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  • Rural Digital Europe
  • Publications
  • HAL - UPEC / UPEM

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bruno Fady; Edoardo Esposito; Khaled Abulaila; Jelena M. Aleksic; +34 Authors

    Purpose of Review: Recognizing that in the context of global change, tree genetic diversity represents a crucial resource for future forest adaptation, we review and highlight the major forest genetics research achievements of the past decades in biodiversity-rich countries of the Mediterranean region. For this, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature spanning the past thirty years (1991–2020). Putting together the representative regionwide expertise of our co-authorship, we propose research perspectives for the next decade. Recent Findings: Forest genetics research in Mediterranean countries is organized into three different scientific domains of unequal importance. The domain “Population diversity and Differentiation” related to over 62% of all publications of the period, the domain “Environmental conditions, growth and stress response” to almost 23%, and the domain “Phylogeography” to almost 15%. Citation rate was trending the opposite way, indicating a strong and sustained interest in phylogeography and a rising interest for genetics research related to climate change and drought resistance. The share of publications from Asia and Africa to the total within the Mediterranean increased significantly during the 30-year period analyzed, reaching just below 30% during the last decade. Summary: Describing poorly known species and populations, including marginal populations, using the full potential of genomic methods, testing adaptation in common gardens, and modeling adaptive capacity to build reliable scenarios for forest management remain strategic research priorities. Delineating areas of high and low genetic diversity, for conservation and restoration, respectively, is needed. Joining forces between forest management and forest research, sharing data, experience, and knowledge within and among countries will have to progress significantly, e.g., to assess the potential of Mediterranean genetic resources as assisted migration material worldwide. Introductory quote:: Let us collect with care the facts we can observe, let us consult experience wherever we can, and when this experience is inaccessible to us, let us assemble all the inductions which observation of facts analogous to those which escape us can furnish and let us assert nothing categorically; in this way, we shall be able little by little to discover the causes of a multitude of natural phenomena, and, perhaps, even of phenomena which seem the most incomprehensible.. J.B. de Lamarck (Philosophie zoologique, 1809), cited by O. Langlet (1971). European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 676876 COST Action FP1202 “Strengthening conservation: a key issue for adaptation of marginal/peripheral populations of forest trees to climate change in Europe (MaP-FGR) 22 Pág. Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR) Peer reviewed

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Current Forestry Rep...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Current Forestry Rep...arrow_drop_down
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  • Authors: François, Bénédicte;

    International audience; Haut Comité Juridique de la Place Financière de Paris, « L'adaptation de la gouvernance des sociétés en valorisant l'expérience de la crise sanitaire », rapport du groupe de travail coprésidé par M. A. Couret, professeur émérite de l'Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne et avocat associé, KPMG avocats, et par Mme A. Outin-Adam, ex-Directrice des politiques juridiques et économiques de la CCI Paris Île de France, 30 mars 2022, RA47.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Sannino A.; Amoruso S.; Damiano R.; Scollo S.; +2 Authors

    Volcanic plume aerosol following the paroxysmal event of Mount Etna (Italy) in February 21st - 26th, 2021 was detected in Naples area (Italy), together with transport of Saharan dust aerosol, combining lidar, sunphotometer and satellite observations with back-trajectories and dispersion models simulations. Lidar data allowed to clearly distinguish the two main aerosol components, to investigate the spectral dependence of the aerosol optical properties and to retrieve their microphysical properties, essential for a detailed aerosol characterization. A new Monte Carlo algorithm, capable of retrieving the particle size distribution from lidar measurements, was applied. Lidar results are in good agreement with columnar integrated sunphotometer data. This combination of novel lidar observations of the vertically-resolved aerosol microphysics, column observations and modelling allows for a more complete description of multi-layered aerosol conditions. International audience

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    Atmospheric Research; CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    HAL - UPEC / UPEM
    Article . 2022
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    HAL Descartes
    Article . 2022
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  • Authors: Alexandre Baron; Valentin Duflot; Patrick Chazette; Marco Gaetani; +5 Authors

