search
The following results are related to Rural Digital Europe. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
30 Research products

  • Rural Digital Europe
  • Doctoral thesis
  • European University of Technology
  • Rural Digital Europe

10
arrow_drop_down
Relevance
arrow_drop_down
  • Authors: Benblidia, Mohammed Anis;

    This thesis considers the energy efficiency of information and communication infrastructures in a smart grid - cloud system. It especially deals with communication networks and cloud data centers due to their high energy consumption, which confers them an important role in the network. The contributions of this thesis are implemented on the same framework integrating the smart grid, microgrid, cloud, data centers and users. Indeed, we have studied the interaction between the cloud data centers and the smart grid provider and we have proposed energy efficient power allocation solutions and an energy cost minimization scheme using two architectures: a smart grid-cloud architecture and a microgrid-cloud architecture. In addition, we paid close attention to execute user requests while ensuring a good quality of service in a fog-cloud architecture. In comparison with state-of-the-art works, the results of our contributions have shown that they respond to the identified challenges, particularly in terms of reducing carbon emissions and energy costs of cloud data centers.; Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l’efficacité énergétique des infrastructures informatiques dans un système smart grid – cloud. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement aux réseaux de communication et aux data centers du cloud. Nous nous focalisons sur ces derniers à cause de leur grande consommation d’énergie et du rôle vital qu’ils jouent dans un monde connecté en pleine expansion, les positionnant, ainsi, comme des éléments importants dans un système smart grid - cloud. De ce fait, les travaux de cette thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’un seul framework intégrant le smart grid, le microgrid, le cloud, les data centers et les utilisateurs. Nous avons, en effet, étudié l’interaction entre les data centers du cloud et le fournisseur d’énergie du smart grid et nous avons proposé des solutions d’allocation d’énergie et de minimisation du coût d’énergie en utilisant deux architectures : (1) une architecture smart grid-cloud et (2) une architecture microgrid-cloud. Par ailleurs, nous avons porté une attention particulière à l’exécution des requêtes des utilisateurs tout en leur garantissant un niveau de qualité de service satisfaisant dans une architecture fog -cloud. En comparaison avec les travaux de l’état de l’art, les résultats de nos contributions ont montré qu’ils répondent aux enjeux identifiés, notamment en réduisant les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et le coût d’énergie des data centers.

    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Juan López Coronado; Javier Molina Vilaplana;

    [SPA] En esta Tesis Doctoral se proponen y desarrollan nuevos modelos neuronales de inspiración biológica para el control y aprendizaje de tareas de agarre por parte de dispositivos robóticos antropomorfos. En la primera parte de la Tesis se lleva a cabo una revisión exhausta de los aspectos más relevantes del comportamiento humano y animal durante movimientos de agarre de objetos en la que se resaltan las características invariantes de dicho movimiento, establecidas a través de numerosos experimentos psicofísicos con humanos y primates. A continuación se realiza un repaso al estado actual del conocimiento relativo a la neurobiología que subyace a los comportamientos motrices descritos anteriormente. Con esta base, la Tesis presenta un modelo para la organización del movimiento de agarre que mimetiza las interacciones entre distintas áreas del córtex y los ganglios basales durante la planificación y ejecución del movimiento de agarre en condiciones normales y en condiciones de déficit motor parkinsoniano. El modelo genera trayectorias realistas de agarre a través de la computación y actualización continúa de las señales que codifican la diferencia entre los programas motores que se establecen para la realización de la tarea, y el estado actual de los efectores finales del movimiento involucrados en la ejecución de dicha tarea. Las principales hipótesis del modelo son: (1) el control del transporte de la mano y de la apertura de los dedos se lleva a cabo a través de la acción de señales de paso talámicas cuya modulación corre a cargo de los circuitos neuronales de los ganglios basales. Dichas señales permiten la ejecución coordinada de los distintos subobjetivos que componen una tarea de agarre. (2) La disrupción del programa motriz detectado en la enfermedad de Parkinson, se debe a la modificación en la funcionalidad de la red de interneuronas colinérgicas del estriado ante una deflexión de dopamina estriatal. En estas condiciones, dicha red de interneuronas pierde la habilidad para mantener segregada la información procesada en bucles cortico ganglio basles paralelos y como consecuencia se producen acoplamientos entre distintos canales cortico subcorticales que afectan a los patrones cinemáticos prototípicos del movimiento de agarre. (3) La aplicación de este modelo a un sistema en el que los efectores finales de los movimientos son antropomorficamente realistas, implica el desarrollo, a partir de los resultados de experiencias psicofísicas expresamente diseñadas en esta Tesis Doctoral, de un esquema de control biológicamente plausible para la reducción de la dimensionalidad en el problema de la coordinación del gesto de la mano, durante el movimiento de agarre. Este esquema de control es lo que se define en la Tesis como Biblioteca de Gestos.(4) El aprendizaje que permite el establecimiento de los programas motores tras la percepción del objeto se lleva a cabo a través de una novedosa arquitectura neuronal multi red inspirada en la conectividad cortical entre áreas del córtex parietal posterior y córtex promotor que, tras una serie de etapas de aprendizaje, es capaz de generar movimientos de agarre correctos para un conjunto brazo mano robot antropomorfo cuando a éste sistema se le presentan objetos de distinta forma y tamaño, independientemente de su localización u orientación en el espacio. La Tesis presenta numerosos resultados referentes a la simulación de los modelos en distintas situaciones así como resultados relativos a la implantación de dichos modelos sobre una plataforma robótica antropomorfa orientada al agarre de objetos. Dichos resultados sustentan las hipótesis teóricas que fundamentan esta investigación y por otra parte muestran las capacidades de los modelos desarrollados para actuar como controladores de alto nivel en el guiado de tareas de agarre manipuladores robóticos humanoides. [ENG] Robotics has become into a traditional field in which research is made by engineers and scientist from different science disciplines such as mathematics, physics, medicine, neurosciences etc. It is evident that in the last years , robotics has evolve to be a multidisciplinary area getting closer and closer to everyday life of human beings such as in the cases of robotics applied to rehabilitation or surgery. It also has been established the use of robotics as a tool for the study of the Man and other biological systems or even to construct artificial anthropomorphic components such as, arms, sensors or cognitive – behavioural schemas able to substitute their biological counterparts in some situations. In the last years, it has been established within the robotics community, the idea about that the understanding of the nervous system of humans and monkeys has also a potential industrial or productive interest. The artificial intelligence industrial devices are more and more inspired in Biology. The brain operates in way very different to the way an actual robot actually operates. The mechanisms for information processing are vastly more complex and subtle in brain neural circuits than in the electronic circuits of the actual robots. The interactions within groups of neurons modify the properties of neural firing of these neurons in their interaction with sensory signals from the external world. An elemental learning such as avoiding behaviours with negative consequences, imply millions of neuronal events, including the reconfiguration and establishment of new neuronal connections. This is what is called ‘adaptability to environment’ of the biological systems. Neuro – Robotics constitutes an emergent and new field which represents, in its objectives, a huge challenge for science ad technology: the transference of fundamental principles of the neurobiology that drives the human behaviour to the diversity of disciplines of the engineering that constitute the Robotics (signal processing, robust and adaptive control, non linear systems, pattern recognition, mechatronics, etc…). If Robotics always has been a multidisciplinary field basically at the technological level, the need to push this field into major advances, requires a stronger interaction between the roboticians and scientist from another fields such as neurosciences, physiology or psychology. The ideas exposed above are the general reference frame in which the work of this PhD Thesis is developed. Concretely, it could be said that, major objectives of this PhD coincide with major objectives of two basic research projects funded by European Commission: BRITE-SYNERAGH (Systems neuroscience and engineering research for anthropomorphic grasping and handling, 1998-2001, BRE-2-CT980797) project and IST/FET-PALOMA (Progressive and adaptive learning for object manipulation: a biologically inspired multi-network architecture, 2001-2004, IST-2001-33073) project. The author of this PhD Thesis is ascribed to NeuroTechnology, Control and Robotics research group of the Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. This research group and the author of this Thesis, have been intensively involved in the development of the two mentioned European projects. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Programa de doctorado en Tecnologías Industriales. Subprograma Neurotecnología, Control y Robótica

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://repositorio.upct.es/bi...
    Thesis
    License: cc-by-nc-nd
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://repositorio.upct.es/bi...
      Thesis
      License: cc-by-nc-nd
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Themistocleous, Kyriacos;

    Atmospheric correction is an important pre-processing step required in many satellite remote sensing applications. Although there are several available atmospheric correction algorithms, there is limited literature available that examines their effectiveness using in-situ measurements from spectroradiometers and sun-photometers to retrieve reflectance and atmospheric properties. The aims of this thesis are to improve the Empirical Line Method of atmospheric correction, apply the improved Empirical Line Method and the Darkest Pixel method to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness (AOT), and to conduct an accuracy assessement of the results using in-situ measurements from spectroradiometers and sun-photometers. Five commonly located surface materials (gray asphalt, black asphalt, concrete, black sand and compacted sand) were identified as meeting the criteria for pseudo-invariant targets and their spectral signatures were measured from January 2010 to May 2011, in order to assess that their reflectance values did not change over time. The empirical line method was improved by using several pseudo-invariant targets of varying spectral characteristics. The Darkest Pixel method utilized the actual reflectance values of the darkest pixel in the selected area of interest. Eleven satellite images were atmospherically corrected using the improved empirical line method and the darkest pixel method with the actual reflectance values. The study found a strong agreement between the AOT values derived from the algorithm developed in this thesis and the in-situ AOT measurements from the sun photometers. A GIS analysis was conducted using the algorithm developed in this to produce thematic maps to identify AOT distribution in the greater area of Limassol. The proposed AOT retrieval algorithm is a fully image based method that explicits global applicability. The innovation of this thesis is the retrieval of AOT by developing an image-based algorithm based on the radiative transfer equation to derive AOT using the reflectance values from the empirical line and darkest pixel method of atmpspheric correction. Novel contributions to this thesis include the employment of pseudo-invariant targets for conducting accuracy assessment of both atmospheric correction methods, the improvement of the empirical line method using five pseudo-invariant targets of varying spectral characteristics and assessing the effects of wet and dry conditions on the pseudo-invariant targets. It is the first time that a GIS analysis has been conducted to automatically retrieve AOT using the radiative transfer equations. The integrated use of field spectroscopy, GIS and remote sensing for atmospheric correction of satellite imagery and AOT retrieval is an innovative contribution to the field of remote sensing. Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis (Research Supervisor) Nikolaos Soulakellis (Committee Memeber-Chairperson) Adrianos Retalis (Committee Memeber-Advisor) Nektarios Chrysoulakis (Committee Memeber-Advisor) Evangelos Akylas (Committee Member) A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Completed

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ktisis
    Doctoral thesis . 2011
    Data sources: Ktisis
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Ktisis
      Doctoral thesis . 2011
      Data sources: Ktisis
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zitzmann, Cathel;

    La nécessité de communiquer de façon sécurisée n’est pas chose nouvelle : depuis l’antiquité des méthodes existent afin de dissimuler une communication. La cryptographie a permis de rendre un message inintelligible en le chiffrant, la stéganographie quant à elle permet de dissimuler le fait même qu’un message est échangé. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet "Recherche d’Informations Cachées" financé par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche, l’Université de Technologie de Troyes a travaillé sur la modélisation mathématique d’une image naturelle et à la mise en place de détecteurs d’informations cachées dans les images. Ce mémoire propose d’étudier la stéganalyse dans les images naturelles du point de vue de la décision statistique paramétrique. Dans les images JPEG, un détecteur basé sur la modélisation des coefficients DCT quantifiés est proposé et les calculs des probabilités du détecteur sont établis théoriquement. De plus, une étude du nombre moyen d’effondrements apparaissant lors de l’insertion avec les algorithmes F3 et F4 est proposée. Enfin, dans le cadre des images non compressées, les tests proposés sont optimaux sous certaines contraintes, une des difficultés surmontées étant le caractère quantifié des données The need of secure communication is not something new: from ancient, methods exist to conceal communication. Cryptography helped make unintelligible message using encryption, steganography can hide the fact that a message is exchanged.This thesis is part of the project "Hidden Information Research" funded by the National Research Agency, Troyes University of Technology worked on the mathematical modeling of a natural image and creating detectors of hidden information in digital pictures.This thesis proposes to study the steganalysis in natural images in terms of parametric statistical decision. In JPEG images, a detector based on the modeling of quantized DCT coefficients is proposed and calculations of probabilities of the detector are established theoretically. In addition, a study of the number of shrinkage occurring during embedding by F3 and F4 algorithms is proposed. Finally, for the uncompressed images, the proposed tests are optimal under certain constraints, a difficulty overcome is the data quantization

