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  • Rural Digital Europe
  • 2018-2022
  • Open Access
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rokas Vengalis; Gytis Piličiauskas; Karolis Minkevičius; Mantas Valančius; +3 Authors

    In 2020, the construction of a pipeline led to a rescue archaeological excavation at the 130–240 cal AD Roman Iron Age settlement site near Skudeniai. The discovered material from its brief occupation has provided substantial new data on unenclosed settlements in the Late Striated Ware Culture. The distinct posthole accumulations in the surveyed area make it possible to identify building locations and to analyse the settlement’s structure by differentiating between the domestic and economic activity zones. The collection of pottery from Skudeniai’s brief existence provided a better understanding of the differences between the contemporary pottery groups. The first ever application of the petrographic method in the analysis of this culture’s ceramics also yielded important results that led to a new classification system that established distinctions between the three contemporary pottery groups. The archaeobotanical material from Skudeniai is of great importance for understanding the development of agriculture as it is only the second Late Striated Ware Culture archaeobotanical assemblege from a chronologically pure context. The article also analyses issues related to non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy and trade connections. Keywords: Late Striated Ware Culture, unenclosed settlements, pottery, petrography, agriculture. 2020 m. tiesiant magistralinį dujotiekį buvo vykdomi gelbėjamieji archeologiniai tyrimai romėniškojo geležies amžiaus Skudenių gyvenvietėje (Kaišiadorių r.), kuri datuota 130–240 cal AD. Čia aptikta trumpo laikotarpio medžiaga pateikė daug naujų duomenų apie neįtvirtintas Vėlyvosios brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūros gyvenvietes. Tirtame plote aiškiai išsiskiriančios stulpaviečių sankaupos leidžia identifikuoti pastatų vietas, analizuoti gyvenvietės struktūrą, išskiriant gyvenamąsias ir ūkinės veiklos zonas. Trumpo laikotarpio Skudenių keramikos kolekcija padėjo geriau suprasti vienu metu naudotos keramikos grupių skirtumus. Svarbių rezultatų gauta ir pirmą kartą šios kultūros keramikos analizei pritaikius petrografinį metodą. Visa tai leido pateikti ir naują šios kultūros keramikos klasifikaciją, išskiriant vienu metu naudotų trijų grupių keramiką. Žemės ūkio raidos pažinimui labai svarbi archeobotaninė medžiaga – tai tik antra archeobotaninė Vėlyvosios brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūros kolekcija, aptikta chronologiškai nesumišusioje gyvenvietėje. Straipsnyje taip pat nagrinėjami su spalvotąja ir juodąja metalurgija, prekybiniais ryšiais susiję reiškiniai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Vėlyvoji brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūra, neįtvirtintos gyvenvietės, keramika, petrografija, žemdirbystė.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Vilnius University I...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Mozharul ISLAM;

    İklim değişikliği tüm dünyada herkesi kapsayan yaygın bir olgudur. İklimsel özellikler, yeterli tarımsal üretim sağlamak adına üretici hanelerin gelir dengelerini koruması açısından önemlidir. Fakat iklimsel özelliklerdeki değişimler, tarımsal üretimde de değişimlere neden olduklarından üreticilerin gelir düzeylerini ve seviyelerini de etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, küresel iklim değişikliğinin su seviyelerinde nasıl değişiklikler meydana getirdiğini ve bunun sonucunda çalışma alanındaki hanelerin tarımını ve gelir kaynağını nasıl etkilediğini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma da Türkiye'nin Konya ilinin Sarayönü ilçesinde yaşayan çiftçilerin iklim değişikliğine karşı savunmasızlıklarını ve hanelerinin gelir ve yoksulluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak için derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları iklim değişikliğine bağlı su kaynaklarındaki değişimlerin Sarayönü'nün tarım sektörünü olumsuz etkilediğini ve bunun da çiftçi hanelerinin gelir kaynaklarını değiştirdiğini göstermektedir. Çiftçiler yıllardır sulu tarım yapamamakta ve düzgün hasat alamamaktadır. İklim değişikliği tarımsal arazi verimliliğini azalttığından, çiftçiler daha düşük kalite ve daha az mahsul elde ediyor; bu durum hanelerin gelir krizine girmesine neden oluyor. Climate change is already a common phenomenon to people from all walks of life worldwide. Climate characteristics are essential for sufficient agricultural production to keep the income balance of the households of the producers. However, changes in climate characteristics bring changes in agricultural output which consequently affects the income levels of the producers. This study aims to explore how changes in global climate bring changes in water levels, consequently affecting the agriculture and income source of the households of the study area. This study uses an in-depth interview form to interview the farmers living in the Sarayonu district of Konya province in Turkey to explore their vulnerability to climate change and its impacts on their households' income and poverty levels. The study results show that changes in water resources due to climate change impacts negatively affect the agriculture sector of Sarayonu, which alters the income sources of the households of the farmers. As a result, farmers cannot go for irrigated farming for many years and, consequently, do not have a proper harvest. Since climate change impacts reduce agricultural land productivity, farmers get low quality and less crop yield, leading the households into an income crisis.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Derg...arrow_drop_down
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    ADAM AKADEMİ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      ADAM AKADEMİ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Monika Trojanowska;

    In recent years, several biblical gardens were constructed in the harsh climate of Poland. They try to convey spiritual values through the medium of garden art and design. Rarely are they built from scratch with a granted budget; the majority of them represent the effort to revitalize degraded urban space and cultural heritage. In most cases, they are constructed and maintained as a challenge by groups of enthusiasts with no institutional financial help. From the very beginning, they are attracting numerous visitors, individuals, and organized groups to previously neglected spaces. The scope of this paper is to present the phenomenon of their construction, discuss the selected case studies, and try to identify whether their creation is strengthening the resilience of cultural landscapes. cultural heritag, therapeutic landscapes, resilience, biblical gardens, Gdańsk, Poland 1-30 70 1

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Landarrow_drop_down
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    Land
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Land
    Article . 2022
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Land
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Pedro Jiménez-Castillo;

