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  • Authors: D. J. Houlbrooke; David Horne; M. J. Hedley; J. A. Hanly; +1 Authors

    Abstract Dairy farming is the largest agricultural industry in New Zealand, contributing 20% of export earnings but providing a challenge for the environmentally acceptable treatment of wastes from dairy farms. Nutrient‐rich farm‐dairy effluent (FDE), which consists of cattle excreta diluted with wash‐down water, is a by‐product of dairy cattle spending time in yards, feed‐pads, and the farm dairy. Traditionally, FDE has been treated in standard two‐pond systems and then discharged into a receiving fresh water stream. Changes brought about primarily due to the Resource Management Act 1991 have meant that most regional councils now prefer dairy farms to land treat their FDE. This allows the water and nutrients applied to land in FDE to be utilised by the soil‐plant system. Research on the effects of land‐treating FDE, and its affects on water quality, has shown that between 2 and 20% of the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) applied in FDE is leached through the soil profile. In all studies, the measured conc...

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    Authors: Matthew D, Parker; Lynette A, Jones; Ian W, Hunter; A J, Taberner; +2 Authors

    A triaxial force-sensitive microrobot was developed to dynamically perturb skin in multiple deformation modes, in vivo. Wiener static nonlinear identification was used to extract the linear dynamics and static nonlinearity of the force–displacement behavior of skin. Stochastic input forces were applied to the volar forearm and thenar eminence of the hand, producing probe tip perturbations in indentation and tangential extension. Wiener static nonlinear approaches reproduced the resulting displacements with variances accounted for (VAF) ranging 94–97%, indicating a good fit to the data. These approaches provided VAF improvements of 0.1–3.4% over linear models. Thenar eminence stiffness measures were approximately twice those measured on the forearm. Damping was shown to be significantly higher on the palm, whereas the perturbed mass typically was lower. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for nonlinear parameters were assessed within and across individuals. Individual CVs ranged from 2% to 11% for indentation and from 2% to 19% for extension. Stochastic perturbations with incrementally increasing mean amplitudes were applied to the same test areas. Differences between full-scale and incremental reduced-scale perturbations were investigated. Different incremental preloading schemes were investigated. However, no significant difference in parameters was found between different incremental preloading schemes. Incremental schemes provided depth-dependent estimates of stiffness and damping, ranging from 300 N/m and 2 Ns/m, respectively, at the surface to 5 kN/m and 50 Ns/m at greater depths. The device and techniques used in this research have potential applications in areas, such as evaluating skincare products, assessing skin hydration, or analyzing wound healing.

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    Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
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    Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
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      Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Matthew Henry; Russell Prince;

    The financialization of agriculture appears to be proceeding apace. In New Zealand, the creation of a futures market for dairy lends weight to this story. What is less well understood about the process of financialization in agriculture, however, is how exactly it is proceeding. This paper focuses on NZXAgri, an offshoot of the New Zealand sharemarket operator NZX, which is tasked with the creation of the dairy derivatives market, and on the data infrastructure that is being assembled to underpin this trading space. The making of NZXAgri has been a complex process, resulting from the dissipation of a previous agriculture data assemblage during neoliberalization, and now with multiple political and economic projects partially aligned under its banner. Meanwhile, the emerging data assemblage relies on all manner of material and immaterial relational work to produce the necessary dairy production information for consumption by international financial actors. It is this kind of assembling work that is shaping the financialization of agriculture, and it requires constant negotiation with the diverse agencies of farmers and their rural contexts. This suggests that we are seeing the agriculturalization of finance alongside the financialization of agriculture.

