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The following results are related to Rural Digital Europe. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.

  • Rural Digital Europe
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: M. Springmann; H. Kennard; C. Dalin; F. Freund;

    AbstractFood trade is generally perceived to increase the availability and diversity of foods available to consumers, but there is little empirical evidence on its implications for human health. Here we show that a substantial proportion of dietary risks and diet-related mortality worldwide is attributable to international food trade and that whether the contributions of food trade are positive or negative depends on the types of food traded. Using bilateral trade data for 2019 and food-specific risk–disease relationships, we estimate that imports of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts improved dietary risks in the importing countries and were associated with a reduction in mortality from non-communicable diseases of ~1.4 million deaths globally. By contrast, imports of red meat aggravated dietary risks in the importing countries and were associated with an increase of ~150,000 deaths. The magnitude of our findings suggests that considering impacts on dietary risks will become an important aspect of health-sensitive trade and agriculture policies, and of policy responses to disruptions in food chains.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Nature Foodarrow_drop_down
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    Nature Food
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    UCL Discovery
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: UCL Discovery
    Nature Food
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Nature Foodarrow_drop_down
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      Nature Food
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      UCL Discovery
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: UCL Discovery
      Nature Food
      Article . 2022
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    Authors: Graham A McAuliffe; John Lynch; Michelle Cain; Sarah Buckingham; +6 Authors

    Abstract The vast majority of agri-food climate-based sustainability analyses use global warming potential (GWP100) as an impact assessment, usually in isolation; however, in recent years, discussions have criticised the ‘across-the-board’ application of GWP100 in Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), particularly of food systems which generate large amounts of methane (CH4) and considered whether reporting additional and/or alternative metrics may be more applicable to certain circumstances or research questions (e.g. Global Temperature Change Potential (GTP)). This paper reports a largescale sensitivity analysis using a pasture-based beef production system (a high producer of CH4 emissions) as an exemplar to compare various climatatic impact assessments: CO2-equivalents using GWP100 and GTP100, and ‘CO2-warming-equivalents’ using ‘GWP Star’, or GWP*. The inventory for this system was compiled using data from the UK Research and Innovation National Capability, the North Wyke Farm Platform, in Devon, SW England. LCAs can have an important bearing on: (i) policymakers’ decisions; (ii) farmer management decisions; (iii) consumers’ purchasing habits; and (iv) wider perceptions of whether certain activities can be considered ‘sustainable’ or not; it is, therefore, the responsibility of LCA practitioners and scientists to ensure that subjective decisions are tested as robustly as possible through appropriate sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. We demonstrate herein that the choice of climate impact assessment has dramatic effects on interpretation, with GWP100 and GTP100 producing substantially different results due to their different treatments of CH4 in the context of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents. Given its dynamic nature and previously proven strong correspondence with climate models, out of the three assessments covered, GWP* provides the most complete coverage of the temporal evolution of temperature change for different greenhouse gas emissions. We extend previous discussions on the limitations of static emission metrics and encourage LCA practitioners to consider due care and attention where additional information or dynamic approaches may prove superior, scientifically speaking, particularly in cases of decision support.

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    Cranfield CERES
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Cranfield CERES
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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Environmental Resear...arrow_drop_down
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      Cranfield CERES
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Cranfield CERES
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
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    AbstractThis article examines crop varietal standardization in the United States. Numerous committees formed in the early twentieth century to address the problem of nomenclatural rules in the horticultural and agricultural industries. Making shared reference to a varietal name proved a difficult proposition for seed-borne crops because plant conformity tended to change in the hands of different breeders. Moreover, scientific and commercial opinions diverged on the value of deviations within crop varieties. I review the function of descriptive difference in the seed trade and in the framework of evolutionary theory before examining the institutional history of varietal standardization. Pimento peppers are used to represent how vegetables were treated differently than cereals. Lack of stability within a popular pimento variety caused problems for food packers in middle Georgia, which public breeders addressed by releasing new peppers. To conclude, the article questions the role of taxonomy in intellectual property, as breeding history and yield became defining attributes for making varietal distinctions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ History & Philosophy...arrow_drop_down
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    History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Apollo
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Apollo
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    Apollo
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Apollo
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Apollo
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      History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Apollo
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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      Apollo
      Article . 2023
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      Apollo
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Pant, Hitesh;

