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  • Rural Digital Europe
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  • Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECO...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Forcén Muñoz, Manuel; López Alcantud, José Alejandro; Pavón Pulido, Nieves; Pérez Pastor, Alejandro;

    [SPA] Este documento muestra una visión general del estado del arte de la inteligencia artificial aplicada a la agricultura de precisión. Además, describe el plan de trabajo propuesto para conseguir uno de los objetivos relacionados con el manejo eficiente del agua en la agricultura que pretenden ser abordados en la tesis doctoral y muestra algunos de los avances conseguidos hasta ahora. [ENG] This document gives an overview of the state of the art of artificial intelligence applied to precision agriculture. In addition, it describes the proposed work schedule in order to achieve the one of the objectives related to the efficient water management in agriculture that are aimed within this PhD and shows some of the advances that are fulfilled until now. Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Investigación e Innovación del Gobierno de España (PCIN-2017-091, WaterWorks2015 ERA-NET) y Manuel Forcen agradece la financiación del contrato predoctoral recibida de la Fundación Séneca (20767/FPI/18).

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    https://doi.org/10.31428/10317...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nicolás Cuevas, Juan Antonio; Parras Burgos, Dolores; Ruiz Peñalver, Leandro; Molina Martínez, José Miguel;

    [SPA] En zonas con escasez de recursos hídricos, la gestión del agua es imprescindible para lograr una agricultura económicamente sostenible. Entre las tecnologías disponibles, los lisímetros de pesada son una de las más fiables para determinar la evapotranspiración de los cultivos y mejorar la eficiencia del riego. En esta comunicación se muestran cuatro prototipos de lisímetros de pesada diseñados como sistemas modulares de reducidas dimensiones para su uso en plantaciones hortícolas. En los distintos prototipos se han introducido modificaciones que facilitan su instalación y mantenimiento, mejorando sus prestaciones y consiguiendo un prototipo transportable de fácil montaje. [ENG] In areas with scarce water resources, the management of water is essential for achieving an economically sustainable agriculture. Among the technologies available, lysimeters are one of the most reliable to determine crop evapotranspiration and improve irrigation efficiency. This communication shows four prototypes of weighing lysimeters designed as modular systems of small dimensions for its assembly in horticultural plantations. In the various prototypes, modifications have been introduced to facilitate their installation and maintenance, improving their performance and achieving a transportable prototype for easy assembly. Los autores agradecen el apoyo financiero del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) y del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) para la realización de proyectos de investigación. Referencia: AGL2015-66938-C2-1-R. También se agradece la colaboración de la empresa TeleNatura EBT S.L. y a la comunicad de regantes Arco Sur Mar Menor (contrato con la UPCT Ref. 5027/17IAEA “Ayuda a la gestión de los recursos hídricos mediante lisímetros de pesada”).

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    https://doi.org/10.31428/10317...
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    Authors: Bañón, D.; Ponce, L.; Alarcón, J.J.;

    [SPA] El objetivo principal de la tesis es abordar de manera integrada los riesgos asociados a la utilización de aguas regeneradas en agricultura. En concreto se realizará una evaluación exhaustiva de la presencia, persistencia y acumulación de los denominados contaminantes de preocupación emergente en el sistema agua-suelo-planta. Para ello, se seleccionarán cultivos reales de alto interés comercial, diferentes condiciones de trabajo (sistemas de riego, tipo de sustratos, etc.), y se propondrán protocolos de análisis específicos que permitirán evaluar la calidad de los cultivos. Los resultados obtenidos, junto con protocolos adicionales para estudios microbiológicos y la valoración de efectos toxicológicos a corto y largo plazo, permitirán prever futuros escenarios de riesgo y evitar problemas en el complejo suelo-planta, garantizando una producción agrícola de alta calidad, protegiendo además la salud humana. [ENG] The main objective of this thesis is to address the risks associated with the use of reclaimed water in agriculture in an integrated manner. Particularly, a comprehensive assessment of the presence, persistence and accumulation of the so-called pollutants of emerging concern in the water-soil-plant system will be carried out. For this purpose, real crops of high commercial interest, different working conditions (irrigation systems, type of substrates, etc.) will be selected, and specific analysis protocols will be proposed to assess the quality of the crops. The results obtained, together with additional protocols for microbiological studies and the evaluation of short- and long-term toxicological effects, will help to foresee future risk scenarios, and avoid problems in the soil-plant complex, guaranteeing high-quality agricultural production while protecting human health. Esta tesis se desarrolla en el marco del proyecto RIS3MUR REUSAGUA, financiado por la Consejería de Empresa, Industria y Portavocía de la Región de Murcia, que se desarrolla en el marco del Programa Operativo Feder 2014-2020, y en el que se encuentran involucradas las siguientes entidades: CEBAS-CSIC, Imida, Esamur, UMU, UPCT, Cetenma, Azud, Hidrogea y Emuasa. El doctorando se encuentra financiado por un contrato predoctoral de la Fundación Séneca. Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia.