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    Environment and Planning A Economy and Space
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Environment and Plan...arrow_drop_down
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      Environment and Planning A Economy and Space
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Zeenatul Basher; David A. Bowden; Mark J. Costello;

    The Global Marine Environment Datasets (GMED) is a compilation of publicly available climatic, biological and geophysical environmental layers featuring present, past and future environmental conditions. Marine biologists increasingly utilize geo-spatial techniques with modelling algorithms to visualize and predict species biodiversity at a global scale. Marine environmental datasets available for species distribution modelling (SDM) have different spatial resolutions and are frequently provided in assorted file formats. This makes data assembly one of the most time-consuming parts of any study using multiple environmental layers for biogeography visualization or SDM applications. GMED covers the widest available range of environmental layers from a variety of sources and depths from the surface to the deepest part of the ocean. It has a uniform spatial extent, high-resolution land mask (to eliminate land areas in the marine regions), and high spatial resolution (5 arc-minute, c. 9.2 km near equator). The free public online availability of GMED enables rapid map overlay of species of interest (e.g. endangered or invasive) against different environmental conditions of the past, present and the future, and expedites mapping distribution ranges of species using popular SDM algorithms. GMED can be found at http://gmed.auckland.ac.nz/ (DOI: https://10.6084/m9.figshare.5937268).

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    Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
    Other literature type . 2018
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    https://essd.copernicus.org/pr...
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...
    Preprint . 2018
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    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
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      Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
      Other literature type . 2018
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      https://essd.copernicus.org/pr...
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...
      Preprint . 2018
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      Other literature type . 2018
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    Authors: Mohan Sridharan; Ben Meadows; Zenon Colaco;

    A fundamental challenge in robotics is to reason with incomplete domain knowledge to explain unexpected observations, and partial descriptions of domain objects and events extracted from sensor observations. Existing explanation generation systems are based on ideas drawn from two broad classes of systems, and do not support all the desired explanation generation capabilities for robots. The objective of this paper is to first compare the explanation generation capabilities of a state of the art system from each of these two classes, using execution scenarios of a robot waiter assisting in a restaurant. Specifically, we investigate KRASP, a system based on the declarative language Answer Set Prolog, which uses an elaborate system description and observations of system behavior to explain unexpected observations and partial descriptions. We also explore UMBRA, an architecture that provides explanations using a weaker system description, a heuristic representation of past experience, and other heuristics for selectively and incrementally searching through relevant ground literals. Based on this study, this paper identifies some key criteria, and provides some recommendations, for developing an explanation generation system for robots that exploits the complementary strengths of the two classes of explanation generation systems.

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    https://doi.org/10.1145/285161...
    Conference object . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1145/285161...
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    Authors: Yiheng Wang; Jinsong Zhang; Shu Diao; Liang Xue;

    Pigment content is a critical assessment indicator in the study of plant physiological metabolism, stress resistance, ornamental characteristics, and forest health. Spectral imaging technology is widely used for rapid and non-destructive determination of plant physicochemical parameters. To address the shortcomings of previous models of spectral reflectance prediction of chlorophyll content of needles only from the perspective of traditional algorithms and ignoring physical models, this research integrates variable complexity and refined classification of physical models to validate the increased accuracy of both the conventional partial least squares (PLS) method and the traditional neural network algorithm. The results of the conifer chlorophyll models of Picea koraiensis Nakai with different needle ages based on spectral reflectance and vegetation index parameters showed that the improved nonlinear state transition algorithm-backpropagation (STA-BP) neural network model approach (R2 of 0.73–0.89) and the nonlinear Stacking partial least squares (Stacking-PLS) model approach (R2 of 0. 67–0.85) is slightly more robust than the traditional algorithms nonlinear BP model (R2 of 0.63–0.82) and linear PLS model (R2 of 0.60–0.76). This finding suggests that the nonlinear fitting of chlorophyll content in needles of different needle ages in P. koraiensis Nakai surpasses the traditional linear model fitting methodology. Furthermore, the model fitting of chlorophyll content in conifers of different needle ages outperforms the mixed P. koraiensis Nakai model, suggesting that chlorophyll models using needle refinement classification help to improve model robustness. This study provides data and theoretical support for rapid and non-invasive characterization of physiological and biochemical properties of needles of different needle ages using spectral imaging techniques to predict growth and community structure productivity of forest trees in the coming years.

