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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: M. Silberberg; M.M. Mialon; B. Meunier; I. Veissier;

    High-energy diets increase the risk of Sub-Acute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) inruminants. The behaviour of ruminants is modified under SARA however the impact onbehaviour of a high-energy diet and those of SARA per se are often confounded. Weaimed at distinguishing the effects of the diet and of SARA on cow behaviour. We fed28 Holstein cows a low-starch diet (low starch diet, 10.5% starch) or a high-starch diet(high starch diet, 31.5% starch). Control cows (n = 14) received the low starch diet for60 days, Challenge cows (n = 14) received the same diet except for a 2-week periodduring which they received the high starch diet and the 10 preceding days to ensurethe transition between diets. We monitored ruminal pH and activity of cows thanks tosensors, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk yield of each cow on a daily basis. TheSARA status was defined according to the relative decrease in ruminal pH and to pHvariability. High starch diet induced SARA more often than low starch diet (81% dayswhen cows received high starch diet vs. 8% when they received low starch diet. Highstarch diet also decreased milk yield and made cows spending less time eating buteating more quickly (Challenge vs. Control cows during the challenge period: milkyield, 20.0 vs. 18.2 L/d; % time spent eating, 22.5 vs. 27.6; eating rate, 77.1 vs. 69.6 gDMI/min; P (diet x period) 0.50). In conclusion, an increase ineating rate, especially combined with a decrease in milk yield should alert farmers tothe risk of ruminal acidosis. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Animal - Open Spacearrow_drop_down
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    Animal - Open Space
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Animal - Open Spacearrow_drop_down
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      Animal - Open Space
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fedrecheski, Geovane; Vučinić, Mališa; Watteyne, Thomas;

    Authenticated key exchange protocols play a crucial role in the communication security stack of an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device: they authenticate the communicating parties and establish a shared symmetric secret between them.Following a large debate in the community, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has recently standardized a new protocol called EDHOC for authenticated key exchange targeting IoT environments.The EDHOC protocol performs a compact Diffie-Hellman key exchange handshake, requiring several times less bytes-over-the-air than the de-facto solution used in the Internet, the (D)TLS protocol.In this paper, we study how this reduction in message size correlates with the usage of other scarce resources in IoT environments: time, energy, and memory.We evaluate EDHOC and DTLS with different authentication configurations over two IoT radio technologies.First, we measure the EDHOC and DTLS handshakes on constrained hardware over an IEEE 802.15.4 radio.We observe that EDHOC achieves ×6 to ×14 reduction in packet sizes, ×1.44 improvement in handshake duration and ×2.79 reduction in energy consumed.Next, we simulate time on air on LoRaWAN networks and find that, in the most restrictive configuration (SF=12), DTLS uses at least ×7 more time on air than EDHOC.Finally, we measure flash memory and RAM usage, with the EDHOC implementation achieving a ×4 reduction in both. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Yu, Ling; Fan, Lei; Ciais, Philippe; Xiao, Jingfeng; +11 Authors

    The carbon sinks of North American boreal forests have been threatened by global warming and forest disturbances in recent decades, but knowledge about the carbon balance of these forests in recent years remains unknown. We tracked annual aboveground carbon (AGC) changes from 2016 to 2021 across the forest regions of NASA’s Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) core study domain, using Vegetation Optical Depth derived from low-frequency passive microwave observations. The results showed that these forests showed a net AGC increase of + 28.49 Tg C/yr during the study period, with total AGC gains of + 219.34 Tg C/yr counteracting total AGC losses of −190.86 Tg C/yr. Forest degradation (-162.21 Tg C/yr), defined as a reduction in the capacity of forest to provide goods and services, contributes 5 times more to the total AGC loss than forest cover loss (-28.65 Tg C/yr), defined as the complete removal of tree cover. This indicates that degradation has dominated AGC loss in the region.

