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Having a significant economic impact in country's GDP and being a major workforce, construction industry is yet characterized by low production rate, low technological advancement, minimum automation and robotic usage, and so on. With the visionary idea of Industry 4.0 that focuses on digitization of the value chain of a product and improving productivity through a variety of technologies and automated manufacturing environment, this research aims to develop a framework to adopt Construction 4.0 within a construction company. Current state of the art of the technologies in construction associated with the notion of Industry 4.0 (e.g., Building Information Modelling, virtual reality, augmented reality, Drone, etc.) is explored through extensive literature studies. The proposed framework incorporates current technological advancement related to construction industry, legislative requirements, barriers, enterprise transformation requirements and so on. Construction 4.0 would make a great impact in construction industry through improved value chain of construction projects, productivity improvement, and safe and sustainable construction. Indeed, the proposed framework would contribute to the advancement of new knowledge in the worlds' construction companies and provide potentials of new research focuses.

Semiarid Mediterranean regions are highly susceptible to desertification processes. This study investigated the influence of increasing climate aridity in explaining the decline in vegetation cover in highly vulnerable gypsum semiarid shrublands of the Mediterranean region. For this purpose, we have used time series of the percentage of vegetation coverage obtained from remote sensing imagery (Landsat satellites). We found a dominant trend toward decreased vegetation cover, mainly in summer and in areas affected by the most severe water stress conditions (low precipitation, higher evapotranspiration rates and sun-exposed slopes). We show that past human management and current climate trends interact with local environmental conditions to determine the occurrence of vegetation degradation processes. The results suggest that degradation could be a consequence of the past overexploitation that has characterized this area (and many others in the Mediterranean region), but increased aridity, mainly related to global warming, may be triggering and/or accelerating the degradation processes. The observed pattern may be an early warning of processes potentially affecting more areas of the Mediterranean, according to the most up to date climate change models for the 21st century. vegetation coverage of the Ebro basinSeries of vegetation coverage obtained from landsat imagery, a digital terrain model and climate data.data-degradation-shrublands .zip

There is increasing evidence of the importance of multi-use landscapes for the conservation of large carnivores. However, when carnivore ranges overlap with high density of humans, there are often serious conservation challenges. This is especially true in countries like India where loss of peoples’ lives and property to large wildlife are not uncommon. The leopard (Panthera pardus) is a large felid that is widespread in India, often sharing landscapes with high human densities. In order to understand the ecology of leopards in a human use landscape and the nature of human-leopard interactions, we studied (i) the spatial and temporal distribution and the characteristics of leopard attacks on people, (ii) the spatial variability in the pattern of habitat use by the leopard, and (iii) the spatial relationship between attack locations and habitat use by leopards. The study site, located in northern West Bengal, India, is a densely populated mixed-use landscape of 630 km2, comprising of forests, tea plantations, agriculture fields, and human settlements. A total of 171 leopard attacks on humans were reported between January 2009 and March 2016, most of which occurred within the tea-gardens. None of the attacks was fatal. We found significant spatial clustering of locations of leopard attacks on humans. However, most of the attacks were restricted to certain tea estates and occurred mostly between January and May. Analysis of habitat use by leopards showed that the probability of use of areas with more ground vegetation cover was high while that of areas with high density of buildings was low. However, locations of leopard attacks on people did not coincide with areas that showed a higher probability of use by leopards. This indicates that an increased use of an area by leopards, by itself, does not necessarily imply an increase in attacks on people. The spatial and temporal clustering of attack locations allowed us to use this information to prioritize areas to focus mitigation activities in order reduce negative encounters between people and leopards in this landscape which has had a long history of conflict. Detection_and_CovariateLeopard detection history and covariates used for model building.attack_interviewsDetails of human attacks by leopards and activity of the person before attacks. NOTE: Geographic coordinates of attack location were removed to protect individual's identity, and because Panthera pardus is a vulnerable species. To obtain these values, please contact Aritra Kshettry Leopard_attacks_victimsDetails of all leopard attacks within study area. Month, Year and location of village where attack occurred. NOTE: Geographic coordinates of attack location were removed to protect individual's identity, and because Panthera pardus is a vulnerable species. To obtain these values, please contact Aritra Kshettry

