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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vionis, Athanasios K.; Papantoniou, Giorgos; Vionis, Athanasios K.; Papantoniou, Giorgos;

    The aim of this contribution is to introduce the topic of this volume and briefly measure the evolution and applicability of central place theory in previous and contemporary archaeological practice and thought [...] 8 2

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2019
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    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ GNOSIS Institutional...arrow_drop_down
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      Article . 2019
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      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kylili, Angeliki; Fokaides, Paris A.; Christou, Petros M.; Kalogirou, Soteris A.;

    Abstract Infrared thermography (IRT) has met an extensive popularity among the non-destructive technologies for building diagnostics, especially with the increasing concerns of energy minimisation and low energy consumption of the building sector. Its popularity for a broad range of applications can be attributed to its non-contact safe nature, its usefulness and effectiveness, as well as the energy and cost savings it can achieve. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art literature and research regarding the passive and active infrared thermography. The fundamentals of IRT are thoroughly explained and the thermographic process for building diagnostics is presented. This work also presents the fields of applicability of IRT with a focus on the building sector, as well as the advantages, limitations and potential sources of errors of IRT employment. Additionally previous non-destructive testing (NDT) studies that employed passive, active pulsed, and active lock-in thermographies for building diagnostics are presented. A review of the thermal image analysis methods and the future trends of thermal imaging are also included in this work. It can be concluded that while IRT is a useful tool for the characterisation of defects in the building sector, there is great prospect for the development of more advanced, effective and accurate approaches that will employ a combination of thermography approaches.

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    Ktisis
    Article . 2014
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Energy
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
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      Ktisis
      Article . 2014
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Energy
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dimitrios BILALIS; Panoraia-Eirini KAMARIARI; Anestis KARKANIS; Aspasia EFTHIMIADOU; +2 Authors

    Maize (Zea mays L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are two important crops in Mediterranean countries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the differences and similarities in energy flow between conventional and organic tomato and maize crops. Our results indicated that the total energy input in the conventional system was higher than in organic system and for individual crops was 25.90 and 29.34% higher for tomato and maize, respectively, than the organic system. Of the inputs for the different operations, fertilizers consumed the bulk of the energy for all crops. In maize crop, human labour had little impact on total energy use both in organic and conventional system. In addition, seed inputs in maize production had corresponded to 11.44% of the total energy requirement. Concerning the pesticides inputs, there were significant differences between organic and conventional systems. In both crops, the pesticides energy input was higher in conventional production compared to organic system. Moreover, irrigation inputs were 13-23% of the total energy use in the organic system and 12-20% in the conventional system. In both crops, the energy output and energy productivity were also higher in conventional production compared to organic system. Our study shows that the adoption of organic cultural system could reduce energy inputs.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Notulae Botanicae Ho...arrow_drop_down
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    Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2013
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Notulae Botanicae Ho...arrow_drop_down
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      Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2013
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Boucher, Alexandre; Kyriakidis, Phaedon;

    Many satellite images have a coarser spatial resolution than the extent of land cover patterns on the ground, leading to mixed pixels whose composite spectral response consists of responses from multiple land cover classes. Spectral unmixing procedures only determine the fractions of such classes within a coarse pixel without locating them in space. Super-resolution or sub-pixel mapping aims at providing a fine resolution map of class labels, one that displays realistic spatial structure (without artifact discontinuities) and reproduces the coarse resolution fractions. In this paper, existing approaches for super-resolution mapping are placed within an inverse problem framework, and a geostatistical method is proposed for generating alternative synthetic land cover maps at the fine (target) spatial resolution; these super-resolution realizations are consistent with all the information available. More precisely, indicator coKriging is used to approximate the probability that a pixel at the fine spatial resolution belongs to a particular class, given the coarse resolution fractions and (if available) a sparse set of class labels at some informed fine pixels. Such Kriging-derived probabilities are used in sequential indicator simulation to generate synthetic maps of class labels at the fine resolution pixels. This non-iterative and fast simulation procedure yields alternative super-resolution land cover maps that reproduce: (i) the observed coarse fractions, (ii) the fine resolution class labels that might be available, and (iii) the prior structural information encapsulated in a set of indicator variogram models at the fine resolution. A case study is provided to illustrate the proposed methodology using Landsat TM data from SE China. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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    Ktisis
    Article . 2006
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Remote Sensing of Environment
    Article . 2006 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ktisisarrow_drop_down
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      Article . 2006
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Remote Sensing of Environment
      Article . 2006 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis; Athos Agapiou; K. Themistokleous; Constantia Achilleos; +4 Authors

