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  • 15. Life on land

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    Authors: Norbert Amougou; Isabelle Bertrand; Stéphane Cadoux; Sylvie Recous;

    AbstractEnergy crops are currently promoted as potential sources of alternative energy that can help mitigate the climate change caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs). The perennial crop Miscanthus × giganteus is considered promising due to its high potential for biomass production under conditions of low input. However, to assess its potential for GHG mitigation, a better quantification of the crop's contribution to soil organic matter recycling under various management systems is needed. The aim of this work was to study the effect of abscised leaves on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) recycling in a Miscanthus plantation. The dynamics of senescent leaf fall, the rate of leaf decomposition (using a litter bag approach) and the leaf accumulation at the soil surface were tracked over two 1‐year periods under field conditions in Northern France. The fallen leaves represented an average yearly input of 1.40 Mg C ha−1 and 16 kg N ha−1. The abscised leaves lost approximately 54% of their initial mass in 1 year due to decomposition; the remaining mass, accumulated as a mulch layer at the soil surface, was equivalent to 7 Mg dry matter (DM) ha−1 5 years after planting. Based on the estimated annual leaf‐C recycling rate and a stabilization rate of 35% of the added C, the annual contribution of the senescent leaves to the soil C was estimated to be approximately 0.50 Mg C ha−1yr−1 or 10 Mg C ha−1 total over the 20‐year lifespan of a Miscanthus crop. This finding suggested that for Miscanthus, the abscised leaves contribute more to the soil C accumulation than do the rhizomes or roots. In contrast, the recycling of the leaf N to the soil was less than for the other N fluxes, particularly for those involving the transfer of N from the tops of the plant to the rhizome.

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    GCB Bioenergy
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ GCB Bioenergyarrow_drop_down
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      GCB Bioenergy
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Maria Markiewicz-Keszycka; Aileen Carter; Donal O'Brien; Maeve Henchion; +2 Authors

    Abstract Milk and beef derived from pasture-based systems have been characterized by higher nutritional values and a lower environmental footprint than their equivalents obtained via indoor systems. However, intensification of pasture-based production can have adverse impacts on biodiversity and the environment. To date, studies on pro-environmental diversification options leading to improvement of environmental performance of pasture-based dairy and beef production have rarely been synthesized. The present study sought to review current on-farm pro-environmental measures with the potential for enhancing biodiversity status and/or reducing the environmental impacts of pasture-based agriculture. Literature on farmer attitudes toward these measures was also reviewed to identify potential obstacles and opportunities for transitioning to pro-environmental agriculture. A systematic search of published research from high-income island countries characterized by oceanic temperate climate with a high dependence on pasture-based agriculture—the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom and New Zealand, was conducted. Thirty studies that assessed the impact of pro-environmental measures, eight ‘attitudinal’ studies of dairy and beef farmers and one study covering both aspects were identified. Inductive thematical analysis was subsequently undertaken. Environmentally sensitive management practices such as hedgerows and field margins management, mixed grazing (where two or more herbivorous animals graze the same land), rare livestock breeds, multispecies swards, organic farming and agroforestry were identified as primary themes studied under the auspices of pro-environmental diversification, while forestry, bioenergy crops and organic farming were the main themes identified within attitudinal research studies. Findings suggest that environmentally sensitive practices have varied effects on biodiversity. Mixed grazing was found to improve livestock production, while studies of organic farming reported multiple positive impacts on biodiversity and animal welfare. Effect of multispecies swards on methane emissions and urinary nitrogen extraction were found to be inconsistent. Attitudinal research suggests that the main barrier to implementing afforestation is its lack of attractiveness compared to ‘traditional’ farming and that organic farmer decisions regarding agricultural management practices might be less profit-oriented and influenced by ecological beliefs to a greater extent than decisions of conventional farmers. The results of this study confirm that pro-environmental diversification inherently encompasses multiple scientific disciplines; however, previous study designs and outcomes were found to be fragmented and narrowly focused. Considering the urgency and importance of climate and biodiversity crises, pro-environmental diversification of pasture-based dairy and beef production has rarely been holistically approached and remains understudied. The development of practical, sustainable solutions for farming based on circular economy and respect to nature and additional strategies to increase farmer and consumer environmental awareness should be prioritized by policymakers, advisory and scientific bodies.

