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Solanaceae familyasına bağlı domates, patlıcan, patates, biber gibi bazı kültür bitkileri, tarımsal üretimde dünya çapında tartışmasız bir ekonomik öneme sahiptir. Diğer bazı bitkiler yanında bu bitkilerden de konukçu olarak yararlanan domates güvesi (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), özellikle açık/örtüaltı domates üretim alanlarında, son yıllardaki en ciddi zararlı tehditi haline gelmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında, Nevşehir ili ve ilçelerinde homojen dağıtılmış 33 adet delta tipi yapışkan tuzak kurulmuş ve T. absoluta'ya spesifik feromon içeren dispenserler ile zararlının 2013 yılı Mayıs-Aralık ayları arasındaki popülasyon değişimi izlenmiştir. Bahar ve yaz mevsiminde ayda iki kez, sonbahar döneminde birer aylık peryotlarla yapılan örneklemelerle T. absoluta'nın Nevşehir İli ve yöresindeki popülasyon yoğunluğu ve dalgalanması kaydedilerek incelenmiştir.Çalışmada tüm sezon ortalamasında en yüksek popülasyon düzeyi, sayım başına ortalama 100,5±14,4 bireyle Kozaklı İlçesinde kaydedilmiştir. Bunu sırasıyla Derinkuyu (72,6±11,6) ve Gülşehir (60,8±9,4) İlçeleri izlemiştir. Aylık bazda yapılan popülasyon değişimi değerlendirmelerinde tuzaklarda yakalanan birey sayısının Haziran ve Eylül aylarında hızla yükselişe geçtiği görülmüştür. Bu çerçevede, zararlının Nevşehir ili ve yöresinde yılda minimum iki döl verdiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada popülasyon değişimi ilçe bazında da incelenmiş ve gözlenen yüksek veya düşük popülasyon düzeylerinin o bölgelere özgü nedenleri tartışılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Tuta absoluta, popülasyon değişimi, mekânsal dağılım, feromon tuzağı Some culture plants belonging to Solanaceae family, like tomato, eggplant, potato and pepper, have a particular economical importance across the globe, without a doubt. Tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) which utilizes the above plants as host along with several other plants, become the most serious pest threat in recent years, especially in open/protected tomato cultivations. In this thesis study, pest's population was monitored with 33 Delta-type traps with dispensers containing T. absoluta specific pheromone, established across Nevşehir province at certain intervals. Pest's abundance and fluctuations in population were recorded and inspected by periodical samplings, carried out every 15 days in spring and summer and, once a month in autumn periods.The highest population level for the whole season were recorded in Kozaklı disctrict, with an average of 100.5±14.4 individuals per count. This is followed by Derinkuyu (72.6±11.6) and Gülşehir (60.8±9.4) districts. Evaluation of monthly population fluctuation data indicates a rapid increase at June and September. Therefore its concluded that the pest have minimum two generations per year, in Nevşehir province. Population fluctuations were further investigated per disctrict basis, and possible reasons of rises and falls of populations levels in the given disctrict were discussed.Keywords: Tuta absoluta, population fluctuation, spatial distribution, pheromone trap 96

Bu çalışmada, 2015-2016 yılları arasında Marmara Bölgesi’nde (Bursa, Yalova, Bilecik, Kocaeli, Sakarya ve İstanbul) yaprağı yenen sebzelerden salata (kıvırcık, marul, aysberg) maydanoz, dereotu, roka, ıspanak ve tere üretim alanlarında görülen hastalık ve zararlı türlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yaprağı yenen sebze üretim alanları hastalık ve zararlı yönünden incelenmiş ve örnek alınmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda fungal etmenlerden Septoria sp., Sclerotinia sp., Botrytis cinerea, Bremia lactucae, viral etmenlerden Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) ve Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), zararlılardan salyangoz, solucan, sülük, yaprak biti, thrips, Empoasca sp. ve Meloidogyne incognita, faydalı böcek olarak ise Coccinela septempunctata, Crysopha sp. ve Syrphus sp. tespit edilmiştir. Sürvey yapılan alanlarda bakteriyel hastalık etmeni tespit edilmemiştir. In this study, it was aimed to determine the diseases and pest species seen in salad (curly, lettuce, iceberg) parsley, dill, arugula, spinach and cress production areas in the Marmara Region (Bursa, Yalova, Bilecik, Kocaeli, Sakarya and İstanbul) between 2015 and 2016.Considering the cultivation areas of leafy vegetables areas was examined and sampled. Fungal agents such as Septoria sp., Sclerotinia sp., Botrytis cinerea, Bremia lactucae, Viral agents such as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Lettuce mosaic potyvirus (LMV), pests such as snail, worm, leech, aphis, thrips, Empoasca sp. and Meloidogyne incognita, as useful insect Coccinela septempunctata, Crysopha sp., and Syrphus sp. were identified result of the analysis. No bacterial agent was detect in the surveyed areas.