    WebAir-2 EUREKA project aims to expand the basic air quality modelling technology (web-based client server) developed in E!3266 WebAir project. WebAir-2 will incorporate different technologies such as satellite remote sensing data and ground PM samples for monitoring air pollution and in addition 3G mobile phone technology will be used for personalized health related information, warnings and exposure reports. Emphasis will be given to the development of statistical models for PM against AOT derived from MODIS data. Due to inadequate spatial-temporal coverage of air pollution from existing air pollution stations, MODIS products can assist to this task both spatial and temporal. The statistical AOT model will be cross-validated during satellite overpass based on handheld sun-photometers and daily CIMEL sun-photometer (NASA/AERONET network) measurements. Moreover ground LIDAR measurements for vertical distribution of the aerosols will be carried out. Based on these data, a 3D nested grid Eurelian model CAMx will be used to generate the dynamic boundary conditions for the Cyprus model domain.

    https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-...
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      Part of book or chapter of book . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Athos Agapiou; Vasiliki Lysandrou; Apostolos Sarris; Nikos Papadopoulos; +1 Authors

    The paper investigates the superficial layers of an archaeological landscape based on the integration of various remote sensing techniques. It is well known in the literature that shallow depths may be rich in archeological remains, which generate different signal responses depending on the applied technique. In this study three main technologies are examined, namely ground-penetrating radar (GPR), ground spectroscopy, and multispectral satellite imagery. The study aims to propose a methodology to enhance optical remote sensing satellite images, intended for archaeological research, based on the integration of ground based and satellite datasets. For this task, a regression model between the ground spectroradiometer and GPR is established which is then projected to a high resolution sub-meter optical image. The overall methodology consists of nine steps. Beyond the acquirement of the in-situ measurements and their calibration (Steps 1–3), various regression models are examined for more than 70 different vegetation indices (Steps 4–5). The specific data analysis indicated that the red-edge position (REP) hyperspectral index was the most appropriate for developing a local fusion model between ground spectroscopy data and GPR datasets (Step 6), providing comparable results with the in situ GPR measurements (Step 7). Other vegetation indices, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), have also been examined, providing significant correlation between the two datasets (R = 0.50). The model is then projected to a high-resolution image over the area of interest (Step 8). The proposed methodology was evaluated with a series of field data collected from the Vésztő-Mágor Tell in the eastern part of Hungary. The results were compared with in situ magnetic gradiometry measurements, indicating common interpretation results. The results were also compatible with the preliminary archaeological investigations of the area (Step 9). The overall outcomes document that fusion models between various types of remote sensing datasets frequently used to support archaeological research can further expand the current capabilities and applications for the detection of buried archaeological remains.

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    Geosciences
    Article
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    Ktisis
    Article . 2017
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    Geosciences
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    Authors: D. X. Viegas; L. P. Pita; F. Nielsen; K. Haddad; +5 Authors