    [ES] Analizaremos algunos rasgos del proceso de transformación económica y social que tuvo lugar en al-Andalus entre los siglos X y XII, en el marco de la «revolución económica» de la Europa plenomedieval, tomando como caso de estudio la región oriental de la península ibérica. El proceso debió de arrancar con un despegue demográfico y con el aumento de la productividad agrícola, en este caso derivado de los progresos técnicos asociados a la llamada «revolución verde» islámica de los siglos VIII al X. El incremento creciente de los beneficios derivados del campo y el interés por aprovecharlos seguramente impulsó la coacción de las élites urbanas sobre las comunidades campesinas para arrebatarles las tierras más rentables. También pudo ocasionar la colonización de áreas rurales menos favorecidas, que hasta ese momento habían permanecido incultas, por parte de esos grupos acomodados que buscaban expandir los cultivos comerciales, así como por familias de campesinos desposeídos de las mejores tierras. Los cambios en el mundo rural influyeron en el crecimiento de las ciudades debido a la inmigración de la población del campo, presionada y desplazada, que se incorporaba como proletariado urbano ante el incremento en la demanda de manufacturas y bienes de consumo por parte de los terratenientes enriquecidos que habitaban esas ciudades. [EN] In this article we will analyse some features of the process of economic and social transformation that took place in al-Andalus between the 10th and 12th centuries, within the framework of the “economic revolution” of European High Middle Ages, taking the eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula as a case study. The process must have started with a demographic boom and with the increase in agricultural productivity, in this case derived from the technical progress associated with the so-called Islamic “green revolution” of the 8th to 10th centuries. The increase in the growing profits of the countryside and the interest in exploiting them had different effects, such as the coercion of urban elites on peasant communities to take away the most profitable land. It also resulted in the colonisation of less favoured rural areas, especially dry lands that had remained uncultivated until then, by those wealthy groups seeking to expand cash crops, as well as by peasant families dispossessed of better land. The changes in the rural world influenced the growth of the cities due to the immigration of the pressured and displaced rural population, which was incorporated as an urban proletariat in the face of the increased demand for manufactured and consumer goods by the wealthy landowners who inhabited these cities. Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto «Almunias medievales en el Mediterráneo: Historia y conservación de los paisajes culturales periurbanos» (PID2019-111508GB-I00), del que es IP el Dr. Julio Navarro (EEA-CSIC). Cofinanciado con fondos FEDER, pertenece al Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I+D+i, Subprograma Estatal de Generación del Conocimiento, del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, convocatoria de 2019 Peer reviewed

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    Al-Qanṭara
    Article . 2022
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    Al-Qanṭara
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Al-Qanṭara
      Article . 2022
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      Al-Qanṭara
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Maria Strzelecka; Monika Sulejewicz-Nowicka;

    The article discusses the activities undertaken in the years 2020–2022 by the Library of the University of Lodz as part of projects including old prints collections from the first half of the 17th century and manuscripts collections from the 15th–18th century. It presents the successive stages of projects to protect and popularize the collections, including: selection of the collection, development, conservation, digitization, popularization and promotion activities. It is an attempt to answer the question about the place and role of cultural heritage in the real and virtual library space, in the academic, local and international community. Artykuł omawia działania podjęte w latach 2020–2022 przez Bibliotekę UŁ w ramach projektów obejmujących zbiory starodruczne z pierwszej połowy XVII wieku i rękopiśmienne z XV–XVIII wieku. Prezentuje kolejne etapy projektów, służące ochronie i popularyzacji zbiorów, a wśród nich: wybór kolekcji, opracowanie, konserwację, digitalizację, działania popularyzatorskie i promocyjne. Jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie o miejsce i rolę dziedzictwa kulturowego w przestrzeni rzeczywistej i wirtualnej biblioteki, w społeczności akademickiej, lokalnej i międzynarodowej.

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    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Librorum
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      Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Librorum
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    Authors: Граматчикова, Н. B.; Gramatchikova,, N.; Khoruzhenko, Т.;

    Цель статьи – выявить сложности, связанные с представлением фольклорного архива в цифровом виде, и наметить перспективы цифровизации материалов. Исследователи фольклора признают значительные затруднения при переходе к новым стандартам фиксации контекста, что показал анализ представленных на сегодняшний день в сети интернет-архивов, фольклорных электронных ресурсов, баз данных и материалов фольклорных лабораторий России. Рассмотрена связь технических процедур по разметке фольклорных текстов с возможностью использовать интерпретационные моменты этой процедуры для восстановления логики программ полевых исследований и контекстных связей собранных данных. Понятие контекста, понимаемого как разнообразные «горизонтальные связи» фольклорного/фольклоризованного текста при его функционировании в пространстве локальной культуры, приобретает все большее значение. Перевод архивных данных в цифровой формат может иметь практическое применение не только для структурного упорядочивания (создания) поисковой системы, размеченной определенными маркерами/тэгами, но и как возможность реконструкции частично утраченного научно-исследовательского контекста. В материалах 1960–2000 гг. восполнить из живого общения с собирателями, участниками экспедиций такой контекст часто не удается в связи с межпоколенческими разрывами традиций в полевой фольклористике. Предложенный вариант представляет собой разработку одного из практических способов применения оцифровки массива полевых материалов для уточнения истории местных научных школ и объединений. Статья содержит обзор и оценку наполнения доступного онлайн-контента нескольких десятков фольклорных архивов различных институций. This article aims to identify the main problems associated with the digitisation of a folklore archive and formulate some prospects of digitising materials. The authors analyse Internet archives, folklore and similar electronic resources, databases, and materials from Russian folklore laboratories. The second part of the article is devoted to the connection of technical procedures for labeling folklore texts with the possibility of using the interpretive techniques of this procedure to restore the logic of field research programmes and the contextual connections of the collected data. The concept of context understood as a variety of “horizontal connections” of a folklore text during its functioning in the space of local culture is becoming increasingly important. The conversion of archival data into a digital format can be of practical use not only as a structural ordering – creating a search engine marked with certain markers / tags, but also as an opportunity to reconstruct a partially lost research context. In the materials from the 1960s–2000s, it is often impossible to make up for context from live communication with specialists and members of expeditions due to intergenerational breaks in tradition that have occurred in Russian folklore studies. This article offers a solution which aims to develop one of the practical ways to use the digitisation of an array of field materials to clarify the history of local research schools and associations. The article contains an overview and assessment of the content of the available online folklore archives. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках Программы развития Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина в соответствии с программой стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет‑2030». The article was submitted on 12.07.2022.