Objective: to determine the factors that influence on self-medication in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) adolescents in rural area. Materials and methods: analytical, cross-sectional study, which 383 adolescents between 10 and 18 years old, who lives in two towns of Cartagena, participated. An instrument designed for this study and validated by an expert was applied and integrated by a sociodemographic component, as well as a self-medication and related factors instrument. Results: participants were mostly males (58.2%), between 12 and 17 years old (14.9% and 16.2%), high school students (55.1%). This practice is associated with influence of a relative or a friend (OR 95% CI (6,686 (3,960-11,288)), female sex (OR 95% CI (2,636 (1,516- 4,586) and the acquisition of medications without a medical formula (OR 95% CI (10,491 (4,849 22,698)). Conclusions: self-medication is a common practice among adolescents in the rural area of Cartagena, and is given by cultural factors, such as the family influences and the flexibility of acquiring medications without a medical formula.

This study combines historical data and the principles of bone functional adaptation to examine variation in terrestrial mobility in men and women from pre-industrial urban (Alkmaar 7M, 9F) and rural (Klaaskinderkerke 12M, 8F; Middenbeemster 21M, 22F) Dutch populations. Cross-sectional properties of the femoral and tibial midshaft are determined to investigate variation in lower limb mechanical loading. All populations had comparable age ranges. Rural Middenbeemster males had significantly more elliptically shaped tibiae compared to the other populations. Rural males from Klaaskinderkerke had significantly greater femoral cross-sectional area and torsional rigidity compared to females. In the tibia, the males from both rural populations had greater torsional rigidity and cross-sectional area compared to females. In the rural Middenbeemster population the males also had significantly more elliptically shaped tibiae compared to females. While no sexual dimorphism was found in the urban Alkmaar, significantly greater variation in lower limb cross-sectional properties was found for both males and females relative to the rural populations. These results conform to predictions based on the historical literature of greater lower limb loading in rural males compared to females as well as a greater variety of tasks performed in urban environments. The lack of significant differences in lower limb torsional rigidity or shape between populations in either sex suggests that rural life was not necessarily more physically strenuous than urban life in pre-industrial Dutch populations. However, variation in sexual dimorphism suggests that labor between males and females was differently organized in the rural and urban samples.