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    https://doi.org/10.31428/10317...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nicolás Cuevas, Juan Antonio; Parras Burgos, Dolores; Ruiz Peñalver, Leandro; Molina Martínez, José Miguel;

    [SPA] En las regiones semiáridas es de gran importancia conocer con exactitud los requerimientos de agua y nutrientes de los cultivos hortícolas, evitando la ineficiencia en el uso del agua y la contaminación de suelos, aguas y cultivos. Se presenta la patente de un nuevo de lisímetro de pesada trasportable, cuya originalidad radica en sus reducidas dimensiones para su integración en cultivos hortícolas. El nuevo lisímetro de pesada trasportable consta de varios módulos que permiten mejorar sus prestaciones. Tras una breve presentación del estado del arte, se describe el nuevo lisímetro patentado y se explican los diferentes módulos. En él se unifican un conjunto de dispositivos agrícolas orientados a evaluar el balance hídrico y los nutrientes del suelo. El dispositivo patentado permite la determinación del balance hídrico, la supervisión remota del cultivo y una evaluación personalizada de los nutrientes del suelo de interés para el usuario. [ENG] In semi-arid regions it is of great importance to know exactly the water and nutrient requirements of horticultural crops. Its knowledge prevents the inefficiency in water use and the contamination of soils, water and crops. A patent of a new portable weighing lysimeter is presented, whose originality comes from its remarkable shape and from its integration into horticultural crops. The complete portable weighing lysimeter consists of several connected modules improving its outputs. After a brief presentation of the state of the art, the new patented lysimeter is described and the modules are shown. A set of agricultural devices have been collected oriented to evaluate the water balance and the soil nutrients. The patented device allows the determination of the water balance, the remote supervision of the crop and a customized evaluation of the soil nutrients of interest to the user. Los autores agradecen el apoyo financiero del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) y del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) para la realización de proyectos de investigación. Referencia: AGL2015-66938-C2-1-R. También se agradece la colaboración de la empresa TeleNatura EBT S.L.

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    Authors: Berríos Reyes, Pablo Alejandro; Pérez Pastor, Alejandro;

