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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mozhgan Veisi; Eskandar Zand; Mehdi Minbashi Moeini; Kambiz Bassiri;

    Weeds are one of the most important limiting factors in the production of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Iran, especially in autumn sown chickpea. Weed density and biomass in autumn chickpea are seven and two and a half times higher than the spring chickpea, respectively. The weed damage to chickpea in Tabriz, Kermanshah and West Azerbaijan was estimated at 48.3, 57 and 36%, respectively. Sixty-four weed species were identified in chickpea fields. Convolvulus arvensis L. and Galium tricornutum Dandy have the highest presence in chickpea fields. Pyridate and linuron are the only herbicides registered for use in chickpea fields in Iran. However, research results show that fomesafen and isoxaflutole are the most appropriate herbicides for chickpea fields. Oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr, metribuzin, trifluralin, simazine, terbutryn and pendimethalin are the major herbicides studied in weed control research. The combination of herbicides and mechanical control is one of the effective methods to reduce weeds. Hand weeding and cultivation between rows are the most effective mechanical methods of weed control. High nitrogen enhances weed dry weight. Safflower and barley residues reduce weed populations and biomass. Barley-chickpea and wheat-chickpea intercropping systems increase chickpea yield together with proper weed control. In future research, more attention should be paid to surfactants to reduce the use of herbicides, rotation crops and integrated weed management in chickpea.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJ-Articlesarrow_drop_down
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    DOAJ-Articles
    Article . 2020
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Plant Protection Research
    Article . Other ORP type . 2020 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJ-Articlesarrow_drop_down
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      Article . 2020
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      Journal of Plant Protection Research
      Article . Other ORP type . 2020 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sylvestre Habimana; Kurlahally Nagappa Kalyana Murthy; Dimba Chowdappa Hanumanthappa; Kothathi Shivanna Somashekar; +1 Authors

    This weed management investigation was carried out at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), Bangalore, during the summers of 2017 and 2018 to standardize agrotechniques for weed management of rice grown under aerobic conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with eleven treatments replicated thrice. It consisted of two pre-emergence herbicides and one early post-emergence herbicide, the stale seedbed technique, mulching, hand weeding and intercultivation which was compared to the weedy check. The results showed that pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% wettable powder (WP) at 35 active ingredient (a.i.) g ⋅ ha–1 as PE fb bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 30 ml ⋅ ha–1 a.i. as an early post-emergence herbicide performed better in terms of rice grain and straw yield (5,800 and 9,786 kg ⋅ ha–1, respectively), plant height (58.42 cm), rice total dry matter production (149.84 g ⋅ plant–1), productive tillers ⋅ hill–1 (40.32), panicle length (24.53 cm), 1000 grain weight (25.35 g), net returns (Rs. 62424), higher B : C ratio (2.59) and lower total weed density, weed dry weight at different stages of rice and weed index (3.80%) as well as higher weed control efficiency (90.52%). This practice could be recommended to farmers growing aerobic rice under these climatic conditions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJ-Articlesarrow_drop_down
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    Article . 2019
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    Journal of Plant Protection Research
    Article . Other ORP type . 2023 . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      DOAJ-Articles
      Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Journal of Plant Protection Research
      Article . Other ORP type . 2023 . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Heit, Guillermo Eugenio; Sione, Walter; Aceñolaza, Pablo Gilberto;

    The objective of this work was to generate a series of equations to describe the voltinism of Lobesia botrana in the quarantine area of the main winemaking area of Argentina, Mendoza. To do this we considered an average climate scenario and extrapolatedthese equations to other winegrowing areas at risk of being invaded. A grid of 4 km2was used to generate statistics on L. botrana captures and the mean temperature accumulation for the pixel. Four sets of logistic regression were constructed using the percentage of accumulated trap catches/grid/week and the degree-day accumulation above7°C, from 1st July. By means of a habitat model, an extrapolation of the phenologicalmodel generated to other Argentine winemaking areas was evaluated. According to ourresults, it can be expected that 50% of male adult emergence for the first flight occurs at248.79 ± 4 degree-days (DD), in the second flight at 860.18 ± 4.1 DD, while in the thirdand the fourth flights, 1671.34 ± 5.8 DD and 2335.64 ± 4.3 DD, respectively. Subsequentclimatic comparison determined that climatic conditions of uncolonized areas of Cuyo Region have a similar suitability index to the quarantine area used to adjust the phenologicalmodel. The upper valley of Río Negro and Neuquén are environmentally similar. Valleys ofthe northwestern region of Argentina showed lower average suitability index and greatervariability among SI estimated by the algorithm considered. The combination of two models for the estimation of adult emergence time and potential distribution, can provide greater certainties in decision-making and risk assessment of invasive species. Fil: Heit, Guillermo Eugenio. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimento. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Sione, Walter Fabian. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos; Argentina Fil: Aceñolaza, Pablo Gilberto. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos; Argentina. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CONICET Digital (CON...arrow_drop_down
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    CONICET Digital
    Article . 2019
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    DOAJ-Articles
    Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CONICET Digital (CON...arrow_drop_down
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      CONICET Digital
      Article . 2019
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      Article . 2019
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    Authors: MÁTYÁS, Csaba;

