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  • Rural Digital Europe
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  • Applied Optics

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Mitchell P. Hoffmann; Nicholas A. Dallmann; Bruce E. Carlsten; Malakai P. Coblentz; +2 Authors

    Los Alamos National Laboratory has developed an incoherent, long-range, sub-centimeter resolution (LIDAR) with which we achieve centimeter-scale reflection holography at extremely long ranges. The system consists of a pulsed laser and photon-counting receiver. This combination yields round-trip time of flight data to illuminate parts of the object of interest. The aggregation of these data for many LIDAR pulses yields a plot with a range on the X axis and reflectance on the Y axis, which we refer to as a range profile. Observing that the range profile is a projection of the reflection map of the object onto the view vector, we collect profiles from a variety of viewing angles and invert these data to form an image. We adapt imaging algorithms from the field of computer aided tomography to suit our application and present results from imaging demonstrations at a 10 km range.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2022
    https://doi.org/10.1364/dh.202...
    Conference object . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2022
      https://doi.org/10.1364/dh.202...
      Conference object . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ann Carine Vandaele; Jonathon Mason; Jason Gow; Jose M. Jeronimo; +17 Authors

    NOMAD is a spectrometer suite on board the ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, which launched in March 2016. NOMAD consists of two infrared channels and one ultraviolet and visible channel, allowing the instrument to perform observations quasi-constantly, by taking nadir measurements at the day- and night-side, and during solar occultations. Here, in part 2 of a linked study, we describe the design, manufacturing, and testing of the ultraviolet and visible spectrometer channel called UVIS. We focus upon the optical design and working principle where two telescopes are coupled to a single grating spectrometer using a selector mechanism.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Applied Optics; Open...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Applied Optics; OpenAPC Global Initiative
    Article . Conference object . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Applied Optics; Open...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Applied Optics; OpenAPC Global Initiative
      Article . Conference object . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Yongzhen, Fan; Wei, Li; Kenneth J, Voss; Charles K, Gatebe; +1 Authors

    Ocean color algorithms that rely on "atmospherically corrected" nadir water-leaving radiances to infer information about marine constituents such as the chlorophyll concentration depend on a reliable method to convert the angle-dependent measured radiances from the observation direction to the nadir direction. It is also important to convert the measured radiances to the nadir direction when comparing and merging products from different satellite missions. The standard correction method developed by Morel and coworkers requires knowledge of the chlorophyll concentration. Also, the standard method was developed based on the Case 1 (open ocean) assumption, which makes it unsuitable for Case 2 situations such as turbid coastal waters. We introduce a neural network method to convert the angle-dependent water-leaving radiance (or the corresponding remote sensing reflectance) from the observation direction to the nadir direction. This method relies on neither an "atmospheric correction" nor prior knowledge of the water constituents or the inherent optical properties. It directly converts the remote sensing reflectance from an arbitrary slanted viewing direction to the nadir direction by using a trained neural network. This method is fast and accurate, and it can be easily adapted to different remote sensing instruments. Validation using NuRADS measurements in different types of water shows that this method is suitable for both Case 1 and Case 2 waters. In Case 1 or chlorophyll-dominated waters, our neural network method produces corrections similar to those of the standard method. In Case 2 waters, especially sediment-dominated waters, a significant improvement was obtained compared to the standard method.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://aip.scitatio...arrow_drop_down
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    https://aip.scitation.org/doi/...
    Conference object
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2016
    https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4975...
    Conference object . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://aip.scitatio...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://aip.scitation.org/doi/...
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2016
      https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4975...
      Conference object . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Steven R, Murrill; Charmaine C, Franck; Eddie L, Jacobs; Douglas T, Petkie; +1 Authors