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    Arrow@TU Dublin
    Article . 2023
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    Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2023
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      Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems
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    Authors: Reynaldo Linares-Palomino;

    Se realizó un estudio de los patrones de distribución espacial de cuatro especies de árboles características de los bosques secos del Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape en el noroeste peruano, inventariando seis parcelas de una hectárea cada una. Para ello se utilizó la versión modificada de la estadística K de Ripley. Eriotheca ruizii (K. Schum.) A. Robyns (Bombacaceae), Bursera graveolens (Kunth) Triana & Planch. (Burseraceae), Caesalpinia glabrata Kunth (Leguminosae) y Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng. (Cochlospermaceae) presentan patrones que no son significantemente diferentes de un patrón completamente al azar en 11 de los 17 casos analizados. Al nivel de la escala espacial analizada, esto está en desacuerdo con el postulado general para bosques tropicales de que las especies vegetales tienden a encontrarse agrupadas. Estos resultados se analizan y discuten a la luz de los diversos factores que influyen en producirlos.

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    Revista Peruana de Biología
    Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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      Revista Peruana de Biología
      Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Singh, Minerva; Evans, Damian; Chevance, Jean-Baptiste; Tan, Boun Suy; +4 Authors

    This study develops a modelling framework by utilizing multi-sensor imagery for classifying different forest and land use types in the Phnom Kulen National Park (PKNP) in Cambodia. Three remote sensing datasets (Landsat optical data, ALOS L-band data and LiDAR derived Canopy Height Model (CHM)) were used in conjunction with three different machine learning (ML) regression techniques (Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests (RF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)). These ML methods were implemented on (a) Landsat spectral data, (b) Landsat spectral band & ALOS backscatter data, and (c) Landsat spectral band, ALOS backscatter data, & LiDAR CHM data. The Landsat-ALOS combination produced more accurate classification results (95% overall accuracy with SVM) compared to Landsat-only bands for all ML models. Inclusion of LiDAR CHM (which is a proxy for vertical canopy heights) improved the overall accuracy to 98%. The research establishes that majority of PKNP is dominated by cashew plantations and the nearly intact forests are concentrated in the more inaccessible parts of the park. The findings demonstrate how different RS datasets can be used in conjunction with different ML models to map forests that had undergone varying levels of degradation and plantations. International audience

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    Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2019
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      Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Wang, Yan; Wang, Qi-Xiang; Wang, Meng-Ben;

    International audience; AbstractKey messageThe carbon density was not different between natural and planted forests, while the biomass carbon density was greater in natural forests than in planted forests. The difference is due primarily to the larger carbon density in the standing trees in natural forests compared to planted forests (at an average age of 50.6 and 15.7 years, respectively).ContextAfforestation and reforestation programs might have noticeable effect on carbon stock. An integrated assessment of the forest carbon density in mountain regions is vital to evaluate the contribution of planted forests to carbon sequestration.AimsWe compared the carbon densities and carbon stocks between natural and planted forests in the Lüliang Mountains region where large-scale afforestation and reforestation programs have been implemented. The introduced peashrubs (Caragana spp.), poplars (Populus spp.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), and native Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) were the four most common species in planted forests. In contrast, the deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.), Asia white birch (Betula platyphylla), wild poplar (Populus davidiana), and Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) dominated in natural forests.MethodsBased on the forest inventory data of 3768 sample plots, we estimated the values of carbon densities and carbon stocks of natural and planted forests, and analyzed the spatial patterns of carbon densities and the effects of various factors on carbon densities using semivariogram analysis and nested analysis of variance (nested ANOVA), respectively.ResultsThe carbon density was 123.7 and 119.7 Mg ha−1 for natural and planted forests respectively. Natural and planted forests accounted for 54.8% and 45.2% of the total carbon stock over the whole region, respectively. The biomass carbon density (the above- and belowground biomass plus dead wood and litter biomass carbon density) was greater in natural forests than in planted forests (22.5 versus 13.2 Mg ha−1). The higher (lower) spatial carbon density variability of natural (planted) forests was featured with a much smaller (larger) range value of 32.7 km (102.0 km) within which a strong (moderate) spatial autocorrelation could be observed. Stand age, stand density, annual mean temperature, and annual precipitation had statistically significant effects on the carbon density of all forests in the region.ConclusionNo significant difference was detected in the carbon densities between natural and planted forests, and planted forests have made a substantial contribution to the total carbon stock of the region due to the implementation of large-scale afforestation and reforestation programs. The spatial patterns of carbon densities were clearly different between natural and planted forests. Stand age, stand density, temperature, and precipitation were important factors influencing forest carbon density over the mountain region.