    Forest trees are especially vulnerable to climatic oscillations due to their long lifespan. Out of the possible mechanisms of acclimation and adaptation, natural selection and migration will play a subordinate role because of the relatively high speed of expected changes. Phenotypic plasticity retains on the other hand primary importance. Analysis of common garden experiments and of health monitoring data indicate that response across the distribution area will be differentiated. The lowlatitude, low elevation periphery is especially threatened, while growth in the northern part of ranges will accelerate (in case moisture conditions will remain favourable). Comparing the velocity of predicted changes and the constraints of the buffering mechanisms of species for adaptation, it is obvious that human interference will be essential for the maintenance of ecosystem stability. Forest genetic and ecology research results have to be synthesised to better elucidate the requirements of stability and response of forest ecosystems under predicted climatic conditions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Acta Silvatica &...arrow_drop_down
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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC SA
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    Article . 2006
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Acta Silvatica &...arrow_drop_down
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2006
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    Authors: Monica Eliza Motorga;

    The primary goal of this article is to analyze, investigate, and interpretsome concepts related to digitalization and Romanian digital policyin the context of the European Union, especially in these pandemictimes that highlight the exclusion of disadvantaged people such as theyoung, low-income, and elderly from various perspectives such as theeducational state, social, economic, and cultural. This paper proposesa brief history, status, and future perspectives of the digital era, as wellas an objective perspective on the discrepancies between Romania’ssystem and those at the European Union level, as well as discrepanciesbetween ambitions and practical results via analyses and officialstatistics. This article also contends that Romania has a large potentialfor digital growth, and that the use of technology may aid and enhancethe lives of individuals from various vulnerable groups, such as theelderly and schoolchildren.

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    Article . 2021
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    Political Studies Forum
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Political Studies Forum
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Mohammad Anas Azmi; Rohaida Mohammad; Darius El Pebrian;

    Many methods have been introduced to evaluate straight-line accuracy of autopilot pilot tractor while moving across the farm field. This study presents a new alternative approach for evaluating straight-line accuracy of an autopilot tractor traversing the oil palm field terrain. A combination of mapping and spreadsheet software was utilized to develop the approach. The passes of autopilot tractor traversing the oil palm field were mapped by its embedded GPS system. The recorded tractor passes along with latitude and longitude coordinates of World Geographical System (WGS) 1984 were converted into Kertau Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) in XY-plane of Cartesian coordinate by using mapping software. The values of converted coordinates were then exported to a spreadsheet software for computing the errors of straight-line accuracy. The new approach successfully found mean error of straight-line accuracy of ±7.78 cm of the tractor traversing the oil palm field terrain. Generally, this approach has a great potential to enrich the existing methods in the evaluation of the straight-line accuracy of autopilot tractor for field operations.

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    Smart Agricultural Technology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Smart Agricultural Technology
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    Authors: Jerhamre, Elsa; Carlberg, Carl Johan Casten; van Zoest, Vera;

    This paper presents a literature review and interview study exploring the opportunities and hurdles when implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in agricultural businesses. Three sectors in agriculture are scrutinized: arable farming, milk production and beef production. As a foundation for the project, a literature review revises former research on smart farming. Thereafter, an interview study with 21 respondents both explores the susceptibility and maturity of smart farming technologies and provides technical depth to three chosen applications of AI in agriculture. Although the focus of the study is on the Swedish context, the findings can be generalized to the European agricultural sector and even world-wide. Findings of the study include a diverse set of aspects that both enable and obstruct the transition. Main identified opportunities are the importance smart farming has on the strategic agendas of several industry stakeholders, the general trend towards software technology as a service through shared machinery, the vast amount of existing data, and the large interest from farmers towards new technology. Contrasting, the study identifies main hurdles as technical and legislative challenges to data ownership, potential cybersecurity threats, the need for a well-articulated business case, and the sometimes lacking technical knowledge within the sector. The paper concludes that the macro trend points towards a smart farming transition but that the speed of the transformation will depend on the resolutions for the identified obstacles.

