsel kalite ve tat kalitesi ölçüm ve analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; kirazlarda meyve elastikiyetinin korunması, SÇKM miktarının arttırılması ve görsel kalitenin bakımından en iyi uygulamanın UVB40 olduğu; SÇKM/TEA oranı, fruktoz ve glikoz miktarı ve toplam çözünür fenol miktarının arttırılması ile antosiyanin miktarı, kırmızı renk ve tat kalitesinin korunması açısından ise en iyi uygulamanın UVB20 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. UVB10 uygulamasının ise enfeksiyon miktarının ve ağırlık kaybının azaltılmasında etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, KR uygulamasının titreedilebilir asit miktarının azaltılması, fruktoz, toplam çözünür fenol ve antosiyanin miktarının arttırılmasında kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. UV-A LED uygulamasının özellikle ağırlık kaybının azaltılmasında ve meyve sapının yeşil kalmasını sağlamada önemli olduğu; buna karşın UVB40 uygulamasının ise sap kararmasına yol açtığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, 0900 Ziraat çeşidi kiraz meyvelerinin soğukta depolanması süresince biyokimyasal ve görsel kalitesinin korunması için özellikle UVB20 (5,95 kJ/m2s) uygulamasının en iyi ve kullanılabilir bir uygulama olduğu görüşüne varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Depolama, Kalite, Kiraz, LED, UV-B. This study was carried out to determine the effects of ultraviolet-B and LED light on increasing postharvest visual and biochemical quality of 0900 Ziraat cherry fruits. In the study, a group of cherry fruits were packaged after applying UV-B for 10, 20 and 40 minutes and the other group was stored under blue (M), red (KR) and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) LED light after packaging. The fruits stored in the dark conditions were used as control. In cherries that stored in 4 ± 1°C temperature and 85-90% of the moisture conditions, the measurements and analyses which are the fruit elasticity (N), total soluble total solids (TSS, %), titratable acidity (TEA %), TSS / TEA ratio, color measurements (L *, a *, b *, hue (ho) angle, saturation index, ∆E), sugar (fructose (%), glucose (%) and sucrose (%)) analyzes, total soluble phenol content (mg KAE / 100 mL), total anthocyanin content (mg / kg TA), weight loss (% ), stem weight loss (%), green stem rate (%), infection rate (%) and severity, visual quality and taste quality were done at the beginning of the research and weekly intervals in the samples taken from the storage. As a result of the research, it was determined in cherries, that UVB40 is the best practice in terms of preserving fruit elasticity, increasing the amount of TSS, and visual quality while the best application was UVB20 in order to increase the TSS/TEA rate, fructose and clusose content, total soluble phenol content with red color and taste quality. UVB10 was found to be effective in reducing the amount of infection and weight loss. Furthermore, it was determined that the application of KR may be used to reduce the amount of titratable acid, increase the amount of fructose, total soluble phenol and anthocyanin. The application of UV-A LED is particularly important in reducing weight loss and ensuring that the fruit stem remains green; on the other hand, UVB40 application has been shown to lead to darkening of the fruit stem. As a result, it was concluded that the application of UVB20 (5.95 kJ / m2s) is the best and usable application for preserving the biochemical and visual quality of 0900 Ziraat cherry fruits during cold storage.Keywords: Storage, Quality, Cherry, LED, UV-B. 90

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    Authors: İlbay, Kazim;

