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Farmland birds are among the most threatened species in Europe, largely as a result of the intensification of agriculture leading to widespread biodiversity losses. Ground-breeding shorebirds in grassland and arable habitats are particularly exposed to human threats and predation in highly modified landscapes; however, parts of their populations still breed in natural habitats and could provide a reservoir for threatened populations. This study aimed to improve our knowledge of the spatio-temporal use of breeding habitats by Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata arquata in a core area of the population in remote north-eastern Europe. A total of 83 adult birds across Europe were tagged with GPS devices between 2014 and 2022 to analyse their home-range sizes, habitat use and hatching success. Birds were distributed at breeding sites from 52°N to 66°N between Finland and the Ural Mountains. Forty-one percent of individuals nested in bogs, 33% in grassland, and 20% in abandoned farmland. Birds nested predominantly in bogs at northern latitudes and in grassland at southern latitudes, while abandoned farmland was mainly used at intermediate latitudes. The mean home range was largest for birds breeding predominantly in grassland while birds in bogs had the highest hatching success rate. Russia and Finland host the core population of the subspecies N. a. arquata during breeding period, which is essential for preserving the species on a European scale. Their survival may depend on well-preserved bogs and the maintenance of grassland areas, given that large areas of abandoned farmland are destined to become either forest or to be reclaimed for cereal crops or fodder grass in the short and medium terms. Given the large breeding populations in both countries, Russia and Finland have major responsibilities to maintain these essential populations on a biogeographical scale. International audience

Antecedentes: Las huellas humanas globales han alterado fundamentalmente los regímenes de fuegos, creando serias consecuencias para la salud humana, la biodiversidad y el clima. Sin embargo, resulta difícil proyectar cómo las interacciones a largo plazo entre el uso de la tierra, la gestión, y el Cambio Climático van a afectar el comportamiento del fuego, lo que representa un vacío clave en el conocimiento para la gestión sostenible. Usamos las apreciaciones de expertos para combinar opiniones sobre regímenes de fuegos pasados y futuros de 99 investigadores en el tema de fuegos de vegetación. Preguntamos por determinaciones cualitativas y cuantitativas de la frecuencia, tipo, e implicaciones de los cambios en los regímenes de fuegos desde el inicio del Holoceno hasta el año 2300.Resultados Quienes respondieron indicaron alguna influencia humana directa en los fuegos de vegetación desde al menos ~ 12.000 años atrás, en los que la variabilidad climática perduró como la conductora dominante de los cambios en los regímenes de fuego hasta hace aproximadamente unos 5.000 años, para la mayoría de las regiones en estudio. Las respuestas sugirieron que hubo un incremento de 10 veces en la frecuencia de cambios en los regímenes de fuego durante los últimos 250 años comparado con el resto del Holoceno, correspondiendo en primer lugar con la intensificación y expansión del uso de la tierra y luego con el Cambio Climático antropogénico. Mirando al futuro, predicen que los cambios en los regímenes de fuego se intensificarán, con incrementos en la frecuencia, severidad, y tamaño en todos los biomas con excepción de los ecosistemas de pastizales. Los regímenes de fuego muestran diferente sensibilidad climática a través de los biomas, aunque la probabilidad de cambio en el régimen de fuego se incrementa con mayores escenarios de calentamiento en todos los biomas. Predicen asimismo que la biodiversidad, el almacenamiento de Carbono, y otros servicios ecosistémicos, van a decrecer para la mayoría de los biomas bajo escenarios de mayores emisiones. Presentamos recomendaciones para la adaptación y mitigación bajo regímenes de fuego emergentes, mientras que reconocemos que las opciones de manejo están condicionadas bajo escenarios de mayores emisiones.Conclusiones La influencia de los humanos en los regímenes de fuego se ha incrementado en las últimas dos centurias. Las perspectivas ganadas sobre incendios pasados deben ser consideradas en las estrategias de manejo de tierras y de fuego, aunque un nuevo comportamiento del fuego es probable, dado que la disrupción humana en las comunidades vegetales, en el clima, y en otros factores no tiene precedentes. Los regímenes de fuegos futuros probablemente degraden algunos servicios ecosistémicos clave, al menos que el Cambio Climático sea agresivamente mitigado. Las apreciaciones de los expertos complementan los datos empíricos y modelados, proveyendo una perspectiva más amplia de la ciencia del fuego para informar a los decisores y priorizar futuras investigaciones. Background The global human footprint has fundamentally altered wildfire regimes, creating serious consequences for human health, biodiversity, and climate. However, it remains difficult to project how long-term interactions among land use, management, and climate change will affect fire behavior, representing a key knowledge gap for sustainable management. We used expert assessment to combine opinions about past and future fire regimes from 99 wildfire researchers. We asked for quantitative and qualitative assessments of the frequency, type, and implications of fire regime change from the beginning of the Holocene through the year 2300.Results Respondents indicated some direct human influence on wildfire since at least ~ 12,000 years BP, though natural climate variability remained the dominant driver of fire regime change until around 5,000 years BP, for most study regions. Responses suggested a ten-fold increase in the frequency of fire regime change during the last 250 years compared with the rest of the Holocene, corresponding first with the intensification and extensification of land use and later with anthropogenic climate change. Looking to the future, fire regimes were predicted to intensify, with increases in frequency, severity, and size in all biomes except grassland ecosystems. Fire regimes showed different climate sensitivities across biomes, but the likelihood of fire regime change increased with higher warming scenarios for all biomes. Biodiversity, carbon storage, and other ecosystem services were predicted to decrease for most biomes under higher emission scenarios. We present recommendations for adaptation and mitigation under emerging fire regimes, while recognizing that management options are constrained under higher emission scenarios.Conclusion The influence of humans on wildfire regimes has increased over the last two centuries. The perspective gained from past fires should be considered in land and fire management strategies, but novel fire behavior is likely given the unprecedented human disruption of plant communities, climate, and other factors. Future fire regimes are likely to degrade key ecosystem services, unless climate change is aggressively mitigated. Expert assessment complements empirical data and modeling, providing a broader perspective of fire science to inform decision making and future research priorities. International audience

