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Bu çalışmada, 2015-2016 yılları arasında Marmara Bölgesi’nde (Bursa, Yalova, Bilecik, Kocaeli, Sakarya ve İstanbul) yaprağı yenen sebzelerden salata (kıvırcık, marul, aysberg) maydanoz, dereotu, roka, ıspanak ve tere üretim alanlarında görülen hastalık ve zararlı türlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yaprağı yenen sebze üretim alanları hastalık ve zararlı yönünden incelenmiş ve örnek alınmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda fungal etmenlerden Septoria sp., Sclerotinia sp., Botrytis cinerea, Bremia lactucae, viral etmenlerden Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) ve Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), zararlılardan salyangoz, solucan, sülük, yaprak biti, thrips, Empoasca sp. ve Meloidogyne incognita, faydalı böcek olarak ise Coccinela septempunctata, Crysopha sp. ve Syrphus sp. tespit edilmiştir. Sürvey yapılan alanlarda bakteriyel hastalık etmeni tespit edilmemiştir. In this study, it was aimed to determine the diseases and pest species seen in salad (curly, lettuce, iceberg) parsley, dill, arugula, spinach and cress production areas in the Marmara Region (Bursa, Yalova, Bilecik, Kocaeli, Sakarya and İstanbul) between 2015 and 2016.Considering the cultivation areas of leafy vegetables areas was examined and sampled. Fungal agents such as Septoria sp., Sclerotinia sp., Botrytis cinerea, Bremia lactucae, Viral agents such as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Lettuce mosaic potyvirus (LMV), pests such as snail, worm, leech, aphis, thrips, Empoasca sp. and Meloidogyne incognita, as useful insect Coccinela septempunctata, Crysopha sp., and Syrphus sp. were identified result of the analysis. No bacterial agent was detect in the surveyed areas.

Objective: to determine the factors that influence on self-medication in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) adolescents in rural area. Materials and methods: analytical, cross-sectional study, which 383 adolescents between 10 and 18 years old, who lives in two towns of Cartagena, participated. An instrument designed for this study and validated by an expert was applied and integrated by a sociodemographic component, as well as a self-medication and related factors instrument. Results: participants were mostly males (58.2%), between 12 and 17 years old (14.9% and 16.2%), high school students (55.1%). This practice is associated with influence of a relative or a friend (OR 95% CI (6,686 (3,960-11,288)), female sex (OR 95% CI (2,636 (1,516- 4,586) and the acquisition of medications without a medical formula (OR 95% CI (10,491 (4,849 22,698)). Conclusions: self-medication is a common practice among adolescents in the rural area of Cartagena, and is given by cultural factors, such as the family influences and the flexibility of acquiring medications without a medical formula.

This study combines historical data and the principles of bone functional adaptation to examine variation in terrestrial mobility in men and women from pre-industrial urban (Alkmaar 7M, 9F) and rural (Klaaskinderkerke 12M, 8F; Middenbeemster 21M, 22F) Dutch populations. Cross-sectional properties of the femoral and tibial midshaft are determined to investigate variation in lower limb mechanical loading. All populations had comparable age ranges. Rural Middenbeemster males had significantly more elliptically shaped tibiae compared to the other populations. Rural males from Klaaskinderkerke had significantly greater femoral cross-sectional area and torsional rigidity compared to females. In the tibia, the males from both rural populations had greater torsional rigidity and cross-sectional area compared to females. In the rural Middenbeemster population the males also had significantly more elliptically shaped tibiae compared to females. While no sexual dimorphism was found in the urban Alkmaar, significantly greater variation in lower limb cross-sectional properties was found for both males and females relative to the rural populations. These results conform to predictions based on the historical literature of greater lower limb loading in rural males compared to females as well as a greater variety of tasks performed in urban environments. The lack of significant differences in lower limb torsional rigidity or shape between populations in either sex suggests that rural life was not necessarily more physically strenuous than urban life in pre-industrial Dutch populations. However, variation in sexual dimorphism suggests that labor between males and females was differently organized in the rural and urban samples.

cited By 174; International audience; A theoretical model for the dynamics of a simple two-phase mixture is presented. A classical averaging approach combined with symmetry arguments is used to derive the mass, momentum, and energy equations for the mixture. The theory accounts for surficial energy at the interface and employs a nonequilibrium equation to relate the rate of work done by surface tension to the rates of both pressure work and viscous deformational work. The resulting equations provide a basic model for compaction with and without surface tension. Moreover, use of the full nonequilibrium surface energy relation allows for isotropic damage, i.e., creation of surface energy through void generation and growth (e.g., microcracking), and thus a continuum description of weakening and shear localization. Applications to compaction, damage, and shear localization are investigated in two companion papers. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.

Phosphorus (P) is the second most growth limiting macronutrient after nitrogen and plays several important roles in all organisms including plants. In soil, P is available in both organic and inorganic forms. P deficiency reduces the growth and yield of several crop plants. Plants respond to P deficiency by the phenotypic changes especially by the modification of root architecture. Molecular marker-assisted breeding (MAB) has been proposed as an important tool to identify and develop improved varieties of crop plants with efficient P-use efficiency (PUE). Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits related to PUE has been considered as the first step in marker-assisted selection (MAS) and improvement of crop yield programmes. In this review, we describe in detail on architectural changes of roots under P deficiency that are reported in various crops and discuss the efforts made to improve PUE using molecular marker tools. Details on QTLs identified for low P-stress tolerance in various crop plants are presented. These QTLs can be used to improve PUE in crop plants through MAS and breeding, which may be beneficial to improve the yields under P-deficient soil. Development of new and improved varieties using MAB will limit the use of non-renewable fertilizers and improve PUE of key crop plants in low input agriculture.