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2013
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Antonio Peñalver Alcalá;

    [SPA] La minería metálica es una de las actividades más perjudiciales para el medio ambiente a nivel mundial, entre otros motivos debido a la alta cantidad de residuos potencialmente peligrosos con elevada concentración de metales y metaloides (elementos potencialmente tóxicos, PTEs) que produce. Además, las excavaciones y movimientos de tierra pueden llevar a la destrucción completa de las áreas afectadas y sus alrededores. Los depósitos de almacenamiento de residuos (grandes pilas al aire libre que almacenan residuos fangosos procedentes de lavaderos de mineral) son especialmente preocupantes, ya que presentan las mayores concentraciones de PTEs y muchas veces se abandonan in situ tras el cese de la actividad minera sin ninguna medida de restauración. Los suelos de los depósitos mineros se forman a partir de los residuos que éstos almacenan. Aparte de presentar niveles extremadamente altos de PTEs, se caracterizan generalmente por una alta salinidad, valores extremos de pH (de ácido a alcalino), baja disponibilidad de materia orgánica y nutrientes, y falta de estructura edáfica que conduce a una escasa capacidad de retención de agua y de aireación. Entre otras cosas, esto dificulta el crecimiento de la vegetación provocando que muchas veces la superficie de los depósitos permanezca desnuda, favoreciendo la propagación de PTEs a las áreas adyacentes. Las condiciones hostiles impuestas por los residuos mineros no sólo obstaculizan la colonización de las plantas sino también la biodiversidad del suelo, lo que a menudo da lugar a escasa actividad biológica en los suelos de los depósitos. Son suelos con baja capacidad para albergar organismos vivos y, por consiguiente, para desarrollar procesos biológicos. Esto provoca que la funcionalidad de los suelos de los depósitos mineros sea muy limitada, así como su capacidad para proporcionar servicios ecosistémicos. Las técnicas convencionales de remediación de depósitos mineros se basan en soluciones de ingeniería tales como operaciones de remoción y/o aislamiento in situ mediante sellado y plantación. Sin embargo, estas opciones son generalmente costosas y/o técnicamente difíciles de implementar y eso dificulta su implantación. Otras opciones, que pueden ser complementarias a las técnicas de ingeniería, son las técnicas de fitomanejo. El fitomanejo comprende un conjunto de alternativas más baratas y respetuosas con el medio ambiente que buscan manejar el sistema suelo-planta mediante el uso de enmiendas de suelo y/o la introducción de especies de plantas tolerantes a las condiciones extremas de estos ambientes, para controlar la dispersión de PTEs. Dentro del fitomanejo, la fitoestabilización tiene como objetivo reducir la movilidad de los PTEs y/o su (bio)disponibilidad a través de la absorción y/o fijación en las raíces, y/o la inmovilización en el suelo por fenómenos como la precipitación, adsorción, oxidación, reducción, para evitar su entrada en la cadena trófica, así como su migración a las aguas subterráneas. Un proceso que puede ayudar a implementar las técnicas de fitoestabilización es la denominada restauración pasiva, que se basa en la capacidad de las plantas nativas para colonizar y crecer espontáneamente en lugares perturbados. Este fenómeno conduce a la formación de parches de vegetación (llamados a veces islas de fertilidad) cuyos suelos suelen mostrar un mayor contenido de C y N orgánicos y una mayor actividad microbiana que las áreas desnudas adyacentes. Esto es particularmente interesante cuando los depósitos mineros están ubicados en mitad de áreas naturales (por ejemplo, zonas boscosas) rodeados de vegetación que puede esparcir propágulos y semillas que alcanzan con facilidad los depósitos abandonados. En este sentido, favorecer el establecimiento de especies nativas en los depósitos ayuda a crear puntos de nucleación en éstos y a desencadenar la expansión de la vegetación en su superficie. Entre otros, este proceso podría verse favorecido por la adición de enmiendas orgánicas al suelo, como biochar y residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU), que inmovilicen los metal(oid)es y mejoren las condiciones de los suelos. El objetivo general de la Tesis Doctoral fue profundizar en el conocimiento de los aspectos físicos, fisicoquímicos, funcionales y ecotoxicológicos en suelos de depósitos abandonados de minería metálica de ambientes semiáridos Mediterráneos y su relación con la colonización vegetal espontánea, y valorar si la adición de enmiendas orgánicas contribuye a mejorar estos ecosistemas al promover la recuperación de la funcionalidad del suelo y desencadenar la colonización espontánea de la vegetación. Para lograr este objetivo general, se plantearon tres objetivos específicos: 1. Evaluar en qué grado pueden modificarse las condiciones del suelo tras la colonización espontánea de la vegetación en depósitos abandonados de minería metálica, y aportar evidencias sobre el interés de esta colonización para el fitomanejo de estos depósitos. 2. Evaluar en qué medida la colonización vegetal espontánea de depósitos abandonados de minería metálica da lugar a una mejora funcional del suelo e identificar, si es posible, un nivel crítico que indique que esta funcionalidad se aproxima a la de los suelos naturales con vegetación de las áreas circundantes. 3. Evaluar la eficacia de una enmienda orgánica compuesta por biochar (procedente de podas de árboles) y compost de RSU para mejorar las condiciones de suelos ácidos sin cubierta vegetal en depósitos de residuos mineros y valorar si los efectos de dicha enmienda persisten estacionalmente durante un año y favorecen la colonización vegetal espontánea. El área de estudio seleccionada fue el antiguo distrito minero de Cartagena-La Unión (≈50 km2; Región de Murcia, SE España), cuya actividad finalizó en 1991. La zona presenta un clima semiárido Mediterráneo (precipitación media anual ≈200-300 mm, temperatura media anual ≈17 °C, y tasa media anual de evapotranspiración ≈850 mm). La vegetación natural está constituida principalmente por arbustos xerófilos mediterráneos y bosques de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis). Los principales metales extraídos en la zona fueron Fe, Pb y Zn, obtenidos de minerales como carbonatos, sulfuros y sulfatos. En la actualidad, permanecen en la zona 89 depósitos mineros abandonados, la mayoría de ellos sin ningún tipo de intervención de restauración. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos de estos depósitos, separados por una distancia de ≈2000 m y construidos a mediados de los años 60 para almacenar los residuos de las minas de galena (PbS), y en las áreas forestales circundantes. Ambos depósitos (ubicados a ≈170-200 m sobre el nivel del mar y situados en pequeños valles de orientación NW a SE) fueron abandonados hace ≈40 años y han sido parcialmente colonizados por la vegetación nativa formando parches irregulares que cubren entre ≈20% y ≈50% de las superficies. A finales de abril-inicios mayo de 2017 se seleccionaron seis ambientes diferentes para el estudio, estableciendo cuatro parcelas de muestreo de 2 m x 2 m en cada uno de ellos: A) Dentro de los depósitos mineros. 1. Suelos desnudos (B); 2. Parches con pequeños grupos de árboles de P. halepensis creciendo dispersos de ≈2,5-5 m de alto (P); 3. Parches formados por árboles aislados de P. halepensis creciendo dispersos de >≈4-5 m de alto arbustos y hierbas bajo su copa (P+S); 4. Parches densos que incluyen varios árboles de P. halepensis de >≈4-5 m de altura y arbustos y hierbas bajo su copa (DP+S). B) Fuera de los depósitos mineros. 5. Bosque situado junto a los depósitos mineros con árboles de P. halepensis de >≈5 m de altura y arbustos y hierbas bajo su copa (FN); 6. Bosque situado lejos de los depósitos mineros (≈1600-1800 m) con árboles de P. halepensis de >≈5 m de altura y arbustos y hierbas bajo su copa (FA). Además, en los suelos desnudos dentro de los depósitos se establecieron cuatro parcelas adicionales para un experimento de adición de enmiendas al suelo (AB). Los resultados de la Tesis Doctoral se presentan en tres capítulos: Capítulo 5. Incluye el trabajo planificado para responder al primer objetivo específico, basado en una campaña de trabajo de campo realizada en el verano de 2017. Se evaluaron un conjunto de indicadores del suelo (físicos, fisicoquímicos y biológicos) en condiciones de campo y laboratorio en los ambientes B, P, P+S, DP+S, FN y FA. Los resultados evidencian el interés de la colonización espontánea por parte de la vegetación nativa para el fitomanejo de depósitos de minería metálica, en términos de proporcionar funcionalidad al ecosistema. En los parches de vegetación dentro de los depósitos se encontraron especies de plantas pioneras y nodrizas (favorecedoras de la sucesión vegetal) y los índices ecológicos de vegetación en P+S y DP+S fueron similares a FN y FA. En los suelos de los parches se encontraron evidencias de pedogénesis, como el desarrollo de estructura edáfica y el aumento de la capacidad de intercambio catiónico y el C y N orgánicos, siguiendo un patrón de aumento/mejora B-P-P+S-DP+S. Sin embargo, los contenidos de metal(oid)es del suelo no siguieron el mismo patrón de variación. Por ejemplo (en mg kg-1): P mostró el valor máximo de Cu (≈277) y Zn (≈17860) totales, mientras que P+S de As (≈1250) y Pb (≈14570) totales. B tuvo el máximo de Pb (≈4) y Zn (≈207) solubles en agua, mientras que FA de As (≈0,192) y Cu (≈0,149). El C de la biomasa microbiana del suelo, la actividad enzimática, la respiración de suelo (emisión de CO2), la descomposición de la materia orgánica y la actividad alimentaria de los invertebrados edáficos indicaron una actividad biológica similar o incluso superior en P+S y DP+S que en FN y FA. De hecho, FA mostró alto riesgo de ecotoxicidad del suelo (reproducción reducida del invertebrado Enchytraeus crypticus), atribuible a las altas concentraciones de As soluble en agua. Por lo tanto, de estos resultados se deduce que la vegetación que coloniza espontáneamente los depósitos de residuos mineros puede modificar eficazmente sus suelos, que adquieren la capacidad de proporcionar ciertas funciones del ecosistema. Los resultados de este trabajo fueron publicados en el artículo científico: Álvarez-Rogel, J., Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Jiménez-Cárceles, F.J., Tercero, M.C., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. Evidence supporting the value of spontaneous vegetation for phytomanagement of soil ecosystem functions in abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings. Catena 201, 105191; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105191. Capítulo 6. Este capítulo incluye el trabajo planificado para responder al segundo objetivo específico, basado en una campaña de trabajo de campo realizada en la primavera de 2018. Se estudiaron los índices ecológicos de la vegetación, las formas de vida de las plantas y los roles funcionales de éstas, junto con parámetros fisicoquímicos y funcionales de los suelos, en los ambientes B, P, P+S, DP+S, FN y FA. Los parches de vegetación solo mostraron pequeñas diferencias en los parámetros fisicoquímicos relacionados con las condiciones de estrés abiótico del suelo (pH, salinidad y metales), independientemente de la vegetación. Sin embargo, parches de vegetación con mayor diversidad y riqueza de especies y presencia de plantas con mayor contraste de formas de vida y rasgos funcionales más diversos que facilitan el crecimiento de especies menos tolerantes al estrés, mostraron un aumento de la funcionalidad microbiana del suelo (mayor C de la biomasa microbiana, actividad β-glucosidasa, actividad metabólica bacteriana y diversidad funcional). Además, estos parches de vegetación mostraron un estado funcional del suelo comparable al de los bosques fuera de los depósitos mineros. Los resultados de este trabajo fueron publicados en el artículo científico: Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Álvarez-Rogel, J., Peixoto, S., Silva, I., Silva, A.R.R., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. The relationships between functional and physicochemical soil parameters in metal(loid) mine tailings from Mediterranean semiarid areas support the value of spontaneous vegetation colonization for phytomanagement. Ecological Engineering 168: 106293; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106293. Capítulo 7. Este capítulo incluye el trabajo planificado para responder al tercer objetivo específico. En abril de 2017 se aplicó una enmienda orgánica consistente en una mezcla de 3:1 de biochar y RSU compostado (dosis de 3% peso seco) a suelos ácidos (pH ≈5,5) sin vegetación de uno de los depósitos mineros. Las concentraciones de metal(oid)es totales en los suelos enmendados fueron (en mg kg-1): As ≈220, Cd ≈40, Mn ≈1800, Pb ≈5300 y Zn ≈8600. Dos meses después de la adición de la enmienda ya se observaron mejoras en las propiedades químicas y fisicoquímicas de los suelos (reducción de la acidez, salinidad y metales solubles en agua y aumento del contenido de C orgánico y nutrientes), que resultó en una reducción de la ecotoxicidad para el invertebrado edáfico Enchytraeus crypticus. El C orgánico recalcitrante proporcionado por el biochar permaneció en el suelo, mientras que los compuestos orgánicos lábiles proporcionados por el RSU se consumieron con el tiempo. Estas mejoras fueron consistentes durante al menos un año y condujeron a una menor densidad aparente, mayor capacidad de retención de agua y mayores niveles para los parámetros microbianos y relacionados con funcionalidad (C de la biomasa microbiana, actividad microbiana catabólica y emisión de CO2) en el suelo enmendado del depósito. El crecimiento espontáneo de la vegetación nativa se favoreció con la adición de enmiendas, pero fue necesario un periodo de tres años para que las plantas colonizadoras persistieran y alcanzaran tamaño adulto. Los resultados de este trabajo fueron publicados en el artículo científico: Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Álvarez-Rogel, J., Conesa, H.M., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. Biochar and urban solid refuse ameliorate the inhospitality of acidic mine tailings and foster effective spontaneous plant colonization under semiarid climate. Journal of Environmental Management 292: 112824; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112824. Las conclusiones generales de la Tesis Doctoral son tres: 1) La colonización vegetal espontánea de depósitos abandonados de minera metálica de zonas semiáridas Mediterráneas induce mejora de las condiciones físicas, fisicoquímicas, funcionales y ecotoxicológicas del suelo, independientemente de los niveles de meta(oid)es totales. 2) La riqueza y diversidad de especies vegetales con formas de vida diferentes y rasgos funcionales distintos parecen ser factores clave para lograr una mejora funcional efectiva del suelo en los parches de vegetación de depósitos mineros espontáneamente colonizados. 3) La combinación de biochar de podas de árboles y RSU compostado es, en general, una enmienda adecuada para mejorar los suelos ácidos de depósitos de residuos mineros, promoviendo su recuperación funcional y desencadenando la colonización espontánea de la vegetación. [ENG] Metal mining is one of the most environmentally detrimental activities worldwide, among others, due to the high load of (hazardous) wastes disposed. Mining can cause extreme impacts on the affected ecosystem(s), which can lead to multi-elemental pollution problems and, in some cases, to the complete destruction of the affected areas and their surroundings. Of particular concern are the so-called mine tailings (open-air piles that store muddy residues), which are, on many occasions, abandoned in situ after the mining activity ceases without any restoration. Mine tailings soils are formed from the mine wastes they store. Apart from extremely high metal(loid) levels, they are generally characterized by high salinity, extreme pH values (from acid to alkaline), low availability of organic matter and nutrients, and lack of physical structure that leads to reduced water retention capacity and aeration. Among others, this tends to cause lack of vegetation and that tailing surfaces remain bare, favoring the spread of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) to adjacent areas. The hostile conditions imposed by tailing wastes not only hinder plant colonization but also soil biodiversity, often leading to low-biologically active tailing soils (soils with low capacity to shelter living organisms and, consequently, to support biological processes). Thereby, the functionality of mine tailings soils is often restricted, as well as their capacity to provide ecosystem services. Conventional mine tailings remediation techniques are based on engineering solutions such as removal operations and/or on-site isolation by sealing and afforestation. However, these options are generally expensive and/or technically difficult to implement. Other options, which can be complementary to engineering ones, are phytomanagement techniques. Phytomanagement comprises a set of cheaper and environmentally friendly alternatives that seek to manipulate the soil-plant system (by using soil amendments and/or tolerant plants) to control the fluxes of pollutants in the environment. Within phytomanagement, phytostabilization aims to reduce pollutants mobility and (bio)availability via root uptake, precipitation or reduction to prevent their entry into the food chain as well as their migration to groundwater. Phytostabilization can take advantage of the so-called passive restoration that relies on the capability of native plants to colonize and grow spontaneously in disturbed places. This phenomenon leads to the formation of vegetated patches (fertility islands) whose soils usually show higher contents of soil organic C and N and higher microbial activity than the adjacent surrounding barren areas. This is particularly interesting when mine tailings are embedded in vegetated areas that can spread propagules and seeds to tailings. In this sense, favoring the natural recruitment of native species might help to create nucleation spots and to trigger vegetation expansion within mine tailings. Among others, this process could be favored by the addition of soil organic amendments, as biochar and urban solid refuse (USR), which immobilize metal(loid)s and improve the conditions of tailing soils. The general objective of the PhD Thesis was to deepen the knowledge of physical, physicochemical, functional and ecotoxicological aspects in soils of abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings from Mediterranean semiarid environments and their relationship with spontaneous plant colonization, and whether the addition of organic amendments contributes to improving these ecosystems by promoting the recovery of soil functionality and triggering the spontaneous colonization of vegetation. To achieve this general objective, three specific objectives were raised: 1. To evaluate in which degree soil conditions can be modified following spontaneous vegetation colonization in abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings, and to provide evidence about the interest of this colonization for the phytomanagement of these structures. 2. To assess to what degree spontaneous plant colonization of abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings led to functional soil improvement and to identify, if possible, a critical level indicating that this functionality was moving towards that of the natural vegetated soils from the surrounding areas. 3. To assess the effectiveness of an organic amendment composed of biochar from pruning trees and compost from USR to ameliorate the conditions of barren metal(loid) acidic mine tailings soils and if these effects persist seasonally over a year, and whether the organic amendment favors spontaneous plant colonization. The selected study area was the former metal mining district of Cartagena‐La Unión (≈50 km2; Murcia Region, SE Spain), which ended its activity in 1991. The area presents a Mediterranean semiarid climate (mean annual precipitation ≈200-300 mm, mean annual temperature ≈17 °C, and mean annual evapotranspiration rate ≈850 mm) and the natural vegetation is mainly constituted by xerophytic shrubs and small formations of pine trees (Pinus halepensis). The principal metals extracted were Fe, Pb and Zn, obtained from minerals such as carbonates, sulfides, and sulfates. At present, 89 mine tailings remain in the area, most of them abandoned without any type of intervention. Specifically, the study was conducted in two mine tailings ≈2000 m apart built by mid-60’s to store wastes from mines exploiting galena ore, and in the surrounding forest areas. Both tailings (similar altitude, ≈170-200 m a.s.l., and embedded in small valleys NW to SE facing) were abandoned ≈40 years ago and have been partially colonized by native vegetation in a patchy structure with covers between ≈20% and ≈50%. One environment devoid of vegetation and five different types of vegetated environments inside and outside of the mine tailings were selected in April-May 2017. The environments studied were (four plots of 2 m x 2 m per environment): A) Four inside the mine tailings. 1. Bare soils (B); 2. Patches with small groups of P. halepensis trees ≈2.5-5 m high growing scattered (P); 3. Patches formed by isolated P. halepensis trees >≈4-5 m high growing scattered with shrubs and herbs under the canopy (P+S); 4. Dense patches including several P. halepensis trees >≈4-5 m high and shrubs and herbs under the canopy (DP+S). B) Two outside the mine tailings. 5. Forest located next to the mine tailings with P. halepensis trees >≈5 m high and shrubs and herbs under the canopy (FN); 6. Forest located away from the mine tailings (≈1600-1800 m) with P. halepensis trees >≈5 m high and shrubs and herbs under the canopy (FA). In addition, in bare soils, four additional plots were established for a soil amendment addition experiment (AB). The following three chapters include the results of the PhD Thesis: Chapter 5. This chapter includes the work planned to respond to the first specific objective, based on the field work campaign carried out in summer 2017. A set of soil indicators (physical, physicochemical and biological) were evaluated under field and laboratory conditions in B, P, P+S, DP+S, FN and FA environments. The results provide evidence about the interest of spontaneous colonization by native vegetation for the phytomanagement of abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings in terms of providing ecosystem functions. Pioneer and nurse plant species (which are facilitation plants that favor succession phenomena) were mainly found inside the tailings, although vegetation ecological indexes in P+S and DP+S were similar to FN and FA. Pedogenesis evidence such as structure development and increase in cation exchange capacity, organic C and N were found in tailing soils from B to DP+S. However, soil metal(loid)s did not follow the same variation pattern. For example (in mg kg-1): P showed the maximum total Cu (≈277) and Zn (≈17,860), while P+S of As (≈1250) and Pb (≈14,570). B had the maximum water soluble Pb (≈4) and Zn (≈207), while FA of As (≈0.192) and Cu (≈0.149). Soil microbial biomass C, enzyme activity, CO2 emission, organic matter decomposition and feeding activity of soil dwelling organisms indicated similar, or even higher, biological activity in P+S and DP+S than in FN and FA. In fact, FA showed the highest soil ecotoxicity risk (reduced reproduction of the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus). Therefore, mine tailing soils can be effectively modified following spontaneous vegetation colonization, achieving conditions with capacity to provide certain ecosystem functions. The results of this work were published in the following scientific paper: Álvarez-Rogel, J., Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Jiménez-Cárceles, F.J., Tercero, M.C., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. Evidence supporting the value of spontaneous vegetation for phytomanagement of soil ecosystem functions in abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings. Catena 201, 105191; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105191. Chapter 6. This chapter includes the work planned to respond to the second specific objective, based on the field work campaign carried out in spring 2018. Vegetation ecological indexes, plant life forms and species functional roles, together with physicochemical and functional soils parameters, were studied in B, P, P+S, DP+S, FN and FA environments. Vegetated patches showed only small differences in physicochemical parameters related to soil abiotic stress conditions (pH, salinity and metals), regardless of the vegetation. However, vegetated patches with greater species diversity and richness and presence of plants with contrasted life forms and functional traits that facilitate the growth of less stress-tolerant species showed an increase of soil microbial functionality (higher microbial biomass C, β-glucosidase activity, bacterial metabolic activity, and functional diversity). Moreover, these vegetated patches showed a functional soil status comparable to that of the forests outside the mine tailings. The results of this work were published in the following scientific paper: Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Álvarez-Rogel, J., Peixoto, S., Silva, I., Silva, A.R.R., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. The relationships between functional and physicochemical soil parameters in metal(loid) mine tailings from Mediterranean semiarid areas support the value of spontaneous vegetation colonization for phytomanagement. Ecological Engineering 168: 106293; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106293. Chapter 7. This chapter includes the work planned to respond to the third specific objective. In April 2017, an organic amendment consisting of a 3:1 mixture of biochar and composted USR was applied (3% d.w. dose) to acidic barren areas of one of the mine tailings (pH ≈5.5). Total metal(loid) concentrations in the amended soils were (in mg kg-1): As ≈220, Cd ≈40, Mn ≈1800, Pb ≈5300, and Zn ≈8600. Two months after amendment addition were enough to observe improvements in chemical and physicochemical tailing soil properties (reduced acidity, salinity and water soluble metals and increased organic C and nutrients content), which resulted in lowered ecotoxicity for the soil invertebrate E. crypticus. Recalcitrant organic C provided by biochar remained in soil whereas labile organic compounds provided by USR were consumed over time. These improvements were consistent for at least one year and led to lower bulk density, higher water retention capacity and higher scores for microbial/functional-related parameters (microbial biomass C, microbial catabolic activity, and CO2 emission) in the amended tailing soil. Spontaneous growth of native vegetation was favored with amendment addition, but adult plants of remarkable size were only found after three years. The results of this work were published in the following scientific paper: Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Álvarez-Rogel, J., Conesa, H.M., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. Biochar and urban solid refuse ameliorate the inhospitality of acidic mine tailings and foster effective spontaneous plant colonization under semiarid climate. Journal of Environmental Management 292: 112824; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112824. The general conclusions of the PhD Thesis are three: 1) Spontaneous vegetation colonization of abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings from Mediterranean semiarid areas induces improvement of physical, physicochemical, functional and ecotoxicological soil conditions regardless of total metal(loid) levels. 2) Plant species richness and diversity with contrasting life forms and functional traits seem to be key factors for achieving effective functional soil improvement in spontaneously vegetated mine tailings patches. 3) The combination of biochar from pruning trees and composted URS is, in general, a suitable amendment to improve barren acidic mine tailing soils, by promoting their functional recovery and triggering spontaneous vegetation colonization. Esta Tesis se ha realizado bajo la financiación del siguiente proyecto: “Funcionalidad y resiliencia de suelos frente al cambio climático en ambientes mediterráneos contaminados por residuos mineros: aspectos ecotoxicológicos y uso de biochar para la remediación”, cofinanciado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (proyecto RESCLICONT - CGL2016-80981-R) – Fondos FEDER. Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Programa de Doctorado en Técnicas Avanzadas en Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (TAIDA)