    In this paper, a methodology to perform the acoustic characterization of a forest fire event is reported. A review of the influence of fuel type (litter, grass, shrubs, slash), fuel moisture, and weather factors on fire behaviour and on the relative acoustic spectrum has been carried out. Fire produced noise is basically due to periodic fluctuations of whirling structures at the fire’s basis; these structures have natural low frequencies and are inversely proportional to fuel surface. The analysis of fire emission properties has been based upon laboratory and field testing, consisted of the burning of different fuels placed on tables or on field plots. The objectives of the trials have been the evaluation of fire acoustic spectra, with respect to the different fuel types and fire conditions. The frequency content of the acoustic signals has been evaluated; the results obtained have confirmed the main spectrum features reported in literature. Tests have also been made to evaluate the fire radiated heat to fibre optic sensors with cables in open air, buried or inside the flames, in order to characterise sensors behaviour with respect to fire, wind and smoke. The results of the tests have been used in the design phase of a new fire monitoring system made up of acoustic sensors, which is able to detect and track fires from the beginning, and fibre optic sensors, for a capillary monitoring of temperature in forest areas.

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  • Authors: Sophocleous Marios; Julius Georgiou;

    This paper provides an overview of the barriers for the implementation of precision agriculture and the basic structure of a possible automated decision-making system. It further provides a review on the most common sensing principles that can be used for in-situ and real-time soil quality monitoring, as well as an overview of the difficulties for deploying these sensing systems and their electronic interfaces in the harsh soil environment. It reviews existing agricultural circuits and sensing systems designed for agricultural monitoring and their limitations whilst highlighting remaining challenges in order to make automated, decision-making systems for precision agriculture, a reality.

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    Authors: Antonios Chrysargyris; Munoo Prasad; Anna Kavanagh; Nikos Tzortzakis;

    and BTS-fresh wood screening), mainly wood-based materials, were used at 7.5% and 15% (v/v), adding nutrient in two levels (100% and 150% standard fertilizer level-Fert). Biochar affected growing media properties, with increases on pH and changes on the nutrient content levels. Biochar BFW enhanced the emergence of seeds in comparison to the control. Increased fertilizer levels benefited plant yield in BFW and BTS at 7.5%, but not at 15%. Leaf stomatal conductance was reduced at 150% fertilized biochars (BFW + Fert and BTS + Fert) at 7.5%, while total chlorophylls increased at BTS + Fert at 7.5% and 15%. The addition of biochars decreased the antioxidant activity in the plant. Lipid peroxidation in lettuce was increased in most cases with the presence of biochars (BFW, BTS) and 150% fertilization, activating antioxidant (superoxide oxidase and peroxidase) enzymatic metabolisms. The addition of Biochars in the growing media increased the content of nutrients in seedlings, as plants could absorb more available nutrients. Biochar of beech, spruce, and pine species (BFW) at 7.5% was more promising for substituting peat to produce lettuce seedlings. However, examining different species (tomato, leek, impatiens, and geranium) with BFW at 7.5%, the results were not common, and each species needs to be evaluated further. Biochar can be used as an alternative component in growing media, positively affecting plant growth/yield, but also media properties. In the present study, two commercial grade biochars (BFW-forest wood

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    Authors: Chrysoulakis, Nektarios; Themistocleous, Kyriacos; Retalis, Adrianos; Hadjimitsis, Diofantos G.;

    Research indicates that aerosol optical thickness (AOT) values and particulate matter (PM10) measurements can be used as indicators of atmospheric pollution. The problem of relating AOT with suspended particulate matter near the ground is still an open question. While satellite images can provide reliable and synoptic measurements from space, comparisons with monitoring surface level air pollution continues to be a challenge since satellite measurements are column integrated quantities. In this study, in-situ spectroradiometric measurements were taken during satellite overpass using field spectrometers to obtain the reflectance values of the calibration targets used. Sun photometer measurements were taken with the Microtops hand-held sun photometer to measure AOT. Meteorological data was collected from nearby meteorological stations and PM10 measurements were collected from local mobile air pollution stations. Following, the darkest pixel method of atmospheric correction was applied to a series of Landsat satellite images. The reflectance values of the atmospherically-corrected image were used in the radiative transfer equation to solve for AOT. Thematic maps were generated in order to develop air quality indices. The image-derived AOT values were examined for a positive correlation with PM10 measurements. It appears there exists a significant correlation between AOT and PM10 measurements. 2012 SPIE.