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    Annals of Forest Science
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Annals of Forest Science
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Joël Aubin; Myriam D. Callier; Hélène Rey-Valette; Syndhia Mathé; +14 Authors

    Ecological intensification is a new concept in agriculture that addresses the double challenge of maintaining a level of production sufficient to support needs of human populations and respecting the environment in order to conserve the natural world and human quality of life. This article adapts this concept to fish farming using agroecological principles and the ecosystem services framework. The method was developed from the study of published literature and applications at four study sites chosen for their differences in production intensity: polyculture ponds in France, integrated pig and pond polyculture in Brazil, the culture of striped catfish in Indonesia and a recirculating salmon aquaculture system in France. The study of stakeholders' perceptions of ecosystem services combined with environmental assessment through Life Cycle Assessment and Emergy accounting allowed development of an assessment tool that was used as a basis for co-building evolution scenarios. From this experience, ecological intensifica-tion of aquaculture was defined as the use of ecological processes and functions to increase productivity, strengthen ecosystem services and decrease disservices. It is based on aquaecosystem and biodiversity management and the use of local and traditional knowledge. Expected consequences for farming systems consist of greater autonomy, efficiency and better integration into their surrounding territories. Ecological intensification requires territorial governance and helps improve it from a sustainable development perspective. International audience

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    Horizon / Pleins textes
    Other literature type . 2019
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    Reviews in Aquaculture
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Agritrop
    Article . 2019
    Data sources: Agritrop
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    Authors: Chen Huang; Meng Gong; Yinghei Chui; Felisa Chan;

    A test equipment was developed, which allows for real time observation of the deformation behaviour of wood cellular structure under a compression load applied in radial direction. Compression tests were performed on jack pine (Pinus banksians) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) specimens to explore the relationship between the yield stress and the first failure occurring in wood cell layers during radial compression. The microstructural changes for P. banksians and P. balsamifera wood below and above the yield point were analyzed. The study results showed that for P. banksians the first failure of wood cells occurred at the first earlywood layer, while for P. balsamifera it occurred at the layer with the largest vessels. The first failure of wood cell layer for each species tested was found to correspond to the yield point on the stress-strain curve. A new method of determining the yield stress for wood specimens under radial compression was developed.

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    Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
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    Authors: Vieira, Joana; Campelo, Filipe; Nabais, Cristina;

    Climate projections for the Mediterranean area estimate a decline in total precipitation, warmer temperatures, and a higher frequency of extreme drought events. It is important to understand how trees respond to these climatic changes and which wood anatomical structures best document the trees’ response to those changes. The present work investigates the climatic signal of tree-ring width, latewood width, and the frequency of intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) during the last 100 years for Pinus pinaster Aiton growing in the western Mediterranean region. Based on meteorological data, it was observed that since the 1950s, average annual temperature and autumn and winter precipitation increased. Tree-ring width and latewood width of P. pinaster were positively correlated with winter and summer precipitation and negatively correlated with spring and summer temperatures. The frequency of latewood IADFs showed a positive and time-stable correlation with September and October precipitation. However, after the 1970s, the frequency of IADFs also became correlated with climatic conditions later in the year, specifically with the temperatures of November and December, probably because of the recent climate changes. IADFs chronologies, besides being very useful to reconstruct autumn precipitation, can add new climatic information to ring-width chronologies.