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Digital ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.31428/10317...
    Thesis . 2021
    License: cc-by-nc-nd
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Digital ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.31428/10317...
      Thesis . 2021
      License: cc-by-nc-nd
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Since the beginning of the 20th century, Remote Sensing has been recognized by the scientific community that can significantly contribute to the archaeological research. In particular, the launch of the first multispectral and hyperspectral satellites along with high resolution satellite sensors have demonstrated that remote sensing archaeology can provide valuable information to archaeological exploration. This thesis aims to study subsurface archaeological remains over vegetated areas using both ground and satellite remote sensing data. For the purposes of this investigation, several measurements have been carried out at all stages of plant growth, in controlled fields. These fields have been created for the purposes of this study. Moreover the study was expanded in various archaeological sites in Europe (Cyprus, Greece, and Hungary). The study was based on several reflectance’s measurements over vegetation using ground spectroradiometers in conjunction with multispectral and hyperspectral satellites (Landsat TM / ETM +, Hyperion, Chris Proba, GeoEye-1, etc.). The study has significantly contributed to the recognition of differences in vegetation development using a new vegetation index. Furthermore the study was able to identify the time window in which such difference is maximized. Furthermore, this thesis introduces and implements for the first time the "Experimental Remote Sensing Archaeology". The thesis concludes with the development of a proposed methodology that can be used in cases where the spatial resolution is not sufficient to support an interpretation of an image. The proposed methodology is based on the results of this study and can be applied using auxiliary data found in the image itself. Η επισκόπηση μιας περιοχής, ήδη από τις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα, αναγνωρίστηκε από την επιστημονική κοινότητα ότι μπορεί να συμβάλλει σημαντικά στην αρχαιολογική έρευνα. Ιδιαίτερα δε, η εκτόξευση των πρώτων πολυφασματικών και υπερφασματικών δορυφόρων αλλά και των δορυφόρων υψηλής ευκρίνειας, δείχνουν ότι η αρχαιοτηλεπισκόπηση μπορεί να δώσει πολύτιμα στοιχεία στην αρχαιολογική εξερεύνηση. Η παρούσα διατριβή αποσκοπεί στη μελέτη υπεδάφιων αρχαιολογικών καταλοίπων, σε εκτάσεις που καλύπτονται με βλάστηση, με την υποστήριξη επίγειων και δορυφορικών τηλεπισκοπικών δεδομένων. Για τους σκοπούς της έρευνας πραγματοποιήθηκαν επίγειες μετρήσεις σε ελεγχόμενα πεδία, τα οποία δημιουργήθηκαν στο πλαίσιο της διατριβής, σε όλο το φαινολογικό κύκλο ανάπτυξης των φυτών. Παράλληλα έγινε μελέτη σε διάφορους αρχαιολογικούς χώρους στην Ευρώπη (Κύπρος, Ελλάδα, Ουγγαρία). Η έρευνα στηρίχθηκε σε μετρήσεις ανακλαστικότητας της βλάστησης με τη βοήθεια επίγειων φασματοραδιομέτρων αλλά και σε διάφορους πολυφασματικούς και υπερφασματικούς δορυφόρους (Landsat TM / ETM+, Hyperion, Chris Proba, GeoEye-1 κ.τ.λ.). Η μελέτη έρχεται να συμβάλλει σημαντικά ως προς την αναγνώριση διαφοροποιήσεων της βλάστησης με την ανάπτυξη ενός νέου δείκτη βλάστησης ενώ ταυτόχρονα κατόρθωσε να προσδιορίσει τα χρονικά όρια στα οποία αυτές οι διαφοροποιήσεις μεγιστοποιούνται. Επιπλέον η παρούσα διατριβή εισάγει και υλοποιεί για πρώτη φορά την έννοια της «Πειραματικής Αρχαιοτηλεπισκόπησης». Η διατριβή ολοκληρώνεται με την ανάπτυξη μιας προτεινόμενης μεθοδολογίας η οποία δύναται να χρησιμοποιηθεί σε περιπτώσεις όπου η χωρική ανάλυση δεν είναι επαρκής για να στηρίξει την φωτοερμηνευτική διαδικασία. Η προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία στηρίζεται στο σύνολο της μελέτης που έγινε στο πλαίσιο της διατριβής και μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί με πληροφορίες που βρίσκονται στην ίδια την εικόνα. Διόφαντος Γλ. Χατζημιτσής (Επιβλέπων) Ανδρέας Γεωργόπουλος (Μέλος Επιτροπής) Απόστολος Σαρρής (Μέλος Επιτροπής) Μαρία Δ. Τσακίρη (Εξωτερικό Μέλος) Ανδρέας Ανδρέου (Εξωτερικό Μέλος Πρόεδρος Επιτροπής) Completed

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ktisis
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Ktisis
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Ktisis
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: Ktisis
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Porteous, Cian;

    Botnets pose a significant and growing risk to modern networks. Detection of botnets remains an important area of open research in order to prevent the proliferation of botnets and to mitigate the damage that can be caused by botnets that have already been established. Botnet detection can be broadly categorised into two main categories: signature-based detection and anomaly-based detection. This paper sets out to measure the accuracy, false-positive rate, and false-negative rate of four algorithms that are available in Weka for anomaly-based detection of a dataset of HTTP and IRC botnet data. The algorithms that were selected to detect botnets in the Weka environment are J48, naïve Bayes, random forest, and UltraBoost. The dataset was generated using a realistic network environment by The University of New South Wales, Canberra. The findings showed that botnet behaviours from the selected dataset could be detected by Weka with a high degree of accuracy and low false-positive rate. With all features included, the random forest algorithm was found to achieve the highest accuracy with 96.70%, and the algorithm that attained the lowest false-positive rates was also random forest with 0.008. With a reduced feature set of IP addresses and ports, the random forest algorithm attained the highest accuracy and precision and lowest false-positive rate. With only information regarding packets per second being sent and received, J48 was this time the most accurate with its predictions and attained the highest precision.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Arrow@TU Dublinarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Arrow@TU Dublin
    Doctoral thesis . 2022
    Data sources: Arrow@TU Dublin
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Arrow@TU Dublinarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Arrow@TU Dublin
      Doctoral thesis . 2022
      Data sources: Arrow@TU Dublin
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: González Teruel, Juan Domingo;

    [SPA] Esta tesis doctoral se presenta bajo la modalidad de compendio de publicaciones. El agua es una sustancia clave para el desarrollo de la vida en La Tierra. Es por ello que la búsqueda de oportunidad de vida en otros planetas y satélites se basa en la presencia de agua en los mismos. La gestión ecológica del agua es necesaria para la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas. Uno de los ecosistemas más amplios y donde el agua juega un papel más importante es el suelo, que alberga multitud de variedades de microorganismos cuya actividad, en parte resultante en la generación de nutrientes para el desarrollo de las especies vegetales, es totalmente dependiente del contenido de agua en el suelo. En zonas áridas y semiáridas, como es el caso de la cuenca Mediterránea, la escasez de agua supone un grave problema a la hora de gestionar los pocos recursos hídricos disponibles. En este caso, donde las condiciones geográficas son idóneas para el desarrollo de la agricultura, las soluciones pasan por una optimización de las técnicas de riego y un mayor control sobre los recursos hídricos. En este sentido, las técnicas de riego deficitario controlado se han mostrado exitosas en la reducción de la dotación hídrica a los cultivos en fases no críticas. Sin embargo, para realizar una aplicación prudente y eficiente de las mismas, resulta necesario monitorizar el estado hídrico de los cultivos, con el objetivo de que éstos no alcancen situaciones de estrés irreversible en términos de producción o estado vegetativo. Los indicadores que mayor información aportan sobre el estado hídrico de la planta suelen estar relacionados con variables medibles a partir de la propia planta, pero que son difícilmente automatizables debido a las operaciones de manejo asociadas. Este es el caso del potencial hídrico de tallo a mediodía medido con cámara de presión, considerado hasta la fecha como el indicador más fiable del estado hídrico de los cultivos en general. Es por ello que, para lograr una monitorización continua de esta variable, se busquen otras variables del continuo suelo-planta-atmósfera que puedan estar relacionadas y a partir de las cuales obtener una estimación indirecta. El suelo es la matriz de donde la planta adquiere la mayor parte del agua y los nutrientes que necesita para realizar la fotosíntesis. La relación entre el estado hídrico del suelo y el estado hídrico de los cultivos está más que demostrada. Sin embargo, la precisión alcanzada en los modelos de correlación entre ambos estados requiere de una mejora considerable para hacer un uso realmente fiable de los mismos, y esta mejora no solo pasa por encontrar mejores métodos de correlación, sino también por mejorar la precisión de las medidas obtenidas del suelo. Para monitorizar el estado hídrico del suelo, existen diversas metodologías que ofrecen parámetros medibles como el contenido de agua. El método de medida más extendido para monitorizar el contenido de agua en el suelo es a través del uso de sensores dieléctricos. Sin embargo, la precisión de los mismos está sujeta a diversos factores, entre ellos las características propias del suelo donde se instalan y su coste, relativamente alto para el pequeño y mediano agricultor, condicionando una implantación extensiva de la Agricultura de Precisión y limitando a veces la aplicación de algunos desarrollos únicamente a trabajos de investigación. Esta tesis, elaborada bajo la modalidad de compendio de publicaciones, aborda a través de cuatro artículos científicos la propuesta de soluciones accesibles para la medida del estado hídrico del suelo, con especial enfoque en el contenido de agua; explora las limitaciones y retos asociados con la calibración de los sensores dieléctricos de suelo; participa en la generación de nuevos conocimientos y propuestas para un mejor entendimiento del comportamiento del agua en el suelo y de su interacción con las ondas electromagnéticas; y establece nuevos enfoques y modelos que mejoran la predicción del estado hídrico de los cultivos a partir de medidas indirectas y automatizables en suelo y atmósfera. [ENG] This doctoral dissertation has been presented in the form of thesis by publication. Water is a fundamental substance for the development of life on Earth. That is why the search for life on other planets and satellites is based on the presence of water on them. Ecological water management is necessary for the sustainability of ecosystems. One of the most extensive ecosystems where water plays a major role is soil, which hosts a large variety of micro-organisms whose activity, partly resulting in the generation of nutrients for the development of plant species, is totally dependent on the water content of the soil. In arid and semi-arid regions, as it is the case in the Mediterranean basin, water scarcity is a serious problem when it comes to managing the few water resources available. In this case, where the geographical conditions are ideal for the development of agriculture, the solutions involve optimization of irrigation techniques and greater control over water resources. In this sense, regulated deficit irrigation strategies have proven to be successful in reducing the water supply to crops in non-critical periods. However, in order to apply them prudently and efficiently, it is necessary to monitor the water status of the crops, so that they do not reach irreversible stress situations in terms of yield or vegetative state. The indicators that provide the highest amount of information on the water status of the plant are usually related to variables that can be measured from the plant itself, but which are difficult to automate due to the labor and time-consuming associated operations. This is the case of the midday stem water potential measured with a pressure chamber, considered to date to be the most reliable indicator of the crop's water status in general. In order to achieve a continuous monitoring of this variable, it is necessary to look for other variables of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum that may be related and from which to obtain an indirect estimate. Soil is the matrix from which the plant acquires most of the water and nutrients it needs for photosynthesis. The relationship between soil water status and crop water status is well established. However, the accuracy achieved in the correlation models between the two requires considerable improvement to make a truly reliable use of them, and this improvement is not only to find better correlation methods, but also to improve the accuracy of the measurements obtained from the soil. To monitor soil water status, there are several methodologies that provide measurable parameters such as water content. The most widespread measurement method for monitoring soil water content is through the use of dielectric sensors. However, the accuracy of these sensors is subject to various factors, including the characteristics of the soil where they are installed, and their relatively high cost for small and medium-sized farmers, conditioning the extensive implementation of precision agriculture and sometimes limiting the application of some developments only to research work. This thesis, elaborated under the modality of a compendium of publications, addresses through four scientific articles the proposal of affordable solutions for the measurement of soil water status, with special focus on water content; it explores the limitations and challenges associated with the calibration of soil dielectric sensors; participates in the generation of new insights and proposals for a better understanding of the behavior of water in soil and its interaction with electromagnetic waves; and establishes new approaches and models that improve the prediction of crop water status from indirect and automatable measurements in soil and atmosphere. Esta tesis doctoral se presenta bajo la modalidad de compendio de publicaciones. Está formada por un total de cuatro artículos: Article I. González-Teruel, J.D., Torres-Sánchez, R., Blaya-Ros, P.J., Toledo-Moreo, A.B., Jiménez-Buendía, M., Soto-Valles, F., 2019. Design and Calibration of a Low-Cost SDI-12 Soil Moisture Sensor. Sensors, 19, 491. DOI: 10.3390/s19030491 - Article II. González-Teruel, J.D., Jones, S.B., Soto-Valles, F., Torres-Sánchez, R., Lebron, I., Friedman, S.P., Robinson, D.A., 2020. Dielectric Spectroscopy and Application of Mixing Models Describing Dielectric Dispersion in Clay Minerals and Clayey Soils. Sensors, 20, 6678. DOI: 10.3390/s20226678 Article III. González-Teruel, J.D., Jones, S.B., Robinson, D.A., Giménez-Gallego, J., Zornoza, R., Torres-Sánchez, R., 2022. Measurement of the broadband complex permittivity of soils in the frequency domain with a low-cost Vector Network Analyzer and an Open-Ended coaxial probe. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 195, 106847. DOI: 10.1016/J.COMPAG.2022.106847 Article IV. González-Teruel, J.D., Ruiz-Abellon, M.C., Blanco, V., Blaya-Ros, P.J., Domingo, R., Torres-Sánchez, R., 2022. Prediction of Water Stress Episodes in Fruit Trees Based on Soil and Weather Time Series Data. Agronomy, 12, 1422. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12061422 Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Programa de Doctorado en Tecnologías Industriales