    [SPA] El potencial hídrico de tallo es el indicador más comúnmente utilizado para evaluar el estado hídrico de las plantas debido a su elevada sensibilidad a la demanda climática y al régimen de riego, a pesar de su baja escala espacial y temporal. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue evaluar otros indicadores, como la firma espectral a nivel foliar emitida por mandarinos adultos sometidos a distintas intensidades de estrés hídrico, que nos permitan estimar el estado hídrico del cultivo a una mayor escala. La emisión de radiaciones de longitud de onda de 1000 nm, y el rango entre 1540-1740 nm (SWIR) permitieron diferenciar los niveles de estrés de manera significativa. A través de la combinación de distintas longitudes de onda y estructuras de índice identificamos un nuevo indicador altamente sensible al estado hídrico, denominado Índice de Relación Infrarrojo Visible (VIRI), muy bien correlacionado con el potencial hídrico de tallo. Este índice podría ser un complemento válido para la programación del riego a una escala mayor de parcela. [ENG] Stem water potential is the most used indicator to assess plant water status due to its high sensitivity to climatic demand and irrigation regime, despite its low spatial and temporal scale. The aim of our work was to evaluate other indicators, such as the leaf-scale spectrum emitted by adult mandarin trees subjected to different water stress intensities, which allow us to estimate the plant water status at a larger scale. The emission of radiation at a wavelength of 1000 nm, and the range between 1540-1740 nm (SWIR) allowed us to differentiate the levels of stress in a significant way. Through the combination of different wavelengths and index structures we identified a new indicator highly sensitive to water status, called Visible Infrared Ratio Index (VIRI), which correlates very well with stem water potential. This index could be a valid complement for irrigation scheduling at a larger plot scale. Este estudio fue financiado por la Comisión Europea (Proyecto DIVERFARMING, H2020-RUR-06-2016) y la Agencia Nacional de Investigación de España (PID2019-106226RB-C22).

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  • Authors: Johan Sjöström; Anders Granström;
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  • Authors: Yichao Zhang; Yang Shu; Yunzhu Qin; Yuying Chen; +3 Authors

    Background Smouldering wildfires in peatlands are one of the largest and longest-lasting fire phenomena on Earth, but it is unclear whether such underground peat fires can resurface to the ground and ignite a flame on the litter layer. Methods This work conducted a laboratory experiment by putting a 5-cm thick litter layer (banyan tree leaves with a density of 27–53 kg/m3) onto a 10-cm thick peat sample (moisture content of 10–100%). Key results and conclusions Tests confirmed that a smouldering peat fire, ignited at the bottom, can propagate upwards and resurface to ignite a flaming wildfire on the surface litter layer. The propensity of litter to be flaming ignited decreased with increasing peat moisture content and litter layer density. We found the threshold of such surface flaming as a function of temperature and temperature increase rate at the interface between peat and litter. Finally, large field experiments successfully reproduced and validated the laboratory observations. Implications This work reveals an important wildfire ignition phenomenon that has received little attention but may cause new spot fires, accelerate fire progression and exacerbate its hazards.

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  • Authors: Florencia Tiribelli; Juan Paritsis; Iván Barberá; Thomas Kitzberger;

    Background Fire regimes in many biomass-rich ecosystems worldwide are dominated by high-severity fires. Many of these systems lack fire-resistant traits or post-fire regeneration strategies. Understanding under which environmental and weather conditions they experience less severe fire is crucial for maintaining their persistence in the landscape. Aims Understand the spatial and temporal conditions that allow burn severity attenuation across Patagonia’s productivity gradient. Methods We modelled burn severity as a function of topography, weather, vegetation and productivity. Key results Low severity was a rare phenomenon, affecting only 8% of the areas burned. The probability of burning with high severity followed a hump-shaped relationship with productivity. Low severity occurred in fires that burned under cool and wet summer conditions in areas with sparser fuels or in wetter and more productive environments but with discontinuous and wet fuels. Conclusions Across the regional gradient, ecosystems of intermediate productivity generally lack conditions for low burn severity. Temporally, low burn severity occurs in smaller fires burning in productive ecosystems during cool and wet summers. Implications Future climate scenarios of increasing aridity and temperature in the region will disfavour conditions for low burn severity, thus promoting fire-mediated transitions from forests to alternative states dominated by more fire-adapted flammable species (e.g. shrublands).