Bu çalışma farklı humik asit uygulama yöntemlerinin pamukta verim, verim bileşenleri, bitki besin maddesi alınımı ve lif kalite özellikleri üzerine olan etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma 2016 yılında Siirt Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri bölümü deneme alanında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüş ve denemede materyal olarak Stoneville 468 pamuk çeşidi ile TKİ Hümas humik asidi kullanılmıştır. Denemede 7 farklı uygulama (Kontrol, Toprağa Humik Asit Uygulaması, Tohuma Uygulama, Çiçeklenme Öncesi Dönemde Yaprağa Uygulama, Çiçeklenme Döneminde Yaprağa Uygulama, Toprağa + Çiçeklenme Öncesi Dönemde Yaprağa Uygulama, Tohuma + Çiçeklenme Döneminde Yaprağa Uygulama) yer almıştır. Humik asit uygulamalarının kütlü pamuk verimi, lif verimi, koza sayısı ve koza kütlü ağırlığı özelliklerine önemli etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çiçeklenme gün sayısı, koza açma gün sayısı, bitki boyu, odun dalı sayısı, meyve dalı sayısı, ilk meyve dalı boğum sayısı, boğum sayısı, boy/nod oranı, koza ağırlığı, 100 tohum ağırlığı, çırçır randımanı, ilk el kütlü oranı, yaprak klorofil içeriği (SPAD değeri) ve yaprakta yeşil kalma süresi (NDVI değeri) ile lif teknolojik özelliklerinin tümü üzerine uygulamaların önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Yaprak analizi sonucuna göre, yaprakta potasyum, kalsiyum, sodyum, magnezyum, çinko ve bakır içeriklerinin uygulamalara bağlı olarak farklılık gösterdiği, azot, demir ve mangan içeriklerinin ise uygulamalardan etkilenmediği belirlenmiştir. Humik asit uygulamaları toprakta azot hariç fosfor, potasyum, kalsiyum, sodyum, magnezyum, demir, çinko, mangan ve bakır içerikleri üzerine önemli etkide bulunmuştur. Çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde yaprağa humik asit uygulaması ile kütlü pamuk verimi, lif verimi, koza sayısı, yaprakta azot, kalsiyum ve magnezyum içeriği, toprakta fosfor ve sodyum içeriği değerinin arttığı, toprağa humik asit uygulaması ile yaprakta sodyum ve çinko içeriğinin arttığı, humik asidin yaprağın bakır içeriğinde azalmaya yol açtığı, tohuma uygulama ile toprakta potasyum, demir ve mangan içeriğinin arttığı, çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde yaprağa uygulama ve tohuma uygulamanın toprakta kalsiyum, magnezyum ve bakır içeriğinde artışa yol açtığı belirlenmiştir. Pamukta humik asit uygulamasının bitkinin çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde yeşil aksama yapılmasının daha uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. This study was carried out to determine the effect of different humic acid application methods on cotton yield, yield components, nutrient uptake and fiber technological characteristics. The study was conducted at Siirt University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field Crops experimental area as randomized complete block design with four replications in 2016. Stoneville 468 cotton variety and TKI Humas humic acid were used as material. Seven different humic acid applications were performed as Control, To Soil, Seeds, Leaves at Pre-Flowering Stage, Leaves at Flowering Stage, Soil + Leaves at Pre-Flowering Stage and Seeds + Leaves at Flowering Stage.The results of variance analysis showed that seed cotton yield, fiber yield, number of boll per plant and seed yield weight per boll significantly affected from different humic acid applications. On the other hand, days of flowering, first opening days of bolls, plant height, monopodial branches, sympodial branches, the number of first vegetative branche's node, number of nodes, height / node rates, boll weight, 100 seeds weight, ginning percentage, first harvest percentage, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD Values), GreenSeeker (NDVI values) and fiber technological characteristics were not affected from different humic acid applications. The results of leaf analysis showed that the leaf content of potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, zinc and copper affected from different applications, while nitrogen, iron and manganese were not. The different application of humic acid significantly affected the soil content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper, but not nitrogen.It was determined that seed cotton yield, fiber yield, number of boll per plant; nitrogen, calcium and magnesium content of leaves; phosphorus and sodium content of soil increased by different humic acid applications. Sodium and zinc content of leaves increased by soil application of humic acid, while copper content decreased. Potassium, iron and manganese content of soil increased by humic acid applications to the seeds. Additionally, at pre-flowering stage application of humic acid to the leaves and seeds increased the content of calcium, magnesium and copper in soil.It was concluded that application of humic acid at pre-flowering stage to green parts of plants is more suitable than other applications in cotton. 100

cited By 174; International audience; A theoretical model for the dynamics of a simple two-phase mixture is presented. A classical averaging approach combined with symmetry arguments is used to derive the mass, momentum, and energy equations for the mixture. The theory accounts for surficial energy at the interface and employs a nonequilibrium equation to relate the rate of work done by surface tension to the rates of both pressure work and viscous deformational work. The resulting equations provide a basic model for compaction with and without surface tension. Moreover, use of the full nonequilibrium surface energy relation allows for isotropic damage, i.e., creation of surface energy through void generation and growth (e.g., microcracking), and thus a continuum description of weakening and shear localization. Applications to compaction, damage, and shear localization are investigated in two companion papers. Copyright 2001 by the American Geophysical Union.