    In the southern hemisphere, the dry season from June to October coincides with the occurrence of significant fires especially located along the tropical belt in Africa and South America. This fire activity is an important source of aerosols in the tropical troposphere and results in smoke plumes transported across long distances toward area generally aerosol-free. The atmospheric composition over the Indian Ocean is often influenced by biomass burning plumes shaped by the synoptic atmospheric circulation with high pressure over southern Africa and the movement of westerly waves that may embedded cut-off lows. The propagation over the Indian Ocean is then dependent on the position of the Mascarene High. The meandering shape of the plumes is then associated with an aerosol atmospheric river (AAR). Such a phenomenon has been sampled by spaceborne lidars and spectro-radiometers, and even observed above La Réunion (21.1°S, 55.3°E) during September 2017 by a ground-based lidar and a sun-photometer. The Li1200, an operational lidar in the frame of the Atmospheric Physics Reunion Observatory (OPAR), recorded the passage of an AAR during two nights. These measurements allow us to derive both the vertical structures of the plume and some vertically resolved aerosol optical properties. This information was used to constrain Lagrangian modelling tools to identify the pathways and origins of the biomass burning plume. These results have been corroborated by the spaceborne observations of CALIOP and CATS, and the passive sensor MODIS. Reanalysis of ECMWF with atmospheric composition outputs from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) supports the understanding of the synoptic conditions leading to the formation of this aerosol plume configuration. We will present our scientific approach and discuss the environmental impact of these AARs in the southwest Indian Ocean. International audience

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    Authors: Bellè, Severin-Luca; Riotte, Jean; Backhaus, Norman; Sekhar, Muddu; +2 Authors

    Organic matter management is key to sustain ecosystem services provided by soils. However, it is rarely considered in a holistic view, considering local resources, agro-environmental effects and harmonization with farmers' needs. Organic inputs, like compost and biochar, could represent a sustainable solution to massive current challenges associated to the intensification of agriculture, in particular for tropical regions. Here we assess the potential of agricultural residues as a resource for farmer communities in southwestern India to reduce their dependency on external inputs and sustain ecosystem services. We propose a novel joint evaluation of farmers' aspirations together with agro-environmental effects of organic inputs on soils. Our soil quality evaluation showed that biochar alone or with compost did not improve unilaterally soils in the tropics (Anthroposol, Ferralsol and Vertisol). Many organic inputs led to an initial decrease in water-holding capacities of control soils (-27.3%: coconut shell biochar with compost on Anthroposol). Responses to organic matter inputs for carbon were strongest for Ferralsols (+33.4% with rice husk biochar), and mostly positive for Anthroposols and Vertisols (+12.5% to +13.8% respectively). Soil pH responses were surprisingly negative for Ferralsols and only positive if biochar was applied alone (between-5.6% to +1.9%). For Anthroposols and Vertisols, highest increases were achieved with rice husk biochar + vermicomposts (+7.2% and +5.2% respectively). Our socioeconomic evaluation showed that farmers with a stronger economical position showed greater interest towards technology like biochar (factor 1.3 to 1.6 higher for farmers cultivating Anthroposols and/or Vertisols compared to Ferralsols), while poorer farmers more skepticism, which may lead to an increased economical gap within rural communities if technologies are not implemented with long-term guidance. These results advocate for an interdisciplinary evaluation of agricultural technology prior to its implementation as a development tool in the field. International audience

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    PLoS ONE
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    DOAJ; PLoS ONE
    Article . 2022
    https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-22...
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  • Authors: Dorso, Franck; Muçi, Stela;

    L’article aborde le processus de patrimonialisation en Albanie. La question est d’abord replacée dans le cheminement historique du pays, puis de la ville et enfin du quartier Stacioni i Trenit, qui accueillait la gare centrale, détruite en 2013, et des installations agricoles, démantelées après le changement politique de 1990. Cet ensemble prend aujourd’hui la forme d’une friche de vingt-cinq hectares caractérisée par une variété d’usages informels, la reprivatisation inachevée du foncier et un projet de transformation urbaine. Nous explorerons comment les héritages agricoles et ferroviaires de Stacioni i Trenit sont pratiqués, identifiés et utilisés par les différents acteurs dans ce contexte, et dans quelle mesure le processus de patrimonialisation devient un révélateur de dynamiques sociales et spatiales plus larges à l’échelle de Tirana et de l’Albanie d’aujourd’hui. Les données présentées dans le texte procèdent d’une recherche pluridisciplinaire associant urbanisme, architecture, sociologie et anthropologie depuis 2018. The article discusses the process of heritage development in Albania. The issue is first placed in the country’s historical path, then in the city and in the Stacioni i Trenit district, which housed the central station, destroyed in 2013, and agricultural facilities, dismantled after the political change in 1990. This complex now takes the form of a twenty-five hectare wasteland, characterized by a variety of informal uses, the unfinished reprivatization of land, and a major urban transformation project. We will explore how the agricultural and railway legacies of Stacioni i Trenit are practiced, identified and used by the different actors in this context, and to what extent the heritageization process becomes a revealer of social and spatial dynamics on a larger scale in Tirana and Albania today. Datas presented in the text is the result of a multidisciplinary research associating urban planning, architecture, sociology and anthropology since 2018.