Environnement et Changement climatique Canada (ECCC) fait appel à la télédétection par satellite pour surveiller les indicateurs de la qualité de l'eau panlacustre dans l'ensemble des eaux intérieures canadiennes. La télédétection offre une solution rentable pour obtenir des observations fréquentes de la qualité de l'eau panlacustre à l'appui de la science des lacs et de la gestion de la qualité des eaux intérieures sur une base continue. Les ensembles de données présentés dans cette série permettent une surveillance à long terme par satellite des indicateurs de la qualité de l'eau, ce qui contribue à des programmes comme l'Initiative du bassin du lac Winnipeg et l'Initiative sur les nutriments dans les Grands Lacs. Ces données incluent de l'imagerie et des statistiques sommaires à l'appui du portail de données interactif EOLakeWatch, y compris des indices et de l'imagerie quotidiens sur la prolifération d'algues, des indices et de l'imagerie historiques sur la prolifération d'algues et des rapports annuels sur la prolifération d'algues. Citation: Binding, C.E., Pizzolato, L., & Zeng, C. (2021). EOLakeWatch; delivering a comprehensive suite of remote sensing algal bloom indices for enhanced monitoring of Canadian eutrophic lakes. Ecological Indicators, 121, 106999. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106999 Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) uses satellite remote sensing to monitor lake-wide water quality indicators across Canadian inland waters. Remote sensing provides a cost-effective solution to obtain frequent lake-wide water quality observations in support of lake science and inland water quality management on an on-going basis. The datasets presented in this collection provide long-term satellite-derived monitoring of water quality indicators, contributing to programs such as the Lake Winnipeg Basin Initiative and Great Lakes Nutrient Initiative. These data include imagery and summary statistics in support of ECCC's EOLakeWatch interactive data portal including daily algal bloom indices and imagery, historical algal bloom indices and imagery, and annual algal bloom reports. Citation: Binding, C.E., Pizzolato, L., & Zeng, C. (2021). EOLakeWatch; delivering a comprehensive suite of remote sensing algal bloom indices for enhanced monitoring of Canadian eutrophic lakes. Ecological Indicators, 121, 106999. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106999

Abstract The baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel), is fruit tree displaying economic, environmental, industrial and food importance. The objective of this study was to adapt to the tetrazolium test methodology to baru seeds and evaluate the physiological quality of seeds stored for 12 months at 10 and 20 ºC, using X-ray images as a toll for detection damage throughout the storage period while also carrying out germination, emergence and electrical conductivity tests. Baru seeds remained viable for 12 months of storage, albeit with a small decrease in vigor after nine months. The applied tetrazolium test methodology was efficient in determining internal seed damage. The pre-soak time for the tetrazolium test and solution concentration was 24 hours and 0.05%. No changes in seed morphology and radiographic images were observed during the storage periods, regardless of the assessed temperature. The X-ray test enabled a precise visualization of internal baru seed structures.

Abstract Our study aimed to evaluate the influence of rubber tree plantations (Clones IAN 873 and FX 3864) on microbial activity, total organic carbon (TOC), and soils chemical attributes, using as reference pasture and secondary forest, in Rio de Janeiro. The plantations areas showed pH; Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ levels; sum of bases; base saturation, basal respiration; metabolic quotient; and arylsulfatase and FDA activities in the soil similar to or greater than the values found in the forest. In contrast, showed lower P and TOC levels; carbon and nitrogen in the microbial biomass; and β-glucosidase activity than of forest and pasture. Higher acid phosphatase and laccase enzymes activities was observed in the forest and plantations than in the pasture. Thus, we verified that the rubber tree plantations (Clones: IAN 873; FX 3864) maintain or improve the quality of some chemical and microbiological attributes of the soil regarding secondary forest and pasture.

Ranking of candidate models for changes in functional composition with land use.

Spatial map patterns (PCNM eigenvectors).

This dataset contains all data and scripts required to replicate the results in the paper and consists of four zipped folders. Three of them correspond to the analyses involved in the paper that are 1) comparing land-use intensity of different land use types in The Netherlands, 2) comparing land-use intensity of habitats selected by godwits and available areas, and 3) testing core/home range size in relation to land-use intensity. Each of them contains the necessary R script and the data required to replicate the results. The map folder contains the tiff file of the agricultural land-use intensity map of The Netherlands.