    The Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Bill currently being tabled in Parliament has come under significant scrutiny because of its implications for the future of food access and availability in the UK. Supporters of the bill argue that this gene-editing technology is essential to drive agricultural productivity to grow resilient crops and enhance the UK’s food security. However, small farmers and food activists claim that the bill’s reliance on technological interventions ignores the underlying structural barriers limiting the capability of the country’s rural workers to grow food on their own terms, and instead offers more financial concessions to large agri-biotech firms. This article situates the debates over the Precision Breeding Bill within a longer global history of agriculture, and calls for a measured approach to food policy that necessitates a closer scrutiny of past errors.

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    Apollo
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Apollo
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    Apollo
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Apollo
      Article . 2023
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      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Giulia De Togni; S. Erikainen; S. Chan; S. Cunningham-Burley;

    AbstractAI and robotic technologies attract much hype, including utopian and dystopian future visions of technologically driven provision in the health and care sectors. Based on 30 interviews with scientists, clinicians and other stakeholders in the UK, Europe, USA, Australia, and New Zealand, this paper interrogates how those engaged in developing and using AI and robotic applications in health and care characterize their future promise, potential and challenges. We explore the ways in which these professionals articulate and navigate a range of high and low expectations, and promissory and cautionary future visions, around AI and robotic technologies. We argue that, through these articulations and navigations, they construct their own perceptions of socially and ethically ‘acceptable futures’ framed by an ‘ethics of expectations.’ This imbues the envisioned futures with a normative character, articulated in relation to the present context. We build on existing work in the sociology of expectations, aiming to contribute towards better understanding of how technoscientific expectations are navigated and managed by professionals. This is particularly timely since the COVID-19 pandemic gave further momentum to these technologies.

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    AI & Society
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    AI & Society
    Article . 2022
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      AI & Society
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      AI & Society
      Article . 2022
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    Authors: Pankaj Pant; Havagiray Chitme; Reema Sircar; Ritu Prasad; +1 Authors

    Abstract Background The genetic make-up of local granulosa cells and their function in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is crucial to a full comprehension of the disorder. The major purpose of this study was to compare the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) and mural granulosa cells (MGCs) between healthy individuals and women with PCOS using genome-wide association analysis (GWA). A case–control study was conducted in a total of 24 women diagnosed with PCOS and 24 healthy non-PCOS women of reproductive age aggregated into 4 samples of 6 patients each. GWA studies entail several processes, such as cell separation, cellular DNA extraction, library preparation followed by interpretation using bioinformatics databases. SNP locations were identified by reference gene also involves the use of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) (MALDI-TOF-MS) for the first sorting. Hybridization with the gene chip was followed by reading the SNP genotypes according to the publications in the literature. TASSEL (Trait Analysis by aSSociation, Evolution and Linkage) program and methods were used for GWA studies. Results An aggregate of 21,039 SNP calls were obtained from our samples. Genes of autoimmune illnesses, obesity, inflammatory illnesses, nervous system diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, autism, neural tube defects, and Alzheimer's disease; and various malignancies such as lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer were also identified in these cells. Gene ranking score reveals that granulosa cells carry key genes of neurological system and reproductive systems especially in brain and testis, respectively. Conclusions Mural and Cumulus Granulosa cells were shown to have the PCOS directly and indirectly related genes MMP9, PRKAA2, COMT and HP. We found that the expression of ARID4B, MUC5AC, NID2, CREBBP, GNB1, KIF2C, COL18A1, and HNRNPC by these cells may contribute to PCOS. Graphical abstract

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    Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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    Authors: Sukhwinder Singh; Nikhil Venkateshmurthy; Kerry Brown; Avinav Maddury; +4 Authors