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  • Authors: Philip Gibbons; Dejan Stojanovic; David B. Lindenmayer; Giselle Owens;

    Background Many species use hollows or cavities that form in trees. The effect of an increasing fire frequency on hollow-bearing trees is unclear. Aims To predict the effects of increasing fire frequency on the abundance of hollow-bearing trees and identify how to make forests more resilient to these changes. Methods We simulated how increasing fire frequency will affect the abundance of hollow-bearing trees in forests of south-eastern Australia and conducted a sensitivity analysis to identify which variables affect these predictions. Key results Other things being equal, we found a negative relationship between the number of hollow-bearing trees and increasing fire frequency. However, we identified scenarios where the number of hollow-bearing trees remained stable, or increased, with frequent fires. Conclusions Hollow-bearing trees will decline where frequent fires co-occur with high rates at which trees collapse (or are removed) and/or where there are not a sufficient number of suitable mature trees in which new hollows can be excavated by fire. Implications The impact of increasing fire frequency on hollow-dependent fauna is likely to be greatest in forests where regeneration is inhibited, a large number of trees are removed before they form hollows, and/or where rates of collapse among trees is elevated.

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  • Authors: Thomas Jones; Ravan Ahmadov; Eric James; Gabriel Pereira; +2 Authors

    Background The record number of wildfires in the United States in recent years has led to an increased focus on developing tools to accurately forecast their impacts at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Aims The Warn-on-Forecast System for Smoke (WoFS-Smoke) was developed to improve these forecasts using wildfire properties retrieved from satellites to generate smoke plumes in the system. Methods The WoFS is a regional domain ensemble data assimilation and forecasting system built around the concept of creating short-term (0–6 h) forecasts of high impact weather. This work extends WoFS-Smoke by ingesting data from the GOES-16 satellite at 15-min intervals to sample the rapidly changing conditions associated with wildfires. Key results Comparison of experiments with and without GOES-16 data show that ingesting high temporal frequency data allows for wildfires to be initiated in the model earlier, leading to improved smoke forecasts during their early phases. Decreasing smoke plume intensity associated with weakening fires was also better forecast. Conclusions The results were consistent for a large fire near Boulder, Colorado and a multi-fire event in Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas, indicating a broad applicability of this system. Implications The development of WoFS-Smoke using geostationary satellite data allows for a significant advancement in smoke forecasting and its downstream impacts such as reductions in air quality, visibility, and potentially properties of severe convection.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Forcén Muñoz, Manuel; López Alcantud, José Alejandro; Pavón Pulido, Nieves; Pérez Pastor, Alejandro;

    [SPA] Este documento muestra una visión general del estado del arte de la inteligencia artificial aplicada a la agricultura de precisión. Además, describe el plan de trabajo propuesto para conseguir uno de los objetivos relacionados con el manejo eficiente del agua en la agricultura que pretenden ser abordados en la tesis doctoral y muestra algunos de los avances conseguidos hasta ahora. [ENG] This document gives an overview of the state of the art of artificial intelligence applied to precision agriculture. In addition, it describes the proposed work schedule in order to achieve the one of the objectives related to the efficient water management in agriculture that are aimed within this PhD and shows some of the advances that are fulfilled until now. Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Investigación e Innovación del Gobierno de España (PCIN-2017-091, WaterWorks2015 ERA-NET) y Manuel Forcen agradece la financiación del contrato predoctoral recibida de la Fundación Séneca (20767/FPI/18).

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    https://doi.org/10.31428/10317...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nicolás Cuevas, Juan Antonio; Parras Burgos, Dolores; Ruiz Peñalver, Leandro; Molina Martínez, José Miguel;