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    HAL-CEA
    Article . 2024
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      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pierrick Bocher; Marie Donnez; Audran Chenu; Tatiana Sviridova; +10 Authors

    Farmland birds are among the most threatened species in Europe, largely as a result of the intensification of agriculture leading to widespread biodiversity losses. Ground-breeding shorebirds in grassland and arable habitats are particularly exposed to human threats and predation in highly modified landscapes; however, parts of their populations still breed in natural habitats and could provide a reservoir for threatened populations. This study aimed to improve our knowledge of the spatio-temporal use of breeding habitats by Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata arquata in a core area of the population in remote north-eastern Europe. A total of 83 adult birds across Europe were tagged with GPS devices between 2014 and 2022 to analyse their home-range sizes, habitat use and hatching success. Birds were distributed at breeding sites from 52°N to 66°N between Finland and the Ural Mountains. Forty-one percent of individuals nested in bogs, 33% in grassland, and 20% in abandoned farmland. Birds nested predominantly in bogs at northern latitudes and in grassland at southern latitudes, while abandoned farmland was mainly used at intermediate latitudes. The mean home range was largest for birds breeding predominantly in grassland while birds in bogs had the highest hatching success rate. Russia and Finland host the core population of the subspecies N. a. arquata during breeding period, which is essential for preserving the species on a European scale. Their survival may depend on well-preserved bogs and the maintenance of grassland areas, given that large areas of abandoned farmland are destined to become either forest or to be reclaimed for cereal crops or fodder grass in the short and medium terms. Given the large breeding populations in both countries, Russia and Finland have major responsibilities to maintain these essential populations on a biogeographical scale. International audience

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    Article . 2024
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    Global Ecology and Conservation
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    Global Ecology and Conservation
    Article . 2024
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      Article . 2024
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      Global Ecology and Conservation
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Global Ecology and Conservation
      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mina Rady; Oana Iova; Hervé Rivano; Angeliki Deligianni; +1 Authors

    Wi-Fi is a standard off-the-shelf solution for industrial robotics. The IEEE 802.11ax amendment extends it to support the 6 GHz band, 160 MHz bandwidth and bit-rates up to 9.6 Gbps. In this article, we evaluate the performance of Wi-Fi 6 compared to Wi-Fi 5 and Wi-Fi 4. We select 9 physical layers (PHYs) representing different Wi-Fi generations and we evaluate their performance in an industrial shipyard in the presence of high radio frequency interference and metallic obstructions. We deploy setup of a robotic station (STA) and a controller STA with three applications running in parallel: a robotic STA is sending a high throughput stream to a controller, a Robotic Operating System (ROS) application is sending time-critical control commands to the robotic STA, Precision Time Protocol (PTP) keeps synchronizing the clocks between both STAs. We evaluate the performance in terms of three Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): streaming throughput, IP-level delay using PTP, and Application-level delay of ROS control packets. The networks are run in: Short range Line of Sight (LoS), Medium range LoS, Long range None-LoS (NLoS), and Long range mixed settings. We note that depending on the PHY configuration, an older Wi-Fi generation may outperform Wi-Fi 6. We further observe trade-offs between the different PHYs: wide channel PHYs (e.g. 160 MHz) had best throughput reaching up to 900 Mbps while PHYs while 80 MHz or 20 MHz bandwidth achieved as low as 9 ms delay. This motivates further research in multi-PHY adaptation for KPIs specific to industrial robotics. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ad Hoc Networksarrow_drop_down
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    Ad Hoc Networks
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Ad Hoc Networks
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Hervé Louche; Annick Penarier; Philippe Nouvel; Bruno Clair; +2 Authors

    Xylem sap flow measurement is a key method to quantify plant water use and assess the responses to environmental conditions and climatic change. However, available methods are generally invasive and of limited portability. This paper presents a non-invasive approach called TIMFLOW that combines microwave heat pulse and infrared thermography, while having a high portability and versatility potential. The methodology was tested in laboratory conditions for black poplar (Populus nigra) stems of various diameters (10–45 mm) and for the known sap flow velocity range (10–100 cm h−1). The heat pulse was generated by microwaves with a power amplifier supplying a bi-quad antenna at 2.45 GHz frequency located near the stem. The scene was filmed using a relatively low-cost light and compact InfraRed (IR) thermography camera. A stem temperature map was used to determine the heat pulse propagation velocity. The calculated heat velocity was highly correlated with the applied flow velocity with a unique relationship regardless of the diameter. The latter result confirms the equation of Marshall (1958) which links the sap velocity to the heat velocity with a vessel fraction of around 25 % within samples. The feasibility of outdoor measurements was also successfully tested. The assumed potentials and limitations of the proposed methodology are discussed. In summary, the study demonstrates the concept and validates, in woody stems, this new methodology for non-invasive portable sap flow velocity measurement. International audience