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Digital ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Digital ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Papoutsa, Christiana;

    Maintaining water quality in inland and coastal water bodies in good condition is of the highest priority tasks in the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive, and a key component in water resources management. This is of great importance for Cyprus, too, since a large number of reservoir water bodies have been developed to address drought, thus calling for systematic monitoring of water quality. Conventional methods for assessing water quality rely on sampling campaigns which are costly and time consuming. Aiming to fill the gap of the conventional field methods this PhD thesis is focused on providing novel methods for monitoring large surface Case-2 (inland and coastal) water bodies in the Mediterranean region using satellite images which can provide data on a systematic basis and offer synoptic coverage. To reach this goal, ground truth data measurements (spectroradiometric, turbidity and Secchi Disk Depth) were conducted simultaneously to satellite overpasses. Afterwards, statistical analysis and modelling techniques were employed to analyse and correlate the available data. The first goal is to identify a suitable spectral region from which turbidity can be retrieved based on the field spectroradiometric measurements obtained during an extensive 3-years field campaign over Asprokremmos Reservoir, the main study area. Secondly, the aim is to provide the suitable bands for monitoring turbidity using different satellite sensors such as Landsat, Envisat MERIS and Chris-Proba. To test the derived algorithm eight available Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ satellite images which were acquired at the same time as the field campaigns were processed; and the correlation between the satellite-derived data to the ground-based measurements was found statistically significant. The third objective is to develop an algorithm which can be used for estimating the Trophic State Index over large surface Case-2 water bodies in the Mediterranean region on a systematic basis using remotely sensed data. All the data acquired during the field campaigns over different water bodies inland and coastal were xv processed in order to examine and retrieve the ‘best-fit’ algorithm. This algorithm is of great importance since it can be applied for a wide range of water bodies with different trophic state values based on the band ratio values of the available Landsat satellite data. As a fourth objective the diffuse attenuation coefficient for Asprokremmos Reservoir was calculated and used in order to study its optical properties. Diffuse attenuation coefficient over the Reservoir was calculated for different bandwidths. The objective was to identify the optimal bandwidth which shows the best correlation with the TSI and SDD readings. For the calculation of the Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient values, field spectroradiometric data collected at different water depths below the water surface during the field campaigns in Asprokremmos were used. Finally, this thesis provides a reference spectral library covering a wide range of Case-2 water bodies including oligotrophic and eutrophic inland water bodies, a shallow salt-lake and several coastal areas. This can assist the characterization of any water body based on its spectral characteristics being retrieved from the available satellite data. All the above applications can become a very valuable tool for water quality monitoring of large reservoirs in Cyprus. This tool can be used on a systematic basis by the stakeholders, such as the Cyprus Water Development Department in the near future. All the field data can be further used to develop new algorithms based on the spectral resolution of any other satellite providing the opportunity to select satellites with different temporal and spatial resolution depending on the purpose of the application and the availability of satellite images. Athanasios Loukas, Phaedon C. Kyriakidis, Completed

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ktisis
    Doctoral thesis . 2015
    Data sources: Ktisis
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Ktisis
      Doctoral thesis . 2015
      Data sources: Ktisis
  • Authors: Mebrek, Adila;

    Fog computing is a promising approach in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) as it provides functionality and resources at the edge of the network, closer to end users. This thesis studies the performance of fog computing in the context of latency sensitive IoT applications. The first issue addressed is the mathematical modeling of an IoT-fogcloud system, and the performance metrics of the system in terms of energy consumed and latency. This modeling will then allow us to propose various effective strategies for content distribution and resource allocation in the fog and the cloud. The second issue addressed in this thesis concerns the distribution of content and object data in fog / cloud systems. In order to simultaneously optimize offloading and system resource allocation decisions, we distinguish between two types of IoT applications: (1) IoT applications with static content or with infrequent updates; and (2) IoT applications with dynamic content. For each type of application, we study the problem of offloading IoT requests in the fog. We focus on load balancing issues to minimize latency and the total power consumed by the system.; Le Fog Computing constitue une approche prometteuse dans le contexte de l’Internet des Objets (IoT) car il fournit des fonctionnalités et des ressources à l’extrémité du réseau, plus près des utilisateurs finaux. Cette thèse étudie les performances du Fog Computing dans le cadre des applications IoT sensibles à la latence. La première problématique traitée concerne la modélisation mathématique d’un système IoT-fog-cloud, ainsi que les métriques de performances du système en termes d’énergie consommée et de latence. Cette modélisation nous permettra par la suite de proposer diverses stratégies efficaces de distribution de contenu et d’allocation des ressources dans le fog et le cloud. La deuxième problématique abordée dans cette thèse concerne la distribution de contenu et de données des objets dans des systèmes fog/cloud. Afin d’optimiser simultanément les décisions d’offloading et d’allocation des ressources du système, nous distinguons entre deux types d’applications IoT : (1) applications IoT à contenu statique ou avec des mises à jour peu fréquentes ; et (2) applications IoT à contenu dynamique. Pour chaque type d’application, nous étudions le problème d’offloading de requêtes IoT dans le fog. Nous nous concentrons sur les problèmes d'équilibrage de charge afin de minimiser la latence et l’énergie totale consommée par le système.

    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
search
The following results are related to Rural Digital Europe. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
30 Research products
  • Authors: Benblidia, Mohammed Anis;

    This thesis considers the energy efficiency of information and communication infrastructures in a smart grid - cloud system. It especially deals with communication networks and cloud data centers due to their high energy consumption, which confers them an important role in the network. The contributions of this thesis are implemented on the same framework integrating the smart grid, microgrid, cloud, data centers and users. Indeed, we have studied the interaction between the cloud data centers and the smart grid provider and we have proposed energy efficient power allocation solutions and an energy cost minimization scheme using two architectures: a smart grid-cloud architecture and a microgrid-cloud architecture. In addition, we paid close attention to execute user requests while ensuring a good quality of service in a fog-cloud architecture. In comparison with state-of-the-art works, the results of our contributions have shown that they respond to the identified challenges, particularly in terms of reducing carbon emissions and energy costs of cloud data centers.; Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l’efficacité énergétique des infrastructures informatiques dans un système smart grid – cloud. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement aux réseaux de communication et aux data centers du cloud. Nous nous focalisons sur ces derniers à cause de leur grande consommation d’énergie et du rôle vital qu’ils jouent dans un monde connecté en pleine expansion, les positionnant, ainsi, comme des éléments importants dans un système smart grid - cloud. De ce fait, les travaux de cette thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’un seul framework intégrant le smart grid, le microgrid, le cloud, les data centers et les utilisateurs. Nous avons, en effet, étudié l’interaction entre les data centers du cloud et le fournisseur d’énergie du smart grid et nous avons proposé des solutions d’allocation d’énergie et de minimisation du coût d’énergie en utilisant deux architectures : (1) une architecture smart grid-cloud et (2) une architecture microgrid-cloud. Par ailleurs, nous avons porté une attention particulière à l’exécution des requêtes des utilisateurs tout en leur garantissant un niveau de qualité de service satisfaisant dans une architecture fog -cloud. En comparaison avec les travaux de l’état de l’art, les résultats de nos contributions ont montré qu’ils répondent aux enjeux identifiés, notamment en réduisant les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et le coût d’énergie des data centers.

    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Juan López Coronado; Javier Molina Vilaplana;

    [SPA] En esta Tesis Doctoral se proponen y desarrollan nuevos modelos neuronales de inspiración biológica para el control y aprendizaje de tareas de agarre por parte de dispositivos robóticos antropomorfos. En la primera parte de la Tesis se lleva a cabo una revisión exhausta de los aspectos más relevantes del comportamiento humano y animal durante movimientos de agarre de objetos en la que se resaltan las características invariantes de dicho movimiento, establecidas a través de numerosos experimentos psicofísicos con humanos y primates. A continuación se realiza un repaso al estado actual del conocimiento relativo a la neurobiología que subyace a los comportamientos motrices descritos anteriormente. Con esta base, la Tesis presenta un modelo para la organización del movimiento de agarre que mimetiza las interacciones entre distintas áreas del córtex y los ganglios basales durante la planificación y ejecución del movimiento de agarre en condiciones normales y en condiciones de déficit motor parkinsoniano. El modelo genera trayectorias realistas de agarre a través de la computación y actualización continúa de las señales que codifican la diferencia entre los programas motores que se establecen para la realización de la tarea, y el estado actual de los efectores finales del movimiento involucrados en la ejecución de dicha tarea. Las principales hipótesis del modelo son: (1) el control del transporte de la mano y de la apertura de los dedos se lleva a cabo a través de la acción de señales de paso talámicas cuya modulación corre a cargo de los circuitos neuronales de los ganglios basales. Dichas señales permiten la ejecución coordinada de los distintos subobjetivos que componen una tarea de agarre. (2) La disrupción del programa motriz detectado en la enfermedad de Parkinson, se debe a la modificación en la funcionalidad de la red de interneuronas colinérgicas del estriado ante una deflexión de dopamina estriatal. En estas condiciones, dicha red de interneuronas pierde la habilidad para mantener segregada la información procesada en bucles cortico ganglio basles paralelos y como consecuencia se producen acoplamientos entre distintos canales cortico subcorticales que afectan a los patrones cinemáticos prototípicos del movimiento de agarre. (3) La aplicación de este modelo a un sistema en el que los efectores finales de los movimientos son antropomorficamente realistas, implica el desarrollo, a partir de los resultados de experiencias psicofísicas expresamente diseñadas en esta Tesis Doctoral, de un esquema de control biológicamente plausible para la reducción de la dimensionalidad en el problema de la coordinación del gesto de la mano, durante el movimiento de agarre. Este esquema de control es lo que se define en la Tesis como Biblioteca de Gestos.(4) El aprendizaje que permite el establecimiento de los programas motores tras la percepción del objeto se lleva a cabo a través de una novedosa arquitectura neuronal multi red inspirada en la conectividad cortical entre áreas del córtex parietal posterior y córtex promotor que, tras una serie de etapas de aprendizaje, es capaz de generar movimientos de agarre correctos para un conjunto brazo mano robot antropomorfo cuando a éste sistema se le presentan objetos de distinta forma y tamaño, independientemente de su localización u orientación en el espacio. La Tesis presenta numerosos resultados referentes a la simulación de los modelos en distintas situaciones así como resultados relativos a la implantación de dichos modelos sobre una plataforma robótica antropomorfa orientada al agarre de objetos. Dichos resultados sustentan las hipótesis teóricas que fundamentan esta investigación y por otra parte muestran las capacidades de los modelos desarrollados para actuar como controladores de alto nivel en el guiado de tareas de agarre manipuladores robóticos humanoides. [ENG] Robotics has become into a traditional field in which research is made by engineers and scientist from different science disciplines such as mathematics, physics, medicine, neurosciences etc. It is evident that in the last years , robotics has evolve to be a multidisciplinary area getting closer and closer to everyday life of human beings such as in the cases of robotics applied to rehabilitation or surgery. It also has been established the use of robotics as a tool for the study of the Man and other biological systems or even to construct artificial anthropomorphic components such as, arms, sensors or cognitive – behavioural schemas able to substitute their biological counterparts in some situations. In the last years, it has been established within the robotics community, the idea about that the understanding of the nervous system of humans and monkeys has also a potential industrial or productive interest. The artificial intelligence industrial devices are more and more inspired in Biology. The brain operates in way very different to the way an actual robot actually operates. The mechanisms for information processing are vastly more complex and subtle in brain neural circuits than in the electronic circuits of the actual robots. The interactions within groups of neurons modify the properties of neural firing of these neurons in their interaction with sensory signals from the external world. An elemental learning such as avoiding behaviours with negative consequences, imply millions of neuronal events, including the reconfiguration and establishment of new neuronal connections. This is what is called ‘adaptability to environment’ of the biological systems. Neuro – Robotics constitutes an emergent and new field which represents, in its objectives, a huge challenge for science ad technology: the transference of fundamental principles of the neurobiology that drives the human behaviour to the diversity of disciplines of the engineering that constitute the Robotics (signal processing, robust and adaptive control, non linear systems, pattern recognition, mechatronics, etc…). If Robotics always has been a multidisciplinary field basically at the technological level, the need to push this field into major advances, requires a stronger interaction between the roboticians and scientist from another fields such as neurosciences, physiology or psychology. The ideas exposed above are the general reference frame in which the work of this PhD Thesis is developed. Concretely, it could be said that, major objectives of this PhD coincide with major objectives of two basic research projects funded by European Commission: BRITE-SYNERAGH (Systems neuroscience and engineering research for anthropomorphic grasping and handling, 1998-2001, BRE-2-CT980797) project and IST/FET-PALOMA (Progressive and adaptive learning for object manipulation: a biologically inspired multi-network architecture, 2001-2004, IST-2001-33073) project. The author of this PhD Thesis is ascribed to NeuroTechnology, Control and Robotics research group of the Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. This research group and the author of this Thesis, have been intensively involved in the development of the two mentioned European projects. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Programa de doctorado en Tecnologías Industriales. Subprograma Neurotecnología, Control y Robótica