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      Quaestio Rossica
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    Authors: Puspa Mirani Kadir; Yulia Pebriani; Susiyanti Rusyan;

    Proverbs are a local wisdom or folksy wisdom that contains morals or truths that are values embraced by a society. This is in accordance with Foley (1997, 361) who states that proverbs are a remarkable example of describing the relationship between culture, language, and the human mind. This simple contrast research of the analysis will adjust to important variables in the content analysis. The first time that is done is to analyze proverbial data in two languages, namely Sundanese and Japanese, meaning the same based on a cultural point of view to which four content variables will be analyzed. These four variables are the concept of Warnaen, (1987, 5) in facilitating the grouping of proverbial contents. After that, it is continued with an analysis scheme that refers to the prism model developed by Geeraerts in Langlotz's book entitled Idiomatic Creativity. The model illustrates the existence of a metaphorical relationship between the true meaning of a proverb and the language used in the idiom (Langlotz, 2006, 109). Sundanese and Japanese proverbs in the variable content category are closely related to humans as individuals and humans in social life. In addition, Sundanese proverbs found in oral tradition have a deep meaning in a process of human behavior that behaves, while the dominant Japanese proverb tells of a human behavior from the beginning of the event then continued with a result accompanied by a causal relationship. Abstrak Peribahasa merupakan suatu kearifan lokal atau folksy wisdom yang mengandung moral atau kebenaran yang menjadi nilai yang dianut oleh suatu masyarakat. Hal ini sesuai dengan Foley (1997, 361) yang menyatakan bahwa peribahasa (proverb) merupakan contoh yang luar biasa untuk menggambarkan hubungan antara budaya, bahasa, dan pikiran manusia. Penelitian kontrastif analisis yang sederhana ini akan menyesuaikan dengan variabel penting dalam analisis isi. Pertama kali yang dilakukan adalah menganalisis data peribahasa dalam dua bahasa, yaitu Sunda dan Jepang, bermakna sama berdasarkan sudut pandang budaya yang akan dianalisis empat kategori isi. Empat kategori ini merupakan konsep dari Warnaen, (1987, 5) dalam memudahkan pengelompokan isi peribahasa. Setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan skema analisis yang mengacu pada model prisma yang dikembangkan oleh Geeraerts dalam buku Langlotz yang berjudul Idiomatic Creativity. Model tersebut menggambarkan akan adanya hubungan metafora antara makna sesungguhnya suatu peribahasa dengan bahasa yang digunakan dalam idiom tersebut (Langlotz, 2006, 109). Peribahasa Sunda dan Jepang dalam kategori variabel isi sangat berkaitan erat dengan manusia sebagai pribadi dan manusia dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Selain itu, peribahasa Sunda yang ditemukan dalam tradisi lisan memiliki makna yang dalam pada suatu proses manusia itu berperilaku, sedangkan peribahasa Jepang dominan menceritakan sebuah perilaku manusia dari awal kejadian kemudian dilanjutkan dengan hasil yang disertai dengan hubungan sebab akibatnya.

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    Authors: Aninditya Sri Nugraheni; Wiwit Sulistya; Vivin Devi Prahesti;

    The failure of learning literature in schools makes moral damage that is different from the previous generation. This study depicts to provide an analysis of the description of the appropriate literary learning taught to students as education values in educational institutions through the folklore of Sendang Panguripan and the origins of Pesanggrahan Langenharjo in Sukoharjo Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach and uses purposive sampling and snowball sampling in determining the sample. Researcher used three data collection techniques including in-depth interview techniques, direct observation techniques and content analysis techniques. Researcher used triangulation to obtain valid data by using triangulation methods, triangulation of data sources, and review of informants. The data analysis technique used in this study is an interactive model of the analysis technique. This study concludes that the two folk tales have different stories in structure and content, and both have educational values needed by children in learning including religious values (religion), social values, moral values, and cultural values. Abstrak Penelitian ini berusaha memberikan analisis struktur cerita rakyat Sendang Panguripan dan asal-usul Pesanggrahan Langenharjo di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan purposive sampling dan snowball sampling dalam penentuan sample. Peneliti menggunakan tiga teknik pengumpulan data diantaranya teknik wawancara mendalam, teknik pengamatan dan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Peneliti menggunakan triangulasi untuk mendapatkan data yang valid dengan menggunakan triangulasi metode, triangulasi sumber data, dan review informan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis model interaktif (interaktif model of analysis). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kedua cerita rakyat tersebut memiliki cerita yang berbeda secara struktur isi, dan keduanya memiliki nilai edukasi yang dibutuhkan oleh anak dalam pembelajaran diantranya nilai religius (agama), nilai sosial, nilai moral, dan nilai budaya.

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    Authors: Rokas Vengalis; Karolis Minkevičius; Mantas Valančius; Gytis Piličiauskas;