    Solanaceae familyasına bağlı domates, patlıcan, patates, biber gibi bazı kültür bitkileri, tarımsal üretimde dünya çapında tartışmasız bir ekonomik öneme sahiptir. Diğer bazı bitkiler yanında bu bitkilerden de konukçu olarak yararlanan domates güvesi (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), özellikle açık/örtüaltı domates üretim alanlarında, son yıllardaki en ciddi zararlı tehditi haline gelmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında, Nevşehir ili ve ilçelerinde homojen dağıtılmış 33 adet delta tipi yapışkan tuzak kurulmuş ve T. absoluta'ya spesifik feromon içeren dispenserler ile zararlının 2013 yılı Mayıs-Aralık ayları arasındaki popülasyon değişimi izlenmiştir. Bahar ve yaz mevsiminde ayda iki kez, sonbahar döneminde birer aylık peryotlarla yapılan örneklemelerle T. absoluta'nın Nevşehir İli ve yöresindeki popülasyon yoğunluğu ve dalgalanması kaydedilerek incelenmiştir.Çalışmada tüm sezon ortalamasında en yüksek popülasyon düzeyi, sayım başına ortalama 100,5±14,4 bireyle Kozaklı İlçesinde kaydedilmiştir. Bunu sırasıyla Derinkuyu (72,6±11,6) ve Gülşehir (60,8±9,4) İlçeleri izlemiştir. Aylık bazda yapılan popülasyon değişimi değerlendirmelerinde tuzaklarda yakalanan birey sayısının Haziran ve Eylül aylarında hızla yükselişe geçtiği görülmüştür. Bu çerçevede, zararlının Nevşehir ili ve yöresinde yılda minimum iki döl verdiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada popülasyon değişimi ilçe bazında da incelenmiş ve gözlenen yüksek veya düşük popülasyon düzeylerinin o bölgelere özgü nedenleri tartışılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Tuta absoluta, popülasyon değişimi, mekânsal dağılım, feromon tuzağı Some culture plants belonging to Solanaceae family, like tomato, eggplant, potato and pepper, have a particular economical importance across the globe, without a doubt. Tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) which utilizes the above plants as host along with several other plants, become the most serious pest threat in recent years, especially in open/protected tomato cultivations. In this thesis study, pest's population was monitored with 33 Delta-type traps with dispensers containing T. absoluta specific pheromone, established across Nevşehir province at certain intervals. Pest's abundance and fluctuations in population were recorded and inspected by periodical samplings, carried out every 15 days in spring and summer and, once a month in autumn periods.The highest population level for the whole season were recorded in Kozaklı disctrict, with an average of 100.5±14.4 individuals per count. This is followed by Derinkuyu (72.6±11.6) and Gülşehir (60.8±9.4) districts. Evaluation of monthly population fluctuation data indicates a rapid increase at June and September. Therefore its concluded that the pest have minimum two generations per year, in Nevşehir province. Population fluctuations were further investigated per disctrict basis, and possible reasons of rises and falls of populations levels in the given disctrict were discussed.Keywords: Tuta absoluta, population fluctuation, spatial distribution, pheromone trap 96

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    Authors: Versteegh, Simone Johanna Aleida;

    Submitted by Susana Santos (susana.santos@universidadeeuropeia.pt) on 2020-07-07T13:18:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SimoneVersteegh-thesis.pdf: 49529336 bytes, checksum: 7551e8c44783d9a0883e3baf0f783251 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-07T13:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SimoneVersteegh-thesis.pdf: 49529336 bytes, checksum: 7551e8c44783d9a0883e3baf0f783251 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02

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    Master thesis . 2020
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      Repositório Comum
      Master thesis . 2020
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    Authors: Aksu, Zeynel Abidin;

    Dünyada süs bitkileri üretimi 20. yüzyıl başlarında önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Günümüzde süs bitkileri sektörü dünya üzerinde hızla gelişim gösteren bir sektör olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Küreselleşme ve bunun sonucunda dünya üzerinde değişik bölgelerdeki gelire olan etkisine bağlı olarak çoğu ülkede kişi başına düşen süs bitkileri tüketiminin arttığı görülmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak dünya üzerindeki rekabet de git gide artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Mersin ilinin süs bitkisi yetiştirme, ithalat ve ihracatına ilişkin istatistiksel rakamlar ortaya koyularak, mevcut durumu analiz edilecektir. The production of ornamental plants in the world began to gain importance in the early 20th century. Today, the ornamental plant sector is a rapidly developing sector in the world.As a result of globalization and consequent effects on income in different regions of the world, it is seen that the consumption of ornamental plants per capita in most countries has increased. Consequently, competition on the world is increasing. In this study, statistical figures of ornamental plant cultivation, import and export of Mersin province will be determined and their current situation will be analyzed. 0

