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Ethnobotanical and ethnomedical knowledge of the Malays could be known either through oral sources or documented sources. The traditional sources of Malay medicine are useful for traditional and modern pharmaceuticals development in Malaysia and for conservation of biodiversity. This study aims to extract and categorise the ethnobotanical and ethnomedical contents documented in the medical chapter of Tajul Muluk, in the Malay ancient text. Transliteration and data extraction were carried out in order to identify and classify the information in the text. The manuscript has 292 medical interventions for 56 different diseases such as cough, fever, and mental health issues. There are descriptions available for different medical formulations using 209 plant-based materials, 12 animal-based materials and 40 other types. Many of the name and use of the materials are now rare or not well-known in modern today’s society. Medical descriptions listed in Tajul Muluk will be a documented proof of herbs used by local Malay population utilised as ethnobotanical and ethnomedical resources. Hence retrieving useful ancient documental knowledge should be explored in finding useful cures and alternatives therapeutics for various diseases.

Wild and underutilized vegetables are important sources of food, nutrition, and income for rural communities and indigenous people. Cultivation of high-yielding hybrid varieties, change in food habits, climate change and over-harvesting have resulted in genetic erosion of these vegetables. In addition to this, their availability, distribution and uses are poorly documented. This study aims to document the wild, neglected, and underutilized vegetable species in Jaimini Municipality of Baglung District, Western Nepal. Complete information on wild and underutilized vegetables were collected using semi-structured interviews, guided field walks, and field observation. We recorded 64 species of wild and underutilized vegetables belonging to 27 different families in the study area. Leaf was the most used plant part (26 species) and majority of the plants species were herbs (33 species). Most of these vegetables were consumed in rainy and summer seasons and their availability decreased during winter season. Knowledge regarding their utilization, cultivation, and conservation were also gradually disappearing. Therefore, consumer awareness, evaluation of their nutritional value, and promotion for their commercial use should be emphasized for the inclusion of these vegetable species in our daily diet.

Urban green spaces (public gardens, parks, urban and peri-urban forests) offer multiple-use opportunities and spaces for recreational activities and played a key role in supporting mental and physical health of dwellers during covid-19 pandemic, being ones of few places where outdoor and social activities where allowed. This study was conducted in Brașov city (also known as Kronstadt, by its German name), the second largest metropolitan area of Romania and surrounded by a significant area of peri-urban forests in Transylvania. Brașov city own just 5.62 sqm of urban green space/inhabitant, one of the lowest in the country, so the presence of a large peri-urban forest area become very valuable for locals and tourists visiting the area. Due to its importance and because understanding visitors' expectations and perceptions is a key element to support decision-makers and ensure proper management of these forests, the Brașov’s forests administrator (Kronstadt Local Public Forest District – RPLPK) decided to investigate how dwellers generally interact with the peri-urban forests and to identify opportunities for improving the capacity of forests in providing social and recreational services. Data were collected through the administration of CAWI (computer assisted web interview) to 314 respondents at beginning of 2021, at exactly one year distance after the pandemic lockdown was imposed all around the country. Analyzing the participants responses, a surprising fact become evident: the use of peri-urban forest is not gender equal, women being less able than men to access these green natural spaces and, therefore, to uptake the benefits provided by the peri-urban forests.