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    Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    HAL-IRD
    Article . 2024
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      Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      HAL-IRD
      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Mohamed Sami Assenine; Walid Bechkit; Ichrak Mokhtari; Hervé Rivano; +1 Authors

    Monitoring pollution plumes is a key issue, given the harmful effects they cause. The dynamic of these plumes, which may be important due to meteorological conditions, makes their study difficult. Real-time monitoring in order to obtain an accurate mapping of the pollution dispersion is helpful and valuable to mitigate risks. In this work, we consider a fleet of cooperative drones carrying pollution sensors and operating in order to assess a pollution plume. The latter is assumed to follow a Gaussian Process (GP) with varying parameters. For this use case, we propose an efficient approach to characterize spatially and temporarily the plume while optimizing the path planning of drones. In our approach, drones are guided by a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) model called Categorical Deep Q-Network (Categorical DQN) to maximize the plume coverage while considering budget constraints. Specifically, we develop a scalable Independent Q-Learning (IQL) scheme that shares team rewards based on each drone's deployment relevance and therefore ensures cooperation. We evaluate the performance of the plume parameter estimation as well as the maps generated by the GP regression. By testing our framework on several plume scenarios, we show that it offers good results in terms of both estimation quality and run-time efficiency. International audience

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
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    https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2...
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2...
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Shutler, Jamie D.; Gruber, Nicolas; id_orcid0000-0002-2085-2310; Findlay, Helen S.; Land, Peter E.; +18 Authors

    The strong control that the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have over Earth's climate identifies the need for accurate quantification of the emitted CO2 and its redistribution within the Earth system. The ocean annually absorbs more than a quarter of all CO2 emissions and this absorption is fundamentally altering the ocean chemistry. The ocean thus provides a fundamental component and powerful constraint within global carbon assessments used to guide policy action for reducing emissions. These carbon assessments rely heavily on satellite observations, but their inclusion is often invisible or opaque to policy. One reason is that satellite observations are rarely used exclusively, but often in conjunction with other types of observations, thereby complementing and expanding their usability yet losing their visibility. This exploitation of satellite observations led by the satellite and ocean carbon scientific communities is based on exciting developments in satellite science that have broadened the suite of environmental data that can now reliably be observed from space. However, the full potential of satellite observations to expand the scientific knowledge on critical processes such as the atmosphere-ocean exchange of CO2 and ocean acidification, including its impact on ocean health, remains largely unexplored. There is clear potential to begin using these observation-based approaches for directly guiding ocean management and conservation decisions, in particular in regions where in situ data collection is more difficult, and interest in them is growing within the environmental policy communities. We review these developments, identify new opportunities and scientific priorities, and identify that the formation of an international advisory group could accelerate policy relevant advancements within both the ocean carbon and satellite communities. Some barriers to understanding exist but these should not stop the exploitation and the full visibility of satellite observations to policy makers and users, so these observations can fulfil their full potential and recognition for supporting society. Earth-Science Reviews, 250 ISSN:0012-8252 ISSN:1872-6828

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    Earth-Science Reviews
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      Earth-Science Reviews
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    Authors: Jean-Marc Barbier; Caroline Tardivo; Sylvestre Delmotte; Roberto Cittadini; +2 Authors

    Agricultural research is expected to foster agro-ecological transitions. For that purpose, methodologies of participative integrated assessment of new farming and cropping systems are requested. However, the territory level and the stakeholders’ participation are often not sufficiently embraced. Based on the companion modeling approach, a group of researchers from different disciplines experimented an approach where researchers and stakeholders collaborated intensively all along the process of design and use of the model. The researchers selected a small rural area where agriculture plays a major role (Valensole plateau, south of France) and where they had not carried out any investigation before. In such conditions, we argue that the interactions between researchers and stakeholders involved in the co-design from scratch of a simulation model stimulate a collective reflection about the sustainability of current and alternative farming systems. This article describes the different phases of the process from stakeholders’ enrolment until the final discussion of the results provided by the model. It underlines the conditions that favored the emergence of consensus and the production of a new set of knowledge. It emphasizes how the discordances between data and disagreements between stakeholders were used to stimulate collective debates and underlines the role played by the model. Finally, the article discusses the drawbacks that the approach did not overcome.