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://repositorio.upct.es/bi...
    Thesis
    License: cc-by-nc-nd
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://repositorio.upct.es/bi...
      Thesis
      License: cc-by-nc-nd
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Themistocleous, Kyriacos;

    Atmospheric correction is an important pre-processing step required in many satellite remote sensing applications. Although there are several available atmospheric correction algorithms, there is limited literature available that examines their effectiveness using in-situ measurements from spectroradiometers and sun-photometers to retrieve reflectance and atmospheric properties. The aims of this thesis are to improve the Empirical Line Method of atmospheric correction, apply the improved Empirical Line Method and the Darkest Pixel method to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness (AOT), and to conduct an accuracy assessement of the results using in-situ measurements from spectroradiometers and sun-photometers. Five commonly located surface materials (gray asphalt, black asphalt, concrete, black sand and compacted sand) were identified as meeting the criteria for pseudo-invariant targets and their spectral signatures were measured from January 2010 to May 2011, in order to assess that their reflectance values did not change over time. The empirical line method was improved by using several pseudo-invariant targets of varying spectral characteristics. The Darkest Pixel method utilized the actual reflectance values of the darkest pixel in the selected area of interest. Eleven satellite images were atmospherically corrected using the improved empirical line method and the darkest pixel method with the actual reflectance values. The study found a strong agreement between the AOT values derived from the algorithm developed in this thesis and the in-situ AOT measurements from the sun photometers. A GIS analysis was conducted using the algorithm developed in this to produce thematic maps to identify AOT distribution in the greater area of Limassol. The proposed AOT retrieval algorithm is a fully image based method that explicits global applicability. The innovation of this thesis is the retrieval of AOT by developing an image-based algorithm based on the radiative transfer equation to derive AOT using the reflectance values from the empirical line and darkest pixel method of atmpspheric correction. Novel contributions to this thesis include the employment of pseudo-invariant targets for conducting accuracy assessment of both atmospheric correction methods, the improvement of the empirical line method using five pseudo-invariant targets of varying spectral characteristics and assessing the effects of wet and dry conditions on the pseudo-invariant targets. It is the first time that a GIS analysis has been conducted to automatically retrieve AOT using the radiative transfer equations. The integrated use of field spectroscopy, GIS and remote sensing for atmospheric correction of satellite imagery and AOT retrieval is an innovative contribution to the field of remote sensing. Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis (Research Supervisor) Nikolaos Soulakellis (Committee Memeber-Chairperson) Adrianos Retalis (Committee Memeber-Advisor) Nektarios Chrysoulakis (Committee Memeber-Advisor) Evangelos Akylas (Committee Member) A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Completed

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ktisis
    Doctoral thesis . 2011
    Data sources: Ktisis
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Ktisis
      Doctoral thesis . 2011
      Data sources: Ktisis
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zitzmann, Cathel;

    La nécessité de communiquer de façon sécurisée n’est pas chose nouvelle : depuis l’antiquité des méthodes existent afin de dissimuler une communication. La cryptographie a permis de rendre un message inintelligible en le chiffrant, la stéganographie quant à elle permet de dissimuler le fait même qu’un message est échangé. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet "Recherche d’Informations Cachées" financé par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche, l’Université de Technologie de Troyes a travaillé sur la modélisation mathématique d’une image naturelle et à la mise en place de détecteurs d’informations cachées dans les images. Ce mémoire propose d’étudier la stéganalyse dans les images naturelles du point de vue de la décision statistique paramétrique. Dans les images JPEG, un détecteur basé sur la modélisation des coefficients DCT quantifiés est proposé et les calculs des probabilités du détecteur sont établis théoriquement. De plus, une étude du nombre moyen d’effondrements apparaissant lors de l’insertion avec les algorithmes F3 et F4 est proposée. Enfin, dans le cadre des images non compressées, les tests proposés sont optimaux sous certaines contraintes, une des difficultés surmontées étant le caractère quantifié des données The need of secure communication is not something new: from ancient, methods exist to conceal communication. Cryptography helped make unintelligible message using encryption, steganography can hide the fact that a message is exchanged.This thesis is part of the project "Hidden Information Research" funded by the National Research Agency, Troyes University of Technology worked on the mathematical modeling of a natural image and creating detectors of hidden information in digital pictures.This thesis proposes to study the steganalysis in natural images in terms of parametric statistical decision. In JPEG images, a detector based on the modeling of quantized DCT coefficients is proposed and calculations of probabilities of the detector are established theoretically. In addition, a study of the number of shrinkage occurring during embedding by F3 and F4 algorithms is proposed. Finally, for the uncompressed images, the proposed tests are optimal under certain constraints, a difficulty overcome is the data quantization

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2013
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Antonio Peñalver Alcalá;