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    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.974...
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    Authors: Vionis, Athanasios K.; Papantoniou, Giorgos; Vionis, Athanasios K.; Papantoniou, Giorgos;

    The aim of this contribution is to introduce the topic of this volume and briefly measure the evolution and applicability of central place theory in previous and contemporary archaeological practice and thought [...] 8 2

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    Authors: Kylili, Angeliki; Fokaides, Paris A.; Christou, Petros M.; Kalogirou, Soteris A.;

    Abstract Infrared thermography (IRT) has met an extensive popularity among the non-destructive technologies for building diagnostics, especially with the increasing concerns of energy minimisation and low energy consumption of the building sector. Its popularity for a broad range of applications can be attributed to its non-contact safe nature, its usefulness and effectiveness, as well as the energy and cost savings it can achieve. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art literature and research regarding the passive and active infrared thermography. The fundamentals of IRT are thoroughly explained and the thermographic process for building diagnostics is presented. This work also presents the fields of applicability of IRT with a focus on the building sector, as well as the advantages, limitations and potential sources of errors of IRT employment. Additionally previous non-destructive testing (NDT) studies that employed passive, active pulsed, and active lock-in thermographies for building diagnostics are presented. A review of the thermal image analysis methods and the future trends of thermal imaging are also included in this work. It can be concluded that while IRT is a useful tool for the characterisation of defects in the building sector, there is great prospect for the development of more advanced, effective and accurate approaches that will employ a combination of thermography approaches.

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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Dimitrios BILALIS; Panoraia-Eirini KAMARIARI; Anestis KARKANIS; Aspasia EFTHIMIADOU; +2 Authors

    Maize (Zea mays L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are two important crops in Mediterranean countries. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the differences and similarities in energy flow between conventional and organic tomato and maize crops. Our results indicated that the total energy input in the conventional system was higher than in organic system and for individual crops was 25.90 and 29.34% higher for tomato and maize, respectively, than the organic system. Of the inputs for the different operations, fertilizers consumed the bulk of the energy for all crops. In maize crop, human labour had little impact on total energy use both in organic and conventional system. In addition, seed inputs in maize production had corresponded to 11.44% of the total energy requirement. Concerning the pesticides inputs, there were significant differences between organic and conventional systems. In both crops, the pesticides energy input was higher in conventional production compared to organic system. Moreover, irrigation inputs were 13-23% of the total energy use in the organic system and 12-20% in the conventional system. In both crops, the energy output and energy productivity were also higher in conventional production compared to organic system. Our study shows that the adoption of organic cultural system could reduce energy inputs.

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    Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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      Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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    Authors: Boucher, Alexandre; Kyriakidis, Phaedon;

    Many satellite images have a coarser spatial resolution than the extent of land cover patterns on the ground, leading to mixed pixels whose composite spectral response consists of responses from multiple land cover classes. Spectral unmixing procedures only determine the fractions of such classes within a coarse pixel without locating them in space. Super-resolution or sub-pixel mapping aims at providing a fine resolution map of class labels, one that displays realistic spatial structure (without artifact discontinuities) and reproduces the coarse resolution fractions. In this paper, existing approaches for super-resolution mapping are placed within an inverse problem framework, and a geostatistical method is proposed for generating alternative synthetic land cover maps at the fine (target) spatial resolution; these super-resolution realizations are consistent with all the information available. More precisely, indicator coKriging is used to approximate the probability that a pixel at the fine spatial resolution belongs to a particular class, given the coarse resolution fractions and (if available) a sparse set of class labels at some informed fine pixels. Such Kriging-derived probabilities are used in sequential indicator simulation to generate synthetic maps of class labels at the fine resolution pixels. This non-iterative and fast simulation procedure yields alternative super-resolution land cover maps that reproduce: (i) the observed coarse fractions, (ii) the fine resolution class labels that might be available, and (iii) the prior structural information encapsulated in a set of indicator variogram models at the fine resolution. A case study is provided to illustrate the proposed methodology using Landsat TM data from SE China. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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    Remote Sensing of Environment
    Article . 2006 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis; Athos Agapiou; K. Themistokleous; Constantia Achilleos; +4 Authors