    Using primary data from 479 farmer households, this study examined the associations between agricultural and socioeconomic factors and farmer household dietary diversity in Visakhapatnam and Sonipat. Cropping intensity was positively associated with farmers’ household dietary diversity score (HDDS), suggesting that higher cropping intensity may expand the gross cropped area and improve food security among subsistence farmers. Distance to food markets was also significantly associated with farmer HDDS, which suggests that market integration with rural households can improve farmer HDDS in Visakhapatnam. In Sonipat, wealth index had a positive association with farmer HDDS, targeting the income pathway by improving farmer HDDS in this region. Considering the relative contribution of these factors, distance to food markets, cropping intensity, and crop diversity were the three most important factors affecting farmer HDDS in Visakhapatnam, whereas wealth index, cropping intensity, and distance to food markets emerged as the top three important factors contributing to farmer HDDS in Sonipat. Our study concludes that the associations between agricultural and socioeconomic factors and farmer HDDS are complex but context- and location-specific; therefore, considering the site- and context-specific circumstances, different connections to HDDS in India can be found to better support policy priorities on the ground.

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    Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Sustainability
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    Sustainability
    Article . 2023
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      Sustainability
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      Sustainability
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    Authors: Struwig, Nadia; van Stormbroek, Kirsty;

    BACKGROUND: Community service occupational therapists may be especially vulnerable to experiencing burnout. This study sought to determine the levels of burnout experienced by this population and to investigate the relationship between reported burnout and various contextual, personal, and demographic factors METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used. The online questionnaire included contextual information of the participants and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Data were analysed using Statistica 13.5. The effect of contextual, personal and demographic variables on burnout was tested using Kruskal-Wallis tests RESULTS: All community service occupational therapists were invited to participate in the study. A response rate of 31.92% was achieved (n=75). High levels of emotional exhaustion were reported by 55% (n=41) of participants. 'Strong' and 'adequate' support systems were associated to a greater sense of personal accomplishment (p=0.02) and 'minimal' social support was associated to increased emotional exhaustion (p=0.01). Dissatisfaction with supervision was associated to increased emotional exhaustion (p=0.017). Job satisfaction was associated to a greater sense of personal accomplishment (p=0.0002). Job dissatisfaction was associated to depersonalisation (p=0.047) and emotional exhaustion (p=0.006 CONCLUSION: Support systems, supervision and job satisfaction showed significant association to burnout. Interventions to address these factors, and research that further investigates the impact of contextual factors on burnout is recommended. This is imperative if South African occupational therapy is to take seriously its responsibility to the therapists responsible for taking services to populations with the greatest health needs Implications for practice • Opportunities for occupational therapists to develop professional resilience to prevent burnout should be offered across the lifelong learning continuum. • Strengthening supervision capacity and implementing mentoring and supervision strategies that provide mutual reward for both parties are needed. • The responsibility for promoting the vitality and job satisfaction of COSTs should be taken seriously by the Department of Health as CSOTs continue the vital work of taking rehabilitation to South Africa's populations with the greatest health needs.

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    South African Journal of Occupational Therapy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      South African Journal of Occupational Therapy
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    Authors: Laura E Smith; Dexter. T Chagwena; Claire Bourke; Ruairi Robertson; +18 Authors