[1] In this paper a set of frequency domain (500 Hz to 1 MHz) experimental data on electrical and magnetic parameters of magnetite/silica mixtures as Martian soil simulants is presented. Complex permittivity was obtained by measuring the magnitude and phase of the electrical impedance of a capacitive cell filled with the tested material. Complex magnetic permeability was obtained by measuring the impedance of a toroid fully embedded in the mixtures. Both the permittivity and magnetic permeability exhibited an appreciable increase with the magnetite volume fraction and a complex behavior with grain size and origin. Furthermore, to assess the possibility of extending the data acquired at 1 MHz to higher frequencies (tens to hundreds of MHz), some comparisons were made between these data and Time Domain Reflectometry measurements. Finally, the attenuation versus magnetite volume fraction and frequency (in a band consistent with the MARSIS and SHARAD sounders) was computed for various types of magnetite/silica mixtures. The results indicate that in a dry soil which contains a significant fraction of magnetic material both the wave velocity and the attenuation are a combination of different factors, including the dimension, shape, and origin of the magnetic material.

In an effort to realize food security, the Ministry of Agriculture made a policy of agricultural development by preparing food self-sufficiency program embodied with Special Effort of Increasing Productivity of Rice, Corn and Soy (UPSUS PAJALE). This escort and assistance is conducted by Agricultural Extension (PNS and THL), BABINSA (Bintara Pembina Desa) and students. This research aim to know 1) the implementation of UPSUS PAJALE program in Yogyakarta Special District; 2) the perception rate of program adviser to implementation of UPSUS PAJALE program; and 3) the factors which affect to the perception of program adviser. The research used descriptive method. The sampling of location was chosen purposively, while the sampling of program adviser was taken by simple random sampling and total sample is 40 respondents. The data were analyzed with proportion test and multiple linier regression. The research results showed that the rate of program adviser perception to implementation UPSUS PAJALE program was in good category. Knowledge of program adviser positively affect to the perception. Factors that did not significantly influence to perception of program adviser were experience, motivation to work in agriculture, interaction with farmers, interaction with agricultural extention worker, and interaction with BABINSA (TNI).

Ispravan način određivanja i procjenjivanja sadržaja vode u drvu vrlo je važan za drvno- industrijske proizvodne procese kako bi se drvo na adekvatan način osušilo bez nastanka grešaka i do željenoga konačnog sadržaja vode te da bi se tako povećala kvaliteta sušenja i kvaliteta fi nalnog proizvoda. Stoga je u ovom članku napravljen detaljan pregled svih harmoniziranih važećih normi u Republici Hrvatskoj koje se odnose na postupke određivanja i procjenjivanja sadržaja vode u drvu. Navedeni su ispravni postupci i preporuke za ispravno provođenje mjerenja sadržaja vode u drvu te su napravljene usporedbe različitih metoda određivanja i procjenjivanja sadržaja vode. Također se navodi za koje je praktične primjene pojedina metoda pogodna.

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>With the advent of open access movement, open access journals (OAJs) being the prodigious source of academic </span><span>and research information have been gaining significant magnitude. The electronic age has made it easier and more </span><span>convenient than ever to break barriers to research information. The present study aims to study and analyse the status </span><span>of 497 OAJs in Agriculture indexed in Directory of Open Access Journals. Specified traits such as Geographic and </span><span>language wise distribution, coverage of Indexing/Abstracting databases, ranking of journals according to Impact Factor (IF), OA licensing model adopted, policy of plagiarism, visibility on social media and related issues of the </span><span>OAJs in Agriculture are evaluated in the paper. Results indicated the dominance of De Gruyter Open as a publisher with highest number of OAJs, English as a content language, Indonesia with highest number of OAJs, Google scholar </span><span>with highest journals indexed. The study observes the increasing migration of journals from commercial practice to OA. </span><span>Frontiers in Plant Science </span><span>found with highest Impact Factor among OAJs in Agriculture. </span></p></div></div></div>

Abstract Eggs from Cobb broiler breeders were incubated for 18 d. Eggs were not turned (T0) or were turned until 9 (T9), 12 (T12), 15 (T15), or 18 (T18) d. First, the effects of turning on embryo and albumen weights were studied. Samples of eggs were opened at d 9, 12, 15, and 18 for embryo and albumen weighing. The results show that embryos from unturned eggs had lower weights and higher remaining albumen weights than those from turned eggs. At d 18, albumen utilization was completed in the T12, T15, and T18 groups only. Also, further turning until d 15 and 18 increased embryo weights. The responsiveness of the embryo after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injection was studied to test stress control in embryos. Blood samples were collected from embryos at 60 and 150 min after injection at d 12, 15, and 18 and were analyzed for corticosterone concentrations. The results showed that basal corticosterone levels increased with embryo age. At 60 min after ACTH injection, corticosterone levels were lower at d 12 than at d 15 and 18. At 150 min after ACTH injection, corticosterone levels followed different trends according to incubation stage and turning duration. The highest basal corticosterone levels were obtained with the T15 group at d 15 and 18. Also at d 18, corticosterone levels in the T15 group were the highest at 150 min after ACTH injection. We concluded that egg turning was required during incubation until d 12, at least, and should not be stopped until after d 15.