    [SPA] En zonas con escasez de recursos hídricos, la gestión del agua es imprescindible para lograr una agricultura económicamente sostenible. Entre las tecnologías disponibles, los lisímetros de pesada son una de las más fiables para determinar la evapotranspiración de los cultivos y mejorar la eficiencia del riego. En esta comunicación se muestran cuatro prototipos de lisímetros de pesada diseñados como sistemas modulares de reducidas dimensiones para su uso en plantaciones hortícolas. En los distintos prototipos se han introducido modificaciones que facilitan su instalación y mantenimiento, mejorando sus prestaciones y consiguiendo un prototipo transportable de fácil montaje. [ENG] In areas with scarce water resources, the management of water is essential for achieving an economically sustainable agriculture. Among the technologies available, lysimeters are one of the most reliable to determine crop evapotranspiration and improve irrigation efficiency. This communication shows four prototypes of weighing lysimeters designed as modular systems of small dimensions for its assembly in horticultural plantations. In the various prototypes, modifications have been introduced to facilitate their installation and maintenance, improving their performance and achieving a transportable prototype for easy assembly. Los autores agradecen el apoyo financiero del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) y del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) para la realización de proyectos de investigación. Referencia: AGL2015-66938-C2-1-R. También se agradece la colaboración de la empresa TeleNatura EBT S.L. y a la comunicad de regantes Arco Sur Mar Menor (contrato con la UPCT Ref. 5027/17IAEA “Ayuda a la gestión de los recursos hídricos mediante lisímetros de pesada”).

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    https://doi.org/10.31428/10317...
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    Authors: Bañón, D.; Ponce, L.; Alarcón, J.J.;

    [SPA] El objetivo principal de la tesis es abordar de manera integrada los riesgos asociados a la utilización de aguas regeneradas en agricultura. En concreto se realizará una evaluación exhaustiva de la presencia, persistencia y acumulación de los denominados contaminantes de preocupación emergente en el sistema agua-suelo-planta. Para ello, se seleccionarán cultivos reales de alto interés comercial, diferentes condiciones de trabajo (sistemas de riego, tipo de sustratos, etc.), y se propondrán protocolos de análisis específicos que permitirán evaluar la calidad de los cultivos. Los resultados obtenidos, junto con protocolos adicionales para estudios microbiológicos y la valoración de efectos toxicológicos a corto y largo plazo, permitirán prever futuros escenarios de riesgo y evitar problemas en el complejo suelo-planta, garantizando una producción agrícola de alta calidad, protegiendo además la salud humana. [ENG] The main objective of this thesis is to address the risks associated with the use of reclaimed water in agriculture in an integrated manner. Particularly, a comprehensive assessment of the presence, persistence and accumulation of the so-called pollutants of emerging concern in the water-soil-plant system will be carried out. For this purpose, real crops of high commercial interest, different working conditions (irrigation systems, type of substrates, etc.) will be selected, and specific analysis protocols will be proposed to assess the quality of the crops. The results obtained, together with additional protocols for microbiological studies and the evaluation of short- and long-term toxicological effects, will help to foresee future risk scenarios, and avoid problems in the soil-plant complex, guaranteeing high-quality agricultural production while protecting human health. Esta tesis se desarrolla en el marco del proyecto RIS3MUR REUSAGUA, financiado por la Consejería de Empresa, Industria y Portavocía de la Región de Murcia, que se desarrolla en el marco del Programa Operativo Feder 2014-2020, y en el que se encuentran involucradas las siguientes entidades: CEBAS-CSIC, Imida, Esamur, UMU, UPCT, Cetenma, Azud, Hidrogea y Emuasa. El doctorando se encuentra financiado por un contrato predoctoral de la Fundación Séneca. Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nicolás Cuevas, Juan Antonio; Parras Burgos, Dolores; Ruiz Peñalver, Leandro; Molina Martínez, José Miguel;