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    Italian Journal of Agronomy
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Italian Journal of Agronomy
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Agritrop
    Article . 2023
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      Italian Journal of Agronomy
      Article . 2024
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      Italian Journal of Agronomy
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Agritrop
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Marie Hrabanski; Sidonie Verdeil; Antoine Ducastel;

    This article examines the political dynamics of regulating decarbonised energy such as agrivoltaics and questions the intersectoral logics inherent in this energy. It examines the political dynamics of multi-level and multi-sector regulation of decarbonised energy such as agrivoltaics between the local and national levels and between the agricultural and energy sectors. It hypothesises that the political dynamics of agrivoltaics regulation are first and foremost multi-level: The national framework for agrivoltaics regulation is based on incentive instruments, in which the state attempts to develop a market to achieve its decarbonisation policy objectives via guaranteed feed-in tariffs, and also on an imprecise regulatory framework. At the same time, the regulation of agrivoltaic projects is a prerogative of the local level, paving the way for the development of diversified projects. Agrivoltaics also raises the question of the encounter between two historically well-established areas of public policy: energy decarbonisation policies and agrivoltaics. These strongly mobilise agriculture and farmers and call into question the traditional balances, institutions and sectoral divisions between the energy and agriculture sectors and their players.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Review of Agricultur...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Review of Agricultural Food and Environmental Studies
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer Nature TDM
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Agritrop
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Review of Agricultur...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Review of Agricultural Food and Environmental Studies
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Agritrop
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: M. Silberberg; M.M. Mialon; B. Meunier; I. Veissier;

    High-energy diets increase the risk of Sub-Acute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) inruminants. The behaviour of ruminants is modified under SARA however the impact onbehaviour of a high-energy diet and those of SARA per se are often confounded. Weaimed at distinguishing the effects of the diet and of SARA on cow behaviour. We fed28 Holstein cows a low-starch diet (low starch diet, 10.5% starch) or a high-starch diet(high starch diet, 31.5% starch). Control cows (n = 14) received the low starch diet for60 days, Challenge cows (n = 14) received the same diet except for a 2-week periodduring which they received the high starch diet and the 10 preceding days to ensurethe transition between diets. We monitored ruminal pH and activity of cows thanks tosensors, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk yield of each cow on a daily basis. TheSARA status was defined according to the relative decrease in ruminal pH and to pHvariability. High starch diet induced SARA more often than low starch diet (81% dayswhen cows received high starch diet vs. 8% when they received low starch diet. Highstarch diet also decreased milk yield and made cows spending less time eating buteating more quickly (Challenge vs. Control cows during the challenge period: milkyield, 20.0 vs. 18.2 L/d; % time spent eating, 22.5 vs. 27.6; eating rate, 77.1 vs. 69.6 gDMI/min; P (diet x period) 0.50). In conclusion, an increase ineating rate, especially combined with a decrease in milk yield should alert farmers tothe risk of ruminal acidosis. International audience

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    Animal - Open Space
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Animal - Open Space
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    Authors: Fedrecheski, Geovane; Vučinić, Mališa; Watteyne, Thomas;