    IntroductionOver one-quarter of children in sub-Saharan Africa are stunted; however, commercial supplements only partially meet child nutrient requirements, cannot be sustainably produced, and do not resolve physiological barriers to adequate nutrition (eg, inflammation, microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic dysfunction). Redesigning current infant and young child feeding (IYCF) interventions using locally available foods to improve intake, uptake and utilisation of nutrients could ameliorate underlying pathogenic pathways and improve infant growth during the critical period of complementary feeding, to reduce the global burden of stunting.Methods and analysisChild Health Agriculture Integrated Nutrition is an open-label, individual household randomised trial comparing the effects of IYCF versus ‘IYCF-plus’ on nutrient intake during infancy. The IYCF intervention comprises behaviour change modules to promote infant nutrition delivered by community health workers, plus small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements from 6 to 12 months of age which previously reduced stunting at 18 months of age by ~20% in rural Zimbabwe. The ‘IYCF-plus’ intervention provides these components plus powdered NUA-45 biofortified sugar beans, whole egg powder, moringa leaf powder and provitamin A maize. The trial will enrol 192 infants between 5 and 6 months of age in Shurugwi district, Zimbabwe. Research nurses will collect data plus blood, urine and stool samples at baseline (5–6 months of age) and endline (9–11 months of age). The primary outcome is energy intake, measured by multipass 24-hour dietary recall at 9–11 months of age. Secondary outcomes include nutrient intake, anthropometry and haemoglobin concentration. Nested laboratory substudies will evaluate the gut microbiome, environmental enteric dysfunction, metabolic phenotypes and innate immune function. Qualitative substudies will explore the acceptability and feasibility of the IYCF-plus intervention among participants and community stakeholders, and the effects of migration on food production and consumption.Ethics and disseminationThis trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04874688) and was approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ/A/2679) with the final version 1.4 approved on 20 August 2021, following additional amendments. Dissemination of trial results will be conducted through the Community Engagement Advisory Board in the study district and through national-level platforms.Trial registration numberNCT04874688.

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    BMJ Open
    Article . 2022
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    BMJ Open
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    BMJ Open
    Article . 2022
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      BMJ Open
      Article . 2022
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      BMJ Open
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    Authors: Matthew R. Smith; Nathaniel D. Mueller; Marco Springmann; Timothy B. Sulser; +4 Authors

    Fil: Smith, Matthew R. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Department of Environmental Health. Estados Unidos. Fil: Mueller, Nathaniel D. Colorado State University. Department of Ecosystem Science and Department of Soil and Crop Sciences. Estados Unidos. Fil: Springmann, Marco. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health. Reino Unido. Fil: Sulser, Timothy B. International Food Policy Research Institute. Environment and Production Technology Division. Estados Unidos. Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Gerber, James. University of Minnesota. Institute on the Environment. Estados Unidos. Fil: Wiebe, Keith. International Food Policy Research Institute. Environment and Production Technology Division. Estados Unidos. Fil: Myers, Samuel S. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Department of Environmental Health. Estados Unidos. Background: Animal pollination supports agricultural production for many healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes, that provide key nutrients and protect against noncommunicable disease. Today, most crops receive suboptimal pollination because of limited abundance and diversity of pollinating insects. Animal pollinators are currently suffering owing to a host of direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures: land-use change, intensive farming techniques, harmful pesticides, nutritional stress, and climate change, among others. Objectives: We aimed to model the impacts on current global human health from insufficient pollination via diet. Methods: We used a climate zonation approach to estimate current yield gaps for animal-pollinated foods and estimated the proportion of the gap attributable to insufficient pollinators based on existing research. We then simulated closing the "pollinator yield gaps" by eliminating the portion of total yield gaps attributable to insufficient pollination. Next, we used an agriculture-economic model to estimate the impacts of closing the pollinator yield gap on food production, interregional trade, and consumption. Finally, we used a comparative risk assessment to estimate the related changes in dietary risks and mortality by country and globally. In addition, we estimated the lost economic value of crop production for three diverse case-study countries: Honduras, Nepal, and Nigeria. Results: Globally, we calculated that 3%-5% of fruit, vegetable, and nut production is lost due to inadequate pollination, leading to an estimated 427,000 (95% uncertainty interval: 86,000, 691,000) excess deaths annually from lost healthy food consumption and associated diseases. Modeled impacts were unevenly distributed: Lost food production was concentrated in lower-income countries, whereas impacts on food consumption and mortality attributable to insufficient pollination were greater in middle- and high-income countries with higher rates of noncommunicable disease. Furthermore, in our three case-study countries, we calculated the economic value of crop production to be 12%-31% lower than if pollinators were abundant (due to crop production losses of 3%-19%), mainly due to lost fruit and vegetable production. Discussion: According to our analysis, insufficient populations of pollinators were responsible for large present-day burdens of disease through lost healthy food consumption. In addition, we calculated that low-income countries lost significant income and crop yields from pollinator deficits. These results underscore the urgent need to promote pollinator-friendly practices for both human health and agricultural livelihoods. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10947. -

