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International audience

Actes du colloque de Montpellier, 15-16 novembre 2018; International audience; Bouvard et Pécuchet a d’emblée été conçu par Flaubert comme « un roman moderne faisant la contrepartie de Saint Antoine ». L’un comme l’autre questionnent les appartenances génériques : roman et encyclopédie pour le premier, roman et théâtre pour le second. Les deux œuvres démarquent et fusionnent d’un même mouvement ; elles se sont développées dans les marges, en jouant avec les frontières – et en se jouant des genres littéraires reçus. Cette plasticité générique est l’une des déclinaisons de leur rapport au monstrueux qui s’écrit dans un constant décalage par rapport aux normes. Par un effet de mise en abîme, et en raison d’une structure particulièrement accueillante, ces deux œuvres mettent toutes deux en scène un certain nombre de monstres, fantasmagoriques ou mythologiques pour l’une, matériels, physiologiques, sociaux et moraux, pour l’autre. Cette circulation du monstrueux interroge, en particulier dans le cadre de Bouvard , où le monstrueux intentionnel se complique d’un monstrueux accidentel, le caractère inachevé de l’œuvre exposant à la vue de tous l’informe par excellence, c’est-à-dire les matériaux d’une genèse définitivement inaboutie – pourtant sommés de tenir lieu d’œuvre.

International audience; Cette recherche a pour but d'analyser et de comprendre les raisons de l'échec du parc agro-industriel de Bukanga-Lonzo qui a été utilisé de 2014 à 2018 comme projet-pilote d'une série de vingt (20) PAI qui devaient être implantés en RDC avec l'appui de la Banque mondiale et de la Banque africaine de développement.

International audience; It has been 35 years since Igbozurike and Raza (1983), and rural communities in Nigeria continue to face many of the challenges identified in the ARMTI seminar. Poverty and rural-urban migration remain widespread in Nigeria. Further issues of security and terrorism have also made their way into the array of problems facing rural communities in Nigeria. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the issues affecting the quality of life in 21st century rural Nigeria, in order to ascertain what has changed or remained the same since 1983. In achieving the study aim, the parameters used by Igbozurike and Raza (1983) will be linked with current literature on the quality of life in rural Nigeria. The paper will look at the following parameters: socioeconomic indicators, social services and infrastructure, nutritional status, population structure and mobility, institutional frameworks and the role of Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs).

[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [ADD1_IRSTEA]Dynamique et fonctionnement des écosystèmesChapter 1; International audience; The Green Revolution and the introduction of chemical fertilizers, synthetic pesticides and high yield crops had enabled to increase food production in the mid and late 20th. The benefits of this agricultural intensification have however reached their limits since yields are no longer increasing for many crops, negative externalities on the environment and human health are now recognized and economic inequality between farmers have increased. Agroecology has been proposed to secure food supply with fewer or lower negative environmental and social impacts than intensive agriculture. Agroecology principles are based on the recognition that biodiversity in agroecosystems can provide more than only food, fibre and timber. Hence, biodiversity and its associated functions, such as pollination, pest control, and mechanisms that maintain or improve soil fertility, may improve production efficiency and sustainability of agroecosystems. Although appealing, promoting ecological-based agricultural production is not straightforward since agroecosystems are socio-ecosystems with complex interactions between the ecological and social systems that act at different spatial and temporal scales. To be operational, agroecology thus requires understanding the relationships between biodiversity, functions and management, as well as to take into account the links between agriculture, ecology and the society. Here we review current knowledge on (i) the effect of landscape context on biodiversity and ecosystem functions and (ii) trophic and non-trophic interactions in ecological networks in agroecosystems. In particular, many insights have been made these two previous decades on (i) the interacting effects of management and landscape characteristics on biodiversity, (ii) the crucial role of plant diversity in delivering multiple services and (iii) the variety of ecological belowground mechanisms determining soil fertility in interaction with aboveground processes. However, we also pinpointed the absence of consensus on the effects of landscape heterogeneity on biodiversity and the need for a better mechanistic understanding of the effects of landscape and agricultural variables on farmland food webs and related services. We end by proposing new research avenues to fill knowledge gaps and implement agroecological principles within operational management strategies.

La présente note s'inscrit dans la volonté de participer à la réflexion engagée par la région Nouvelle Aquitaine sur la gestion de l'eau en regard des récents épisodes de sécheresse et de la perspective du changement climatique annoncé. L'Institut de droit rural de Poitiers, à travers de multiples travaux, s'est intéressé à la politique de l'eau en lien avec les activités agricoles. Il en est ressorti certains constats et conclusions concernant notre territoire.

This protocol defines the procedure to conduct a systematic literature review on adaptive middleware support for the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-physical Systems (CPS). The mentioned concepts deal with smart interactive objects which provide a set of services, but they look into the problem from various perspectives. We especially look into middleware design decisions for reactive/proactive adaptations. Following a systematic literature review (SLR) in the selection procedure, we selected 62 papers among 4,274 candidate studies. To this end, we applied the classification and extraction framework to select and analyze the most influential domain-related information. In addition to the academic database, we took advantage of the use-cases provided by our industrial partners within the CPS4EU 2 project. This document clarifies the primary studies' selection process. The analysis of the studies, discussion, and solution proposals will be presented separately in a journal article.

Although literacy is based on mastering a series of technical and cultural skills, such as reading, writing, numeracy, and media proficiency, these skills do not in themselves amount to literacy. As brought forth more and more by research, literacy is fundamentally situated and determined by the cultural, political, and historical contexts of the communities in which it is activated. However, with the new digital knowledge contexts, within which 21st century skills are being deployed, literacy, and therefore education, is facing a major challenge. The evolving digital technologies are not only transforming the access, they are also fostering new approaches to knowledge, new knowledge architectures, new knowledge ethics, new accountability requirements and assessments. These new emerging issues for education will be described as part of the ongoing digital knowledge revolution.; Ainsi que l'ont montré diverses recherches, la littéracie est fondamentalement située et déterminée par les contextes historiques, politiques et culturels des communautés où elle se développe. Avec les nouveaux contextes numériques, et les nouvelles compétences du 21e siècle, l'éducation doit faire face à un défi majeur. L'évolution des technologies numériques non seulement transforme l'accès à l'information, mais elle favorise de nouvelles approches de la connaissance, de nouvelles architectures, de nouvelles exigences éthiques, et de nouveaux contrats d'usage. Ces nouvelles questions sont explorées en tant qu'elles participent de la révolution numérique en cours.