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    Authors: Kaya, Abdullah;

    TEZ12637 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2019. Kaynakça (s. 67-72) var. XIII, 73 s. :_res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ;_29 cm. Bu çalışma ile Adana ili Balcalı yöresinde bulunan bir pamuk tarlasında 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında Çiğit emici böceği, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)’in popülasyon değişimi ve zarar durumu araştırılmıştır. Bunun yanında Çiğit emici böceği’nin, avcı böceklerle ve bitki fenolojisiyle olan ilişkisi de belirlenmiştir Tarla denemeleri, Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü Araştırma ve Uygulama Alanında yürütülmüştür. Oxycarenus hyalinipennis ergin popülasyon yoğunluğu, tarak, çiçek ve kozalarda temmuz ayı ortasından sonra artmış, ağustos’un ilk haftasından sonra azalmıştır. Nimf popülasyon yoğunluğu koza açımının yüksek olduğu eylül ayında nispeten daha yüksek olmuştur. Erginler çoğunlukla tarak (2017 ve 2018 yılında sırasıyla %30.37 ve %34.44) veya kozalarda (2017 ve 2018 yılında sırasıyla %35.19 ve %27.16) bulunurken, nimfler daha çok açılmış kozalarda (2017 ve 2018 yılında sırasıyla %65.03 ve %57.45) yüksek oranda kaydedilmişlerdir. Avcı arthropoda popülasyon yoğunluğu O. hyalinipennis’e göre daha düşük olup, aralarında zayıf ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Spesifik avcısı bulunamamıştır. Yapılan kafes denemeleriyle, ergin dişilerin tarak ve koza organlarında zararlı olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Erginlerin bu generatif organların iç kısımlarından salgılanan kimyasal kokulardan dolayı burada bulunduğunu fakat beslenseler bile (gerekli olan enerji ihtiyacını karşılamak için) tarak ve kozalarda dökülme ve lekelenmeye neden olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. In this study, population fluctuations and pest status of Cotton seed bug (Oxycarenus hyalinipennis) (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in a cotton field were investigated in Balcalı region of Adana province, Turkey during the years of 2017- 2018. Besides, the relationship between Cotton seed bug and predatory insects and plant phenology has been also investigated. Field trials were carried out in the Research and Application Area of Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Çukurova University. The adult population densities of O. hyalinipennis started to increase after mid-July on square, flower and bolls and thereafter densities declined after the first week of August. The nymph population densities were relatively higher in September, when numbers of opening boll were higher. Adults were mostly found on squares (30% and 34.44% in 2017 and 2018, respectively) or on bolls (35.19% and 27.16% in 2017 and 2018, respectively), while nymphs were mostly found on opened bolls (65.03% and 57.45% in 2017 and 2018, respectively). The population densities of predatory arthropods were lower than that of O. hyalinipennis, and the relationship between them was found to be weak. No specific predators were found. In the plant cage experiments, it was determined that adult females are not harmful on square and boll structures. It has been concluded that adults are here because of chemical smells secreted from the inner parts of these generative organs, but they do not cause spilling and staining in square and bolls even if they are fed (in order to the energy needed). Bu Çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje no: FYL-2018-10465.

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    Authors: Çoma, Gizem;

    Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde ve bölgemizde gittikçe zararı artan sünenin (Eurygaster spp), buğday kalitesi üzerine olan zarar etkisini belirlemek amacıyla; protein oranı, unda nem miktarı, bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, gluten oranı, gluten indeksi, sedimantasyon, beklemeli sedimantasyon ve düşme sayısı (falling number) üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada 2014-2015 yılında kıraç koşullarda yetiştirilen Bezostaja-1, Sönmez-2001 ve Yunus çeşitlerinden elde edilen tohumlar kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre süne, protein oranına fazla etki etmemekte ancak protein kalitesine etki etmektedir. Diğer taraftan, süne zararı undaki nem miktarına etki etmemekle birlikte, %14 civarında nem miktarı ekmek yapım özelliğini arttırmaktadır. Bin tane ve hektolitre ağırlığı, çeşitlere ve tane kalitesine bağlı iken, süne zararının bu faktörlere etkisi bulunmamaktadır. Bu özellikler dolayısıyla Bezotaja-1 çeşidi unda nem miktarı, bin tane ağırlığı ve hektolitre ağırlığı yönünden en iyi çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde gluten oranı da, çeşitler arası farklılık gösteren, fakat süne zararından önemli oranda etkilenmeyen bir özellik olup, Sönmez-2001 çeşidi en fazla gluten oranına sahip çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Gluten indeks değeri, sedimantasyon, beklemeli sedimantasyon ve düşme sayısı; hem genotipik farklılıktan, hem de süne zararından oldukça etkilenen özellikler olarak belirlenmiştir. Sedimantasyonun süne zararından fazla etkilenmediği tespit edilmiş olup, beklemeli sedimantasyonun, %3 süne zararından sonra değerinin düştüğü tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgulara göre Bezostaja-1 çeşidi en kaliteli çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Gluten indeksi, artan süne zararı ile birlikte düşmekte ve %3 den fazla süne zararı da düşme sayısına olumsuz etki etmektedir. Bu iki özellik bakımından da Yunus çeşidi en kaliteli çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu açıklamalar doğrultusunda Bezostaja-1 ve Sönmez-2001 çeşitleri kaliteli çeşitler olarak belirlenmekle birlikte süne zararının protein oranı, bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, gluten oranı ve nem oranı üzerine etkisinin olmadığı ve bu özellikler yönünden farklılıkların çeşitlerden kaynaklandığı; yine süne zararının gluten indeks, sedimantasyon, beklemeli sedimantasyon, düşme sayısı üzerine etki yaptığı ve süne zarar eşiğinin %3 olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sun pest (Eurygaster integriceps) damage on protein content, flour moisture content, sedimentation, thousand grain weight, test weight, wet gluten content, gluten index, modified sedimentation and falling number in bread wheat genotype. Study was conducted in the seeds of wheat genotype Bezostaja-1, Sönmez-2001 and Yunus grown in dryland conditions of 2014-2015 crop growing seasons. Results rewealed that sunn pest didn't have insignificant effect on protein content, sun pest significantly affected protein quality. Use of Sönmez-2001 and Bezostaja-1 in crop production is so essencial to increase high quality cropproduction. Moreover, one moisture content is unaffected from sunn pest damage, it is aimed to be 14% in bread making quality. Thousand grain weight and test weight seemed to be insensitive to sunn pest damage significant differences occured between genotype. Bezostaja-1 was determined as the highest quality genotype in moisture content, test weight and thousand grain weight. Similar trend was observed in wet gluten content and Sönmez-2001 had the highest quality. Gluten index, sedimentation, modified sedimentation and falling number significantly, affected from sunn pest and genotypic differeces decrease occured with increasing sunn pest damage and Yunus had the highest value. Quality of sedimentation and modified sedimentation were significantly decreased after 3% sunn pest damage level. The hightest sedimentation and modified sedimentation contents belonged to Bezostaja-1. Falling number has drawn similar trend and after 3% sunn pest damage quality decreased and Yunus had the highest value. Thus, Bezostaja-1 and Sönmez-2001 genotypes were determined as higher quality genotypes. Insignificant effect were observed in protein content, thousand grain weight, test weight, wet glutencontent, and moisture content significant differences belonged to genotype differeces. Sunn pest damage was determined as significant in glutenindex, sedimentation, modified sedimentation and falling number on sunn pest damage threshold was determined as 3%. 67

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    Authors: Uzun, Müge;