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    Estudo Geral
    Article . 2010
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    Canadian Journal of Forest Research
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Canadian Journal of Forest Research
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    Authors: Uusitalo, Jori; Ala-Ilomaki, Jari; Lindeman, Harri; Toivio, Jenny; +1 Authors

    Key message Rut depth in fine-grained boreal soils induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder is best predicted with soil moisture content, cumulative mass of machine passes, bulk density and thickness of the humus layer. Context Forest machines are today very heavy and will cause serious damage to soil and prevent future growth if forest operations are carried out at the wrong time of the year. Forest operations performed during the wettest season should therefore be directed at coarse-grained soils that are not as prone to soil damage. Aims The study aimed at investigating the significance of the most important soil characteristics on rutting and developing models that can be utilized in predicting rutting prior to forest operations. Methods A set of wheeling tests on two fine-grained mineral soil stands in Southern Finland were performed. The wheeling experiments were conducted in three different periods of autumn in order to get the largest possible variation in moisture content. The test drives were carried out with an 8-wheeled forwarder. Results Soil moisture content is the most important factor affecting rut depth. Rut depth of an 8-wheeled forwarder in fine-grained boreal soil is best predicted with soil moisture content, cumulative mass of machine passes, bulk density and thickness of the humus layer. Conclusion The results emphasize the importance of moisture content on the risk of rutting in fine-grained mineral soils, especially with high moisture content values when soil saturation reaches 80%. The results indicate that it is of high importance that soil type and soil wetness can be predicted prior to forest operations. Peer reviewed

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    Annals of Forest Science
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    Annals of Forest Science
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      Annals of Forest Science
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    Authors: Neal, C.; Whitehead, P. G.; Flynn, N.;

    International audience; This contribution brings to a close a special issue of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences concerning the assessment of nitrogen dynamics in catchments across Europe within a semi-distributed Integrated Nitrogen model for multiple source assessment in Catchments (INCA). The wide range of issues involved in relation to hydrology and within-catchment processes, scale (from small catchments to major river basins), climate (from sub-arctic to Mediterranean regimes) and pollution (atmospheric, agricultural and urban sources) is outlined. Consideration is then given to how well the model has performed and future research requirements are outlined. Keywords: nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen, catchments, streams, rivers, river basins

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    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
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    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
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      Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
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    Authors: Norbert Amougou; Isabelle Bertrand; Stéphane Cadoux; Sylvie Recous;

    AbstractEnergy crops are currently promoted as potential sources of alternative energy that can help mitigate the climate change caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs). The perennial crop Miscanthus × giganteus is considered promising due to its high potential for biomass production under conditions of low input. However, to assess its potential for GHG mitigation, a better quantification of the crop's contribution to soil organic matter recycling under various management systems is needed. The aim of this work was to study the effect of abscised leaves on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) recycling in a Miscanthus plantation. The dynamics of senescent leaf fall, the rate of leaf decomposition (using a litter bag approach) and the leaf accumulation at the soil surface were tracked over two 1‐year periods under field conditions in Northern France. The fallen leaves represented an average yearly input of 1.40 Mg C ha−1 and 16 kg N ha−1. The abscised leaves lost approximately 54% of their initial mass in 1 year due to decomposition; the remaining mass, accumulated as a mulch layer at the soil surface, was equivalent to 7 Mg dry matter (DM) ha−1 5 years after planting. Based on the estimated annual leaf‐C recycling rate and a stabilization rate of 35% of the added C, the annual contribution of the senescent leaves to the soil C was estimated to be approximately 0.50 Mg C ha−1yr−1 or 10 Mg C ha−1 total over the 20‐year lifespan of a Miscanthus crop. This finding suggested that for Miscanthus, the abscised leaves contribute more to the soil C accumulation than do the rhizomes or roots. In contrast, the recycling of the leaf N to the soil was less than for the other N fluxes, particularly for those involving the transfer of N from the tops of the plant to the rhizome.