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    Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: James D. Shepherd; Peter Bunting; John R. Dymond;

    Image classification and interpretation are greatly aided through the use of image segmentation. Within the field of environmental remote sensing, image segmentation aims to identify regions of unique or dominant ground cover from their attributes such as spectral signature, texture and context. However, many approaches are not scalable for national mapping programmes due to limits in the size of images that can be processed. Therefore, we present a scalable segmentation algorithm, which is seeded using k-means and provides support for a minimum mapping unit through an innovative iterative elimination process. The algorithm has also been demonstrated for the segmentation of time series datasets capturing both the intra-image variation and change regions. The quality of the segmentation results was assessed by comparison with reference segments along with statistics on the inter- and intra-segment spectral variation. The technique is computationally scalable and is being actively used within the national land cover mapping programme for New Zealand. Additionally, 30-m continental mosaics of Landsat and ALOS-PALSAR have been segmented for Australia in support of national forest height and cover mapping. The algorithm has also been made freely available within the open source Remote Sensing and GIS software Library (RSGISLib).

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    Remote Sensing
    Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Remote Sensing
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2019
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    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2019
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      Remote Sensing
      Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Remote Sensing
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      Article . 2019
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: David A. Fleming-Muñoz; Kate Preston; Andrea Arratia-Solar;

    In this paper we discuss a framework to evaluate the benefits of publicly-funded research that includes scientific impact, impacts on stakeholders (next and end users of research outputs), and economic and environmental values. We apply this framework to evaluate two agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation research science projects funded in New Zealand: research looking at mitigation options given by genetic markers for low methane animals, and the identification of emission-reducing management practices. From this analysis we achieve two main findings. First, the prominence of the research combined with the low likelihood of research occurring on this scale without public support suggests strongly that the results would not have been obtained in absence of public funding. Second, the advances reached in some areas have the potential for GHG emission reductions that would be significant in environmental terms, and whose value at likely carbon pricing levels would be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. The results discussed are conditional on several factors such as future domestic and international policy settings and implementation, adoption rates and the practical availability of mitigation options and practices for different farm landscapes. However, the impacts and economic and environmental values attached to these research projects, and mitigation research more generally, cannot be overlooked. The case studies evaluated clearly demonstrate the potential benefits that public investments can make to the development of more sustainable agricultural systems.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Cleaner P...arrow_drop_down
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    Journal of Cleaner Production
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Cleaner Production
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: David J. Pannell; Graeme J. Doole; Jimmy Cheung;

    Australian and New Zealand research on the economics of natural resource management (NRM) has a relatively short history. Defining NRM as including water, fisheries, agricultural land, nature conservation and forestry, 65 per cent of all Australasian journal articles in the area have been published since 2005. The most researched NRM issue is water, followed by fisheries and agricultural land. Most of the NRM issues with a high level of economic research are issues that have had major policy initiatives in place at around the time of the studies, highlighting the high policy relevance of most of the research. For each NRM issue, we identify important contributions that have been made by Australian economists. These include the design and implementation of well‐functioning water markets, the provision of strong critiques of agricultural NRM programs, advice on the design and implementation of individual transferable quotas for fisheries and many more.

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    Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Kebir Mohammed Jemal; Marzhan Kabzhassarova; Ramazan Shaimkhanov; Dinara Dikhanbayeva; +3 Authors

    The construction sector has undergone several transformations to address adverse environmental, economic, and social impacts. The concept of the circular economy (CE) has transcended into this domain to solve the needs of construction amid resource constraints. Furthermore, advanced digital tools are being implemented across industries owing to the boost given by the fourth industrial revolution. This paper aims to develop a framework that investigates the effect of digital tools on CE implementation in the construction sector. The study is based on a three-step approach, where first, an initial framework design based on a systematic literature review was conducted. This is followed by framework optimization using semistructured interviews with experts and validation through a case study. This study resulted in the development of a new framework, which aims to investigate how advanced digital tools can be used in the construction sector to enhance CE implementation. The contribution of the present study is two-fold: (1) the integration (addressing existing research gap) of CE and digitalization concepts in the construction sector; (2) an investigation into the critical barriers, offering insights for construction practitioners.