    Authenticated key exchange protocols play a crucial role in the communication security stack of an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device: they authenticate the communicating parties and establish a shared symmetric secret between them.Following a large debate in the community, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has recently standardized a new protocol called EDHOC for authenticated key exchange targeting IoT environments.The EDHOC protocol performs a compact Diffie-Hellman key exchange handshake, requiring several times less bytes-over-the-air than the de-facto solution used in the Internet, the (D)TLS protocol.In this paper, we study how this reduction in message size correlates with the usage of other scarce resources in IoT environments: time, energy, and memory.We evaluate EDHOC and DTLS with different authentication configurations over two IoT radio technologies.First, we measure the EDHOC and DTLS handshakes on constrained hardware over an IEEE 802.15.4 radio.We observe that EDHOC achieves ×6 to ×14 reduction in packet sizes, ×1.44 improvement in handshake duration and ×2.79 reduction in energy consumed.Next, we simulate time on air on LoRaWAN networks and find that, in the most restrictive configuration (SF=12), DTLS uses at least ×7 more time on air than EDHOC.Finally, we measure flash memory and RAM usage, with the EDHOC implementation achieving a ×4 reduction in both. International audience

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    Authors: Yu, Ling; Fan, Lei; Ciais, Philippe; Xiao, Jingfeng; +11 Authors

    The carbon sinks of North American boreal forests have been threatened by global warming and forest disturbances in recent decades, but knowledge about the carbon balance of these forests in recent years remains unknown. We tracked annual aboveground carbon (AGC) changes from 2016 to 2021 across the forest regions of NASA’s Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) core study domain, using Vegetation Optical Depth derived from low-frequency passive microwave observations. The results showed that these forests showed a net AGC increase of + 28.49 Tg C/yr during the study period, with total AGC gains of + 219.34 Tg C/yr counteracting total AGC losses of −190.86 Tg C/yr. Forest degradation (-162.21 Tg C/yr), defined as a reduction in the capacity of forest to provide goods and services, contributes 5 times more to the total AGC loss than forest cover loss (-28.65 Tg C/yr), defined as the complete removal of tree cover. This indicates that degradation has dominated AGC loss in the region.

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    Authors: Pierrick Bocher; Marie Donnez; Audran Chenu; Tatiana Sviridova; +10 Authors

    Farmland birds are among the most threatened species in Europe, largely as a result of the intensification of agriculture leading to widespread biodiversity losses. Ground-breeding shorebirds in grassland and arable habitats are particularly exposed to human threats and predation in highly modified landscapes; however, parts of their populations still breed in natural habitats and could provide a reservoir for threatened populations. This study aimed to improve our knowledge of the spatio-temporal use of breeding habitats by Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata arquata in a core area of the population in remote north-eastern Europe. A total of 83 adult birds across Europe were tagged with GPS devices between 2014 and 2022 to analyse their home-range sizes, habitat use and hatching success. Birds were distributed at breeding sites from 52°N to 66°N between Finland and the Ural Mountains. Forty-one percent of individuals nested in bogs, 33% in grassland, and 20% in abandoned farmland. Birds nested predominantly in bogs at northern latitudes and in grassland at southern latitudes, while abandoned farmland was mainly used at intermediate latitudes. The mean home range was largest for birds breeding predominantly in grassland while birds in bogs had the highest hatching success rate. Russia and Finland host the core population of the subspecies N. a. arquata during breeding period, which is essential for preserving the species on a European scale. Their survival may depend on well-preserved bogs and the maintenance of grassland areas, given that large areas of abandoned farmland are destined to become either forest or to be reclaimed for cereal crops or fodder grass in the short and medium terms. Given the large breeding populations in both countries, Russia and Finland have major responsibilities to maintain these essential populations on a biogeographical scale. International audience

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    HAL-Rennes 1
    Article . 2024
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    Global Ecology and Conservation
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Global Ecology and Conservation
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      Global Ecology and Conservation
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      Global Ecology and Conservation
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    Authors: Mina Rady; Oana Iova; Hervé Rivano; Angeliki Deligianni; +1 Authors

