• Rural Digital Europe
• Dataset close

Having a significant economic impact in country's GDP and being a major workforce, construction industry is yet characterized by low production rate, low technological advancement, minimum automation and robotic usage, and so on. With the visionary idea of Industry 4.0 that focuses on digitization of the value chain of a product and improving productivity through a variety of technologies and automated manufacturing environment, this research aims to develop a framework to adopt Construction 4.0 within a construction company. Current state of the art of the technologies in construction associated with the notion of Industry 4.0 (e.g., Building Information Modelling, virtual reality, augmented reality, Drone, etc.) is explored through extensive literature studies. The proposed framework incorporates current technological advancement related to construction industry, legislative requirements, barriers, enterprise transformation requirements and so on. Construction 4.0 would make a great impact in construction industry through improved value chain of construction projects, productivity improvement, and safe and sustainable construction. Indeed, the proposed framework would contribute to the advancement of new knowledge in the worlds' construction companies and provide potentials of new research focuses.

Semiarid Mediterranean regions are highly susceptible to desertification processes. This study investigated the influence of increasing climate aridity in explaining the decline in vegetation cover in highly vulnerable gypsum semiarid shrublands of the Mediterranean region. For this purpose, we have used time series of the percentage of vegetation coverage obtained from remote sensing imagery (Landsat satellites). We found a dominant trend toward decreased vegetation cover, mainly in summer and in areas affected by the most severe water stress conditions (low precipitation, higher evapotranspiration rates and sun-exposed slopes). We show that past human management and current climate trends interact with local environmental conditions to determine the occurrence of vegetation degradation processes. The results suggest that degradation could be a consequence of the past overexploitation that has characterized this area (and many others in the Mediterranean region), but increased aridity, mainly related to global warming, may be triggering and/or accelerating the degradation processes. The observed pattern may be an early warning of processes potentially affecting more areas of the Mediterranean, according to the most up to date climate change models for the 21st century. vegetation coverage of the Ebro basinSeries of vegetation coverage obtained from landsat imagery, a digital terrain model and climate data.data-degradation-shrublands .zip