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    GCB Bioenergy
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      GCB Bioenergy
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    Authors: Maria Markiewicz-Keszycka; Aileen Carter; Donal O'Brien; Maeve Henchion; +2 Authors

    Abstract Milk and beef derived from pasture-based systems have been characterized by higher nutritional values and a lower environmental footprint than their equivalents obtained via indoor systems. However, intensification of pasture-based production can have adverse impacts on biodiversity and the environment. To date, studies on pro-environmental diversification options leading to improvement of environmental performance of pasture-based dairy and beef production have rarely been synthesized. The present study sought to review current on-farm pro-environmental measures with the potential for enhancing biodiversity status and/or reducing the environmental impacts of pasture-based agriculture. Literature on farmer attitudes toward these measures was also reviewed to identify potential obstacles and opportunities for transitioning to pro-environmental agriculture. A systematic search of published research from high-income island countries characterized by oceanic temperate climate with a high dependence on pasture-based agriculture—the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom and New Zealand, was conducted. Thirty studies that assessed the impact of pro-environmental measures, eight ‘attitudinal’ studies of dairy and beef farmers and one study covering both aspects were identified. Inductive thematical analysis was subsequently undertaken. Environmentally sensitive management practices such as hedgerows and field margins management, mixed grazing (where two or more herbivorous animals graze the same land), rare livestock breeds, multispecies swards, organic farming and agroforestry were identified as primary themes studied under the auspices of pro-environmental diversification, while forestry, bioenergy crops and organic farming were the main themes identified within attitudinal research studies. Findings suggest that environmentally sensitive practices have varied effects on biodiversity. Mixed grazing was found to improve livestock production, while studies of organic farming reported multiple positive impacts on biodiversity and animal welfare. Effect of multispecies swards on methane emissions and urinary nitrogen extraction were found to be inconsistent. Attitudinal research suggests that the main barrier to implementing afforestation is its lack of attractiveness compared to ‘traditional’ farming and that organic farmer decisions regarding agricultural management practices might be less profit-oriented and influenced by ecological beliefs to a greater extent than decisions of conventional farmers. The results of this study confirm that pro-environmental diversification inherently encompasses multiple scientific disciplines; however, previous study designs and outcomes were found to be fragmented and narrowly focused. Considering the urgency and importance of climate and biodiversity crises, pro-environmental diversification of pasture-based dairy and beef production has rarely been holistically approached and remains understudied. The development of practical, sustainable solutions for farming based on circular economy and respect to nature and additional strategies to increase farmer and consumer environmental awareness should be prioritized by policymakers, advisory and scientific bodies.

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    Arrow@TU Dublin
    Article . 2023
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    Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems
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    Authors: Reynaldo Linares-Palomino;

    Se realizó un estudio de los patrones de distribución espacial de cuatro especies de árboles características de los bosques secos del Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape en el noroeste peruano, inventariando seis parcelas de una hectárea cada una. Para ello se utilizó la versión modificada de la estadística K de Ripley. Eriotheca ruizii (K. Schum.) A. Robyns (Bombacaceae), Bursera graveolens (Kunth) Triana & Planch. (Burseraceae), Caesalpinia glabrata Kunth (Leguminosae) y Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng. (Cochlospermaceae) presentan patrones que no son significantemente diferentes de un patrón completamente al azar en 11 de los 17 casos analizados. Al nivel de la escala espacial analizada, esto está en desacuerdo con el postulado general para bosques tropicales de que las especies vegetales tienden a encontrarse agrupadas. Estos resultados se analizan y discuten a la luz de los diversos factores que influyen en producirlos.

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    Revista Peruana de Biología
    Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    Revista Peruana de Biología
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      Revista Peruana de Biología
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    Authors: Singh, Minerva; Evans, Damian; Chevance, Jean-Baptiste; Tan, Boun Suy; +4 Authors

    This study develops a modelling framework by utilizing multi-sensor imagery for classifying different forest and land use types in the Phnom Kulen National Park (PKNP) in Cambodia. Three remote sensing datasets (Landsat optical data, ALOS L-band data and LiDAR derived Canopy Height Model (CHM)) were used in conjunction with three different machine learning (ML) regression techniques (Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests (RF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)). These ML methods were implemented on (a) Landsat spectral data, (b) Landsat spectral band & ALOS backscatter data, and (c) Landsat spectral band, ALOS backscatter data, & LiDAR CHM data. The Landsat-ALOS combination produced more accurate classification results (95% overall accuracy with SVM) compared to Landsat-only bands for all ML models. Inclusion of LiDAR CHM (which is a proxy for vertical canopy heights) improved the overall accuracy to 98%. The research establishes that majority of PKNP is dominated by cashew plantations and the nearly intact forests are concentrated in the more inaccessible parts of the park. The findings demonstrate how different RS datasets can be used in conjunction with different ML models to map forests that had undergone varying levels of degradation and plantations. International audience