    Araştırma iki parselden oluşmakta ve birinci parseli Tekirdağ il sınırları içerisindeki organik tarım sertifikalı ŞatoNuzun Bağcılık ve Şarapçılık Ltd. firması bağlarında bulunmaktadır. Bağ 41° 02' 20.74` K ile 27° 48' 41.90` D koordinatları arasındadır. Rakımı 130m'dir ve 13 yaşındadır. Sıra arası ve sıra üzeri mesafesi 2x2.5 m ve VSP telli sisteme sahiptir. Bağın dikim yönü Kuzey-Güney olup, %18 eğimlidir. Bağda Cabernet Sauvignon/1103P aşı kombinasyonuna sahip omcalar kullanılmıştır. Diğer parsel Tekirdağ merkez ilçede bulunan Yazır Köyü' nde, 40° 55' 38.59` K ve 27° 25' 20.93` D koordinatları arasında yer alan Umurbey Vineyards bağlarında yetiştiriciliği yapılmakta olan 5BB anacı üzerine aşılı Cabernet Sauvigon üzüm çeşidi asmalarından oluşmuştur. Stres düzeylerine göre bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş olan deneme, Organik ve Konvansiyonel (K) olmak üzere iki Ana Parsel ve ikişer Alt Parsele ayrılmıştır. Ψşö şafak öncesi yaprak su potansiyeli sonuçlarına göre 8 MPa'dan düşük olan ve 8 MPa'dan büyük olan omcalar belirlenip arazi ve toprak tipine göre kıraç arazi ve taban arazi olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Kıraç arazide Kontrol, Stres 1, Stres 2 düzeyi ve Taban arazide Kontrol, Stres 1 ve Stres 2 olarak 6 ayrı grup vardır. Her grup için 3 tekerrür; her tekerrür için 2 asma ve her asmadan 4'er salkım olarak deneme kurulmuştur. Hasat yapılan salkım özellikleri incelenmiş ve taneleri çaplarına göre 4 ayrı grupta toplanmıştır (10mm-12mm, 12mm-14mm, 14mm-16mm). Üzümler boyut gruplarına ve stres düzeylerine göre Kontrol (K), Stres 1 (S1> - 0,8 MPa) ve Stres 2 (S2 < -0,8 MPa) özellikleri ve şıra içeriğine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Deneme sonucunda tane boyutlarının içerdiği fenol, antosiyanin, antioksidan değerlerinin toprak yapısına, verim, bağcılık yöntemi, suya erişilebiliğine bağlı olarak hasat zamanı değişkenlik göstereceği öngörülmüştür. The first parcel of the researched field is a certified organic vineyard of Chateau Nuzun which is located in Çeşmeli village of Tekirdağ. The coordinates of this vineyard is 41° 2' 20.74` N and 27° 48' 41.90` E. It is elevation is 130 m and it is 13 years old. In the VSP trained vineyard, the row spacing is 2.5m and spacing between vines is 2m. It has a slope of 18% and row direction is north to south. The vineyard is composed of cv Cabernet Sauvignon plants which are grafted over 1103P rootstock. The second parcel of the researched field is a a conventional vineyard of Umurbey which is located in Yazır village of Tekirdağ with coordinates of 40° 55' 38.59` N and 27° 25' 20.93` E. In this vineyard cv Cabernet Sauvignon is grafted over 5BB rootstock. Our research is performed in cv. Cabernet Sauvignon vines with different water stress levels. In both organic and conventional (K) vineyards, our trial design has 2 main parcels and 2 sub-parcels with 3 replicates. The vine plants are grouped based on, Ψşö, leaf water potential before sun-set as lower than -0,8 MPa and greater than -0,8 MPa after in filed measurements. This grape vines are classified based on soil type as being deep soil and shallow soil. There are 6 different groups composed of Control, Stress-1 and Stress-2 in shallow soil and Control, Stress-1 and Stress-2 in deep soil. The trial is performed for each group as 3 replicates for each of which there are 2 plants and for each plant we collected 4 random grape bunches. The bunches picked are first analyzed based on the bunch lenght and width then they are destemmed and sorted based on berry sized as 10mm-12mm, 12mm-14mm, 14mm-16mm. Berry size and stress levels combined together, i.e. Control (K), Stress 1 (S1 > -0,8 MPa) and Stress 2 (S2 < -0,8 MPa), determined the grouping to extract juice to analize. At the end of this trial, based on berry sizes, the values of fenol, antosiyanin, antioxidan are shown to be dependent to soil type, yield, viticulture practices as well as water availabilty at different harvest times. 173