record abstracts Several limitations to the data exist and should be noted: The number and client mix of TEDS records depends, to some extent, on external factors, including the availability of public funds. In states with higher funding levels, a larger percentage of the substance-abusing population may be admitted to treatment, including the less severely impaired and the less economically disadvantaged.; The primary, secondary, and tertiary substances of abuse reported to TEDS are those substances that led to the treatment episode, and not necessarily a complete enumeration of all drugs used at the time of admission. ; The way an admission is defined may vary from state to state such that the absolute number of admissions is not a valid measure for comparing states. ; States continually review the quality of their data processing. As systematic errors are identified, revisions may be enacted in historical TEDS data files. While this process improves the dataset over time, reported historical statistics may change slightly from year to year. ; States vary in the extent to which coercion plays a role in referral to treatment. This variation derives from criminal justice practices and differing concentrations of abuser subpopulations. ; Public funding constraints may direct states to selectively target special populations, for example, pregnant women or adolescents. ; TEDS consists of treatment admissions, and therefore may include multiple admissions for the same client. Thus, any statistics derived from the data will represent admissions, not clients. It is possible for clients to have multiple initial admissions within a state and even within providers that have multiple treatment sites within the state. TEDS provides a national snapshot of what is seen at admission to treatment, but is currently not designed to follow individual clients through a sequence of treatment episodes. ; TEDS distinguishes between "transfer admissions" and "initial admissions." Transfer admissions include clients transferred for distinct services within an episode of treatment. Only initial admissions are included in the public-use file. ; Some states have no Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs) that provide medication-assisted therapy using methadone and/or buprenorphine. ; In 2012, a new variable was added that reports the number of times, if any, that a client was arrested in the 30 days preceding his or her admission into treatment. The variable is not on files prior to 2008. In 2012, changes were made to the full TEDS series. The changes consisted of the following: The recoding scheme of the variable DENTLF (Detailed Not in Labor Force Category) was changed. The cases for "Inmate of Institution" have been separated from "Other" and are now a standalone category. ; The recoding scheme of the variable DETCRIM (Detailed Criminal Justice Referral) was changed. The cases for "Prison" have been separated from "Probation/Parole" and are now a standalone category. The same was done for the cases for "Diversionary Program" which were previously combined with "Other". But the cases for "Other Recognized Legal Entity" previously combined with "State/Federal Court, Other Court" have now been combined with the "Other" category. ; In 2011, a change was made to the full TEDS series. All records for which the age is missing are now excluded from the dataset. In 2010, changes were made to the full TEDS series. The changes consisted of the following: Clients 11 years old and younger are excluded from the dataset. ; Puerto Rico now has its own category for Census Region and Division. Clients in Puerto Rico were formerly classified into the South Census Region and South Atlantic Census Division.; The state FIPS (STFIPS) variable is retained and a second state variable was dropped to reduce redundancy.; Value labels and question text are better aligned with the TEDS State Instruction Manual for Admissions Data.; The variable RACE is no longer recoded. Codes for "Asian" (code 13) and "Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander" (code 23) are now retained. Previously these codes were combined into the single code "Asian or Pacific Islander" (code 3). Each state may report any of the three codes. Therefore, all three codes remain in the data, unchanged from the way they are collected by the states.; The categories and codes in this public-use file differ somewhat from those used by SAMHSA and those found in the TEDS Crosswalks and in other reports. This is a result of the recoding that was performed to protect client privacy in creating the public-use file. To further protect respondent and provider privacy, all Behavioral Health Services Information System (BHSIS) unique identification numbers have been removed from the public-use data. Therefore, no linkages are possible between the TEDS and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS) public-use files. The data are collected from the states by Synectics for Management Decisions, Incorporated, on behalf of SAMHSA. The 2001 public-use file was created using the most current data from October 2012 (the October 15, 2012 extract). The Treatment Episode Data Set -- Admissions (TEDS-A) is a national census data system of annual admissions to substance abuse treatment facilities. TEDS-A provides annual data on the number and characteristics of persons admitted to public and private substance abuse treatment programs that receive public funding. The unit of analysis is a treatment admission. TEDS consists of data reported to state substance abuse agencies by the treatment programs, which in turn report it to SAMHSA. A sister data system, called the Treatment Episode Data Set -- Discharges (TEDS-D), collects data on discharges from substance abuse treatment facilities. The first year of TEDS-A data is 1992, while the first year of TEDS-D is 2006. TEDS variables that are required to be reported are called the "Minimum Data Set (MDS)", while those that are optional are called the "Supplemental Data Set (SuDS)". Variables in the MDS include: information on service setting, number of prior treatments, primary source of referral, gender, race, ethnicity, education, employment status, substance(s) abused, route of administration, frequency of use, age at first use, and whether methadone was prescribed in treatment. Supplemental variables include: diagnosis codes, presence of psychiatric problems, living arrangements, source of income, health insurance, expected source of payment, pregnancy and veteran status, marital status, detailed not in labor force codes, detailed criminal justice referral codes, days waiting to enter treatment, and the number of arrests in the 30 days prior to admissions (starting in 2008). Substances abused include alcohol, cocaine and crack, marijuana and hashish, heroin, nonprescription methadone, other opiates and synthetics, PCP, other hallucinogens, methamphetamine, other amphetamines, other stimulants, benzodiazepines, other non-benzodiazepine tranquilizers, barbiturates, other non-barbiturate sedatives or hypnotics, inhalants, over-the-counter medications, and other substances. Created variables include total number of substances reported, intravenous drug use (IDU), and flags for any mention of specific substances. State laws require certain substance abuse treatment programs to report all of their admissions and discharges to the State. In all States, treatment programs receiving any public funds are required to provide the data on both publicly and privately funded clients. In some States, programs that do not receive public funds are required to provide data as well. On the other hand, there are some instances in which information is provided only for clients whose treatment is funded through public monies. TEDS collects this data from the States on all admissions and discharges aged 12 or older. TEDS-A presents only the admission data. Smallest Geographic Unit: Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA) ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Performed consistency checks.; Created variable labels and/or value labels.; Standardized missing values.; Created online analysis version with question text.; Performed recodes and/or calculated derived variables.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Datasets: DS1: Treatment Episode Data Set -- Admissions (TEDS-A), 2001 Treatment Episode Data Set - Admissions (TEDS-A) Series

There is increasing evidence of the importance of multi-use landscapes for the conservation of large carnivores. However, when carnivore ranges overlap with high density of humans, there are often serious conservation challenges. This is especially true in countries like India where loss of peoples’ lives and property to large wildlife are not uncommon. The leopard (Panthera pardus) is a large felid that is widespread in India, often sharing landscapes with high human densities. In order to understand the ecology of leopards in a human use landscape and the nature of human-leopard interactions, we studied (i) the spatial and temporal distribution and the characteristics of leopard attacks on people, (ii) the spatial variability in the pattern of habitat use by the leopard, and (iii) the spatial relationship between attack locations and habitat use by leopards. The study site, located in northern West Bengal, India, is a densely populated mixed-use landscape of 630 km2, comprising of forests, tea plantations, agriculture fields, and human settlements. A total of 171 leopard attacks on humans were reported between January 2009 and March 2016, most of which occurred within the tea-gardens. None of the attacks was fatal. We found significant spatial clustering of locations of leopard attacks on humans. However, most of the attacks were restricted to certain tea estates and occurred mostly between January and May. Analysis of habitat use by leopards showed that the probability of use of areas with more ground vegetation cover was high while that of areas with high density of buildings was low. However, locations of leopard attacks on people did not coincide with areas that showed a higher probability of use by leopards. This indicates that an increased use of an area by leopards, by itself, does not necessarily imply an increase in attacks on people. The spatial and temporal clustering of attack locations allowed us to use this information to prioritize areas to focus mitigation activities in order reduce negative encounters between people and leopards in this landscape which has had a long history of conflict. Detection_and_CovariateLeopard detection history and covariates used for model building.attack_interviewsDetails of human attacks by leopards and activity of the person before attacks. NOTE: Geographic coordinates of attack location were removed to protect individual's identity, and because Panthera pardus is a vulnerable species. To obtain these values, please contact Aritra Kshettry Leopard_attacks_victimsDetails of all leopard attacks within study area. Month, Year and location of village where attack occurred. NOTE: Geographic coordinates of attack location were removed to protect individual's identity, and because Panthera pardus is a vulnerable species. To obtain these values, please contact Aritra Kshettry