The largest peatland in Malaysia is in Sarawak with approximately 1.66 million ha (13%) of total area, distributed widely in Sibu division followed by Sri Aman, Miri, Kota Samarahan, Sarikei and Bintulu. Despite being the most diverse animal species, the study of insects in peat swamp forest, particularly beetles, is still in the incipient stage. Therefore, this study aimed to provide recent information on the beetle species composition in a peat swamp forest of Real Living Lab, UNIMAS (RLL) located in Kota Samarahan. Beetles were sampled for five consecutive days and nights within a seven-day sampling trip in August 2020. Three sampling methods were employed in this study, namely handpicking method (HPM), modified Pennsylvanian light trap (MPLT) and pitfall trapping (PFT). A total of 15 families representing 37 species and morphospecies with 185 individuals were successfully collected. The most speciose family from the beetle assemblages in RLL is Scarabaeidae with eight species collected (21.62%), followed by Curculionidae with six species (16.22%) and Staphylinidae with five species (13.51%). The most abundant family was also represented by Scarabaeidae with 64 individuals (34.59%), followed by Scolytidae with 27 individuals (14.59%) and Carabidae with 23 individuals (12.43%), respectively. This suggests that these families are good candidates as biodiversity indicator of peat swamp forests. This study is still in its preliminary stage; hence it is important to conduct further beetle samplings in future to better understand the potential of beetle as a bioindicator in the peat swamp habitat as an effort to conserve and protect the habitat and the biodiversity that came along with it.

Differentiations in the habitat and resource utilisation lead to segregation and specialisation of niches for bats within the structurally complex tropical rainforest in Malaysia. This research aims to characterise chiropterans’ assemblages found in two different habitat types in Tasik Kenyir (dipterocarp forest) and Setiu (oil palm plantation). A total of 48 sampling nights were conducted within two years period from March 2017 to March 2019 which covered four sampling sites in Tasik Kenyir and four sites at Setiu. Two standard four-bank harp traps and 10 mist nets were deployed throughout the study at every site to capture bats at understory levels. This makes a total of 576 sampling efforts for both areas. Song Meter SM2bats and Echo Meter Touch from Wildlife Acoustic were used to record the echolocation of insectivorous bats. The total number of individuals and species observed were used to determine species diversity, richness, and evenness. Paleontological statistic software was used to generate the rank abundance and species accumulation curves. Bray-Curtis similarity index was used to generalise the index that represents the relative abundance of the sampling sites. A total of 835 individuals comprising 31 species from six families were captured at both study areas. Out of 835 individuals, 695 were captured within Tasik Kenyir comprising 27 species from six families (H = 2.381) while 140 individuals were captured in Setiu comprising 20 species from five families (H = 2.40). The diversity of bats in Tasik Kenyir was hypothesised to be higher than in Setiu as the habitat possess a larger undisturbed forest. However, the result showed the opposite in which no significant difference was detected from the diversity index calculated between these two areas. Detailed studies need to be conducted to determine if some areas are used as transient habitats for bats.

This article considers the application of remote sensing data to solve the problems of forestry in the Polissia zone (Ukraine). The satellite remote sensing was shown to be applicable to monitoring the damage caused by diseases and pests to forest resources and to assessing the effects of fires. During the research, a detailed analysis and optimization of the information content of Sentinel-2 long-term data sets was performed to detect changes in the forest cover of Polissia, affected by pests and damaged by fires. The following classification algorithms were used for automated decryption: the maximum likelihood method; cluster classification without training; Principal Component Analysis (PCA); Random Forest classification. The results of this study indicate the high potential of Sentinel-2 data for application in applied problems of forestry and vegetation analysis, despite the decametric spatial resolution. Our proposed workflow has achieved an overall classification accuracy of 90 % for the Polissia region, indicating its reliability and potential for scaling to a higher level, and the proposed forecast model is stationary and does not depend on time parameters. To improve the classification results, testing of different combinations of bands emphasized the importance of Band 8 in combination with red edge bands, as well as other bands with a resolution of 10 m for summer scenes. The red margin shows clearly visible differences in the spectral profiles, but bands with a higher resolution of 10 m were crucial for good results.