Phosphorus (P) is the second most growth limiting macronutrient after nitrogen and plays several important roles in all organisms including plants. In soil, P is available in both organic and inorganic forms. P deficiency reduces the growth and yield of several crop plants. Plants respond to P deficiency by the phenotypic changes especially by the modification of root architecture. Molecular marker-assisted breeding (MAB) has been proposed as an important tool to identify and develop improved varieties of crop plants with efficient P-use efficiency (PUE). Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits related to PUE has been considered as the first step in marker-assisted selection (MAS) and improvement of crop yield programmes. In this review, we describe in detail on architectural changes of roots under P deficiency that are reported in various crops and discuss the efforts made to improve PUE using molecular marker tools. Details on QTLs identified for low P-stress tolerance in various crop plants are presented. These QTLs can be used to improve PUE in crop plants through MAS and breeding, which may be beneficial to improve the yields under P-deficient soil. Development of new and improved varieties using MAB will limit the use of non-renewable fertilizers and improve PUE of key crop plants in low input agriculture.

Research indicates that aerosol optical thickness (AOT) values and particulate matter (PM10) measurements can be used as indicators of atmospheric pollution. The problem of relating AOT with suspended particulate matter near the ground is still an open question. While satellite images can provide reliable and synoptic measurements from space, comparisons with monitoring surface level air pollution continues to be a challenge since satellite measurements are column integrated quantities. In this study, in-situ spectroradiometric measurements were taken during satellite overpass using field spectrometers to obtain the reflectance values of the calibration targets used. Sun photometer measurements were taken with the Microtops hand-held sun photometer to measure AOT. Meteorological data was collected from nearby meteorological stations and PM10 measurements were collected from local mobile air pollution stations. Following, the darkest pixel method of atmospheric correction was applied to a series of Landsat satellite images. The reflectance values of the atmospherically-corrected image were used in the radiative transfer equation to solve for AOT. Thematic maps were generated in order to develop air quality indices. The image-derived AOT values were examined for a positive correlation with PM10 measurements. It appears there exists a significant correlation between AOT and PM10 measurements. 2012 SPIE.

[1] In this paper a set of frequency domain (500 Hz to 1 MHz) experimental data on electrical and magnetic parameters of magnetite/silica mixtures as Martian soil simulants is presented. Complex permittivity was obtained by measuring the magnitude and phase of the electrical impedance of a capacitive cell filled with the tested material. Complex magnetic permeability was obtained by measuring the impedance of a toroid fully embedded in the mixtures. Both the permittivity and magnetic permeability exhibited an appreciable increase with the magnetite volume fraction and a complex behavior with grain size and origin. Furthermore, to assess the possibility of extending the data acquired at 1 MHz to higher frequencies (tens to hundreds of MHz), some comparisons were made between these data and Time Domain Reflectometry measurements. Finally, the attenuation versus magnetite volume fraction and frequency (in a band consistent with the MARSIS and SHARAD sounders) was computed for various types of magnetite/silica mixtures. The results indicate that in a dry soil which contains a significant fraction of magnetic material both the wave velocity and the attenuation are a combination of different factors, including the dimension, shape, and origin of the magnetic material.

Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática Submitted by Patrícia Correia (patriciacorreia@ua.pt) on 2015-09-23T09:14:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NSCL na Plataforma ETSI M2M.pdf: 3208173 bytes, checksum: 5e6e18694ed004b2f9f1b860879c8619 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-23T09:14:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NSCL na Plataforma ETSI M2M.pdf: 3208173 bytes, checksum: 5e6e18694ed004b2f9f1b860879c8619 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014