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    Authors: Kouamé, Yao,; Millan, Mathieu; N'Dri, Aya,; Charles-Dominique, Tristan; +3 Authors

    Highlights • New allometric equations were developed for predicting aboveground and belowground biomass (AGB and BGB) of trees and multi-stemmed shrubs in the Guinean savannas based on field measurements, providing information for West African mesic savannas and filling a critical knowledge gap. • AGB and BGB of trees were better predicted from the quantity ρD b 2 H (with ρ the specific wood density in g cm-3 , D b the stem basal diameter in cm, and H the tree height in m). • Obtaining accurate estimates of AGB and BGB in multi-stemmed shrubs required additional consideration of the total number of stems. • The root/shoot biomass ratio decreased with increasing of the stem size (measured by D b) for trees but remains relatively unchanged for shrubs. International audience

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    Silva Fennica
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Webb, Nicholas; Edwards, Brandon; Pierre, Caroline;

    International audience; Human land uses and land management systems have created anthropogenic environments that influence rates of wind erosion and dust emission. This article begins by reviewing the sensitivity of aeolian processes to anthropogenic land use and management. It reviews the latest research addressing anthropogenic wind erosion, including impacts on agroecosystems, human health and built infrastructure. Conceptual frameworks underpinning assessments are critically evaluated relative to the state-of-the-science and support for wind erosion management. The article then explores how future research can connect anthropogenic wind erosion mitigation to broader land management and air quality objectives.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    HAL - UPEC / UPEM; Hal-Diderot
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2020
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Part of book or chapter of book . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Michael R. Giordano; Carl Malings; Spyros N. Pandis; Albert A. Presto; +4 Authors

    International audience; Low-cost sensors for particulate matter mass (PM) enable spatially dense, high temporal resolution measurements of air quality that traditional reference monitoring cannot. Low-cost PM sensors are especially beneficial in low and middle-income countries where few, if any, reference grade measurements exist and in areas where the concentration fields of air pollutants have significant spatial gradients. Unfortunately, low-cost PM sensors also come with a number of challenges that must be addressed if their data products are to be used for anything more than a qualitative characterization of air quality. The various PM sensors used in low-cost monitors are all subject to biases and calibration dependencies, corrections for which range from relatively straightforward (e.g. meteorology, age of sensor) to complex (e.g. aerosol source, composition, refractive index). The methods for correcting and calibrating these biases and dependencies that have been used in the literature likewise range from simple linear and quadratic models to complex machine learning algorithms. Here we review the needs and challenges when trying to get high-quality data from low-cost sensors. We also present a set of best practices to follow to obtain high-quality data from these low-cost sensors.

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    Journal of Aerosol Science
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Aerosol S...arrow_drop_down
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      Journal of Aerosol Science
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Oleg Dubovik; David Fuertes; Pavel Litvinov; Anton Lopatin; +30 Authors

    We describe an approach called the Multi-term Least Square Method (LSM) that has been used to develop complex aerosol inversion algorithms for a number of years and applied to retrievals of laboratory and ground-based measurements. Theoretically, it was shown how to unite the advantages of a variety of approaches and to provide transparency and flexibility in development of practically efficient retrievals. From a practical viewpoint, this approach provides a methodology for using multiple a priori constraints to atmospheric problems where rather different groups of parameters should be retrieved simultaneously. For example, Dubovik and King (J. Geophys. Res., 2000, 105, 673–696) used multi-term LSM for designing the algorithm that retrieves aerosol size distribution and spectrally dependent complex index of refraction from Sun/sky-radiometer ground-based observations. Furthermore, the significant potential of the multi-term LSM approach was demonstrated with the development of the GRASP (Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) algorithm. The GRASP algorithm is based on several generalization principles with the idea to develop a scientifically rigorous and versatile algorithm. It has significantly extended capabilities and areas of applicability and can be applied to diverse remote sensing observations. This paper also illustrates the practical applicability of GRASP and, therefore the multi-term LSM, in diverse situations. International audience

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    DOAJ-Articles
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.17169/refub...
    Other literature type . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://doi.org/10.13016/m2qux...
    Other literature type . 2021
    License: PDM
    Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bruno Fady; Edoardo Esposito; Khaled Abulaila; Jelena M. Aleksic; +34 Authors