    2020 m. atliekant tyrimus magistralinio dujotiekio vietoje, aptikta ir tirta Kakliniškių 7 gyvenvietė (2 pav.). Archeologiniai pėdsakai čia buvo gana menki – archeologinio sluoksnio beveik neišlikę, aptikti įgilinti objektai koncentravosi vos 10 m skersmens areale. Iš viso užfiksuota 19 objektų, kurių devyni greičiausiai yra gamtinės kilmės (3, 4 pav.; 1 lentelė). Visgi įgilintuose objektuose surinkta gausi ir reprezentatyvi, tik vienam trumpam apgyvenimo etapui priklausančios keramikos kolekcija, archeobotaninė medžiaga (11 pav.; 3 lentelė) ir kiti radiniai (10 pav.) suteikė itin vertingų duomenų, leidžiančių naujai pažvelgti į I tūkstantmečio pr. Kr. kultūrinę situaciją Pietryčių Lietuvoje. Visa keramika priklauso vienam tipui, kurio išskirtinis bruožas – brūkšniuotas paviršius su papildomai užteptu kruopėtumo suteikiančiu sluoksniu. Visų indų formos labai panašios – tai puodai gaubtomis sienelėmis ir nežymiai išreikštais peteliais (5–9 pav.; 2 lentelė). Šis keramikos tipas iki šiol nebuvo išskirtas, o tokios keramikos žinota tik iš kapinynų. Naujai išskirtas keramikos tipas pavadintas Kakliniškių tipu. Kakliniškių tipo keramikos išskyrimas ir požymių apibrėžimas leido tokią keramiką identifikuoti ir kitose Pietryčių Lietuvos ir rytinėse Užnemunės gyvenvietėse. Tai Kakliniškės 6 ir 8, Migūčionys bei Žebertonys 4 ir 5 (12 pav.) tame pačiame mikroregione kaip ir Kakliniškės 7; Kernavė ir Ardiškis 2 (13 pav.) prie Neries; Vilūnai 5 Kruonio apylinkėse; Alytus ir Panemuninkai 3 prie Nemuno; Skituriai 2 rytinėje Užnemunės dalyje (1 pav.). Skirtingose gyvenvietėse gautų 14C datų modeliavimas leido Kakliniškių tipo keramikos datavimą apibrėžti maždaug 410–320 cal BC (15 pav.; 4, 5 lentelės). Kakliniškių tipo keramikos aptikta ir kapinynuose. Urnų kruopėtu paviršiumi, priskirtinų Kakliniškių tipui, buvo visuose trijuose tyrinėtuose Užnemunės ir Rytų Lietuvos I tūkstantmečio pr. Kr. laidojimo paminkluose – Kernavėje, Semeniškiuose ir Paveisininkuose (14 pav.). Visose gyvenvietėse, kuriose aptikta Kakliniškių tipo keramikos, IV a. pr. Kr. atstovauja labai menkos archeologinės liekanos, paplitusios nedideliame areale. Tai leidžia kelti hipotezę, kad gyvenvietės buvo neįtvirtintos, išsklaidyto tipo, sodybos nutolusios viena nuo kitos ir vienoje vietoje ilgai nestovėjusios, dažnai perkeliamos į naują vietą. Šiais požymiais gyvenvietės su Kakliniškių tipo keramika labai skiriasi tiek nuo ankstesnių, ankstyvosios brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūros, tiek ir nuo vėlyvesnių, vėlyvosios brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūros, gyvenviečių, kurioms būdingi stori archeologiniai sluoksniai su dideliu kiekiu radinių, o dominuojantis gyvenviečių tipas – įtvirtintos gyvenvietės. Tokie skirtumai leidžia kelti hipotezę, kad jie galėjo būti nulemti svarbių skirtingų šiose gyvenviečių grupėse praktikuotų ūkio modelių. Apie priešromėniškojo geležies amžiaus žemdirbystę Lietuvoje iki šiol duomenų beveik neturėjome. Todėl nauja gausi medžiaga iš gerai išlikusių ir patikimai datuotų kontekstų Kakliniškių 7 gyvenvietėje šiuo atžvilgiu suteikė itin reikšmingos informacijos. Čia surinkta kultūrinių augalų liekanų kolekcija leidžia įžvelgti tam tikrus skirtumus nuo Lietuvos vėlyvojo bronzos amžiaus įtvirtintų gyvenviečių medžiagos. Svarbiausiu skirtumu galima įvardyti mažą sorų skaičių – tuo ši kolekcija artima tirtoms romėniškojo laikotarpio gyvenvietėms. Minėtas gyvenviečių su Kakliniškių tipo keramika sodybų trumpalaikiškumas leidžia kelti hipotezę apie praktikuotą ekstensyvios formos žemdirbystę. Vis dėlto tokio spėjimo pagrindimas lieka ateities tyrimų uždavinys. Straipsnyje pristatyti duomenys paneigia literatūroje besikartojančius teiginius, kad kultūrinė situacija visoje Rytų Lietuvoje ištisą I tūkstantmetį pr. Kr. buvo labai statiška, nekito nei materialinė kultūra, nei socialinė santvarka, apgyvenimo sistema ar kiti kultūriniai bruožai. Šiandien galima konstatuoti, kad regiono negalima laikyti homogeniška nei geografiniu, nei chronologiniu lygmenimis. Nauji archeologiniai duomenys rodo, kad ankstyvoji brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūra, kuriai neabejotinai atstovauja tik apie 800–400 m. pr. Kr. datuotos Šiaurės rytų Lietuvos, Pietryčių Latvijos ir Šiaurės vakarų Baltarusijos įtvirtintos gyvenvietės, nepagrįstai buvo apibrėžiama gerokai platesniu regionu ir chronologiniu laikotarpiu. Panašu, kad gyvenvietės su Kakliniškių tipo keramika atstovauja kitoms nei minėtos kultūros tradicijoms ir rodo, kad bent jau Pietryčių Lietuvoje I tūkstantmečio pr. Kr. kultūrinė raida buvo kur kas dinamiškesnė, nei iki šiol manyta. The article presents the data from Kakliniškės 7 settlement site, discovered and excavated in 2020 during the construction of the gas pipeline. The rich and representative collection of pottery and archaeobotanical material gathered in the site have provided valuable data on the hitherto unknown 4th century BC in Lithuania. Pottery such as that found at Kakliniškės 7 has not previously been identified, and is therefore referred to here as Kakliniškės Ware. These are pots with slightly curved walls, rounded shoulders and vertical rims, featuring a striated surface topped with an additional coarse layer. The defined attributes of this new type of pottery have allowed the identification of the same ware in other settlement and burial sites in southeastern Lithuania and the Trans-Nemunas region. All of these settlement sites share some common features; most likely they are the sites of short-lived farmsteads belonging to highly dispersed settlements. Such data allow us to hypothesise a hitherto unidentified cultural group that briefly spread in southern Lithuania in the 4th century BC. This challenges the prevailing model of a static cultural development and a homogeneous material culture in the 1st millennium BC in all of eastern Lithuania. Our data show that the cultural situation here was much more dynamic than previously thought. Keywords: The Earliest Iron Age, pottery, unenclosed settlements, agriculture.

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    Authors: D.N. Tebenkova; D.V. Gichan; Yu.N. Gagarin;

    The paper provides a review of Russian and foreign articles regarding studying the impact of silvicultural practices on the soil carbon pool to assess the effectiveness of forest carbon projects. Analyzing the works allowed us to conclude that silvicultural practices affect the content of soil carbon through a change in the rate of influx and decomposition of organic matter and, as a result, affect the redistribution of carbon in the soil profile. High-intensity felling, including clear felling, removal of logging residues, damage to the ground cover when planting forest crops, and the development of monocultures can negatively affect the soil carbon pool. On the contrary, selective and low-intensity thinning, leaving logging residues, and planting mixed forest stands, especially on abandoned agricultural lands, proved to be promising forest management practices that contribute to the accumulation and conservation of soil carbon.