    The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has continued to develop and enhance a millimeter-wave (MMW) and submillimeter- wave (SMMW)/terahertz (THz)-band imaging system performance prediction and analysis tool for both the detection and identification of concealed weaponry, and for pilotage obstacle avoidance. The details of the MATLAB-based model which accounts for the effects of all critical sensor and display components, for the effects of atmospheric attenuation, concealment material attenuation, and active illumination, were reported on at the 2005 SPIE Europe Security and Defence Symposium (Brugge). An advanced version of the base model that accounts for both the dramatic impact that target and background orientation can have on target observability as related to specular and Lambertian reflections captured by an active-illumination-based imaging system, and for the impact of target and background thermal emission, was reported on at the 2007 SPIE Defense and Security Symposium (Orlando). Further development of this tool that includes a MODTRAN-based atmospheric attenuation calculator and advanced system architecture configuration inputs that allow for straightforward performance analysis of active or passive systems based on scanning (single- or line-array detector element(s)) or staring (focal-plane-array detector elements) imaging architectures was reported on at the 2011 SPIE Europe Security and Defence Symposium (Prague). This paper provides a comprehensive review of a newly enhanced MMW and SMMW/THz imaging system analysis and design tool that now includes an improved noise sub-model for more accurate and reliable performance predictions, the capability to account for postcapture image contrast enhancement, and the capability to account for concealment material backscatter with active-illumination- based systems. Present plans for additional expansion of the model’s predictive capabilities are also outlined.

    https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.221...
    Conference object . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2017
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.221...
      Conference object . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2017
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Mikhail, Charnotskii;

    We present a simple theoretical model for dewarped imaging through a turbulent medium, and calculate the degree of superresolution that can be attained by dewarping of the distorted instantaneous images registered through a turbulent atmosphere. Our estimates show that on 1 km near the ground propagation path spatial frequencies of the dewarped image can exceed the diffraction limit three times with a probability up to 10%.

    https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.791...
    Conference object . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008
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      https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.791...
      Conference object . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008
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  • Authors: Bahareh Haji-saeed; Charles L. Woods; John Kierstead; Jed Khoury;

    Synthetic radar image recognition is an area of interest for military applications including automatic target recognition, air traffic control, and remote sensing. Here a dynamic range compression two-beam coupling joint transform correlator for detecting synthetic aperture radar (SAR) targets is utilized. The joint input image consists of a pre-power-law, enhanced scattering center of the input image and a linearly synthesized power-law enhanced scattering center template. Enhancing the scattering center of both the synthetic template and the input image furnishes the conditions for achieving dynamic range compression correlation in two-beam coupling. Dynamic range compression: (a) enhances the signal to noise ratio, (b) enhances the high frequencies relative to low frequencies, and (c) converts the noise to high frequency components. This improves the correlation peak intensity to the mean of the surrounding noise significantly. Dynamic range compression correlation has already been demonstrated to outperform many optimal correlation filters in detecting signals in severe noise environments. The performance is evaluated via established metrics, such as peak-to-correlation energy (PCE), Horner efficiency and correlation peak intensity. The results showed significant improvement as the power increased.

    Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777...
    Conference object . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777...
      Conference object . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Steven R. Murrill; Eddie L. Jacobs; Steven K. Moyer; Carl E. Halford; +4 Authors

    The U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory have developed a terahertz (THz) -band imaging system performance model for detection and identification of concealed weaponry. The MATLAB-based model accounts for the effects of all critical sensor and display components and for the effects of atmospheric attenuation, concealment material attenuation, and active illumination. The model is based on recent U.S. Army NVESD sensor performance modeling technology that couples system design parameters to observer-sensor field performance by using the acquire methodology for weapon identification performance predictions. This THz model has been developed in support of the Defense Advanced Research Project Agencies' Terahertz Imaging Focal-Plane Technology (TIFT) program and is currently being used to guide the design and development of a 0.650 THz active-passive imaging system. This paper will describe the THz model in detail, provide and discuss initial modeling results for a prototype THz imaging system, and outline plans to calibrate and validate the model through human perception testing.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Applied Optics
    Article . Conference object
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.630...
    Conference object . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    37
    citations37
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Applied Optics
      Article . Conference object
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.630...
      Conference object . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Fang, Shi; Gary, Chanan; Catherine, Ohara; Mitchell, Troy; +1 Authors

    Dispersed fringe sensing (DFS) is an efficient and robust method for coarse phasing of segmented primary mirrors (from one quarter of a wavelength to as much as the depth of focus of a single segment, typically several tens of microns). Unlike phasing techniques currently used for ground-based segmented telescopes, DFS does not require the use of edge sensors in order to sense changes in the relative heights of adjacent segments; this makes it particularly well suited for phasing of space-borne segmented telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope. We validate DFS by using it to measure the piston errors of the segments of one of the Keck telescopes. The results agree with those of the Shack-Hartmann-based phasing scheme currently in use at Keck to within 2% over a range of initial piston errors of +/-16 microm.

    Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2004
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552...
    Conference object . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2004
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552...
      Conference object . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: C E, Volin; J P, Garcia; E L, Dereniak; M R, Descour; +2 Authors

    We report results from a demonstration of a midwave-infrared non-scanning, high speed imaging spectrometer capable of simultaneously recording spatial and spectral data from a rapidly varying target scene. High speed spectral imaging was demonstrated by collecting spectral and spatial snapshots of blackbody targets and combustion products. The instrument is based on computed tomography concepts and operates in a mid-wave infrared band of 3.0 to 5.0 micrometers . Raw images were recorded at a frame rate of 60 fps using a 512 x 512 InSb focal plane array. Reconstructed object cube estimates were sampled at 46x46x21 (x, y,(lambda) ) elements, or 0.1 micrometers spectral sampling. Reconstructions of several objects are presented.

    https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453...
    Conference object . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2001 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453...
      Conference object . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2001 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: HE, Ming-Xia; LIU, Zhi-Shen; DU, Ke-Ping; LI, Li-Ping; +3 Authors

    The East China Sea is a typical case 2 water environment, where concentrations of phytoplankton pigments, suspended matter, and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) are all higher than those in the open oceans, because of the discharge from the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. By using a hyperspectral semianalytical model, we simulated a set of remote-sensing reflectance for a variety of chlorophyll, suspended matter, and CDOM concentrations. From this simulated data set, a new algorithm for the retrieval of chlorophyll concentration from remote-sensing reflectance is proposed. For this method, we took into account the 682-nm spectral channel in addition to the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) channels. When this algorithm was applied to a field data set, the chlorophyll concentrations retrieved through the new algorithm were consistent with field measurements to within a small error of 18%, in contrast with that of 147% between the SeaWiFS ocean chlorophyll 2 algorithm and the in situ observation.

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    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2000 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2000 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Mitchell P. Hoffmann; Nicholas A. Dallmann; Bruce E. Carlsten; Malakai P. Coblentz; +2 Authors

    Los Alamos National Laboratory has developed an incoherent, long-range, sub-centimeter resolution (LIDAR) with which we achieve centimeter-scale reflection holography at extremely long ranges. The system consists of a pulsed laser and photon-counting receiver. This combination yields round-trip time of flight data to illuminate parts of the object of interest. The aggregation of these data for many LIDAR pulses yields a plot with a range on the X axis and reflectance on the Y axis, which we refer to as a range profile. Observing that the range profile is a projection of the reflection map of the object onto the view vector, we collect profiles from a variety of viewing angles and invert these data to form an image. We adapt imaging algorithms from the field of computer aided tomography to suit our application and present results from imaging demonstrations at a 10 km range.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Applied Optics
    Article . 2022
    https://doi.org/10.1364/dh.202...
    Conference object . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2022
      https://doi.org/10.1364/dh.202...
      Conference object . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ann Carine Vandaele; Jonathon Mason; Jason Gow; Jose M. Jeronimo; +17 Authors

    NOMAD is a spectrometer suite on board the ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, which launched in March 2016. NOMAD consists of two infrared channels and one ultraviolet and visible channel, allowing the instrument to perform observations quasi-constantly, by taking nadir measurements at the day- and night-side, and during solar occultations. Here, in part 2 of a linked study, we describe the design, manufacturing, and testing of the ultraviolet and visible spectrometer channel called UVIS. We focus upon the optical design and working principle where two telescopes are coupled to a single grating spectrometer using a selector mechanism.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Applied Optics; Open...arrow_drop_down
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    Applied Optics; OpenAPC Global Initiative
    Article . Conference object . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Applied Optics; OpenAPC Global Initiative
      Article . Conference object . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Yongzhen, Fan; Wei, Li; Kenneth J, Voss; Charles K, Gatebe; +1 Authors