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    Environmental Health Perspectives
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Health Perspectives
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: M. Springmann; H. Kennard; C. Dalin; F. Freund;

    AbstractFood trade is generally perceived to increase the availability and diversity of foods available to consumers, but there is little empirical evidence on its implications for human health. Here we show that a substantial proportion of dietary risks and diet-related mortality worldwide is attributable to international food trade and that whether the contributions of food trade are positive or negative depends on the types of food traded. Using bilateral trade data for 2019 and food-specific risk–disease relationships, we estimate that imports of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts improved dietary risks in the importing countries and were associated with a reduction in mortality from non-communicable diseases of ~1.4 million deaths globally. By contrast, imports of red meat aggravated dietary risks in the importing countries and were associated with an increase of ~150,000 deaths. The magnitude of our findings suggests that considering impacts on dietary risks will become an important aspect of health-sensitive trade and agriculture policies, and of policy responses to disruptions in food chains.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Nature Foodarrow_drop_down
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    Nature Food
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    UCL Discovery
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: UCL Discovery
    Nature Food
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Nature Foodarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Nature Food
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      UCL Discovery
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: UCL Discovery
      Nature Food
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Graham A McAuliffe; John Lynch; Michelle Cain; Sarah Buckingham; +6 Authors

    Abstract The vast majority of agri-food climate-based sustainability analyses use global warming potential (GWP100) as an impact assessment, usually in isolation; however, in recent years, discussions have criticised the ‘across-the-board’ application of GWP100 in Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), particularly of food systems which generate large amounts of methane (CH4) and considered whether reporting additional and/or alternative metrics may be more applicable to certain circumstances or research questions (e.g. Global Temperature Change Potential (GTP)). This paper reports a largescale sensitivity analysis using a pasture-based beef production system (a high producer of CH4 emissions) as an exemplar to compare various climatatic impact assessments: CO2-equivalents using GWP100 and GTP100, and ‘CO2-warming-equivalents’ using ‘GWP Star’, or GWP*. The inventory for this system was compiled using data from the UK Research and Innovation National Capability, the North Wyke Farm Platform, in Devon, SW England. LCAs can have an important bearing on: (i) policymakers’ decisions; (ii) farmer management decisions; (iii) consumers’ purchasing habits; and (iv) wider perceptions of whether certain activities can be considered ‘sustainable’ or not; it is, therefore, the responsibility of LCA practitioners and scientists to ensure that subjective decisions are tested as robustly as possible through appropriate sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. We demonstrate herein that the choice of climate impact assessment has dramatic effects on interpretation, with GWP100 and GTP100 producing substantially different results due to their different treatments of CH4 in the context of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents. Given its dynamic nature and previously proven strong correspondence with climate models, out of the three assessments covered, GWP* provides the most complete coverage of the temporal evolution of temperature change for different greenhouse gas emissions. We extend previous discussions on the limitations of static emission metrics and encourage LCA practitioners to consider due care and attention where additional information or dynamic approaches may prove superior, scientifically speaking, particularly in cases of decision support.

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    Cranfield CERES
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Cranfield CERES
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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      Cranfield CERES
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Cranfield CERES
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
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    AbstractThis article examines crop varietal standardization in the United States. Numerous committees formed in the early twentieth century to address the problem of nomenclatural rules in the horticultural and agricultural industries. Making shared reference to a varietal name proved a difficult proposition for seed-borne crops because plant conformity tended to change in the hands of different breeders. Moreover, scientific and commercial opinions diverged on the value of deviations within crop varieties. I review the function of descriptive difference in the seed trade and in the framework of evolutionary theory before examining the institutional history of varietal standardization. Pimento peppers are used to represent how vegetables were treated differently than cereals. Lack of stability within a popular pimento variety caused problems for food packers in middle Georgia, which public breeders addressed by releasing new peppers. To conclude, the article questions the role of taxonomy in intellectual property, as breeding history and yield became defining attributes for making varietal distinctions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ History & Philosophy...arrow_drop_down
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    History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Apollo
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Apollo
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    Apollo
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Apollo
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Apollo
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      History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Apollo
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Apollo
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      Apollo
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      Apollo
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pant, Hitesh;