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    Smart Agricultural Technology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Smart Agricultural Technology
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    Authors: Nikos Mylonas; Ioannis Malounas; Sofia Mouseti; Eleanna Vali; +2 Authors

    In modern agriculture, visual recognition systems based on deep learning are arising to allow autonomous machines to execute field operations in crops. However, for obtaining high performances, these methods need high amounts of data, which are usually scarce in agriculture. The main reason is that building an agricultural dataset covering exhaustively a specific problem is challenging, as visual characteristics of the symptoms may change, and there is a high dependency on environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity and light conditions. Therefore, an efficient methodology is necessary to consistently cover the entire workflow for creating an agricultural dataset, from the image acquisition to its online publication. This paper presents the Eden Library, a platform for contributing to this existing gap in open access crop/plant databases covering proximal and aerial images. The complete workflow on the design and deployment of the platform is also explained and discussed. This workflow is relevant because the provided datasets are thought to be maintained and enriched along the time, and they do not just remain as a static research output covering only specific species, growth stages, and conditions. The image annotations of plants and symptoms are provided, saving users from manually annotating images. Currently, the Eden Library covers 15 different crops, 9 weeds and 30 disorders (pests, diseases and nutrient deficiencies). Eden Library aspires to close this gap by providing a large and diversified image collection of plants, organized in a consistent manner, in order to boost further vision-based and AI-enabled field applications.

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    Smart Agricultural Technology
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      Smart Agricultural Technology
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    Authors: Patrick J. Hennessy; Travis J. Esau; Arnold W. Schumann; Qamar U. Zaman; +2 Authors

    Agricultural herbicide application efficiency can be improved using smart sprayers which provide site-specific, rather than broadcast, applications of agrochemicals. The YOLOv3-Tiny convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained to detect two weeds, hair fescue and sheep sorrel, in images captured from wild blueberry fields throughout Nova Scotia, Canada. An evaluation was performed in three commercial wild blueberry fields in Nova Scotia to examine the effects of camera selection and target distance on detection accuracy. A Canon T6 DSLR camera, an LG G6 smartphone, and a Logitech c920 webcam were used to capture RGB images at varying distances from target weeds. Mean F1-scores for each combination of camera and image height were analysed in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement for hair fescue and a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement for sheep sorrel. Images captured from 0.98 m with the LG G6 and Canon T6 produced F1-scores of up to 0.97 for detection of at least one hair fescue tuft. Images captured with the LG G6 and Canon T6 DSLR from 0.57 m achieved F1-scores of 0.94 and 0.93, respectively, for detection of at least one sheep sorrel plant per image. Sheep sorrel was undetectable in images from the Logitech c920 under 19 of 27 parameter combinations. Future work will involve using the CNN to control herbicide applications with a real-time smart sprayer. Additionally, the CNN will be used in a web-based application to detect target weeds and provide site-specific information to aid management decisions. Using a CNN to detect weeds will create improvements in management techniques, resulting in cost-savings and greater sustainability for the wild blueberry industry.

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    Smart Agricultural Technology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Smart Agricultural Technology
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    Authors: Paul Sanmartín Mendoza; Karen Ávila Hernández; César Vilora Núñez; Daladier Jabba Molinares;

    Este artículo presenta una revisión del concepto de Internet de las Cosas y su aplicación en el área de la salud, centrándonos en las soluciones que existen actualmente para el manejo de la salud orientada al hogar. El internet de las cosas aplicado al campo de la salud, permitirá que muchas personas, independientemente de su clase social, utilicen los servicios que por medio de estas tecnologías se podrían ofrecer y que en muchos países ya se están empezando a implementar. Teniendo en cuenta que en las próximas décadas, el modelo de asistencia médica se transformará del presente hospital-céntrico que comúnmente conocemos a un modelo de salud totalmente centrado en el hogar, donde en el hogar se tendrá menor intensidad laboral y costo operacional. El servicio de salud en el hogar permite el aprovechamiento de la tecnología IoT, llamado muy a menudo como Salud IoT. Esto suena prometedor para la industria del sector salud y las TIC en general, porque permite personalizar el servicio sanitario, acelerando su evolución.