    Wi-Fi is a standard off-the-shelf solution for industrial robotics. The IEEE 802.11ax amendment extends it to support the 6 GHz band, 160 MHz bandwidth and bit-rates up to 9.6 Gbps. In this article, we evaluate the performance of Wi-Fi 6 compared to Wi-Fi 5 and Wi-Fi 4. We select 9 physical layers (PHYs) representing different Wi-Fi generations and we evaluate their performance in an industrial shipyard in the presence of high radio frequency interference and metallic obstructions. We deploy setup of a robotic station (STA) and a controller STA with three applications running in parallel: a robotic STA is sending a high throughput stream to a controller, a Robotic Operating System (ROS) application is sending time-critical control commands to the robotic STA, Precision Time Protocol (PTP) keeps synchronizing the clocks between both STAs. We evaluate the performance in terms of three Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): streaming throughput, IP-level delay using PTP, and Application-level delay of ROS control packets. The networks are run in: Short range Line of Sight (LoS), Medium range LoS, Long range None-LoS (NLoS), and Long range mixed settings. We note that depending on the PHY configuration, an older Wi-Fi generation may outperform Wi-Fi 6. We further observe trade-offs between the different PHYs: wide channel PHYs (e.g. 160 MHz) had best throughput reaching up to 900 Mbps while PHYs while 80 MHz or 20 MHz bandwidth achieved as low as 9 ms delay. This motivates further research in multi-PHY adaptation for KPIs specific to industrial robotics. International audience

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    Ad Hoc Networks
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Ad Hoc Networks
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Hervé Louche; Annick Penarier; Philippe Nouvel; Bruno Clair; +2 Authors

    Xylem sap flow measurement is a key method to quantify plant water use and assess the responses to environmental conditions and climatic change. However, available methods are generally invasive and of limited portability. This paper presents a non-invasive approach called TIMFLOW that combines microwave heat pulse and infrared thermography, while having a high portability and versatility potential. The methodology was tested in laboratory conditions for black poplar (Populus nigra) stems of various diameters (10–45 mm) and for the known sap flow velocity range (10–100 cm h−1). The heat pulse was generated by microwaves with a power amplifier supplying a bi-quad antenna at 2.45 GHz frequency located near the stem. The scene was filmed using a relatively low-cost light and compact InfraRed (IR) thermography camera. A stem temperature map was used to determine the heat pulse propagation velocity. The calculated heat velocity was highly correlated with the applied flow velocity with a unique relationship regardless of the diameter. The latter result confirms the equation of Marshall (1958) which links the sap velocity to the heat velocity with a vessel fraction of around 25 % within samples. The feasibility of outdoor measurements was also successfully tested. The assumed potentials and limitations of the proposed methodology are discussed. In summary, the study demonstrates the concept and validates, in woody stems, this new methodology for non-invasive portable sap flow velocity measurement. International audience

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    Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    HAL-IRD
    Article . 2024
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      Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Mohamed Sami Assenine; Walid Bechkit; Ichrak Mokhtari; Hervé Rivano; +1 Authors

    Monitoring pollution plumes is a key issue, given the harmful effects they cause. The dynamic of these plumes, which may be important due to meteorological conditions, makes their study difficult. Real-time monitoring in order to obtain an accurate mapping of the pollution dispersion is helpful and valuable to mitigate risks. In this work, we consider a fleet of cooperative drones carrying pollution sensors and operating in order to assess a pollution plume. The latter is assumed to follow a Gaussian Process (GP) with varying parameters. For this use case, we propose an efficient approach to characterize spatially and temporarily the plume while optimizing the path planning of drones. In our approach, drones are guided by a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) model called Categorical Deep Q-Network (Categorical DQN) to maximize the plume coverage while considering budget constraints. Specifically, we develop a scalable Independent Q-Learning (IQL) scheme that shares team rewards based on each drone's deployment relevance and therefore ensures cooperation. We evaluate the performance of the plume parameter estimation as well as the maps generated by the GP regression. By testing our framework on several plume scenarios, we show that it offers good results in terms of both estimation quality and run-time efficiency. International audience

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    https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2...
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2...
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Shutler, Jamie D.; Gruber, Nicolas; id_orcid0000-0002-2085-2310; Findlay, Helen S.; Land, Peter E.; +18 Authors