Warming temperate winters are resulting in increased insect winter activity. With modern agroecosystems largely homogenous, characterised by low floral diversity, competitive interactions may arise between flower-visiting species, with potential implications for the ecosystem services they provide (e.g. biological control and pollination). Flower strips may be implemented during winter months to support flower-visiting insects and enhance ecosystem service provision. Employing field trials conducted in Brittany, France between 2019 and 2021 and laboratory cage experiments, the current study examined the impact of winter flower strips on aphid biological control performed by parasitoid wasps and the potential for competitive interactions between winter-active parasitoids and pollinators. Results revealed that parasitism rate was not enhanced by the presence of winter flower strips. This lack of effect was not the consequence of pollinator presence, and the current study found no effect of pollinator abundance on parasitism rate. Flower strips may thus be implemented during winter months to support nectar-feeding insects when floral resources are scarce, with no evidence of exploitative competition between pollinators and parasitoids, nor a detrimental impact on biological control provision. International audience

Along with worldwide urbanization, upheavals in habitat and temperature are major threats for biodiversity. However, due to their interdependence, their relative roles as drivers of animal community composition remain entangled. Here, we investigated how taxonomic and functional compositions of arthropod communities were related to uncorrelated habitat and temperature gradients, and compared landscape (i.e., urbanization, Urban Heat Island (UHI)) to local variables (i.e., vegetation height and cover, near-ground temperature). We sampled 20,499 spiders (137 species) on 36 grasslands in Rennes (northwestern France). Unlike rural areas, urban sites were characterized by short vegetation and intense UHI, hosted species-poor communities, and were composed of small thermophilic species. UHI intensification and local loss of habitat complexity (short and dense vegetation) were associated with declining large and heat-sensitive species. These results highlight the prevalent role of urban warming, rather than land cover change, as an urban filter. Further, we show that landscape-scale UHI, not local temperature, filters species according to their functional attributes. UHI can therefore be considered as a thermal barrier, filtering species according to their physiological capacity to cope with urban thermal conditions. Finally, to counterbalance biotic homogenization, we argue for the importance of implementing complex habitat structures at the local scale within urban green infrastructure. International audience