    Ocean color algorithms that rely on "atmospherically corrected" nadir water-leaving radiances to infer information about marine constituents such as the chlorophyll concentration depend on a reliable method to convert the angle-dependent measured radiances from the observation direction to the nadir direction. It is also important to convert the measured radiances to the nadir direction when comparing and merging products from different satellite missions. The standard correction method developed by Morel and coworkers requires knowledge of the chlorophyll concentration. Also, the standard method was developed based on the Case 1 (open ocean) assumption, which makes it unsuitable for Case 2 situations such as turbid coastal waters. We introduce a neural network method to convert the angle-dependent water-leaving radiance (or the corresponding remote sensing reflectance) from the observation direction to the nadir direction. This method relies on neither an "atmospheric correction" nor prior knowledge of the water constituents or the inherent optical properties. It directly converts the remote sensing reflectance from an arbitrary slanted viewing direction to the nadir direction by using a trained neural network. This method is fast and accurate, and it can be easily adapted to different remote sensing instruments. Validation using NuRADS measurements in different types of water shows that this method is suitable for both Case 1 and Case 2 waters. In Case 1 or chlorophyll-dominated waters, our neural network method produces corrections similar to those of the standard method. In Case 2 waters, especially sediment-dominated waters, a significant improvement was obtained compared to the standard method.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://aip.scitatio...arrow_drop_down
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    https://aip.scitation.org/doi/...
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    Applied Optics
    Article . 2016
    https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4975...
    Conference object . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Applied Optics
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://aip.scitation.org/doi/...
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2016
      https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4975...
      Conference object . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Steven R, Murrill; Charmaine C, Franck; Eddie L, Jacobs; Douglas T, Petkie; +1 Authors

    The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has continued to develop and enhance a millimeter-wave (MMW) and submillimeter- wave (SMMW)/terahertz (THz)-band imaging system performance prediction and analysis tool for both the detection and identification of concealed weaponry, and for pilotage obstacle avoidance. The details of the MATLAB-based model which accounts for the effects of all critical sensor and display components, for the effects of atmospheric attenuation, concealment material attenuation, and active illumination, were reported on at the 2005 SPIE Europe Security and Defence Symposium (Brugge). An advanced version of the base model that accounts for both the dramatic impact that target and background orientation can have on target observability as related to specular and Lambertian reflections captured by an active-illumination-based imaging system, and for the impact of target and background thermal emission, was reported on at the 2007 SPIE Defense and Security Symposium (Orlando). Further development of this tool that includes a MODTRAN-based atmospheric attenuation calculator and advanced system architecture configuration inputs that allow for straightforward performance analysis of active or passive systems based on scanning (single- or line-array detector element(s)) or staring (focal-plane-array detector elements) imaging architectures was reported on at the 2011 SPIE Europe Security and Defence Symposium (Prague). This paper provides a comprehensive review of a newly enhanced MMW and SMMW/THz imaging system analysis and design tool that now includes an improved noise sub-model for more accurate and reliable performance predictions, the capability to account for postcapture image contrast enhancement, and the capability to account for concealment material backscatter with active-illumination- based systems. Present plans for additional expansion of the model’s predictive capabilities are also outlined.

    https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.221...
    Conference object . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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    Applied Optics
    Article . 2017
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.221...
      Conference object . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2017
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Mikhail, Charnotskii;

    We present a simple theoretical model for dewarped imaging through a turbulent medium, and calculate the degree of superresolution that can be attained by dewarping of the distorted instantaneous images registered through a turbulent atmosphere. Our estimates show that on 1 km near the ground propagation path spatial frequencies of the dewarped image can exceed the diffraction limit three times with a probability up to 10%.

    https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.791...
    Conference object . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008
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      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.791...
      Conference object . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008
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  • Authors: Bahareh Haji-saeed; Charles L. Woods; John Kierstead; Jed Khoury;

    Synthetic radar image recognition is an area of interest for military applications including automatic target recognition, air traffic control, and remote sensing. Here a dynamic range compression two-beam coupling joint transform correlator for detecting synthetic aperture radar (SAR) targets is utilized. The joint input image consists of a pre-power-law, enhanced scattering center of the input image and a linearly synthesized power-law enhanced scattering center template. Enhancing the scattering center of both the synthetic template and the input image furnishes the conditions for achieving dynamic range compression correlation in two-beam coupling. Dynamic range compression: (a) enhances the signal to noise ratio, (b) enhances the high frequencies relative to low frequencies, and (c) converts the noise to high frequency components. This improves the correlation peak intensity to the mean of the surrounding noise significantly. Dynamic range compression correlation has already been demonstrated to outperform many optimal correlation filters in detecting signals in severe noise environments. The performance is evaluated via established metrics, such as peak-to-correlation energy (PCE), Horner efficiency and correlation peak intensity. The results showed significant improvement as the power increased.

    Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777...
    Conference object . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777...
      Conference object . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Steven R. Murrill; Eddie L. Jacobs; Steven K. Moyer; Carl E. Halford; +4 Authors

    The U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory have developed a terahertz (THz) -band imaging system performance model for detection and identification of concealed weaponry. The MATLAB-based model accounts for the effects of all critical sensor and display components and for the effects of atmospheric attenuation, concealment material attenuation, and active illumination. The model is based on recent U.S. Army NVESD sensor performance modeling technology that couples system design parameters to observer-sensor field performance by using the acquire methodology for weapon identification performance predictions. This THz model has been developed in support of the Defense Advanced Research Project Agencies' Terahertz Imaging Focal-Plane Technology (TIFT) program and is currently being used to guide the design and development of a 0.650 THz active-passive imaging system. This paper will describe the THz model in detail, provide and discuss initial modeling results for a prototype THz imaging system, and outline plans to calibrate and validate the model through human perception testing.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
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    Applied Optics
    Article . Conference object
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    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.630...
    Conference object . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    37
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Applied Optics
      Article . Conference object
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.630...
      Conference object . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Fang, Shi; Gary, Chanan; Catherine, Ohara; Mitchell, Troy; +1 Authors

    Dispersed fringe sensing (DFS) is an efficient and robust method for coarse phasing of segmented primary mirrors (from one quarter of a wavelength to as much as the depth of focus of a single segment, typically several tens of microns). Unlike phasing techniques currently used for ground-based segmented telescopes, DFS does not require the use of edge sensors in order to sense changes in the relative heights of adjacent segments; this makes it particularly well suited for phasing of space-borne segmented telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope. We validate DFS by using it to measure the piston errors of the segments of one of the Keck telescopes. The results agree with those of the Shack-Hartmann-based phasing scheme currently in use at Keck to within 2% over a range of initial piston errors of +/-16 microm.

    Applied Opticsarrow_drop_down
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2004
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552...
    Conference object . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2004
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552...
      Conference object . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: C E, Volin; J P, Garcia; E L, Dereniak; M R, Descour; +2 Authors

    We report results from a demonstration of a midwave-infrared non-scanning, high speed imaging spectrometer capable of simultaneously recording spatial and spectral data from a rapidly varying target scene. High speed spectral imaging was demonstrated by collecting spectral and spatial snapshots of blackbody targets and combustion products. The instrument is based on computed tomography concepts and operates in a mid-wave infrared band of 3.0 to 5.0 micrometers . Raw images were recorded at a frame rate of 60 fps using a 512 x 512 InSb focal plane array. Reconstructed object cube estimates were sampled at 46x46x21 (x, y,(lambda) ) elements, or 0.1 micrometers spectral sampling. Reconstructions of several objects are presented.

    https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453...
    Conference object . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2001 . Peer-reviewed
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      Conference object . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2001 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: HE, Ming-Xia; LIU, Zhi-Shen; DU, Ke-Ping; LI, Li-Ping; +3 Authors

    The East China Sea is a typical case 2 water environment, where concentrations of phytoplankton pigments, suspended matter, and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) are all higher than those in the open oceans, because of the discharge from the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. By using a hyperspectral semianalytical model, we simulated a set of remote-sensing reflectance for a variety of chlorophyll, suspended matter, and CDOM concentrations. From this simulated data set, a new algorithm for the retrieval of chlorophyll concentration from remote-sensing reflectance is proposed. For this method, we took into account the 682-nm spectral channel in addition to the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) channels. When this algorithm was applied to a field data set, the chlorophyll concentrations retrieved through the new algorithm were consistent with field measurements to within a small error of 18%, in contrast with that of 147% between the SeaWiFS ocean chlorophyll 2 algorithm and the in situ observation.

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    Applied Optics
    Article . 2008
    Applied Optics
    Article . 2000 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ JAIROarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2008
      Applied Optics
      Article . 2000 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.