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    Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Sustainability
    Article . 2023
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      Sustainability
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: D. J. Houlbrooke; David Horne; M. J. Hedley; J. A. Hanly; +1 Authors

    Abstract Dairy farming is the largest agricultural industry in New Zealand, contributing 20% of export earnings but providing a challenge for the environmentally acceptable treatment of wastes from dairy farms. Nutrient‐rich farm‐dairy effluent (FDE), which consists of cattle excreta diluted with wash‐down water, is a by‐product of dairy cattle spending time in yards, feed‐pads, and the farm dairy. Traditionally, FDE has been treated in standard two‐pond systems and then discharged into a receiving fresh water stream. Changes brought about primarily due to the Resource Management Act 1991 have meant that most regional councils now prefer dairy farms to land treat their FDE. This allows the water and nutrients applied to land in FDE to be utilised by the soil‐plant system. Research on the effects of land‐treating FDE, and its affects on water quality, has shown that between 2 and 20% of the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) applied in FDE is leached through the soil profile. In all studies, the measured conc...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Matthew D, Parker; Lynette A, Jones; Ian W, Hunter; A J, Taberner; +2 Authors

    A triaxial force-sensitive microrobot was developed to dynamically perturb skin in multiple deformation modes, in vivo. Wiener static nonlinear identification was used to extract the linear dynamics and static nonlinearity of the force–displacement behavior of skin. Stochastic input forces were applied to the volar forearm and thenar eminence of the hand, producing probe tip perturbations in indentation and tangential extension. Wiener static nonlinear approaches reproduced the resulting displacements with variances accounted for (VAF) ranging 94–97%, indicating a good fit to the data. These approaches provided VAF improvements of 0.1–3.4% over linear models. Thenar eminence stiffness measures were approximately twice those measured on the forearm. Damping was shown to be significantly higher on the palm, whereas the perturbed mass typically was lower. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for nonlinear parameters were assessed within and across individuals. Individual CVs ranged from 2% to 11% for indentation and from 2% to 19% for extension. Stochastic perturbations with incrementally increasing mean amplitudes were applied to the same test areas. Differences between full-scale and incremental reduced-scale perturbations were investigated. Different incremental preloading schemes were investigated. However, no significant difference in parameters was found between different incremental preloading schemes. Incremental schemes provided depth-dependent estimates of stiffness and damping, ranging from 300 N/m and 2 Ns/m, respectively, at the surface to 5 kN/m and 50 Ns/m at greater depths. The device and techniques used in this research have potential applications in areas, such as evaluating skincare products, assessing skin hydration, or analyzing wound healing.

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    Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
    Article
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    Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
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      Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Matthew Henry; Russell Prince;

    The financialization of agriculture appears to be proceeding apace. In New Zealand, the creation of a futures market for dairy lends weight to this story. What is less well understood about the process of financialization in agriculture, however, is how exactly it is proceeding. This paper focuses on NZXAgri, an offshoot of the New Zealand sharemarket operator NZX, which is tasked with the creation of the dairy derivatives market, and on the data infrastructure that is being assembled to underpin this trading space. The making of NZXAgri has been a complex process, resulting from the dissipation of a previous agriculture data assemblage during neoliberalization, and now with multiple political and economic projects partially aligned under its banner. Meanwhile, the emerging data assemblage relies on all manner of material and immaterial relational work to produce the necessary dairy production information for consumption by international financial actors. It is this kind of assembling work that is shaping the financialization of agriculture, and it requires constant negotiation with the diverse agencies of farmers and their rural contexts. This suggests that we are seeing the agriculturalization of finance alongside the financialization of agriculture.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Environment and Plan...arrow_drop_down
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    Environment and Planning A Economy and Space
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environment and Planning A Economy and Space
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Zeenatul Basher; David A. Bowden; Mark J. Costello;