    The Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Bill currently being tabled in Parliament has come under significant scrutiny because of its implications for the future of food access and availability in the UK. Supporters of the bill argue that this gene-editing technology is essential to drive agricultural productivity to grow resilient crops and enhance the UK’s food security. However, small farmers and food activists claim that the bill’s reliance on technological interventions ignores the underlying structural barriers limiting the capability of the country’s rural workers to grow food on their own terms, and instead offers more financial concessions to large agri-biotech firms. This article situates the debates over the Precision Breeding Bill within a longer global history of agriculture, and calls for a measured approach to food policy that necessitates a closer scrutiny of past errors.

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    Apollo
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Apollo
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    Apollo
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Apollo
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Apollo
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      Apollo
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Giulia De Togni; S. Erikainen; S. Chan; S. Cunningham-Burley;

    AbstractAI and robotic technologies attract much hype, including utopian and dystopian future visions of technologically driven provision in the health and care sectors. Based on 30 interviews with scientists, clinicians and other stakeholders in the UK, Europe, USA, Australia, and New Zealand, this paper interrogates how those engaged in developing and using AI and robotic applications in health and care characterize their future promise, potential and challenges. We explore the ways in which these professionals articulate and navigate a range of high and low expectations, and promissory and cautionary future visions, around AI and robotic technologies. We argue that, through these articulations and navigations, they construct their own perceptions of socially and ethically ‘acceptable futures’ framed by an ‘ethics of expectations.’ This imbues the envisioned futures with a normative character, articulated in relation to the present context. We build on existing work in the sociology of expectations, aiming to contribute towards better understanding of how technoscientific expectations are navigated and managed by professionals. This is particularly timely since the COVID-19 pandemic gave further momentum to these technologies.

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    AI & Society
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    AI & Society
    Article . 2022
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      AI & Society
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      AI & Society
      Article . 2022
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    Authors: Pankaj Pant; Havagiray Chitme; Reema Sircar; Ritu Prasad; +1 Authors

    Abstract Background The genetic make-up of local granulosa cells and their function in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is crucial to a full comprehension of the disorder. The major purpose of this study was to compare the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) and mural granulosa cells (MGCs) between healthy individuals and women with PCOS using genome-wide association analysis (GWA). A case–control study was conducted in a total of 24 women diagnosed with PCOS and 24 healthy non-PCOS women of reproductive age aggregated into 4 samples of 6 patients each. GWA studies entail several processes, such as cell separation, cellular DNA extraction, library preparation followed by interpretation using bioinformatics databases. SNP locations were identified by reference gene also involves the use of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) (MALDI-TOF-MS) for the first sorting. Hybridization with the gene chip was followed by reading the SNP genotypes according to the publications in the literature. TASSEL (Trait Analysis by aSSociation, Evolution and Linkage) program and methods were used for GWA studies. Results An aggregate of 21,039 SNP calls were obtained from our samples. Genes of autoimmune illnesses, obesity, inflammatory illnesses, nervous system diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, autism, neural tube defects, and Alzheimer's disease; and various malignancies such as lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer were also identified in these cells. Gene ranking score reveals that granulosa cells carry key genes of neurological system and reproductive systems especially in brain and testis, respectively. Conclusions Mural and Cumulus Granulosa cells were shown to have the PCOS directly and indirectly related genes MMP9, PRKAA2, COMT and HP. We found that the expression of ARID4B, MUC5AC, NID2, CREBBP, GNB1, KIF2C, COL18A1, and HNRNPC by these cells may contribute to PCOS. Graphical abstract

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    Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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    Authors: Sukhwinder Singh; Nikhil Venkateshmurthy; Kerry Brown; Avinav Maddury; +4 Authors