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    Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      PeerJ
      Article . 2019
      Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2019
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    Authors: Wang, Yan; Wang, Qi-Xiang; Wang, Meng-Ben;

    International audience; AbstractKey messageThe carbon density was not different between natural and planted forests, while the biomass carbon density was greater in natural forests than in planted forests. The difference is due primarily to the larger carbon density in the standing trees in natural forests compared to planted forests (at an average age of 50.6 and 15.7 years, respectively).ContextAfforestation and reforestation programs might have noticeable effect on carbon stock. An integrated assessment of the forest carbon density in mountain regions is vital to evaluate the contribution of planted forests to carbon sequestration.AimsWe compared the carbon densities and carbon stocks between natural and planted forests in the Lüliang Mountains region where large-scale afforestation and reforestation programs have been implemented. The introduced peashrubs (Caragana spp.), poplars (Populus spp.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), and native Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) were the four most common species in planted forests. In contrast, the deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.), Asia white birch (Betula platyphylla), wild poplar (Populus davidiana), and Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) dominated in natural forests.MethodsBased on the forest inventory data of 3768 sample plots, we estimated the values of carbon densities and carbon stocks of natural and planted forests, and analyzed the spatial patterns of carbon densities and the effects of various factors on carbon densities using semivariogram analysis and nested analysis of variance (nested ANOVA), respectively.ResultsThe carbon density was 123.7 and 119.7 Mg ha−1 for natural and planted forests respectively. Natural and planted forests accounted for 54.8% and 45.2% of the total carbon stock over the whole region, respectively. The biomass carbon density (the above- and belowground biomass plus dead wood and litter biomass carbon density) was greater in natural forests than in planted forests (22.5 versus 13.2 Mg ha−1). The higher (lower) spatial carbon density variability of natural (planted) forests was featured with a much smaller (larger) range value of 32.7 km (102.0 km) within which a strong (moderate) spatial autocorrelation could be observed. Stand age, stand density, annual mean temperature, and annual precipitation had statistically significant effects on the carbon density of all forests in the region.ConclusionNo significant difference was detected in the carbon densities between natural and planted forests, and planted forests have made a substantial contribution to the total carbon stock of the region due to the implementation of large-scale afforestation and reforestation programs. The spatial patterns of carbon densities were clearly different between natural and planted forests. Stand age, stand density, temperature, and precipitation were important factors influencing forest carbon density over the mountain region.

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    Annals of Forest Science
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Annals of Forest Science
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Joël Aubin; Myriam D. Callier; Hélène Rey-Valette; Syndhia Mathé; +14 Authors

    Ecological intensification is a new concept in agriculture that addresses the double challenge of maintaining a level of production sufficient to support needs of human populations and respecting the environment in order to conserve the natural world and human quality of life. This article adapts this concept to fish farming using agroecological principles and the ecosystem services framework. The method was developed from the study of published literature and applications at four study sites chosen for their differences in production intensity: polyculture ponds in France, integrated pig and pond polyculture in Brazil, the culture of striped catfish in Indonesia and a recirculating salmon aquaculture system in France. The study of stakeholders' perceptions of ecosystem services combined with environmental assessment through Life Cycle Assessment and Emergy accounting allowed development of an assessment tool that was used as a basis for co-building evolution scenarios. From this experience, ecological intensifica-tion of aquaculture was defined as the use of ecological processes and functions to increase productivity, strengthen ecosystem services and decrease disservices. It is based on aquaecosystem and biodiversity management and the use of local and traditional knowledge. Expected consequences for farming systems consist of greater autonomy, efficiency and better integration into their surrounding territories. Ecological intensification requires territorial governance and helps improve it from a sustainable development perspective. International audience

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    Horizon / Pleins textes
    Other literature type . 2019
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    Reviews in Aquaculture
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Agritrop
    Article . 2019
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    Authors: Chen Huang; Meng Gong; Yinghei Chui; Felisa Chan;

    A test equipment was developed, which allows for real time observation of the deformation behaviour of wood cellular structure under a compression load applied in radial direction. Compression tests were performed on jack pine (Pinus banksians) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) specimens to explore the relationship between the yield stress and the first failure occurring in wood cell layers during radial compression. The microstructural changes for P. banksians and P. balsamifera wood below and above the yield point were analyzed. The study results showed that for P. banksians the first failure of wood cells occurred at the first earlywood layer, while for P. balsamifera it occurred at the layer with the largest vessels. The first failure of wood cell layer for each species tested was found to correspond to the yield point on the stress-strain curve. A new method of determining the yield stress for wood specimens under radial compression was developed.