    [SPA] La minería metálica es una de las actividades más perjudiciales para el medio ambiente a nivel mundial, entre otros motivos debido a la alta cantidad de residuos potencialmente peligrosos con elevada concentración de metales y metaloides (elementos potencialmente tóxicos, PTEs) que produce. Además, las excavaciones y movimientos de tierra pueden llevar a la destrucción completa de las áreas afectadas y sus alrededores. Los depósitos de almacenamiento de residuos (grandes pilas al aire libre que almacenan residuos fangosos procedentes de lavaderos de mineral) son especialmente preocupantes, ya que presentan las mayores concentraciones de PTEs y muchas veces se abandonan in situ tras el cese de la actividad minera sin ninguna medida de restauración. Los suelos de los depósitos mineros se forman a partir de los residuos que éstos almacenan. Aparte de presentar niveles extremadamente altos de PTEs, se caracterizan generalmente por una alta salinidad, valores extremos de pH (de ácido a alcalino), baja disponibilidad de materia orgánica y nutrientes, y falta de estructura edáfica que conduce a una escasa capacidad de retención de agua y de aireación. Entre otras cosas, esto dificulta el crecimiento de la vegetación provocando que muchas veces la superficie de los depósitos permanezca desnuda, favoreciendo la propagación de PTEs a las áreas adyacentes. Las condiciones hostiles impuestas por los residuos mineros no sólo obstaculizan la colonización de las plantas sino también la biodiversidad del suelo, lo que a menudo da lugar a escasa actividad biológica en los suelos de los depósitos. Son suelos con baja capacidad para albergar organismos vivos y, por consiguiente, para desarrollar procesos biológicos. Esto provoca que la funcionalidad de los suelos de los depósitos mineros sea muy limitada, así como su capacidad para proporcionar servicios ecosistémicos. Las técnicas convencionales de remediación de depósitos mineros se basan en soluciones de ingeniería tales como operaciones de remoción y/o aislamiento in situ mediante sellado y plantación. Sin embargo, estas opciones son generalmente costosas y/o técnicamente difíciles de implementar y eso dificulta su implantación. Otras opciones, que pueden ser complementarias a las técnicas de ingeniería, son las técnicas de fitomanejo. El fitomanejo comprende un conjunto de alternativas más baratas y respetuosas con el medio ambiente que buscan manejar el sistema suelo-planta mediante el uso de enmiendas de suelo y/o la introducción de especies de plantas tolerantes a las condiciones extremas de estos ambientes, para controlar la dispersión de PTEs. Dentro del fitomanejo, la fitoestabilización tiene como objetivo reducir la movilidad de los PTEs y/o su (bio)disponibilidad a través de la absorción y/o fijación en las raíces, y/o la inmovilización en el suelo por fenómenos como la precipitación, adsorción, oxidación, reducción, para evitar su entrada en la cadena trófica, así como su migración a las aguas subterráneas. Un proceso que puede ayudar a implementar las técnicas de fitoestabilización es la denominada restauración pasiva, que se basa en la capacidad de las plantas nativas para colonizar y crecer espontáneamente en lugares perturbados. Este fenómeno conduce a la formación de parches de vegetación (llamados a veces islas de fertilidad) cuyos suelos suelen mostrar un mayor contenido de C y N orgánicos y una mayor actividad microbiana que las áreas desnudas adyacentes. Esto es particularmente interesante cuando los depósitos mineros están ubicados en mitad de áreas naturales (por ejemplo, zonas boscosas) rodeados de vegetación que puede esparcir propágulos y semillas que alcanzan con facilidad los depósitos abandonados. En este sentido, favorecer el establecimiento de especies nativas en los depósitos ayuda a crear puntos de nucleación en éstos y a desencadenar la expansión de la vegetación en su superficie. Entre otros, este proceso podría verse favorecido por la adición de enmiendas orgánicas al suelo, como biochar y residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU), que inmovilicen los metal(oid)es y mejoren las condiciones de los suelos. El objetivo general de la Tesis Doctoral fue profundizar en el conocimiento de los aspectos físicos, fisicoquímicos, funcionales y ecotoxicológicos en suelos de depósitos abandonados de minería metálica de ambientes semiáridos Mediterráneos y su relación con la colonización vegetal espontánea, y valorar si la adición de enmiendas orgánicas contribuye a mejorar estos ecosistemas al promover la recuperación de la funcionalidad del suelo y desencadenar la colonización espontánea de la vegetación. Para lograr este objetivo general, se plantearon tres objetivos específicos: 1. Evaluar en qué grado pueden modificarse las condiciones del suelo tras la colonización espontánea de la vegetación en depósitos abandonados de minería metálica, y aportar evidencias sobre el interés de esta colonización para el fitomanejo de estos depósitos. 2. Evaluar en qué medida la colonización vegetal espontánea de depósitos abandonados de minería metálica da lugar a una mejora funcional del suelo e identificar, si es posible, un nivel crítico que indique que esta funcionalidad se aproxima a la de los suelos naturales con vegetación de las áreas circundantes. 3. Evaluar la eficacia de una enmienda orgánica compuesta por biochar (procedente de podas de árboles) y compost de RSU para mejorar las condiciones de suelos ácidos sin cubierta vegetal en depósitos de residuos mineros y valorar si los efectos de dicha enmienda persisten estacionalmente durante un año y favorecen la colonización vegetal espontánea. El área de estudio seleccionada fue el antiguo distrito minero de Cartagena-La Unión (≈50 km2; Región de Murcia, SE España), cuya actividad finalizó en 1991. La zona presenta un clima semiárido Mediterráneo (precipitación media anual ≈200-300 mm, temperatura media anual ≈17 °C, y tasa media anual de evapotranspiración ≈850 mm). La vegetación natural está constituida principalmente por arbustos xerófilos mediterráneos y bosques de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis). Los principales metales extraídos en la zona fueron Fe, Pb y Zn, obtenidos de minerales como carbonatos, sulfuros y sulfatos. En la actualidad, permanecen en la zona 89 depósitos mineros abandonados, la mayoría de ellos sin ningún tipo de intervención de restauración. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos de estos depósitos, separados por una distancia de ≈2000 m y construidos a mediados de los años 60 para almacenar los residuos de las minas de galena (PbS), y en las áreas forestales circundantes. Ambos depósitos (ubicados a ≈170-200 m sobre el nivel del mar y situados en pequeños valles de orientación NW a SE) fueron abandonados hace ≈40 años y han sido parcialmente colonizados por la vegetación nativa formando parches irregulares que cubren entre ≈20% y ≈50% de las superficies. A finales de abril-inicios mayo de 2017 se seleccionaron seis ambientes diferentes para el estudio, estableciendo cuatro parcelas de muestreo de 2 m x 2 m en cada uno de ellos: A) Dentro de los depósitos mineros. 1. Suelos desnudos (B); 2. Parches con pequeños grupos de árboles de P. halepensis creciendo dispersos de ≈2,5-5 m de alto (P); 3. Parches formados por árboles aislados de P. halepensis creciendo dispersos de >≈4-5 m de alto arbustos y hierbas bajo su copa (P+S); 4. Parches densos que incluyen varios árboles de P. halepensis de >≈4-5 m de altura y arbustos y hierbas bajo su copa (DP+S). B) Fuera de los depósitos mineros. 5. Bosque situado junto a los depósitos mineros con árboles de P. halepensis de >≈5 m de altura y arbustos y hierbas bajo su copa (FN); 6. Bosque situado lejos de los depósitos mineros (≈1600-1800 m) con árboles de P. halepensis de >≈5 m de altura y arbustos y hierbas bajo su copa (FA). Además, en los suelos desnudos dentro de los depósitos se establecieron cuatro parcelas adicionales para un experimento de adición de enmiendas al suelo (AB). Los resultados de la Tesis Doctoral se presentan en tres capítulos: Capítulo 5. Incluye el trabajo planificado para responder al primer objetivo específico, basado en una campaña de trabajo de campo realizada en el verano de 2017. Se evaluaron un conjunto de indicadores del suelo (físicos, fisicoquímicos y biológicos) en condiciones de campo y laboratorio en los ambientes B, P, P+S, DP+S, FN y FA. Los resultados evidencian el interés de la colonización espontánea por parte de la vegetación nativa para el fitomanejo de depósitos de minería metálica, en términos de proporcionar funcionalidad al ecosistema. En los parches de vegetación dentro de los depósitos se encontraron especies de plantas pioneras y nodrizas (favorecedoras de la sucesión vegetal) y los índices ecológicos de vegetación en P+S y DP+S fueron similares a FN y FA. En los suelos de los parches se encontraron evidencias de pedogénesis, como el desarrollo de estructura edáfica y el aumento de la capacidad de intercambio catiónico y el C y N orgánicos, siguiendo un patrón de aumento/mejora B-P-P+S-DP+S. Sin embargo, los contenidos de metal(oid)es del suelo no siguieron el mismo patrón de variación. Por ejemplo (en mg kg-1): P mostró el valor máximo de Cu (≈277) y Zn (≈17860) totales, mientras que P+S de As (≈1250) y Pb (≈14570) totales. B tuvo el máximo de Pb (≈4) y Zn (≈207) solubles en agua, mientras que FA de As (≈0,192) y Cu (≈0,149). El C de la biomasa microbiana del suelo, la actividad enzimática, la respiración de suelo (emisión de CO2), la descomposición de la materia orgánica y la actividad alimentaria de los invertebrados edáficos indicaron una actividad biológica similar o incluso superior en P+S y DP+S que en FN y FA. De hecho, FA mostró alto riesgo de ecotoxicidad del suelo (reproducción reducida del invertebrado Enchytraeus crypticus), atribuible a las altas concentraciones de As soluble en agua. Por lo tanto, de estos resultados se deduce que la vegetación que coloniza espontáneamente los depósitos de residuos mineros puede modificar eficazmente sus suelos, que adquieren la capacidad de proporcionar ciertas funciones del ecosistema. Los resultados de este trabajo fueron publicados en el artículo científico: Álvarez-Rogel, J., Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Jiménez-Cárceles, F.J., Tercero, M.C., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. Evidence supporting the value of spontaneous vegetation for phytomanagement of soil ecosystem functions in abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings. Catena 201, 105191; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105191. Capítulo 6. Este capítulo incluye el trabajo planificado para responder al segundo objetivo específico, basado en una campaña de trabajo de campo realizada en la primavera de 2018. Se estudiaron los índices ecológicos de la vegetación, las formas de vida de las plantas y los roles funcionales de éstas, junto con parámetros fisicoquímicos y funcionales de los suelos, en los ambientes B, P, P+S, DP+S, FN y FA. Los parches de vegetación solo mostraron pequeñas diferencias en los parámetros fisicoquímicos relacionados con las condiciones de estrés abiótico del suelo (pH, salinidad y metales), independientemente de la vegetación. Sin embargo, parches de vegetación con mayor diversidad y riqueza de especies y presencia de plantas con mayor contraste de formas de vida y rasgos funcionales más diversos que facilitan el crecimiento de especies menos tolerantes al estrés, mostraron un aumento de la funcionalidad microbiana del suelo (mayor C de la biomasa microbiana, actividad β-glucosidasa, actividad metabólica bacteriana y diversidad funcional). Además, estos parches de vegetación mostraron un estado funcional del suelo comparable al de los bosques fuera de los depósitos mineros. Los resultados de este trabajo fueron publicados en el artículo científico: Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Álvarez-Rogel, J., Peixoto, S., Silva, I., Silva, A.R.R., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. The relationships between functional and physicochemical soil parameters in metal(loid) mine tailings from Mediterranean semiarid areas support the value of spontaneous vegetation colonization for phytomanagement. Ecological Engineering 168: 106293; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106293. Capítulo 7. Este capítulo incluye el trabajo planificado para responder al tercer objetivo específico. En abril de 2017 se aplicó una enmienda orgánica consistente en una mezcla de 3:1 de biochar y RSU compostado (dosis de 3% peso seco) a suelos ácidos (pH ≈5,5) sin vegetación de uno de los depósitos mineros. Las concentraciones de metal(oid)es totales en los suelos enmendados fueron (en mg kg-1): As ≈220, Cd ≈40, Mn ≈1800, Pb ≈5300 y Zn ≈8600. Dos meses después de la adición de la enmienda ya se observaron mejoras en las propiedades químicas y fisicoquímicas de los suelos (reducción de la acidez, salinidad y metales solubles en agua y aumento del contenido de C orgánico y nutrientes), que resultó en una reducción de la ecotoxicidad para el invertebrado edáfico Enchytraeus crypticus. El C orgánico recalcitrante proporcionado por el biochar permaneció en el suelo, mientras que los compuestos orgánicos lábiles proporcionados por el RSU se consumieron con el tiempo. Estas mejoras fueron consistentes durante al menos un año y condujeron a una menor densidad aparente, mayor capacidad de retención de agua y mayores niveles para los parámetros microbianos y relacionados con funcionalidad (C de la biomasa microbiana, actividad microbiana catabólica y emisión de CO2) en el suelo enmendado del depósito. El crecimiento espontáneo de la vegetación nativa se favoreció con la adición de enmiendas, pero fue necesario un periodo de tres años para que las plantas colonizadoras persistieran y alcanzaran tamaño adulto. Los resultados de este trabajo fueron publicados en el artículo científico: Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Álvarez-Rogel, J., Conesa, H.M., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. Biochar and urban solid refuse ameliorate the inhospitality of acidic mine tailings and foster effective spontaneous plant colonization under semiarid climate. Journal of Environmental Management 292: 112824; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112824. Las conclusiones generales de la Tesis Doctoral son tres: 1) La colonización vegetal espontánea de depósitos abandonados de minera metálica de zonas semiáridas Mediterráneas induce mejora de las condiciones físicas, fisicoquímicas, funcionales y ecotoxicológicas del suelo, independientemente de los niveles de meta(oid)es totales. 