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    Authors: Farré Guarné, Joan;

    This work presents an analytical formulation to assess the six-degrees-of-freedom motion-induced error on floating Doppler Wind lidars (FDWL). Error products are the horizontal wind speed bias and apparent turbulence intensity. Departing from a geometrical formulation of the FDWL attitude and of the lidar retrieval algorithm, the rotational and translational motion contributions to the FDWL-measured total error are computed. Central to this process is the interpretation of the velocity-azimuth-display retrieval algorithm in terms of a first-order Fourier series. The obtained 6-DoF formulation is numerically validated by means of a floating-lidar motion simulator and, experimentally, in the framework of the 25-day near off-shore measurement campaign carried out at Pont del Petroli, Barcelona, involving a fixed and a floating ZephIR TM 300 lidar. The proposed formulation proved itself able to estimate the motion-induced FDWL horizontal-wind-speed bias and returned similar percentiles to when comparing the FDWL to the fixed lidar. The estimations of the turbulence intensity increment statistically matched the FDWL measurements under all motional scenarios when clustering the data as a function of the buoy mean tilt and translational velocity. Este trabajo presenta una formulación analítica para evaluar el error inducido por el movimiento de seis grados de libertad en los lidares eólicos Doppler flotantes (FDWL). Los productos del error son el sesgo de la velocidad horizontal del viento y la intensidad de la turbulencia aparente. Partiendo de una formulación geométrica de la actitud del FDWL y del algoritmo de recuperación del lidar, se calculan las contribuciones del movimiento rotacional y traslacional al error total medido por el FDWL. Un aspecto central de este proceso es la interpretación del algoritmo de recuperación de velocidad-azimut-disparo en términos de una serie de Fourier de primer orden. La formulación 6-DoF obtenida se valida numéricamente mediante un simulador de movimiento de un lidar flotante y, experimentalmente, en el marco de la campaña de medición de 25 días cerca de la costa llevada a cabo en Pont del Petroli, Barcelona, con un lidar ZephIR TM 300 fijo y otro flotante. La formulación propuesta demostró ser capaz de estimar el sesgo de la velocidad del viento horizontal inducido por el movimiento del FDWL y devolvió percentiles similares al comparar el FDWL con el lidar fijo. Las estimaciones del incremento de la intensidad de la turbulencia coincidieron estadísticamente con las mediciones del FDWL en todos los escenarios de movimiento al agrupar los datos en función de la inclinación media de la boya y la velocidad de traslación. Aquest treball presenta una formulació analítica per avaluar l'error induït pel moviment de sis graus de llibertat als llidars eòlics Doppler flotants (FDWL). Els productes de l'error són el biaix de la velocitat horitzontal del vent i la intensitat de la turbulència aparent. Partint d'una formulació geomètrica de l'actitud del FDWL i de l'algorisme de recuperació del lidar, es calculen les contribucions del moviment rotacional i translacional a l'error total mesurat pel FDWL. Un aspecte central d'aquest procés és la interpretació de l'algorisme de recuperació de velocitat-azimut-tret en termes d'una sèrie de Fourier de primer ordre. La formulació 6-DoF obtinguda es valida numèricament mitjançant un simulador de moviment d'un lidar flotant i, experimentalment, en el marc de la campanya de mesurament de 25 dies a prop de la costa duta a terme a Pont del Petroli, Barcelona, ??amb un lidar ZephIR TM 300 fix i un altre flotant. La formulació proposada va demostrar ser capaç d'estimar el biaix de la velocitat del vent horitzontal induït pel moviment del FDWL i va tornar percentils similars en comparar el FDWL amb el lidar fix. Les estimacions de l'increment de la intensitat de la turbulència van coincidir estadísticament amb els mesuraments del FDWL a tots els escenaris de moviment en agrupar les dades en funció de la inclinació mitjana de la boia i la velocitat de translació.