    WebAir-2 EUREKA project aims to expand the basic air quality modelling technology (web-based client server) developed in E!3266 WebAir project. WebAir-2 will incorporate different technologies such as satellite remote sensing data and ground PM samples for monitoring air pollution and in addition 3G mobile phone technology will be used for personalized health related information, warnings and exposure reports. Emphasis will be given to the development of statistical models for PM against AOT derived from MODIS data. Due to inadequate spatial-temporal coverage of air pollution from existing air pollution stations, MODIS products can assist to this task both spatial and temporal. The statistical AOT model will be cross-validated during satellite overpass based on handheld sun-photometers and daily CIMEL sun-photometer (NASA/AERONET network) measurements. Moreover ground LIDAR measurements for vertical distribution of the aerosols will be carried out. Based on these data, a 3D nested grid Eurelian model CAMx will be used to generate the dynamic boundary conditions for the Cyprus model domain.

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    Authors: Athos Agapiou; Vasiliki Lysandrou; Apostolos Sarris; Nikos Papadopoulos; +1 Authors

    The paper investigates the superficial layers of an archaeological landscape based on the integration of various remote sensing techniques. It is well known in the literature that shallow depths may be rich in archeological remains, which generate different signal responses depending on the applied technique. In this study three main technologies are examined, namely ground-penetrating radar (GPR), ground spectroscopy, and multispectral satellite imagery. The study aims to propose a methodology to enhance optical remote sensing satellite images, intended for archaeological research, based on the integration of ground based and satellite datasets. For this task, a regression model between the ground spectroradiometer and GPR is established which is then projected to a high resolution sub-meter optical image. The overall methodology consists of nine steps. Beyond the acquirement of the in-situ measurements and their calibration (Steps 1–3), various regression models are examined for more than 70 different vegetation indices (Steps 4–5). The specific data analysis indicated that the red-edge position (REP) hyperspectral index was the most appropriate for developing a local fusion model between ground spectroscopy data and GPR datasets (Step 6), providing comparable results with the in situ GPR measurements (Step 7). Other vegetation indices, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), have also been examined, providing significant correlation between the two datasets (R = 0.50). The model is then projected to a high-resolution image over the area of interest (Step 8). The proposed methodology was evaluated with a series of field data collected from the Vésztő-Mágor Tell in the eastern part of Hungary. The results were compared with in situ magnetic gradiometry measurements, indicating common interpretation results. The results were also compatible with the preliminary archaeological investigations of the area (Step 9). The overall outcomes document that fusion models between various types of remote sensing datasets frequently used to support archaeological research can further expand the current capabilities and applications for the detection of buried archaeological remains.

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    Authors: D. X. Viegas; L. P. Pita; F. Nielsen; K. Haddad; +5 Authors

    In this paper, a methodology to perform the acoustic characterization of a forest fire event is reported. A review of the influence of fuel type (litter, grass, shrubs, slash), fuel moisture, and weather factors on fire behaviour and on the relative acoustic spectrum has been carried out. Fire produced noise is basically due to periodic fluctuations of whirling structures at the fire’s basis; these structures have natural low frequencies and are inversely proportional to fuel surface. The analysis of fire emission properties has been based upon laboratory and field testing, consisted of the burning of different fuels placed on tables or on field plots. The objectives of the trials have been the evaluation of fire acoustic spectra, with respect to the different fuel types and fire conditions. The frequency content of the acoustic signals has been evaluated; the results obtained have confirmed the main spectrum features reported in literature. Tests have also been made to evaluate the fire radiated heat to fibre optic sensors with cables in open air, buried or inside the flames, in order to characterise sensors behaviour with respect to fire, wind and smoke. The results of the tests have been used in the design phase of a new fire monitoring system made up of acoustic sensors, which is able to detect and track fires from the beginning, and fibre optic sensors, for a capillary monitoring of temperature in forest areas.