    The strong control that the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have over Earth's climate identifies the need for accurate quantification of the emitted CO2 and its redistribution within the Earth system. The ocean annually absorbs more than a quarter of all CO2 emissions and this absorption is fundamentally altering the ocean chemistry. The ocean thus provides a fundamental component and powerful constraint within global carbon assessments used to guide policy action for reducing emissions. These carbon assessments rely heavily on satellite observations, but their inclusion is often invisible or opaque to policy. One reason is that satellite observations are rarely used exclusively, but often in conjunction with other types of observations, thereby complementing and expanding their usability yet losing their visibility. This exploitation of satellite observations led by the satellite and ocean carbon scientific communities is based on exciting developments in satellite science that have broadened the suite of environmental data that can now reliably be observed from space. However, the full potential of satellite observations to expand the scientific knowledge on critical processes such as the atmosphere-ocean exchange of CO2 and ocean acidification, including its impact on ocean health, remains largely unexplored. There is clear potential to begin using these observation-based approaches for directly guiding ocean management and conservation decisions, in particular in regions where in situ data collection is more difficult, and interest in them is growing within the environmental policy communities. We review these developments, identify new opportunities and scientific priorities, and identify that the formation of an international advisory group could accelerate policy relevant advancements within both the ocean carbon and satellite communities. Some barriers to understanding exist but these should not stop the exploitation and the full visibility of satellite observations to policy makers and users, so these observations can fulfil their full potential and recognition for supporting society. Earth-Science Reviews, 250 ISSN:0012-8252 ISSN:1872-6828

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    Earth-Science Reviews
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Earth-Science Reviews
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    Authors: Jean-Marc Barbier; Caroline Tardivo; Sylvestre Delmotte; Roberto Cittadini; +2 Authors

    Agricultural research is expected to foster agro-ecological transitions. For that purpose, methodologies of participative integrated assessment of new farming and cropping systems are requested. However, the territory level and the stakeholders’ participation are often not sufficiently embraced. Based on the companion modeling approach, a group of researchers from different disciplines experimented an approach where researchers and stakeholders collaborated intensively all along the process of design and use of the model. The researchers selected a small rural area where agriculture plays a major role (Valensole plateau, south of France) and where they had not carried out any investigation before. In such conditions, we argue that the interactions between researchers and stakeholders involved in the co-design from scratch of a simulation model stimulate a collective reflection about the sustainability of current and alternative farming systems. This article describes the different phases of the process from stakeholders’ enrolment until the final discussion of the results provided by the model. It underlines the conditions that favored the emergence of consensus and the production of a new set of knowledge. It emphasizes how the discordances between data and disagreements between stakeholders were used to stimulate collective debates and underlines the role played by the model. Finally, the article discusses the drawbacks that the approach did not overcome.

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    Italian Journal of Agronomy
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Italian Journal of Agronomy
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Agritrop
    Article . 2023
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      Italian Journal of Agronomy
      Article . 2024
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      Italian Journal of Agronomy
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Agritrop
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: Agritrop
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Marie Hrabanski; Sidonie Verdeil; Antoine Ducastel;

    This article examines the political dynamics of regulating decarbonised energy such as agrivoltaics and questions the intersectoral logics inherent in this energy. It examines the political dynamics of multi-level and multi-sector regulation of decarbonised energy such as agrivoltaics between the local and national levels and between the agricultural and energy sectors. It hypothesises that the political dynamics of agrivoltaics regulation are first and foremost multi-level: The national framework for agrivoltaics regulation is based on incentive instruments, in which the state attempts to develop a market to achieve its decarbonisation policy objectives via guaranteed feed-in tariffs, and also on an imprecise regulatory framework. At the same time, the regulation of agrivoltaic projects is a prerogative of the local level, paving the way for the development of diversified projects. Agrivoltaics also raises the question of the encounter between two historically well-established areas of public policy: energy decarbonisation policies and agrivoltaics. These strongly mobilise agriculture and farmers and call into question the traditional balances, institutions and sectoral divisions between the energy and agriculture sectors and their players.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Review of Agricultur...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Review of Agricultural Food and Environmental Studies
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer Nature TDM
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Agritrop
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: Agritrop
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Review of Agricultur...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Review of Agricultural Food and Environmental Studies
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Springer Nature TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Agritrop
      Article . 2024
      Data sources: Agritrop
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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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