    Purpose of Review: Recognizing that in the context of global change, tree genetic diversity represents a crucial resource for future forest adaptation, we review and highlight the major forest genetics research achievements of the past decades in biodiversity-rich countries of the Mediterranean region. For this, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature spanning the past thirty years (1991–2020). Putting together the representative regionwide expertise of our co-authorship, we propose research perspectives for the next decade. Recent Findings: Forest genetics research in Mediterranean countries is organized into three different scientific domains of unequal importance. The domain “Population diversity and Differentiation” related to over 62% of all publications of the period, the domain “Environmental conditions, growth and stress response” to almost 23%, and the domain “Phylogeography” to almost 15%. Citation rate was trending the opposite way, indicating a strong and sustained interest in phylogeography and a rising interest for genetics research related to climate change and drought resistance. The share of publications from Asia and Africa to the total within the Mediterranean increased significantly during the 30-year period analyzed, reaching just below 30% during the last decade. Summary: Describing poorly known species and populations, including marginal populations, using the full potential of genomic methods, testing adaptation in common gardens, and modeling adaptive capacity to build reliable scenarios for forest management remain strategic research priorities. Delineating areas of high and low genetic diversity, for conservation and restoration, respectively, is needed. Joining forces between forest management and forest research, sharing data, experience, and knowledge within and among countries will have to progress significantly, e.g., to assess the potential of Mediterranean genetic resources as assisted migration material worldwide. Introductory quote:: Let us collect with care the facts we can observe, let us consult experience wherever we can, and when this experience is inaccessible to us, let us assemble all the inductions which observation of facts analogous to those which escape us can furnish and let us assert nothing categorically; in this way, we shall be able little by little to discover the causes of a multitude of natural phenomena, and, perhaps, even of phenomena which seem the most incomprehensible.. J.B. de Lamarck (Philosophie zoologique, 1809), cited by O. Langlet (1971). European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 676876 COST Action FP1202 “Strengthening conservation: a key issue for adaptation of marginal/peripheral populations of forest trees to climate change in Europe (MaP-FGR) 22 Pág. Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR) Peer reviewed

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Current Forestry Rep...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • Authors: François, Bénédicte;

    International audience; Haut Comité Juridique de la Place Financière de Paris, « L'adaptation de la gouvernance des sociétés en valorisant l'expérience de la crise sanitaire », rapport du groupe de travail coprésidé par M. A. Couret, professeur émérite de l'Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne et avocat associé, KPMG avocats, et par Mme A. Outin-Adam, ex-Directrice des politiques juridiques et économiques de la CCI Paris Île de France, 30 mars 2022, RA47.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Sannino A.; Amoruso S.; Damiano R.; Scollo S.; +2 Authors

    Volcanic plume aerosol following the paroxysmal event of Mount Etna (Italy) in February 21st - 26th, 2021 was detected in Naples area (Italy), together with transport of Saharan dust aerosol, combining lidar, sunphotometer and satellite observations with back-trajectories and dispersion models simulations. Lidar data allowed to clearly distinguish the two main aerosol components, to investigate the spectral dependence of the aerosol optical properties and to retrieve their microphysical properties, essential for a detailed aerosol characterization. A new Monte Carlo algorithm, capable of retrieving the particle size distribution from lidar measurements, was applied. Lidar results are in good agreement with columnar integrated sunphotometer data. This combination of novel lidar observations of the vertically-resolved aerosol microphysics, column observations and modelling allows for a more complete description of multi-layered aerosol conditions. International audience

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    Atmospheric Research; CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    HAL - UPEC / UPEM
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: HAL - UPEC / UPEM
    HAL Descartes
    Article . 2022
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  • Authors: Alexandre Baron; Valentin Duflot; Patrick Chazette; Marco Gaetani; +5 Authors

    In the southern hemisphere, the dry season from June to October coincides with the occurrence of significant fires especially located along the tropical belt in Africa and South America. This fire activity is an important source of aerosols in the tropical troposphere and results in smoke plumes transported across long distances toward area generally aerosol-free. The atmospheric composition over the Indian Ocean is often influenced by biomass burning plumes shaped by the synoptic atmospheric circulation with high pressure over southern Africa and the movement of westerly waves that may embedded cut-off lows. The propagation over the Indian Ocean is then dependent on the position of the Mascarene High. The meandering shape of the plumes is then associated with an aerosol atmospheric river (AAR). Such a phenomenon has been sampled by spaceborne lidars and spectro-radiometers, and even observed above La Réunion (21.1°S, 55.3°E) during September 2017 by a ground-based lidar and a sun-photometer. The Li1200, an operational lidar in the frame of the Atmospheric Physics Reunion Observatory (OPAR), recorded the passage of an AAR during two nights. These measurements allow us to derive both the vertical structures of the plume and some vertically resolved aerosol optical properties. This information was used to constrain Lagrangian modelling tools to identify the pathways and origins of the biomass burning plume. These results have been corroborated by the spaceborne observations of CALIOP and CATS, and the passive sensor MODIS. Reanalysis of ECMWF with atmospheric composition outputs from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) supports the understanding of the synoptic conditions leading to the formation of this aerosol plume configuration. We will present our scientific approach and discuss the environmental impact of these AARs in the southwest Indian Ocean. International audience