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    Salud Uninorte
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Salud Uninorte
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mozhgan Veisi; Eskandar Zand; Mehdi Minbashi Moeini; Kambiz Bassiri;

    Weeds are one of the most important limiting factors in the production of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Iran, especially in autumn sown chickpea. Weed density and biomass in autumn chickpea are seven and two and a half times higher than the spring chickpea, respectively. The weed damage to chickpea in Tabriz, Kermanshah and West Azerbaijan was estimated at 48.3, 57 and 36%, respectively. Sixty-four weed species were identified in chickpea fields. Convolvulus arvensis L. and Galium tricornutum Dandy have the highest presence in chickpea fields. Pyridate and linuron are the only herbicides registered for use in chickpea fields in Iran. However, research results show that fomesafen and isoxaflutole are the most appropriate herbicides for chickpea fields. Oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr, metribuzin, trifluralin, simazine, terbutryn and pendimethalin are the major herbicides studied in weed control research. The combination of herbicides and mechanical control is one of the effective methods to reduce weeds. Hand weeding and cultivation between rows are the most effective mechanical methods of weed control. High nitrogen enhances weed dry weight. Safflower and barley residues reduce weed populations and biomass. Barley-chickpea and wheat-chickpea intercropping systems increase chickpea yield together with proper weed control. In future research, more attention should be paid to surfactants to reduce the use of herbicides, rotation crops and integrated weed management in chickpea.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DOAJ-Articlesarrow_drop_down
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    DOAJ-Articles
    Article . 2020
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Plant Protection Research
    Article . Other ORP type . 2020 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Plant Protection Research
      Article . Other ORP type . 2020 . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sylvestre Habimana; Kurlahally Nagappa Kalyana Murthy; Dimba Chowdappa Hanumanthappa; Kothathi Shivanna Somashekar; +1 Authors

    This weed management investigation was carried out at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), Bangalore, during the summers of 2017 and 2018 to standardize agrotechniques for weed management of rice grown under aerobic conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with eleven treatments replicated thrice. It consisted of two pre-emergence herbicides and one early post-emergence herbicide, the stale seedbed technique, mulching, hand weeding and intercultivation which was compared to the weedy check. The results showed that pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% wettable powder (WP) at 35 active ingredient (a.i.) g ⋅ ha–1 as PE fb bispyribac sodium 10% SC at 30 ml ⋅ ha–1 a.i. as an early post-emergence herbicide performed better in terms of rice grain and straw yield (5,800 and 9,786 kg ⋅ ha–1, respectively), plant height (58.42 cm), rice total dry matter production (149.84 g ⋅ plant–1), productive tillers ⋅ hill–1 (40.32), panicle length (24.53 cm), 1000 grain weight (25.35 g), net returns (Rs. 62424), higher B : C ratio (2.59) and lower total weed density, weed dry weight at different stages of rice and weed index (3.80%) as well as higher weed control efficiency (90.52%). This practice could be recommended to farmers growing aerobic rice under these climatic conditions.

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    Journal of Plant Protection Research
    Article . Other ORP type . 2023 . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2019
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      Journal of Plant Protection Research
      Article . Other ORP type . 2023 . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Heit, Guillermo Eugenio; Sione, Walter; Aceñolaza, Pablo Gilberto;

    The objective of this work was to generate a series of equations to describe the voltinism of Lobesia botrana in the quarantine area of the main winemaking area of Argentina, Mendoza. To do this we considered an average climate scenario and extrapolatedthese equations to other winegrowing areas at risk of being invaded. A grid of 4 km2was used to generate statistics on L. botrana captures and the mean temperature accumulation for the pixel. Four sets of logistic regression were constructed using the percentage of accumulated trap catches/grid/week and the degree-day accumulation above7°C, from 1st July. By means of a habitat model, an extrapolation of the phenologicalmodel generated to other Argentine winemaking areas was evaluated. According to ourresults, it can be expected that 50% of male adult emergence for the first flight occurs at248.79 ± 4 degree-days (DD), in the second flight at 860.18 ± 4.1 DD, while in the thirdand the fourth flights, 1671.34 ± 5.8 DD and 2335.64 ± 4.3 DD, respectively. Subsequentclimatic comparison determined that climatic conditions of uncolonized areas of Cuyo Region have a similar suitability index to the quarantine area used to adjust the phenologicalmodel. The upper valley of Río Negro and Neuquén are environmentally similar. Valleys ofthe northwestern region of Argentina showed lower average suitability index and greatervariability among SI estimated by the algorithm considered. The combination of two models for the estimation of adult emergence time and potential distribution, can provide greater certainties in decision-making and risk assessment of invasive species. Fil: Heit, Guillermo Eugenio. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimento. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Sione, Walter Fabian. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos; Argentina Fil: Aceñolaza, Pablo Gilberto. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos; Argentina. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CONICET Digital (CON...arrow_drop_down
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    CONICET Digital
    Article . 2019
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    DOAJ-Articles
    Article . 2019
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      CONICET Digital
      Article . 2019
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      Article . 2019
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    Authors: MÁTYÁS, Csaba;