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      https://doi.org/10.2495/fiva08...
      Conference object . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Sophocleous Marios; Julius Georgiou;

    This paper provides an overview of the barriers for the implementation of precision agriculture and the basic structure of a possible automated decision-making system. It further provides a review on the most common sensing principles that can be used for in-situ and real-time soil quality monitoring, as well as an overview of the difficulties for deploying these sensing systems and their electronic interfaces in the harsh soil environment. It reviews existing agricultural circuits and sensing systems designed for agricultural monitoring and their limitations whilst highlighting remaining challenges in order to make automated, decision-making systems for precision agriculture, a reality.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Antonios Chrysargyris; Munoo Prasad; Anna Kavanagh; Nikos Tzortzakis;

    and BTS-fresh wood screening), mainly wood-based materials, were used at 7.5% and 15% (v/v), adding nutrient in two levels (100% and 150% standard fertilizer level-Fert). Biochar affected growing media properties, with increases on pH and changes on the nutrient content levels. Biochar BFW enhanced the emergence of seeds in comparison to the control. Increased fertilizer levels benefited plant yield in BFW and BTS at 7.5%, but not at 15%. Leaf stomatal conductance was reduced at 150% fertilized biochars (BFW + Fert and BTS + Fert) at 7.5%, while total chlorophylls increased at BTS + Fert at 7.5% and 15%. The addition of biochars decreased the antioxidant activity in the plant. Lipid peroxidation in lettuce was increased in most cases with the presence of biochars (BFW, BTS) and 150% fertilization, activating antioxidant (superoxide oxidase and peroxidase) enzymatic metabolisms. The addition of Biochars in the growing media increased the content of nutrients in seedlings, as plants could absorb more available nutrients. Biochar of beech, spruce, and pine species (BFW) at 7.5% was more promising for substituting peat to produce lettuce seedlings. However, examining different species (tomato, leek, impatiens, and geranium) with BFW at 7.5%, the results were not common, and each species needs to be evaluated further. Biochar can be used as an alternative component in growing media, positively affecting plant growth/yield, but also media properties. In the present study, two commercial grade biochars (BFW-forest wood

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    Other literature type . Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Article . 2020
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    Article . 2020
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    Article . 2020
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      Other literature type . Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2020
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      Article . 2020
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      Article . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Chrysoulakis, Nektarios; Themistocleous, Kyriacos; Retalis, Adrianos; Hadjimitsis, Diofantos G.;

    Research indicates that aerosol optical thickness (AOT) values and particulate matter (PM10) measurements can be used as indicators of atmospheric pollution. The problem of relating AOT with suspended particulate matter near the ground is still an open question. While satellite images can provide reliable and synoptic measurements from space, comparisons with monitoring surface level air pollution continues to be a challenge since satellite measurements are column integrated quantities. In this study, in-situ spectroradiometric measurements were taken during satellite overpass using field spectrometers to obtain the reflectance values of the calibration targets used. Sun photometer measurements were taken with the Microtops hand-held sun photometer to measure AOT. Meteorological data was collected from nearby meteorological stations and PM10 measurements were collected from local mobile air pollution stations. Following, the darkest pixel method of atmospheric correction was applied to a series of Landsat satellite images. The reflectance values of the atmospherically-corrected image were used in the radiative transfer equation to solve for AOT. Thematic maps were generated in order to develop air quality indices. The image-derived AOT values were examined for a positive correlation with PM10 measurements. It appears there exists a significant correlation between AOT and PM10 measurements. 2012 SPIE.

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    Conference object . 2012
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    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.974...
    Conference object . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      Conference object . 2012
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      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.974...
      Conference object . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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