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    Authors: Sari, Fatih;

    Bu çalışma 2016 yılında biberde mineral gübre, vermikompost ve deniz yosunu uygulamalarının verim kalite ve bitki gelişimi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada sadece mineral gübre uygulaması kontrol (K) olarak adlandırılmış; mineral gübreye ek olarak, vermikompost uygulaması (300kg/da) (MG+V) olarak, deniz yosunu uygulaması (toplamda 400cc/400lt) (MG+A) olarak, aynı dozlarda hem vermikompost hem de deniz yosunu uygulaması ise (MG+V+A) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 yinelemeli olarak planlanmış her konunun her bir tekerrüründe 33 bitki yer almıştır. Denemede bitkide verim, tek meyve ağırlığı, meyve sayısı, meyve boyu, meyve çapı, meyve eti kalınlığı, meyve iç ve dış rengi, pH ve TETA, SÇKM, toplam fenolik bileşik miktarı, indirgen ve toplam şeker miktarı, C vitamini miktarı, ortalama çimlenme zamanı, çimlenme oranı, bin dane ağırlığı, ekimden ilk çiçeklenmeye ve ilk meyve tutumuna kadar geçen gün sayısı, toplam yaprak alanı incelenmiştir. Bitki başına verimin temel mineral gübreye ek üst gübre uygulanan tüm uygulamalarda kontrol uygulamasından yüksek olduğu (K 468,82 g, MG+A 677,78 g, MG+V 637,59 g, MG+V+A 652,52 g), tek meyve ağırlığı (en yüksek değeri MG+V+A 95,40 g, en düşük değeri MG+A 85,01 g), meyve sayısı (en yüksek değeri MG+A 8,00 adet, en düşük değeri MG+V+A 6,73 adet), et kalınlığı (en yüksek değeri MG+V 4,66 mm, en düşük değeri MG+V+A 4,46 mm) ve TETA (en yüksek değeri K % 0,24, en düşük değeri MG+V ve MG+V+A % 0,23) değeri bakımından uygulamalar arasında istatistiksel anlamda önemli farklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: Vermikompost, Deniz Yosunu, Biber, Verim, Mineral Gübre. This research was carried out to determine the effects of mineral fertilizers, vermicompost and seaweed extract application to yield, quality and plant development of sweet pepper in open field conditions in 2016. Mineral fertilizer application was considered as control. Application of mineral fertilizers as base dressing and 300 kg/da vermicompost as side dressing (MF+V), mineral fertilizers as base dressing and 400cc/da seaweed extract as side dressing (MF+A), and mineral fertilizers as base dressing and 300kg/da vermicompost + 400cc/da seaweed extract as side dressing (MF+V+A) along with control were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Yield individual, fruit weight, fruit number, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit flesh thickness, epidermis and flesh colour, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total phenolics, total and invert sugar content, vitamin C, mean germination time, rate of germination, thousand seed weight, days to first blooming, days to fruit set, total leaf area were determined in theresearch.According to results yield of perpland was higher when vermicompost and seaweed extract were applied as side dressing(C:486,82 g, MF+A:677,78 g, MF+V:637,59 g, MF+V+A:652,52 g).Statistical differences were detected between applications in terms of fruit weight (highest with MF+V+A 95,40 g, lowest with MF+A 85,01 g), fruit number (highest with MF+A 8,00 adet, lowest with MF+V+A 6,73 adet), fruit flesh thickness (highest with MF+V 4,66 mm, lowest with MF+V+A 4,46 mm) and titratable acidity (highest from K % 0,24, lowest from MF+V ve MF+V+A % 0,23).Keywords: Vermicompost, Seaweed, Pepper, Yield, Mineral Fertilizer. 93

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