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    Authors: Rokas Vengalis; Gytis Piličiauskas; Karolis Minkevičius; Mantas Valančius; +3 Authors

    In 2020, the construction of a pipeline led to a rescue archaeological excavation at the 130–240 cal AD Roman Iron Age settlement site near Skudeniai. The discovered material from its brief occupation has provided substantial new data on unenclosed settlements in the Late Striated Ware Culture. The distinct posthole accumulations in the surveyed area make it possible to identify building locations and to analyse the settlement’s structure by differentiating between the domestic and economic activity zones. The collection of pottery from Skudeniai’s brief existence provided a better understanding of the differences between the contemporary pottery groups. The first ever application of the petrographic method in the analysis of this culture’s ceramics also yielded important results that led to a new classification system that established distinctions between the three contemporary pottery groups. The archaeobotanical material from Skudeniai is of great importance for understanding the development of agriculture as it is only the second Late Striated Ware Culture archaeobotanical assemblege from a chronologically pure context. The article also analyses issues related to non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy and trade connections. Keywords: Late Striated Ware Culture, unenclosed settlements, pottery, petrography, agriculture. 2020 m. tiesiant magistralinį dujotiekį buvo vykdomi gelbėjamieji archeologiniai tyrimai romėniškojo geležies amžiaus Skudenių gyvenvietėje (Kaišiadorių r.), kuri datuota 130–240 cal AD. Čia aptikta trumpo laikotarpio medžiaga pateikė daug naujų duomenų apie neįtvirtintas Vėlyvosios brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūros gyvenvietes. Tirtame plote aiškiai išsiskiriančios stulpaviečių sankaupos leidžia identifikuoti pastatų vietas, analizuoti gyvenvietės struktūrą, išskiriant gyvenamąsias ir ūkinės veiklos zonas. Trumpo laikotarpio Skudenių keramikos kolekcija padėjo geriau suprasti vienu metu naudotos keramikos grupių skirtumus. Svarbių rezultatų gauta ir pirmą kartą šios kultūros keramikos analizei pritaikius petrografinį metodą. Visa tai leido pateikti ir naują šios kultūros keramikos klasifikaciją, išskiriant vienu metu naudotų trijų grupių keramiką. Žemės ūkio raidos pažinimui labai svarbi archeobotaninė medžiaga – tai tik antra archeobotaninė Vėlyvosios brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūros kolekcija, aptikta chronologiškai nesumišusioje gyvenvietėje. Straipsnyje taip pat nagrinėjami su spalvotąja ir juodąja metalurgija, prekybiniais ryšiais susiję reiškiniai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Vėlyvoji brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūra, neįtvirtintos gyvenvietės, keramika, petrografija, žemdirbystė.

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    Authors: Mozharul ISLAM;

    İklim değişikliği tüm dünyada herkesi kapsayan yaygın bir olgudur. İklimsel özellikler, yeterli tarımsal üretim sağlamak adına üretici hanelerin gelir dengelerini koruması açısından önemlidir. Fakat iklimsel özelliklerdeki değişimler, tarımsal üretimde de değişimlere neden olduklarından üreticilerin gelir düzeylerini ve seviyelerini de etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, küresel iklim değişikliğinin su seviyelerinde nasıl değişiklikler meydana getirdiğini ve bunun sonucunda çalışma alanındaki hanelerin tarımını ve gelir kaynağını nasıl etkilediğini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma da Türkiye'nin Konya ilinin Sarayönü ilçesinde yaşayan çiftçilerin iklim değişikliğine karşı savunmasızlıklarını ve hanelerinin gelir ve yoksulluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak için derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları iklim değişikliğine bağlı su kaynaklarındaki değişimlerin Sarayönü'nün tarım sektörünü olumsuz etkilediğini ve bunun da çiftçi hanelerinin gelir kaynaklarını değiştirdiğini göstermektedir. Çiftçiler yıllardır sulu tarım yapamamakta ve düzgün hasat alamamaktadır. İklim değişikliği tarımsal arazi verimliliğini azalttığından, çiftçiler daha düşük kalite ve daha az mahsul elde ediyor; bu durum hanelerin gelir krizine girmesine neden oluyor. Climate change is already a common phenomenon to people from all walks of life worldwide. Climate characteristics are essential for sufficient agricultural production to keep the income balance of the households of the producers. However, changes in climate characteristics bring changes in agricultural output which consequently affects the income levels of the producers. This study aims to explore how changes in global climate bring changes in water levels, consequently affecting the agriculture and income source of the households of the study area. This study uses an in-depth interview form to interview the farmers living in the Sarayonu district of Konya province in Turkey to explore their vulnerability to climate change and its impacts on their households' income and poverty levels. The study results show that changes in water resources due to climate change impacts negatively affect the agriculture sector of Sarayonu, which alters the income sources of the households of the farmers. As a result, farmers cannot go for irrigated farming for many years and, consequently, do not have a proper harvest. Since climate change impacts reduce agricultural land productivity, farmers get low quality and less crop yield, leading the households into an income crisis.

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    ADAM AKADEMİ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
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      ADAM AKADEMİ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
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    Authors: Monika Trojanowska;

    In recent years, several biblical gardens were constructed in the harsh climate of Poland. They try to convey spiritual values through the medium of garden art and design. Rarely are they built from scratch with a granted budget; the majority of them represent the effort to revitalize degraded urban space and cultural heritage. In most cases, they are constructed and maintained as a challenge by groups of enthusiasts with no institutional financial help. From the very beginning, they are attracting numerous visitors, individuals, and organized groups to previously neglected spaces. The scope of this paper is to present the phenomenon of their construction, discuss the selected case studies, and try to identify whether their creation is strengthening the resilience of cultural landscapes. cultural heritag, therapeutic landscapes, resilience, biblical gardens, Gdańsk, Poland 1-30 70 1

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    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Pedro Jiménez-Castillo;