    Forest trees are especially vulnerable to climatic oscillations due to their long lifespan. Out of the possible mechanisms of acclimation and adaptation, natural selection and migration will play a subordinate role because of the relatively high speed of expected changes. Phenotypic plasticity retains on the other hand primary importance. Analysis of common garden experiments and of health monitoring data indicate that response across the distribution area will be differentiated. The lowlatitude, low elevation periphery is especially threatened, while growth in the northern part of ranges will accelerate (in case moisture conditions will remain favourable). Comparing the velocity of predicted changes and the constraints of the buffering mechanisms of species for adaptation, it is obvious that human interference will be essential for the maintenance of ecosystem stability. Forest genetic and ecology research results have to be synthesised to better elucidate the requirements of stability and response of forest ecosystems under predicted climatic conditions.

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    Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC SA
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    Article . 2006
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      Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Monica Eliza Motorga;

    The primary goal of this article is to analyze, investigate, and interpretsome concepts related to digitalization and Romanian digital policyin the context of the European Union, especially in these pandemictimes that highlight the exclusion of disadvantaged people such as theyoung, low-income, and elderly from various perspectives such as theeducational state, social, economic, and cultural. This paper proposesa brief history, status, and future perspectives of the digital era, as wellas an objective perspective on the discrepancies between Romania’ssystem and those at the European Union level, as well as discrepanciesbetween ambitions and practical results via analyses and officialstatistics. This article also contends that Romania has a large potentialfor digital growth, and that the use of technology may aid and enhancethe lives of individuals from various vulnerable groups, such as theelderly and schoolchildren.

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    Political Studies Forum
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Political Studies Forum
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    Authors: Mohammad Anas Azmi; Rohaida Mohammad; Darius El Pebrian;

    Many methods have been introduced to evaluate straight-line accuracy of autopilot pilot tractor while moving across the farm field. This study presents a new alternative approach for evaluating straight-line accuracy of an autopilot tractor traversing the oil palm field terrain. A combination of mapping and spreadsheet software was utilized to develop the approach. The passes of autopilot tractor traversing the oil palm field were mapped by its embedded GPS system. The recorded tractor passes along with latitude and longitude coordinates of World Geographical System (WGS) 1984 were converted into Kertau Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) in XY-plane of Cartesian coordinate by using mapping software. The values of converted coordinates were then exported to a spreadsheet software for computing the errors of straight-line accuracy. The new approach successfully found mean error of straight-line accuracy of ±7.78 cm of the tractor traversing the oil palm field terrain. Generally, this approach has a great potential to enrich the existing methods in the evaluation of the straight-line accuracy of autopilot tractor for field operations.

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    Smart Agricultural Technology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Smart Agricultural Technology
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    Authors: Jerhamre, Elsa; Carlberg, Carl Johan Casten; van Zoest, Vera;

    This paper presents a literature review and interview study exploring the opportunities and hurdles when implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in agricultural businesses. Three sectors in agriculture are scrutinized: arable farming, milk production and beef production. As a foundation for the project, a literature review revises former research on smart farming. Thereafter, an interview study with 21 respondents both explores the susceptibility and maturity of smart farming technologies and provides technical depth to three chosen applications of AI in agriculture. Although the focus of the study is on the Swedish context, the findings can be generalized to the European agricultural sector and even world-wide. Findings of the study include a diverse set of aspects that both enable and obstruct the transition. Main identified opportunities are the importance smart farming has on the strategic agendas of several industry stakeholders, the general trend towards software technology as a service through shared machinery, the vast amount of existing data, and the large interest from farmers towards new technology. Contrasting, the study identifies main hurdles as technical and legislative challenges to data ownership, potential cybersecurity threats, the need for a well-articulated business case, and the sometimes lacking technical knowledge within the sector. The paper concludes that the macro trend points towards a smart farming transition but that the speed of the transformation will depend on the resolutions for the identified obstacles.