Pre-diabetic is a disease that is caused by insulin resistance, which is identified by higher blood glucose levels than normal. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) contains curcumin compounds that act as antioxidants to prevent damage from free radicals and to repair damaged kidney tissue from pre-diabetic condition. Organic quail eggs are supplements that can help to repair kidney tissue. This study investigated the effect of turmeric powder and organic quail eggs on pre-diabetic kidney tissue histopathology of male white rats. Twenty-five male white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) were used in this study and they were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely D0 (normal white rats were given standard diet), D1 (positive control, pre-diabetic white rats were given standard diet), D2 (pre-diabetic white rats were given turmeric powder 1.35 mg/head/day), D3 (pre-diabetic white rats were given 1 organic quail egg/head/day), and D4 (pre-diabetic white rats were given turmeric powder 1.35 mg/head/day and 1 organic quail egg/head/day). This research was done within 60 days. The results of the study were analysed using the ANOVA and Duncan tests. The analysis results showed that turmeric powder and organic quail eggs treatments had a significant effect on the observed parameters. The conclusion of this study is that the effect of turmeric powder and organic quail eggs has the potential to repair the kidney tissue of pre-diabetic white rats

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados del valor económico del trabajo no remunerado para Costa Rica y mostrar su importancia para la economía del país. El cálculo se realiza a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo (ENUT) y la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO), ambas del 2017; posteriormente, se compara con el valor del Producto Interno Bruto de ese año. El trabajo no remunerado incluye: la producción de bienes y servicios para el autoconsumo de los hogares, el trabajo doméstico y el voluntario. Para la valoración se utilizó el método input en su variante híbrida, que consiste en homologar las diferentes labores del trabajo no remunerado investigadas en la ENUT 2017, con ocupaciones similares en el mercado (incluyendo servicio doméstico), a partir de la clasificación de ocupaciones para Costa Rica del 2011. Posteriormente, se calculó en la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares del 2017, el salario bruto por hora para cada ocupación. Se realizó un ejercicio metodológico y una estimación para todo el país, con base en la Encuesta de Uso del Tiempo para la Gran Área Metropolitana del 2011 y del Módulo de Uso del Tiempo del 2004. Con la Encuesta Nacional del 2017 se ajustó la metodología y se estimó que el trabajo no remunerado equivale a un 34.21 % del Producto Interno Bruto, en donde el trabajo doméstico equivale al 31.07 % y que las mujeres son las que aportan las tres cuartas partes de este valor.

The purpose of this study is to explain the use of pantun in textbooks in elementary schools, especially the description of the use of types of rhymes, errors in the number of syllables, distribution of pantun types based on age/user, distribution of pantun types based on content, distribution of thematic pantun, pantun distribution based on integrativeness, distribution pantun based on cross-curriculum integration. This research is classified as Critical Discourse Analysis which is part of qualitative research so it uses actual, objective, and systematic explanations. The research was conducted by analyzing and interpreting the pantun contained in the text of elementary school textbooks, both those used by teachers and books used by students. Critical discourse analysis is seen from the perspective of the author. This research provides a more concrete picture of the involvement of textbooks in the preservation of pantun as an Indonesian cultural heritage. In this study, positive results were shown, the existence of pantun in textbooks had created expressive spaces for students. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan penggunaan pantun dalam buku pelajaran di sekolah dasar khususnya uraian penggunaan jenis rima, penggunaan jumlah suku kata, pembagian jenis pantun berdasarkan usia/pengguna, pembagian jenis pantun berdasarkan isi, pembagian pantun tematik, pembagian pantun berdasarkan keterpaduan, pembagian pantun berdasarkan integrasi lintas kurikulum. Penelitian ini tergolong dalam penelitian Analisis Wacana Kritis yang merupakan bagian dari penelitian kualitatif sehingga menggunakan penjelasan yang aktual, objektif, dan sistematis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis dan menginterpretasikan pantun yang terdapat dalam teks buku pelajaran sekolah dasar, baik yang digunakan oleh guru maupun buku yang digunakan oleh siswa. Analisis wacana kritis dilihat dari sudut pandang pengarang. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran yang lebih konkret tentang keterlibatan buku ajar dalam pelestarian pantun sebagai warisan budaya Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini ditunjukkan hasil yang positif, keberadaan pantun dalam buku pelajaran telah menciptakan ruang ekspresif bagi siswa.