Environnement et Changement climatique Canada (ECCC) fait appel à la télédétection par satellite pour surveiller les indicateurs de la qualité de l'eau panlacustre dans l'ensemble des eaux intérieures canadiennes. La télédétection offre une solution rentable pour obtenir des observations fréquentes de la qualité de l'eau panlacustre à l'appui de la science des lacs et de la gestion de la qualité des eaux intérieures sur une base continue. Les ensembles de données présentés dans cette série permettent une surveillance à long terme par satellite des indicateurs de la qualité de l'eau, ce qui contribue à des programmes comme l'Initiative du bassin du lac Winnipeg et l'Initiative sur les nutriments dans les Grands Lacs. Ces données incluent de l'imagerie et des statistiques sommaires à l'appui du portail de données interactif EOLakeWatch, y compris des indices et de l'imagerie quotidiens sur la prolifération d'algues, des indices et de l'imagerie historiques sur la prolifération d'algues et des rapports annuels sur la prolifération d'algues. Citation: Binding, C.E., Pizzolato, L., & Zeng, C. (2021). EOLakeWatch; delivering a comprehensive suite of remote sensing algal bloom indices for enhanced monitoring of Canadian eutrophic lakes. Ecological Indicators, 121, 106999. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106999 Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) uses satellite remote sensing to monitor lake-wide water quality indicators across Canadian inland waters. Remote sensing provides a cost-effective solution to obtain frequent lake-wide water quality observations in support of lake science and inland water quality management on an on-going basis. The datasets presented in this collection provide long-term satellite-derived monitoring of water quality indicators, contributing to programs such as the Lake Winnipeg Basin Initiative and Great Lakes Nutrient Initiative. These data include imagery and summary statistics in support of ECCC's EOLakeWatch interactive data portal including daily algal bloom indices and imagery, historical algal bloom indices and imagery, and annual algal bloom reports. Citation: Binding, C.E., Pizzolato, L., & Zeng, C. (2021). EOLakeWatch; delivering a comprehensive suite of remote sensing algal bloom indices for enhanced monitoring of Canadian eutrophic lakes. Ecological Indicators, 121, 106999. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106999

Abstract The baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel), is fruit tree displaying economic, environmental, industrial and food importance. The objective of this study was to adapt to the tetrazolium test methodology to baru seeds and evaluate the physiological quality of seeds stored for 12 months at 10 and 20 ºC, using X-ray images as a toll for detection damage throughout the storage period while also carrying out germination, emergence and electrical conductivity tests. Baru seeds remained viable for 12 months of storage, albeit with a small decrease in vigor after nine months. The applied tetrazolium test methodology was efficient in determining internal seed damage. The pre-soak time for the tetrazolium test and solution concentration was 24 hours and 0.05%. No changes in seed morphology and radiographic images were observed during the storage periods, regardless of the assessed temperature. The X-ray test enabled a precise visualization of internal baru seed structures.

Abstract Our study aimed to evaluate the influence of rubber tree plantations (Clones IAN 873 and FX 3864) on microbial activity, total organic carbon (TOC), and soils chemical attributes, using as reference pasture and secondary forest, in Rio de Janeiro. The plantations areas showed pH; Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ levels; sum of bases; base saturation, basal respiration; metabolic quotient; and arylsulfatase and FDA activities in the soil similar to or greater than the values found in the forest. In contrast, showed lower P and TOC levels; carbon and nitrogen in the microbial biomass; and β-glucosidase activity than of forest and pasture. Higher acid phosphatase and laccase enzymes activities was observed in the forest and plantations than in the pasture. Thus, we verified that the rubber tree plantations (Clones: IAN 873; FX 3864) maintain or improve the quality of some chemical and microbiological attributes of the soil regarding secondary forest and pasture.

Ranking of candidate models for changes in functional composition with land use.

Spatial map patterns (PCNM eigenvectors).