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    Smart Agricultural Technology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Smart Agricultural Technology
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    Authors: Nikos Mylonas; Ioannis Malounas; Sofia Mouseti; Eleanna Vali; +2 Authors

    In modern agriculture, visual recognition systems based on deep learning are arising to allow autonomous machines to execute field operations in crops. However, for obtaining high performances, these methods need high amounts of data, which are usually scarce in agriculture. The main reason is that building an agricultural dataset covering exhaustively a specific problem is challenging, as visual characteristics of the symptoms may change, and there is a high dependency on environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity and light conditions. Therefore, an efficient methodology is necessary to consistently cover the entire workflow for creating an agricultural dataset, from the image acquisition to its online publication. This paper presents the Eden Library, a platform for contributing to this existing gap in open access crop/plant databases covering proximal and aerial images. The complete workflow on the design and deployment of the platform is also explained and discussed. This workflow is relevant because the provided datasets are thought to be maintained and enriched along the time, and they do not just remain as a static research output covering only specific species, growth stages, and conditions. The image annotations of plants and symptoms are provided, saving users from manually annotating images. Currently, the Eden Library covers 15 different crops, 9 weeds and 30 disorders (pests, diseases and nutrient deficiencies). Eden Library aspires to close this gap by providing a large and diversified image collection of plants, organized in a consistent manner, in order to boost further vision-based and AI-enabled field applications.

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    Smart Agricultural Technology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Smart Agricultural Technology
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    Authors: Patrick J. Hennessy; Travis J. Esau; Arnold W. Schumann; Qamar U. Zaman; +2 Authors

    Agricultural herbicide application efficiency can be improved using smart sprayers which provide site-specific, rather than broadcast, applications of agrochemicals. The YOLOv3-Tiny convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained to detect two weeds, hair fescue and sheep sorrel, in images captured from wild blueberry fields throughout Nova Scotia, Canada. An evaluation was performed in three commercial wild blueberry fields in Nova Scotia to examine the effects of camera selection and target distance on detection accuracy. A Canon T6 DSLR camera, an LG G6 smartphone, and a Logitech c920 webcam were used to capture RGB images at varying distances from target weeds. Mean F1-scores for each combination of camera and image height were analysed in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement for hair fescue and a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement for sheep sorrel. Images captured from 0.98 m with the LG G6 and Canon T6 produced F1-scores of up to 0.97 for detection of at least one hair fescue tuft. Images captured with the LG G6 and Canon T6 DSLR from 0.57 m achieved F1-scores of 0.94 and 0.93, respectively, for detection of at least one sheep sorrel plant per image. Sheep sorrel was undetectable in images from the Logitech c920 under 19 of 27 parameter combinations. Future work will involve using the CNN to control herbicide applications with a real-time smart sprayer. Additionally, the CNN will be used in a web-based application to detect target weeds and provide site-specific information to aid management decisions. Using a CNN to detect weeds will create improvements in management techniques, resulting in cost-savings and greater sustainability for the wild blueberry industry.

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    Smart Agricultural Technology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Smart Agricultural Technology
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    Authors: Paul Sanmartín Mendoza; Karen Ávila Hernández; César Vilora Núñez; Daladier Jabba Molinares;

    Este artículo presenta una revisión del concepto de Internet de las Cosas y su aplicación en el área de la salud, centrándonos en las soluciones que existen actualmente para el manejo de la salud orientada al hogar. El internet de las cosas aplicado al campo de la salud, permitirá que muchas personas, independientemente de su clase social, utilicen los servicios que por medio de estas tecnologías se podrían ofrecer y que en muchos países ya se están empezando a implementar. Teniendo en cuenta que en las próximas décadas, el modelo de asistencia médica se transformará del presente hospital-céntrico que comúnmente conocemos a un modelo de salud totalmente centrado en el hogar, donde en el hogar se tendrá menor intensidad laboral y costo operacional. El servicio de salud en el hogar permite el aprovechamiento de la tecnología IoT, llamado muy a menudo como Salud IoT. Esto suena prometedor para la industria del sector salud y las TIC en general, porque permite personalizar el servicio sanitario, acelerando su evolución.

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    Salud Uninorte
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2016
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      Salud Uninorte
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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