    The Global Marine Environment Datasets (GMED) is a compilation of publicly available climatic, biological and geophysical environmental layers featuring present, past and future environmental conditions. Marine biologists increasingly utilize geo-spatial techniques with modelling algorithms to visualize and predict species biodiversity at a global scale. Marine environmental datasets available for species distribution modelling (SDM) have different spatial resolutions and are frequently provided in assorted file formats. This makes data assembly one of the most time-consuming parts of any study using multiple environmental layers for biogeography visualization or SDM applications. GMED covers the widest available range of environmental layers from a variety of sources and depths from the surface to the deepest part of the ocean. It has a uniform spatial extent, high-resolution land mask (to eliminate land areas in the marine regions), and high spatial resolution (5 arc-minute, c. 9.2 km near equator). The free public online availability of GMED enables rapid map overlay of species of interest (e.g. endangered or invasive) against different environmental conditions of the past, present and the future, and expedites mapping distribution ranges of species using popular SDM algorithms. GMED can be found at http://gmed.auckland.ac.nz/ (DOI: https://10.6084/m9.figshare.5937268).

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    Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
    Other literature type . 2018
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    https://essd.copernicus.org/pr...
    Preprint
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...
    Preprint . 2018
    License: CC BY
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    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
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      Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
      Other literature type . 2018
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      https://essd.copernicus.org/pr...
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2...
      Preprint . 2018
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    Authors: Mohan Sridharan; Ben Meadows; Zenon Colaco;

    A fundamental challenge in robotics is to reason with incomplete domain knowledge to explain unexpected observations, and partial descriptions of domain objects and events extracted from sensor observations. Existing explanation generation systems are based on ideas drawn from two broad classes of systems, and do not support all the desired explanation generation capabilities for robots. The objective of this paper is to first compare the explanation generation capabilities of a state of the art system from each of these two classes, using execution scenarios of a robot waiter assisting in a restaurant. Specifically, we investigate KRASP, a system based on the declarative language Answer Set Prolog, which uses an elaborate system description and observations of system behavior to explain unexpected observations and partial descriptions. We also explore UMBRA, an architecture that provides explanations using a weaker system description, a heuristic representation of past experience, and other heuristics for selectively and incrementally searching through relevant ground literals. Based on this study, this paper identifies some key criteria, and provides some recommendations, for developing an explanation generation system for robots that exploits the complementary strengths of the two classes of explanation generation systems.

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    https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10....
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    https://doi.org/10.1145/285161...
    Conference object . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1145/285161...
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    Authors: Yiheng Wang; Jinsong Zhang; Shu Diao; Liang Xue;

    Pigment content is a critical assessment indicator in the study of plant physiological metabolism, stress resistance, ornamental characteristics, and forest health. Spectral imaging technology is widely used for rapid and non-destructive determination of plant physicochemical parameters. To address the shortcomings of previous models of spectral reflectance prediction of chlorophyll content of needles only from the perspective of traditional algorithms and ignoring physical models, this research integrates variable complexity and refined classification of physical models to validate the increased accuracy of both the conventional partial least squares (PLS) method and the traditional neural network algorithm. The results of the conifer chlorophyll models of Picea koraiensis Nakai with different needle ages based on spectral reflectance and vegetation index parameters showed that the improved nonlinear state transition algorithm-backpropagation (STA-BP) neural network model approach (R2 of 0.73–0.89) and the nonlinear Stacking partial least squares (Stacking-PLS) model approach (R2 of 0. 67–0.85) is slightly more robust than the traditional algorithms nonlinear BP model (R2 of 0.63–0.82) and linear PLS model (R2 of 0.60–0.76). This finding suggests that the nonlinear fitting of chlorophyll content in needles of different needle ages in P. koraiensis Nakai surpasses the traditional linear model fitting methodology. Furthermore, the model fitting of chlorophyll content in conifers of different needle ages outperforms the mixed P. koraiensis Nakai model, suggesting that chlorophyll models using needle refinement classification help to improve model robustness. This study provides data and theoretical support for rapid and non-invasive characterization of physiological and biochemical properties of needles of different needle ages using spectral imaging techniques to predict growth and community structure productivity of forest trees in the coming years.