2) La riqueza y diversidad de especies vegetales con formas de vida diferentes y rasgos funcionales distintos parecen ser factores clave para lograr una mejora funcional efectiva del suelo en los parches de vegetación de depósitos mineros espontáneamente colonizados. 3) La combinación de biochar de podas de árboles y RSU compostado es, en general, una enmienda adecuada para mejorar los suelos ácidos de depósitos de residuos mineros, promoviendo su recuperación funcional y desencadenando la colonización espontánea de la vegetación. [ENG] Metal mining is one of the most environmentally detrimental activities worldwide, among others, due to the high load of (hazardous) wastes disposed. Mining can cause extreme impacts on the affected ecosystem(s), which can lead to multi-elemental pollution problems and, in some cases, to the complete destruction of the affected areas and their surroundings. Of particular concern are the so-called mine tailings (open-air piles that store muddy residues), which are, on many occasions, abandoned in situ after the mining activity ceases without any restoration. Mine tailings soils are formed from the mine wastes they store. Apart from extremely high metal(loid) levels, they are generally characterized by high salinity, extreme pH values (from acid to alkaline), low availability of organic matter and nutrients, and lack of physical structure that leads to reduced water retention capacity and aeration. Among others, this tends to cause lack of vegetation and that tailing surfaces remain bare, favoring the spread of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) to adjacent areas. The hostile conditions imposed by tailing wastes not only hinder plant colonization but also soil biodiversity, often leading to low-biologically active tailing soils (soils with low capacity to shelter living organisms and, consequently, to support biological processes). Thereby, the functionality of mine tailings soils is often restricted, as well as their capacity to provide ecosystem services. Conventional mine tailings remediation techniques are based on engineering solutions such as removal operations and/or on-site isolation by sealing and afforestation. However, these options are generally expensive and/or technically difficult to implement. Other options, which can be complementary to engineering ones, are phytomanagement techniques. Phytomanagement comprises a set of cheaper and environmentally friendly alternatives that seek to manipulate the soil-plant system (by using soil amendments and/or tolerant plants) to control the fluxes of pollutants in the environment. Within phytomanagement, phytostabilization aims to reduce pollutants mobility and (bio)availability via root uptake, precipitation or reduction to prevent their entry into the food chain as well as their migration to groundwater. Phytostabilization can take advantage of the so-called passive restoration that relies on the capability of native plants to colonize and grow spontaneously in disturbed places. This phenomenon leads to the formation of vegetated patches (fertility islands) whose soils usually show higher contents of soil organic C and N and higher microbial activity than the adjacent surrounding barren areas. This is particularly interesting when mine tailings are embedded in vegetated areas that can spread propagules and seeds to tailings. In this sense, favoring the natural recruitment of native species might help to create nucleation spots and to trigger vegetation expansion within mine tailings. Among others, this process could be favored by the addition of soil organic amendments, as biochar and urban solid refuse (USR), which immobilize metal(loid)s and improve the conditions of tailing soils. The general objective of the PhD Thesis was to deepen the knowledge of physical, physicochemical, functional and ecotoxicological aspects in soils of abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings from Mediterranean semiarid environments and their relationship with spontaneous plant colonization, and whether the addition of organic amendments contributes to improving these ecosystems by promoting the recovery of soil functionality and triggering the spontaneous colonization of vegetation. To achieve this general objective, three specific objectives were raised: 1. To evaluate in which degree soil conditions can be modified following spontaneous vegetation colonization in abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings, and to provide evidence about the interest of this colonization for the phytomanagement of these structures. 2. To assess to what degree spontaneous plant colonization of abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings led to functional soil improvement and to identify, if possible, a critical level indicating that this functionality was moving towards that of the natural vegetated soils from the surrounding areas. 3. To assess the effectiveness of an organic amendment composed of biochar from pruning trees and compost from USR to ameliorate the conditions of barren metal(loid) acidic mine tailings soils and if these effects persist seasonally over a year, and whether the organic amendment favors spontaneous plant colonization. The selected study area was the former metal mining district of Cartagena‐La Unión (≈50 km2; Murcia Region, SE Spain), which ended its activity in 1991. The area presents a Mediterranean semiarid climate (mean annual precipitation ≈200-300 mm, mean annual temperature ≈17 °C, and mean annual evapotranspiration rate ≈850 mm) and the natural vegetation is mainly constituted by xerophytic shrubs and small formations of pine trees (Pinus halepensis). The principal metals extracted were Fe, Pb and Zn, obtained from minerals such as carbonates, sulfides, and sulfates. At present, 89 mine tailings remain in the area, most of them abandoned without any type of intervention. Specifically, the study was conducted in two mine tailings ≈2000 m apart built by mid-60’s to store wastes from mines exploiting galena ore, and in the surrounding forest areas. Both tailings (similar altitude, ≈170-200 m a.s.l., and embedded in small valleys NW to SE facing) were abandoned ≈40 years ago and have been partially colonized by native vegetation in a patchy structure with covers between ≈20% and ≈50%. One environment devoid of vegetation and five different types of vegetated environments inside and outside of the mine tailings were selected in April-May 2017. The environments studied were (four plots of 2 m x 2 m per environment): A) Four inside the mine tailings. 1. Bare soils (B); 2. Patches with small groups of P. halepensis trees ≈2.5-5 m high growing scattered (P); 3. Patches formed by isolated P. halepensis trees >≈4-5 m high growing scattered with shrubs and herbs under the canopy (P+S); 4. Dense patches including several P. halepensis trees >≈4-5 m high and shrubs and herbs under the canopy (DP+S). B) Two outside the mine tailings. 5. Forest located next to the mine tailings with P. halepensis trees >≈5 m high and shrubs and herbs under the canopy (FN); 6. Forest located away from the mine tailings (≈1600-1800 m) with P. halepensis trees >≈5 m high and shrubs and herbs under the canopy (FA). In addition, in bare soils, four additional plots were established for a soil amendment addition experiment (AB). The following three chapters include the results of the PhD Thesis: Chapter 5. This chapter includes the work planned to respond to the first specific objective, based on the field work campaign carried out in summer 2017. A set of soil indicators (physical, physicochemical and biological) were evaluated under field and laboratory conditions in B, P, P+S, DP+S, FN and FA environments. The results provide evidence about the interest of spontaneous colonization by native vegetation for the phytomanagement of abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings in terms of providing ecosystem functions. Pioneer and nurse plant species (which are facilitation plants that favor succession phenomena) were mainly found inside the tailings, although vegetation ecological indexes in P+S and DP+S were similar to FN and FA. Pedogenesis evidence such as structure development and increase in cation exchange capacity, organic C and N were found in tailing soils from B to DP+S. However, soil metal(loid)s did not follow the same variation pattern. For example (in mg kg-1): P showed the maximum total Cu (≈277) and Zn (≈17,860), while P+S of As (≈1250) and Pb (≈14,570). B had the maximum water soluble Pb (≈4) and Zn (≈207), while FA of As (≈0.192) and Cu (≈0.149). Soil microbial biomass C, enzyme activity, CO2 emission, organic matter decomposition and feeding activity of soil dwelling organisms indicated similar, or even higher, biological activity in P+S and DP+S than in FN and FA. In fact, FA showed the highest soil ecotoxicity risk (reduced reproduction of the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus). Therefore, mine tailing soils can be effectively modified following spontaneous vegetation colonization, achieving conditions with capacity to provide certain ecosystem functions. The results of this work were published in the following scientific paper: Álvarez-Rogel, J., Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Jiménez-Cárceles, F.J., Tercero, M.C., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. Evidence supporting the value of spontaneous vegetation for phytomanagement of soil ecosystem functions in abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings. Catena 201, 105191; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105191. Chapter 6. This chapter includes the work planned to respond to the second specific objective, based on the field work campaign carried out in spring 2018. Vegetation ecological indexes, plant life forms and species functional roles, together with physicochemical and functional soils parameters, were studied in B, P, P+S, DP+S, FN and FA environments. Vegetated patches showed only small differences in physicochemical parameters related to soil abiotic stress conditions (pH, salinity and metals), regardless of the vegetation. However, vegetated patches with greater species diversity and richness and presence of plants with contrasted life forms and functional traits that facilitate the growth of less stress-tolerant species showed an increase of soil microbial functionality (higher microbial biomass C, β-glucosidase activity, bacterial metabolic activity, and functional diversity). Moreover, these vegetated patches showed a functional soil status comparable to that of the forests outside the mine tailings. The results of this work were published in the following scientific paper: Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Álvarez-Rogel, J., Peixoto, S., Silva, I., Silva, A.R.R., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. The relationships between functional and physicochemical soil parameters in metal(loid) mine tailings from Mediterranean semiarid areas support the value of spontaneous vegetation colonization for phytomanagement. Ecological Engineering 168: 106293; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106293. Chapter 7. This chapter includes the work planned to respond to the third specific objective. In April 2017, an organic amendment consisting of a 3:1 mixture of biochar and composted USR was applied (3% d.w. dose) to acidic barren areas of one of the mine tailings (pH ≈5.5). Total metal(loid) concentrations in the amended soils were (in mg kg-1): As ≈220, Cd ≈40, Mn ≈1800, Pb ≈5300, and Zn ≈8600. Two months after amendment addition were enough to observe improvements in chemical and physicochemical tailing soil properties (reduced acidity, salinity and water soluble metals and increased organic C and nutrients content), which resulted in lowered ecotoxicity for the soil invertebrate E. crypticus. Recalcitrant organic C provided by biochar remained in soil whereas labile organic compounds provided by USR were consumed over time. These improvements were consistent for at least one year and led to lower bulk density, higher water retention capacity and higher scores for microbial/functional-related parameters (microbial biomass C, microbial catabolic activity, and CO2 emission) in the amended tailing soil. Spontaneous growth of native vegetation was favored with amendment addition, but adult plants of remarkable size were only found after three years. The results of this work were published in the following scientific paper: Peñalver-Alcalá, A., Álvarez-Rogel, J., Conesa, H.M., González-Alcaraz, M.N. 2021. Biochar and urban solid refuse ameliorate the inhospitality of acidic mine tailings and foster effective spontaneous plant colonization under semiarid climate. Journal of Environmental Management 292: 112824; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112824. The general conclusions of the PhD Thesis are three: 1) Spontaneous vegetation colonization of abandoned metal(loid) mine tailings from Mediterranean semiarid areas induces improvement of physical, physicochemical, functional and ecotoxicological soil conditions regardless of total metal(loid) levels. 2) Plant species richness and diversity with contrasting life forms and functional traits seem to be key factors for achieving effective functional soil improvement in spontaneously vegetated mine tailings patches. 3) The combination of biochar from pruning trees and composted URS is, in general, a suitable amendment to improve barren acidic mine tailing soils, by promoting their functional recovery and triggering spontaneous vegetation colonization. Esta Tesis se ha realizado bajo la financiación del siguiente proyecto: “Funcionalidad y resiliencia de suelos frente al cambio climático en ambientes mediterráneos contaminados por residuos mineros: aspectos ecotoxicológicos y uso de biochar para la remediación”, cofinanciado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (proyecto RESCLICONT - CGL2016-80981-R) – Fondos FEDER. Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Programa de Doctorado en Técnicas Avanzadas en Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (TAIDA)