    [SPA] En las regiones semiáridas es de gran importancia conocer con exactitud los requerimientos de agua y nutrientes de los cultivos hortícolas, evitando la ineficiencia en el uso del agua y la contaminación de suelos, aguas y cultivos. Se presenta la patente de un nuevo de lisímetro de pesada trasportable, cuya originalidad radica en sus reducidas dimensiones para su integración en cultivos hortícolas. El nuevo lisímetro de pesada trasportable consta de varios módulos que permiten mejorar sus prestaciones. Tras una breve presentación del estado del arte, se describe el nuevo lisímetro patentado y se explican los diferentes módulos. En él se unifican un conjunto de dispositivos agrícolas orientados a evaluar el balance hídrico y los nutrientes del suelo. El dispositivo patentado permite la determinación del balance hídrico, la supervisión remota del cultivo y una evaluación personalizada de los nutrientes del suelo de interés para el usuario. [ENG] In semi-arid regions it is of great importance to know exactly the water and nutrient requirements of horticultural crops. Its knowledge prevents the inefficiency in water use and the contamination of soils, water and crops. A patent of a new portable weighing lysimeter is presented, whose originality comes from its remarkable shape and from its integration into horticultural crops. The complete portable weighing lysimeter consists of several connected modules improving its outputs. After a brief presentation of the state of the art, the new patented lysimeter is described and the modules are shown. A set of agricultural devices have been collected oriented to evaluate the water balance and the soil nutrients. The patented device allows the determination of the water balance, the remote supervision of the crop and a customized evaluation of the soil nutrients of interest to the user. Los autores agradecen el apoyo financiero del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) y del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) para la realización de proyectos de investigación. Referencia: AGL2015-66938-C2-1-R. También se agradece la colaboración de la empresa TeleNatura EBT S.L.

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    Authors: Berríos Reyes, Pablo Alejandro; Pérez Pastor, Alejandro;

    [SPA] El potencial hídrico de tallo es el indicador más comúnmente utilizado para evaluar el estado hídrico de las plantas debido a su elevada sensibilidad a la demanda climática y al régimen de riego, a pesar de su baja escala espacial y temporal. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue evaluar otros indicadores, como la firma espectral a nivel foliar emitida por mandarinos adultos sometidos a distintas intensidades de estrés hídrico, que nos permitan estimar el estado hídrico del cultivo a una mayor escala. La emisión de radiaciones de longitud de onda de 1000 nm, y el rango entre 1540-1740 nm (SWIR) permitieron diferenciar los niveles de estrés de manera significativa. A través de la combinación de distintas longitudes de onda y estructuras de índice identificamos un nuevo indicador altamente sensible al estado hídrico, denominado Índice de Relación Infrarrojo Visible (VIRI), muy bien correlacionado con el potencial hídrico de tallo. Este índice podría ser un complemento válido para la programación del riego a una escala mayor de parcela. [ENG] Stem water potential is the most used indicator to assess plant water status due to its high sensitivity to climatic demand and irrigation regime, despite its low spatial and temporal scale. The aim of our work was to evaluate other indicators, such as the leaf-scale spectrum emitted by adult mandarin trees subjected to different water stress intensities, which allow us to estimate the plant water status at a larger scale. The emission of radiation at a wavelength of 1000 nm, and the range between 1540-1740 nm (SWIR) allowed us to differentiate the levels of stress in a significant way. Through the combination of different wavelengths and index structures we identified a new indicator highly sensitive to water status, called Visible Infrared Ratio Index (VIRI), which correlates very well with stem water potential. This index could be a valid complement for irrigation scheduling at a larger plot scale. Este estudio fue financiado por la Comisión Europea (Proyecto DIVERFARMING, H2020-RUR-06-2016) y la Agencia Nacional de Investigación de España (PID2019-106226RB-C22).

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    https://doi.org/10.31428/10317...
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      https://doi.org/10.31428/10317...
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  • Authors: Johan Sjöström; Anders Granström;
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  • Authors: Yichao Zhang; Yang Shu; Yunzhu Qin; Yuying Chen; +3 Authors

    Background Smouldering wildfires in peatlands are one of the largest and longest-lasting fire phenomena on Earth, but it is unclear whether such underground peat fires can resurface to the ground and ignite a flame on the litter layer. Methods This work conducted a laboratory experiment by putting a 5-cm thick litter layer (banyan tree leaves with a density of 27–53 kg/m3) onto a 10-cm thick peat sample (moisture content of 10–100%). Key results and conclusions Tests confirmed that a smouldering peat fire, ignited at the bottom, can propagate upwards and resurface to ignite a flaming wildfire on the surface litter layer. The propensity of litter to be flaming ignited decreased with increasing peat moisture content and litter layer density. We found the threshold of such surface flaming as a function of temperature and temperature increase rate at the interface between peat and litter. Finally, large field experiments successfully reproduced and validated the laboratory observations. Implications This work reveals an important wildfire ignition phenomenon that has received little attention but may cause new spot fires, accelerate fire progression and exacerbate its hazards.