    Using primary data from 479 farmer households, this study examined the associations between agricultural and socioeconomic factors and farmer household dietary diversity in Visakhapatnam and Sonipat. Cropping intensity was positively associated with farmers’ household dietary diversity score (HDDS), suggesting that higher cropping intensity may expand the gross cropped area and improve food security among subsistence farmers. Distance to food markets was also significantly associated with farmer HDDS, which suggests that market integration with rural households can improve farmer HDDS in Visakhapatnam. In Sonipat, wealth index had a positive association with farmer HDDS, targeting the income pathway by improving farmer HDDS in this region. Considering the relative contribution of these factors, distance to food markets, cropping intensity, and crop diversity were the three most important factors affecting farmer HDDS in Visakhapatnam, whereas wealth index, cropping intensity, and distance to food markets emerged as the top three important factors contributing to farmer HDDS in Sonipat. Our study concludes that the associations between agricultural and socioeconomic factors and farmer HDDS are complex but context- and location-specific; therefore, considering the site- and context-specific circumstances, different connections to HDDS in India can be found to better support policy priorities on the ground.

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    Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Sustainability
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    Sustainability
    Article . 2023
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      Sustainability
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      Sustainability
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    Authors: Struwig, Nadia; van Stormbroek, Kirsty;

    BACKGROUND: Community service occupational therapists may be especially vulnerable to experiencing burnout. This study sought to determine the levels of burnout experienced by this population and to investigate the relationship between reported burnout and various contextual, personal, and demographic factors METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used. The online questionnaire included contextual information of the participants and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Data were analysed using Statistica 13.5. The effect of contextual, personal and demographic variables on burnout was tested using Kruskal-Wallis tests RESULTS: All community service occupational therapists were invited to participate in the study. A response rate of 31.92% was achieved (n=75). High levels of emotional exhaustion were reported by 55% (n=41) of participants. 'Strong' and 'adequate' support systems were associated to a greater sense of personal accomplishment (p=0.02) and 'minimal' social support was associated to increased emotional exhaustion (p=0.01). Dissatisfaction with supervision was associated to increased emotional exhaustion (p=0.017). Job satisfaction was associated to a greater sense of personal accomplishment (p=0.0002). Job dissatisfaction was associated to depersonalisation (p=0.047) and emotional exhaustion (p=0.006 CONCLUSION: Support systems, supervision and job satisfaction showed significant association to burnout. Interventions to address these factors, and research that further investigates the impact of contextual factors on burnout is recommended. This is imperative if South African occupational therapy is to take seriously its responsibility to the therapists responsible for taking services to populations with the greatest health needs Implications for practice • Opportunities for occupational therapists to develop professional resilience to prevent burnout should be offered across the lifelong learning continuum. • Strengthening supervision capacity and implementing mentoring and supervision strategies that provide mutual reward for both parties are needed. • The responsibility for promoting the vitality and job satisfaction of COSTs should be taken seriously by the Department of Health as CSOTs continue the vital work of taking rehabilitation to South Africa's populations with the greatest health needs.

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    South African Journal of Occupational Therapy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      South African Journal of Occupational Therapy
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    Authors: Laura E Smith; Dexter. T Chagwena; Claire Bourke; Ruairi Robertson; +18 Authors

    IntroductionOver one-quarter of children in sub-Saharan Africa are stunted; however, commercial supplements only partially meet child nutrient requirements, cannot be sustainably produced, and do not resolve physiological barriers to adequate nutrition (eg, inflammation, microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic dysfunction). Redesigning current infant and young child feeding (IYCF) interventions using locally available foods to improve intake, uptake and utilisation of nutrients could ameliorate underlying pathogenic pathways and improve infant growth during the critical period of complementary feeding, to reduce the global burden of stunting.Methods and analysisChild Health Agriculture Integrated Nutrition is an open-label, individual household randomised trial comparing the effects of IYCF versus ‘IYCF-plus’ on nutrient intake during infancy. The IYCF intervention comprises behaviour change modules to promote infant nutrition delivered by community health workers, plus small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements from 6 to 12 months of age which previously reduced stunting at 18 months of age by ~20% in rural Zimbabwe. The ‘IYCF-plus’ intervention provides these components plus powdered NUA-45 biofortified sugar beans, whole egg powder, moringa leaf powder and provitamin A maize. The trial will enrol 192 infants between 5 and 6 months of age in Shurugwi district, Zimbabwe. Research nurses will collect data plus blood, urine and stool samples at baseline (5–6 months of age) and endline (9–11 months of age). The primary outcome is energy intake, measured by multipass 24-hour dietary recall at 9–11 months of age. Secondary outcomes include nutrient intake, anthropometry and haemoglobin concentration. Nested laboratory substudies will evaluate the gut microbiome, environmental enteric dysfunction, metabolic phenotypes and innate immune function. Qualitative substudies will explore the acceptability and feasibility of the IYCF-plus intervention among participants and community stakeholders, and the effects of migration on food production and consumption.Ethics and disseminationThis trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04874688) and was approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ/A/2679) with the final version 1.4 approved on 20 August 2021, following additional amendments. Dissemination of trial results will be conducted through the Community Engagement Advisory Board in the study district and through national-level platforms.Trial registration numberNCT04874688.