The COVID-19 pandemic turned biological hazards in the working environment into a global concern. This systematised review of published reviews aimed to provide comprehensive overview specific jobs and categories workers exposed with related prevention. We extracted English French PubMed, Embase Web Science. Two authors, independently, subsequently screened potentially relevant titles abstracts recovered (step 1) then examined full texts 2). Disagreements were resolved by consensus. built tables summarising populations workers, types hazards, outcomes (types health issues, means prevention) routes transmission. Of 1426 studies initially identified, 79 authors from every continent selected, mostly after 2010 (n=63, 79.7%). About half dealt infectious alone (n=38, 48.1%). industrial sectors identified involved healthcare (n=16), laboratories (n=10), agriculture (including animal, vegetable grain sectors, n=32), waste addition 11 without sectors. Results also highlighted range (infectious non-infectious agents, endotoxins, bioaerosols, organic dust emerging agents). allowed list underlined how prevention measures laboratory usually well defined controlled, although this was not case Further are necessary quantify these risks implement that can be applied country. International audience

The CPES (Channel Payments for Ecosystem Services) project developed PES schemes remunerating farmers their activities in improving water quality by reducing the emissions of nutrients (both nitrogen and phosphorus) or erosion from agricultural activities. Catchment-wide approaches were tested six case studies, ecology, hydrogeology, agroeconomy, law, farming expertise was combined. Collaborations established with farmers, associations, chambers agriculture, local regional stakeholders. One study concerned Lac au Duc (Brittany), a reservoir suffering recurrent cyanobacterial blooms. Curative actions to control cyanobacteria had limited success. main sources excess P entering lake origin but varied between sub-catchments according hydrogeological characteristics practices. Long-term prevention possibilities ameliorate practices costs included permanent cover anti-erosive hedges. During project, PESs successfully applied ground protection supply companies as drinking has strong business preserve this ecosystem service. For recreational multi-purpose lakes reservoirs, it remains difficult find financing meet monetary requirements address farmer’s transition land management. International audience

Performing handwriting trajectory regression from inertial data using Deep Neural Network (DNN) on an embedded device is a very challenging task, since the network accuracy is prone to imperfections in the weights and needs a significant amount of parameters to be able to regress. In this work, we apply and compare different quantization techniques and Mitchell logarithmic multiplication approximation in order to enable the on-device inference. We show that it is possible to perform the inference of the TCN-based regression model using only 8-bit fixed-point quantization without significant reconstruction precision loss and that the accuracy degradation of the approximate multiplication can be partially compensated with Quantizationaware Training (QAT). Finally, we demonstrate that the compressed models can be integrated into an off-the-shelf commercial Systems-on-Chip with minimal use of FPU and requiring only 460 KB of the ROM size for the TCN-49 configuration. International audience

The Internet of Things (IoT) has succeeded to be one of the important future communication technologies. The evolution of IoT has accelerated along with the emergence of 5G considered as a leading IoT service provider. In this context, the low power wide area network (LPWAN) has recently attracted attention as it provides an impeccable infrastructure for massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTCs). Long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) is one of the most adopted LPWAN technologies in the world. However, an efficient integration of LoRaWAN technology into the 5G system (5GS) is required. In this article, we review briefly related work trying to integrate LoRaWAN into the 5GS. Then, we present our solution for the integration and we detail the adopted network architecture. We propose new authentication methods based on the extensible authentication protocol (EAP) providing secure access, and an adaptation function to attain seamless and efficient integration. In addition, we evaluate our solution in terms of performance and security. Moreover, a comparison of our solution with related work confirms the efficiency of our solution. International audience