    [ES] Analizaremos algunos rasgos del proceso de transformación económica y social que tuvo lugar en al-Andalus entre los siglos X y XII, en el marco de la «revolución económica» de la Europa plenomedieval, tomando como caso de estudio la región oriental de la península ibérica. El proceso debió de arrancar con un despegue demográfico y con el aumento de la productividad agrícola, en este caso derivado de los progresos técnicos asociados a la llamada «revolución verde» islámica de los siglos VIII al X. El incremento creciente de los beneficios derivados del campo y el interés por aprovecharlos seguramente impulsó la coacción de las élites urbanas sobre las comunidades campesinas para arrebatarles las tierras más rentables. También pudo ocasionar la colonización de áreas rurales menos favorecidas, que hasta ese momento habían permanecido incultas, por parte de esos grupos acomodados que buscaban expandir los cultivos comerciales, así como por familias de campesinos desposeídos de las mejores tierras. Los cambios en el mundo rural influyeron en el crecimiento de las ciudades debido a la inmigración de la población del campo, presionada y desplazada, que se incorporaba como proletariado urbano ante el incremento en la demanda de manufacturas y bienes de consumo por parte de los terratenientes enriquecidos que habitaban esas ciudades. [EN] In this article we will analyse some features of the process of economic and social transformation that took place in al-Andalus between the 10th and 12th centuries, within the framework of the “economic revolution” of European High Middle Ages, taking the eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula as a case study. The process must have started with a demographic boom and with the increase in agricultural productivity, in this case derived from the technical progress associated with the so-called Islamic “green revolution” of the 8th to 10th centuries. The increase in the growing profits of the countryside and the interest in exploiting them had different effects, such as the coercion of urban elites on peasant communities to take away the most profitable land. It also resulted in the colonisation of less favoured rural areas, especially dry lands that had remained uncultivated until then, by those wealthy groups seeking to expand cash crops, as well as by peasant families dispossessed of better land. The changes in the rural world influenced the growth of the cities due to the immigration of the pressured and displaced rural population, which was incorporated as an urban proletariat in the face of the increased demand for manufactured and consumer goods by the wealthy landowners who inhabited these cities. Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto «Almunias medievales en el Mediterráneo: Historia y conservación de los paisajes culturales periurbanos» (PID2019-111508GB-I00), del que es IP el Dr. Julio Navarro (EEA-CSIC). Cofinanciado con fondos FEDER, pertenece al Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I+D+i, Subprograma Estatal de Generación del Conocimiento, del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, convocatoria de 2019 Peer reviewed

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    Al-Qanṭara
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    Al-Qanṭara
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Al-Qanṭara
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      Al-Qanṭara
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    Authors: Maria Strzelecka; Monika Sulejewicz-Nowicka;

    The article discusses the activities undertaken in the years 2020–2022 by the Library of the University of Lodz as part of projects including old prints collections from the first half of the 17th century and manuscripts collections from the 15th–18th century. It presents the successive stages of projects to protect and popularize the collections, including: selection of the collection, development, conservation, digitization, popularization and promotion activities. It is an attempt to answer the question about the place and role of cultural heritage in the real and virtual library space, in the academic, local and international community. Artykuł omawia działania podjęte w latach 2020–2022 przez Bibliotekę UŁ w ramach projektów obejmujących zbiory starodruczne z pierwszej połowy XVII wieku i rękopiśmienne z XV–XVIII wieku. Prezentuje kolejne etapy projektów, służące ochronie i popularyzacji zbiorów, a wśród nich: wybór kolekcji, opracowanie, konserwację, digitalizację, działania popularyzatorskie i promocyjne. Jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie o miejsce i rolę dziedzictwa kulturowego w przestrzeni rzeczywistej i wirtualnej biblioteki, w społeczności akademickiej, lokalnej i międzynarodowej.

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    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Librorum
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      Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Librorum
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    Authors: Граматчикова, Н. B.; Gramatchikova,, N.; Khoruzhenko, Т.;

    Цель статьи – выявить сложности, связанные с представлением фольклорного архива в цифровом виде, и наметить перспективы цифровизации материалов. Исследователи фольклора признают значительные затруднения при переходе к новым стандартам фиксации контекста, что показал анализ представленных на сегодняшний день в сети интернет-архивов, фольклорных электронных ресурсов, баз данных и материалов фольклорных лабораторий России. Рассмотрена связь технических процедур по разметке фольклорных текстов с возможностью использовать интерпретационные моменты этой процедуры для восстановления логики программ полевых исследований и контекстных связей собранных данных. Понятие контекста, понимаемого как разнообразные «горизонтальные связи» фольклорного/фольклоризованного текста при его функционировании в пространстве локальной культуры, приобретает все большее значение. Перевод архивных данных в цифровой формат может иметь практическое применение не только для структурного упорядочивания (создания) поисковой системы, размеченной определенными маркерами/тэгами, но и как возможность реконструкции частично утраченного научно-исследовательского контекста. В материалах 1960–2000 гг. восполнить из живого общения с собирателями, участниками экспедиций такой контекст часто не удается в связи с межпоколенческими разрывами традиций в полевой фольклористике. Предложенный вариант представляет собой разработку одного из практических способов применения оцифровки массива полевых материалов для уточнения истории местных научных школ и объединений. Статья содержит обзор и оценку наполнения доступного онлайн-контента нескольких десятков фольклорных архивов различных институций. This article aims to identify the main problems associated with the digitisation of a folklore archive and formulate some prospects of digitising materials. The authors analyse Internet archives, folklore and similar electronic resources, databases, and materials from Russian folklore laboratories. The second part of the article is devoted to the connection of technical procedures for labeling folklore texts with the possibility of using the interpretive techniques of this procedure to restore the logic of field research programmes and the contextual connections of the collected data. The concept of context understood as a variety of “horizontal connections” of a folklore text during its functioning in the space of local culture is becoming increasingly important. The conversion of archival data into a digital format can be of practical use not only as a structural ordering – creating a search engine marked with certain markers / tags, but also as an opportunity to reconstruct a partially lost research context. In the materials from the 1960s–2000s, it is often impossible to make up for context from live communication with specialists and members of expeditions due to intergenerational breaks in tradition that have occurred in Russian folklore studies. This article offers a solution which aims to develop one of the practical ways to use the digitisation of an array of field materials to clarify the history of local research schools and associations. The article contains an overview and assessment of the content of the available online folklore archives. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках Программы развития Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина в соответствии с программой стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет‑2030». The article was submitted on 12.07.2022.