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    Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: James D. Shepherd; Peter Bunting; John R. Dymond;

    Image classification and interpretation are greatly aided through the use of image segmentation. Within the field of environmental remote sensing, image segmentation aims to identify regions of unique or dominant ground cover from their attributes such as spectral signature, texture and context. However, many approaches are not scalable for national mapping programmes due to limits in the size of images that can be processed. Therefore, we present a scalable segmentation algorithm, which is seeded using k-means and provides support for a minimum mapping unit through an innovative iterative elimination process. The algorithm has also been demonstrated for the segmentation of time series datasets capturing both the intra-image variation and change regions. The quality of the segmentation results was assessed by comparison with reference segments along with statistics on the inter- and intra-segment spectral variation. The technique is computationally scalable and is being actively used within the national land cover mapping programme for New Zealand. Additionally, 30-m continental mosaics of Landsat and ALOS-PALSAR have been segmented for Australia in support of national forest height and cover mapping. The algorithm has also been made freely available within the open source Remote Sensing and GIS software Library (RSGISLib).

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    Remote Sensing
    Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2019
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    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2019
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      Remote Sensing
      Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Remote Sensing
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2019
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      Remote Sensing
      Article . 2019
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: David A. Fleming-Muñoz; Kate Preston; Andrea Arratia-Solar;

    In this paper we discuss a framework to evaluate the benefits of publicly-funded research that includes scientific impact, impacts on stakeholders (next and end users of research outputs), and economic and environmental values. We apply this framework to evaluate two agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation research science projects funded in New Zealand: research looking at mitigation options given by genetic markers for low methane animals, and the identification of emission-reducing management practices. From this analysis we achieve two main findings. First, the prominence of the research combined with the low likelihood of research occurring on this scale without public support suggests strongly that the results would not have been obtained in absence of public funding. Second, the advances reached in some areas have the potential for GHG emission reductions that would be significant in environmental terms, and whose value at likely carbon pricing levels would be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. The results discussed are conditional on several factors such as future domestic and international policy settings and implementation, adoption rates and the practical availability of mitigation options and practices for different farm landscapes. However, the impacts and economic and environmental values attached to these research projects, and mitigation research more generally, cannot be overlooked. The case studies evaluated clearly demonstrate the potential benefits that public investments can make to the development of more sustainable agricultural systems.

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    Journal of Cleaner Production
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Cleaner Production
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: David J. Pannell; Graeme J. Doole; Jimmy Cheung;

    Australian and New Zealand research on the economics of natural resource management (NRM) has a relatively short history. Defining NRM as including water, fisheries, agricultural land, nature conservation and forestry, 65 per cent of all Australasian journal articles in the area have been published since 2005. The most researched NRM issue is water, followed by fisheries and agricultural land. Most of the NRM issues with a high level of economic research are issues that have had major policy initiatives in place at around the time of the studies, highlighting the high policy relevance of most of the research. For each NRM issue, we identify important contributions that have been made by Australian economists. These include the design and implementation of well‐functioning water markets, the provision of strong critiques of agricultural NRM programs, advice on the design and implementation of individual transferable quotas for fisheries and many more.

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    Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Kebir Mohammed Jemal; Marzhan Kabzhassarova; Ramazan Shaimkhanov; Dinara Dikhanbayeva; +3 Authors

    The construction sector has undergone several transformations to address adverse environmental, economic, and social impacts. The concept of the circular economy (CE) has transcended into this domain to solve the needs of construction amid resource constraints. Furthermore, advanced digital tools are being implemented across industries owing to the boost given by the fourth industrial revolution. This paper aims to develop a framework that investigates the effect of digital tools on CE implementation in the construction sector. The study is based on a three-step approach, where first, an initial framework design based on a systematic literature review was conducted. This is followed by framework optimization using semistructured interviews with experts and validation through a case study. This study resulted in the development of a new framework, which aims to investigate how advanced digital tools can be used in the construction sector to enhance CE implementation. The contribution of the present study is two-fold: (1) the integration (addressing existing research gap) of CE and digitalization concepts in the construction sector; (2) an investigation into the critical barriers, offering insights for construction practitioners.

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    Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Sustainability
    Article . 2023
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      Sustainability
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Sustainability
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
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