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    BMJ Open
    Article . 2022
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    BMJ Open
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    BMJ Open
    Article . 2022
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      BMJ Open
      Article . 2022
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      BMJ Open
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    Authors: Matthew R. Smith; Nathaniel D. Mueller; Marco Springmann; Timothy B. Sulser; +4 Authors

    Fil: Smith, Matthew R. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Department of Environmental Health. Estados Unidos. Fil: Mueller, Nathaniel D. Colorado State University. Department of Ecosystem Science and Department of Soil and Crop Sciences. Estados Unidos. Fil: Springmann, Marco. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health. Reino Unido. Fil: Sulser, Timothy B. International Food Policy Research Institute. Environment and Production Technology Division. Estados Unidos. Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Gerber, James. University of Minnesota. Institute on the Environment. Estados Unidos. Fil: Wiebe, Keith. International Food Policy Research Institute. Environment and Production Technology Division. Estados Unidos. Fil: Myers, Samuel S. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Department of Environmental Health. Estados Unidos. Background: Animal pollination supports agricultural production for many healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes, that provide key nutrients and protect against noncommunicable disease. Today, most crops receive suboptimal pollination because of limited abundance and diversity of pollinating insects. Animal pollinators are currently suffering owing to a host of direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures: land-use change, intensive farming techniques, harmful pesticides, nutritional stress, and climate change, among others. Objectives: We aimed to model the impacts on current global human health from insufficient pollination via diet. Methods: We used a climate zonation approach to estimate current yield gaps for animal-pollinated foods and estimated the proportion of the gap attributable to insufficient pollinators based on existing research. We then simulated closing the "pollinator yield gaps" by eliminating the portion of total yield gaps attributable to insufficient pollination. Next, we used an agriculture-economic model to estimate the impacts of closing the pollinator yield gap on food production, interregional trade, and consumption. Finally, we used a comparative risk assessment to estimate the related changes in dietary risks and mortality by country and globally. In addition, we estimated the lost economic value of crop production for three diverse case-study countries: Honduras, Nepal, and Nigeria. Results: Globally, we calculated that 3%-5% of fruit, vegetable, and nut production is lost due to inadequate pollination, leading to an estimated 427,000 (95% uncertainty interval: 86,000, 691,000) excess deaths annually from lost healthy food consumption and associated diseases. Modeled impacts were unevenly distributed: Lost food production was concentrated in lower-income countries, whereas impacts on food consumption and mortality attributable to insufficient pollination were greater in middle- and high-income countries with higher rates of noncommunicable disease. Furthermore, in our three case-study countries, we calculated the economic value of crop production to be 12%-31% lower than if pollinators were abundant (due to crop production losses of 3%-19%), mainly due to lost fruit and vegetable production. Discussion: According to our analysis, insufficient populations of pollinators were responsible for large present-day burdens of disease through lost healthy food consumption. In addition, we calculated that low-income countries lost significant income and crop yields from pollinator deficits. These results underscore the urgent need to promote pollinator-friendly practices for both human health and agricultural livelihoods. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10947. -

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    Environmental Health Perspectives
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Health Perspectives
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