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      Quaestio Rossica
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    Authors: Puspa Mirani Kadir; Yulia Pebriani; Susiyanti Rusyan;

    Proverbs are a local wisdom or folksy wisdom that contains morals or truths that are values embraced by a society. This is in accordance with Foley (1997, 361) who states that proverbs are a remarkable example of describing the relationship between culture, language, and the human mind. This simple contrast research of the analysis will adjust to important variables in the content analysis. The first time that is done is to analyze proverbial data in two languages, namely Sundanese and Japanese, meaning the same based on a cultural point of view to which four content variables will be analyzed. These four variables are the concept of Warnaen, (1987, 5) in facilitating the grouping of proverbial contents. After that, it is continued with an analysis scheme that refers to the prism model developed by Geeraerts in Langlotz's book entitled Idiomatic Creativity. The model illustrates the existence of a metaphorical relationship between the true meaning of a proverb and the language used in the idiom (Langlotz, 2006, 109). Sundanese and Japanese proverbs in the variable content category are closely related to humans as individuals and humans in social life. In addition, Sundanese proverbs found in oral tradition have a deep meaning in a process of human behavior that behaves, while the dominant Japanese proverb tells of a human behavior from the beginning of the event then continued with a result accompanied by a causal relationship. Abstrak Peribahasa merupakan suatu kearifan lokal atau folksy wisdom yang mengandung moral atau kebenaran yang menjadi nilai yang dianut oleh suatu masyarakat. Hal ini sesuai dengan Foley (1997, 361) yang menyatakan bahwa peribahasa (proverb) merupakan contoh yang luar biasa untuk menggambarkan hubungan antara budaya, bahasa, dan pikiran manusia. Penelitian kontrastif analisis yang sederhana ini akan menyesuaikan dengan variabel penting dalam analisis isi. Pertama kali yang dilakukan adalah menganalisis data peribahasa dalam dua bahasa, yaitu Sunda dan Jepang, bermakna sama berdasarkan sudut pandang budaya yang akan dianalisis empat kategori isi. Empat kategori ini merupakan konsep dari Warnaen, (1987, 5) dalam memudahkan pengelompokan isi peribahasa. Setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan skema analisis yang mengacu pada model prisma yang dikembangkan oleh Geeraerts dalam buku Langlotz yang berjudul Idiomatic Creativity. Model tersebut menggambarkan akan adanya hubungan metafora antara makna sesungguhnya suatu peribahasa dengan bahasa yang digunakan dalam idiom tersebut (Langlotz, 2006, 109). Peribahasa Sunda dan Jepang dalam kategori variabel isi sangat berkaitan erat dengan manusia sebagai pribadi dan manusia dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Selain itu, peribahasa Sunda yang ditemukan dalam tradisi lisan memiliki makna yang dalam pada suatu proses manusia itu berperilaku, sedangkan peribahasa Jepang dominan menceritakan sebuah perilaku manusia dari awal kejadian kemudian dilanjutkan dengan hasil yang disertai dengan hubungan sebab akibatnya.

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    Authors: Aninditya Sri Nugraheni; Wiwit Sulistya; Vivin Devi Prahesti;

    The failure of learning literature in schools makes moral damage that is different from the previous generation. This study depicts to provide an analysis of the description of the appropriate literary learning taught to students as education values in educational institutions through the folklore of Sendang Panguripan and the origins of Pesanggrahan Langenharjo in Sukoharjo Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach and uses purposive sampling and snowball sampling in determining the sample. Researcher used three data collection techniques including in-depth interview techniques, direct observation techniques and content analysis techniques. Researcher used triangulation to obtain valid data by using triangulation methods, triangulation of data sources, and review of informants. The data analysis technique used in this study is an interactive model of the analysis technique. This study concludes that the two folk tales have different stories in structure and content, and both have educational values needed by children in learning including religious values (religion), social values, moral values, and cultural values. Abstrak Penelitian ini berusaha memberikan analisis struktur cerita rakyat Sendang Panguripan dan asal-usul Pesanggrahan Langenharjo di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan purposive sampling dan snowball sampling dalam penentuan sample. Peneliti menggunakan tiga teknik pengumpulan data diantaranya teknik wawancara mendalam, teknik pengamatan dan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Peneliti menggunakan triangulasi untuk mendapatkan data yang valid dengan menggunakan triangulasi metode, triangulasi sumber data, dan review informan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis model interaktif (interaktif model of analysis). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kedua cerita rakyat tersebut memiliki cerita yang berbeda secara struktur isi, dan keduanya memiliki nilai edukasi yang dibutuhkan oleh anak dalam pembelajaran diantranya nilai religius (agama), nilai sosial, nilai moral, dan nilai budaya.

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    Authors: Rokas Vengalis; Karolis Minkevičius; Mantas Valančius; Gytis Piličiauskas;