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    Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Vieira, Joana; Campelo, Filipe; Nabais, Cristina;

    Climate projections for the Mediterranean area estimate a decline in total precipitation, warmer temperatures, and a higher frequency of extreme drought events. It is important to understand how trees respond to these climatic changes and which wood anatomical structures best document the trees’ response to those changes. The present work investigates the climatic signal of tree-ring width, latewood width, and the frequency of intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) during the last 100 years for Pinus pinaster Aiton growing in the western Mediterranean region. Based on meteorological data, it was observed that since the 1950s, average annual temperature and autumn and winter precipitation increased. Tree-ring width and latewood width of P. pinaster were positively correlated with winter and summer precipitation and negatively correlated with spring and summer temperatures. The frequency of latewood IADFs showed a positive and time-stable correlation with September and October precipitation. However, after the 1970s, the frequency of IADFs also became correlated with climatic conditions later in the year, specifically with the temperatures of November and December, probably because of the recent climate changes. IADFs chronologies, besides being very useful to reconstruct autumn precipitation, can add new climatic information to ring-width chronologies.

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    Estudo Geral
    Article . 2010
    Data sources: Estudo Geral
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    Canadian Journal of Forest Research
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Estudo Geral
      Article . 2010
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      Canadian Journal of Forest Research
      Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Uusitalo, Jori; Ala-Ilomaki, Jari; Lindeman, Harri; Toivio, Jenny; +1 Authors

    Key message Rut depth in fine-grained boreal soils induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder is best predicted with soil moisture content, cumulative mass of machine passes, bulk density and thickness of the humus layer. Context Forest machines are today very heavy and will cause serious damage to soil and prevent future growth if forest operations are carried out at the wrong time of the year. Forest operations performed during the wettest season should therefore be directed at coarse-grained soils that are not as prone to soil damage. Aims The study aimed at investigating the significance of the most important soil characteristics on rutting and developing models that can be utilized in predicting rutting prior to forest operations. Methods A set of wheeling tests on two fine-grained mineral soil stands in Southern Finland were performed. The wheeling experiments were conducted in three different periods of autumn in order to get the largest possible variation in moisture content. The test drives were carried out with an 8-wheeled forwarder. Results Soil moisture content is the most important factor affecting rut depth. Rut depth of an 8-wheeled forwarder in fine-grained boreal soil is best predicted with soil moisture content, cumulative mass of machine passes, bulk density and thickness of the humus layer. Conclusion The results emphasize the importance of moisture content on the risk of rutting in fine-grained mineral soils, especially with high moisture content values when soil saturation reaches 80%. The results indicate that it is of high importance that soil type and soil wetness can be predicted prior to forest operations. Peer reviewed

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    Annals of Forest Science
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    Annals of Forest Science
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Annals of Forest Science
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    Authors: Neal, C.; Whitehead, P. G.; Flynn, N.;

    International audience; This contribution brings to a close a special issue of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences concerning the assessment of nitrogen dynamics in catchments across Europe within a semi-distributed Integrated Nitrogen model for multiple source assessment in Catchments (INCA). The wide range of issues involved in relation to hydrology and within-catchment processes, scale (from small catchments to major river basins), climate (from sub-arctic to Mediterranean regimes) and pollution (atmospheric, agricultural and urban sources) is outlined. Consideration is then given to how well the model has performed and future research requirements are outlined. Keywords: nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen, catchments, streams, rivers, river basins

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    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
    Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC SA
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Other literature type . 2002
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    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
    Article
    License: CC BY ND SA
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Mémoires en Sciences...arrow_drop_down
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      Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
      Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC SA
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Other literature type . 2002
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
      Article
      License: CC BY ND SA
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2018
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.