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  • Authors: Florencia Tiribelli; Juan Paritsis; Iván Barberá; Thomas Kitzberger;

    Background Fire regimes in many biomass-rich ecosystems worldwide are dominated by high-severity fires. Many of these systems lack fire-resistant traits or post-fire regeneration strategies. Understanding under which environmental and weather conditions they experience less severe fire is crucial for maintaining their persistence in the landscape. Aims Understand the spatial and temporal conditions that allow burn severity attenuation across Patagonia’s productivity gradient. Methods We modelled burn severity as a function of topography, weather, vegetation and productivity. Key results Low severity was a rare phenomenon, affecting only 8% of the areas burned. The probability of burning with high severity followed a hump-shaped relationship with productivity. Low severity occurred in fires that burned under cool and wet summer conditions in areas with sparser fuels or in wetter and more productive environments but with discontinuous and wet fuels. Conclusions Across the regional gradient, ecosystems of intermediate productivity generally lack conditions for low burn severity. Temporally, low burn severity occurs in smaller fires burning in productive ecosystems during cool and wet summers. Implications Future climate scenarios of increasing aridity and temperature in the region will disfavour conditions for low burn severity, thus promoting fire-mediated transitions from forests to alternative states dominated by more fire-adapted flammable species (e.g. shrublands).

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  • Authors: Philip Gibbons; Dejan Stojanovic; David B. Lindenmayer; Giselle Owens;

    Background Many species use hollows or cavities that form in trees. The effect of an increasing fire frequency on hollow-bearing trees is unclear. Aims To predict the effects of increasing fire frequency on the abundance of hollow-bearing trees and identify how to make forests more resilient to these changes. Methods We simulated how increasing fire frequency will affect the abundance of hollow-bearing trees in forests of south-eastern Australia and conducted a sensitivity analysis to identify which variables affect these predictions. Key results Other things being equal, we found a negative relationship between the number of hollow-bearing trees and increasing fire frequency. However, we identified scenarios where the number of hollow-bearing trees remained stable, or increased, with frequent fires. Conclusions Hollow-bearing trees will decline where frequent fires co-occur with high rates at which trees collapse (or are removed) and/or where there are not a sufficient number of suitable mature trees in which new hollows can be excavated by fire. Implications The impact of increasing fire frequency on hollow-dependent fauna is likely to be greatest in forests where regeneration is inhibited, a large number of trees are removed before they form hollows, and/or where rates of collapse among trees is elevated.

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  • Authors: Thomas Jones; Ravan Ahmadov; Eric James; Gabriel Pereira; +2 Authors

    Background The record number of wildfires in the United States in recent years has led to an increased focus on developing tools to accurately forecast their impacts at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Aims The Warn-on-Forecast System for Smoke (WoFS-Smoke) was developed to improve these forecasts using wildfire properties retrieved from satellites to generate smoke plumes in the system. Methods The WoFS is a regional domain ensemble data assimilation and forecasting system built around the concept of creating short-term (0–6 h) forecasts of high impact weather. This work extends WoFS-Smoke by ingesting data from the GOES-16 satellite at 15-min intervals to sample the rapidly changing conditions associated with wildfires. Key results Comparison of experiments with and without GOES-16 data show that ingesting high temporal frequency data allows for wildfires to be initiated in the model earlier, leading to improved smoke forecasts during their early phases. Decreasing smoke plume intensity associated with weakening fires was also better forecast. Conclusions The results were consistent for a large fire near Boulder, Colorado and a multi-fire event in Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas, indicating a broad applicability of this system. Implications The development of WoFS-Smoke using geostationary satellite data allows for a significant advancement in smoke forecasting and its downstream impacts such as reductions in air quality, visibility, and potentially properties of severe convection.

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