    2020 m. atliekant tyrimus magistralinio dujotiekio vietoje, aptikta ir tirta Kakliniškių 7 gyvenvietė (2 pav.). Archeologiniai pėdsakai čia buvo gana menki – archeologinio sluoksnio beveik neišlikę, aptikti įgilinti objektai koncentravosi vos 10 m skersmens areale. Iš viso užfiksuota 19 objektų, kurių devyni greičiausiai yra gamtinės kilmės (3, 4 pav.; 1 lentelė). Visgi įgilintuose objektuose surinkta gausi ir reprezentatyvi, tik vienam trumpam apgyvenimo etapui priklausančios keramikos kolekcija, archeobotaninė medžiaga (11 pav.; 3 lentelė) ir kiti radiniai (10 pav.) suteikė itin vertingų duomenų, leidžiančių naujai pažvelgti į I tūkstantmečio pr. Kr. kultūrinę situaciją Pietryčių Lietuvoje. Visa keramika priklauso vienam tipui, kurio išskirtinis bruožas – brūkšniuotas paviršius su papildomai užteptu kruopėtumo suteikiančiu sluoksniu. Visų indų formos labai panašios – tai puodai gaubtomis sienelėmis ir nežymiai išreikštais peteliais (5–9 pav.; 2 lentelė). Šis keramikos tipas iki šiol nebuvo išskirtas, o tokios keramikos žinota tik iš kapinynų. Naujai išskirtas keramikos tipas pavadintas Kakliniškių tipu. Kakliniškių tipo keramikos išskyrimas ir požymių apibrėžimas leido tokią keramiką identifikuoti ir kitose Pietryčių Lietuvos ir rytinėse Užnemunės gyvenvietėse. Tai Kakliniškės 6 ir 8, Migūčionys bei Žebertonys 4 ir 5 (12 pav.) tame pačiame mikroregione kaip ir Kakliniškės 7; Kernavė ir Ardiškis 2 (13 pav.) prie Neries; Vilūnai 5 Kruonio apylinkėse; Alytus ir Panemuninkai 3 prie Nemuno; Skituriai 2 rytinėje Užnemunės dalyje (1 pav.). Skirtingose gyvenvietėse gautų 14C datų modeliavimas leido Kakliniškių tipo keramikos datavimą apibrėžti maždaug 410–320 cal BC (15 pav.; 4, 5 lentelės). Kakliniškių tipo keramikos aptikta ir kapinynuose. Urnų kruopėtu paviršiumi, priskirtinų Kakliniškių tipui, buvo visuose trijuose tyrinėtuose Užnemunės ir Rytų Lietuvos I tūkstantmečio pr. Kr. laidojimo paminkluose – Kernavėje, Semeniškiuose ir Paveisininkuose (14 pav.). Visose gyvenvietėse, kuriose aptikta Kakliniškių tipo keramikos, IV a. pr. Kr. atstovauja labai menkos archeologinės liekanos, paplitusios nedideliame areale. Tai leidžia kelti hipotezę, kad gyvenvietės buvo neįtvirtintos, išsklaidyto tipo, sodybos nutolusios viena nuo kitos ir vienoje vietoje ilgai nestovėjusios, dažnai perkeliamos į naują vietą. Šiais požymiais gyvenvietės su Kakliniškių tipo keramika labai skiriasi tiek nuo ankstesnių, ankstyvosios brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūros, tiek ir nuo vėlyvesnių, vėlyvosios brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūros, gyvenviečių, kurioms būdingi stori archeologiniai sluoksniai su dideliu kiekiu radinių, o dominuojantis gyvenviečių tipas – įtvirtintos gyvenvietės. Tokie skirtumai leidžia kelti hipotezę, kad jie galėjo būti nulemti svarbių skirtingų šiose gyvenviečių grupėse praktikuotų ūkio modelių. Apie priešromėniškojo geležies amžiaus žemdirbystę Lietuvoje iki šiol duomenų beveik neturėjome. Todėl nauja gausi medžiaga iš gerai išlikusių ir patikimai datuotų kontekstų Kakliniškių 7 gyvenvietėje šiuo atžvilgiu suteikė itin reikšmingos informacijos. Čia surinkta kultūrinių augalų liekanų kolekcija leidžia įžvelgti tam tikrus skirtumus nuo Lietuvos vėlyvojo bronzos amžiaus įtvirtintų gyvenviečių medžiagos. Svarbiausiu skirtumu galima įvardyti mažą sorų skaičių – tuo ši kolekcija artima tirtoms romėniškojo laikotarpio gyvenvietėms. Minėtas gyvenviečių su Kakliniškių tipo keramika sodybų trumpalaikiškumas leidžia kelti hipotezę apie praktikuotą ekstensyvios formos žemdirbystę. Vis dėlto tokio spėjimo pagrindimas lieka ateities tyrimų uždavinys. Straipsnyje pristatyti duomenys paneigia literatūroje besikartojančius teiginius, kad kultūrinė situacija visoje Rytų Lietuvoje ištisą I tūkstantmetį pr. Kr. buvo labai statiška, nekito nei materialinė kultūra, nei socialinė santvarka, apgyvenimo sistema ar kiti kultūriniai bruožai. Šiandien galima konstatuoti, kad regiono negalima laikyti homogeniška nei geografiniu, nei chronologiniu lygmenimis. Nauji archeologiniai duomenys rodo, kad ankstyvoji brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūra, kuriai neabejotinai atstovauja tik apie 800–400 m. pr. Kr. datuotos Šiaurės rytų Lietuvos, Pietryčių Latvijos ir Šiaurės vakarų Baltarusijos įtvirtintos gyvenvietės, nepagrįstai buvo apibrėžiama gerokai platesniu regionu ir chronologiniu laikotarpiu. Panašu, kad gyvenvietės su Kakliniškių tipo keramika atstovauja kitoms nei minėtos kultūros tradicijoms ir rodo, kad bent jau Pietryčių Lietuvoje I tūkstantmečio pr. Kr. kultūrinė raida buvo kur kas dinamiškesnė, nei iki šiol manyta. The article presents the data from Kakliniškės 7 settlement site, discovered and excavated in 2020 during the construction of the gas pipeline. The rich and representative collection of pottery and archaeobotanical material gathered in the site have provided valuable data on the hitherto unknown 4th century BC in Lithuania. Pottery such as that found at Kakliniškės 7 has not previously been identified, and is therefore referred to here as Kakliniškės Ware. These are pots with slightly curved walls, rounded shoulders and vertical rims, featuring a striated surface topped with an additional coarse layer. The defined attributes of this new type of pottery have allowed the identification of the same ware in other settlement and burial sites in southeastern Lithuania and the Trans-Nemunas region. All of these settlement sites share some common features; most likely they are the sites of short-lived farmsteads belonging to highly dispersed settlements. Such data allow us to hypothesise a hitherto unidentified cultural group that briefly spread in southern Lithuania in the 4th century BC. This challenges the prevailing model of a static cultural development and a homogeneous material culture in the 1st millennium BC in all of eastern Lithuania. Our data show that the cultural situation here was much more dynamic than previously thought. Keywords: The Earliest Iron Age, pottery, unenclosed settlements, agriculture.

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    Authors: D.N. Tebenkova; D.V. Gichan; Yu.N. Gagarin;

    The paper provides a review of Russian and foreign articles regarding studying the impact of silvicultural practices on the soil carbon pool to assess the effectiveness of forest carbon projects. Analyzing the works allowed us to conclude that silvicultural practices affect the content of soil carbon through a change in the rate of influx and decomposition of organic matter and, as a result, affect the redistribution of carbon in the soil profile. High-intensity felling, including clear felling, removal of logging residues, damage to the ground cover when planting forest crops, and the development of monocultures can negatively affect the soil carbon pool. On the contrary, selective and low-intensity thinning, leaving logging residues, and planting mixed forest stands, especially on abandoned agricultural lands, proved to be promising forest management practices that contribute to the accumulation and conservation of soil carbon.

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    Forest science issues
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    Forest science issues
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Forest science issues
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      Forest science issues
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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