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Digital ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.31428/10317...
    Thesis . 2021
    License: cc-by-nc-nd
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Digital ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.31428/10317...
      Thesis . 2021
      License: cc-by-nc-nd
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Since the beginning of the 20th century, Remote Sensing has been recognized by the scientific community that can significantly contribute to the archaeological research. In particular, the launch of the first multispectral and hyperspectral satellites along with high resolution satellite sensors have demonstrated that remote sensing archaeology can provide valuable information to archaeological exploration. This thesis aims to study subsurface archaeological remains over vegetated areas using both ground and satellite remote sensing data. For the purposes of this investigation, several measurements have been carried out at all stages of plant growth, in controlled fields. These fields have been created for the purposes of this study. Moreover the study was expanded in various archaeological sites in Europe (Cyprus, Greece, and Hungary). The study was based on several reflectance’s measurements over vegetation using ground spectroradiometers in conjunction with multispectral and hyperspectral satellites (Landsat TM / ETM +, Hyperion, Chris Proba, GeoEye-1, etc.). The study has significantly contributed to the recognition of differences in vegetation development using a new vegetation index. Furthermore the study was able to identify the time window in which such difference is maximized. Furthermore, this thesis introduces and implements for the first time the "Experimental Remote Sensing Archaeology". The thesis concludes with the development of a proposed methodology that can be used in cases where the spatial resolution is not sufficient to support an interpretation of an image. The proposed methodology is based on the results of this study and can be applied using auxiliary data found in the image itself. Η επισκόπηση μιας περιοχής, ήδη από τις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα, αναγνωρίστηκε από την επιστημονική κοινότητα ότι μπορεί να συμβάλλει σημαντικά στην αρχαιολογική έρευνα. Ιδιαίτερα δε, η εκτόξευση των πρώτων πολυφασματικών και υπερφασματικών δορυφόρων αλλά και των δορυφόρων υψηλής ευκρίνειας, δείχνουν ότι η αρχαιοτηλεπισκόπηση μπορεί να δώσει πολύτιμα στοιχεία στην αρχαιολογική εξερεύνηση. Η παρούσα διατριβή αποσκοπεί στη μελέτη υπεδάφιων αρχαιολογικών καταλοίπων, σε εκτάσεις που καλύπτονται με βλάστηση, με την υποστήριξη επίγειων και δορυφορικών τηλεπισκοπικών δεδομένων. Για τους σκοπούς της έρευνας πραγματοποιήθηκαν επίγειες μετρήσεις σε ελεγχόμενα πεδία, τα οποία δημιουργήθηκαν στο πλαίσιο της διατριβής, σε όλο το φαινολογικό κύκλο ανάπτυξης των φυτών. Παράλληλα έγινε μελέτη σε διάφορους αρχαιολογικούς χώρους στην Ευρώπη (Κύπρος, Ελλάδα, Ουγγαρία). Η έρευνα στηρίχθηκε σε μετρήσεις ανακλαστικότητας της βλάστησης με τη βοήθεια επίγειων φασματοραδιομέτρων αλλά και σε διάφορους πολυφασματικούς και υπερφασματικούς δορυφόρους (Landsat TM / ETM+, Hyperion, Chris Proba, GeoEye-1 κ.τ.λ.). Η μελέτη έρχεται να συμβάλλει σημαντικά ως προς την αναγνώριση διαφοροποιήσεων της βλάστησης με την ανάπτυξη ενός νέου δείκτη βλάστησης ενώ ταυτόχρονα κατόρθωσε να προσδιορίσει τα χρονικά όρια στα οποία αυτές οι διαφοροποιήσεις μεγιστοποιούνται. Επιπλέον η παρούσα διατριβή εισάγει και υλοποιεί για πρώτη φορά την έννοια της «Πειραματικής Αρχαιοτηλεπισκόπησης». Η διατριβή ολοκληρώνεται με την ανάπτυξη μιας προτεινόμενης μεθοδολογίας η οποία δύναται να χρησιμοποιηθεί σε περιπτώσεις όπου η χωρική ανάλυση δεν είναι επαρκής για να στηρίξει την φωτοερμηνευτική διαδικασία. Η προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία στηρίζεται στο σύνολο της μελέτης που έγινε στο πλαίσιο της διατριβής και μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί με πληροφορίες που βρίσκονται στην ίδια την εικόνα. Διόφαντος Γλ. Χατζημιτσής (Επιβλέπων) Ανδρέας Γεωργόπουλος (Μέλος Επιτροπής) Απόστολος Σαρρής (Μέλος Επιτροπής) Μαρία Δ. Τσακίρη (Εξωτερικό Μέλος) Ανδρέας Ανδρέου (Εξωτερικό Μέλος Πρόεδρος Επιτροπής) Completed

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ktisis
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Ktisis
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Ktisis
      Doctoral thesis . 2012
      Data sources: Ktisis
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/