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    Authors: Bellè, Severin-Luca; Riotte, Jean; Backhaus, Norman; Sekhar, Muddu; +2 Authors

    Organic matter management is key to sustain ecosystem services provided by soils. However, it is rarely considered in a holistic view, considering local resources, agro-environmental effects and harmonization with farmers' needs. Organic inputs, like compost and biochar, could represent a sustainable solution to massive current challenges associated to the intensification of agriculture, in particular for tropical regions. Here we assess the potential of agricultural residues as a resource for farmer communities in southwestern India to reduce their dependency on external inputs and sustain ecosystem services. We propose a novel joint evaluation of farmers' aspirations together with agro-environmental effects of organic inputs on soils. Our soil quality evaluation showed that biochar alone or with compost did not improve unilaterally soils in the tropics (Anthroposol, Ferralsol and Vertisol). Many organic inputs led to an initial decrease in water-holding capacities of control soils (-27.3%: coconut shell biochar with compost on Anthroposol). Responses to organic matter inputs for carbon were strongest for Ferralsols (+33.4% with rice husk biochar), and mostly positive for Anthroposols and Vertisols (+12.5% to +13.8% respectively). Soil pH responses were surprisingly negative for Ferralsols and only positive if biochar was applied alone (between-5.6% to +1.9%). For Anthroposols and Vertisols, highest increases were achieved with rice husk biochar + vermicomposts (+7.2% and +5.2% respectively). Our socioeconomic evaluation showed that farmers with a stronger economical position showed greater interest towards technology like biochar (factor 1.3 to 1.6 higher for farmers cultivating Anthroposols and/or Vertisols compared to Ferralsols), while poorer farmers more skepticism, which may lead to an increased economical gap within rural communities if technologies are not implemented with long-term guidance. These results advocate for an interdisciplinary evaluation of agricultural technology prior to its implementation as a development tool in the field. International audience

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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ; PLoS ONE
    Article . 2022
    https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-22...
    Other literature type . 2022
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      PLoS ONE
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      DOAJ; PLoS ONE
      Article . 2022
      https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-22...
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  • Authors: Dorso, Franck; Muçi, Stela;

    L’article aborde le processus de patrimonialisation en Albanie. La question est d’abord replacée dans le cheminement historique du pays, puis de la ville et enfin du quartier Stacioni i Trenit, qui accueillait la gare centrale, détruite en 2013, et des installations agricoles, démantelées après le changement politique de 1990. Cet ensemble prend aujourd’hui la forme d’une friche de vingt-cinq hectares caractérisée par une variété d’usages informels, la reprivatisation inachevée du foncier et un projet de transformation urbaine. Nous explorerons comment les héritages agricoles et ferroviaires de Stacioni i Trenit sont pratiqués, identifiés et utilisés par les différents acteurs dans ce contexte, et dans quelle mesure le processus de patrimonialisation devient un révélateur de dynamiques sociales et spatiales plus larges à l’échelle de Tirana et de l’Albanie d’aujourd’hui. Les données présentées dans le texte procèdent d’une recherche pluridisciplinaire associant urbanisme, architecture, sociologie et anthropologie depuis 2018. The article discusses the process of heritage development in Albania. The issue is first placed in the country’s historical path, then in the city and in the Stacioni i Trenit district, which housed the central station, destroyed in 2013, and agricultural facilities, dismantled after the political change in 1990. This complex now takes the form of a twenty-five hectare wasteland, characterized by a variety of informal uses, the unfinished reprivatization of land, and a major urban transformation project. We will explore how the agricultural and railway legacies of Stacioni i Trenit are practiced, identified and used by the different actors in this context, and to what extent the heritageization process becomes a revealer of social and spatial dynamics on a larger scale in Tirana and Albania today. Datas presented in the text is the result of a multidisciplinary research associating urban planning, architecture, sociology and anthropology since 2018.

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    Authors: Kouamé, Yao,; Millan, Mathieu; N'Dri, Aya,; Charles-Dominique, Tristan; +3 Authors

    Highlights • New allometric equations were developed for predicting aboveground and belowground biomass (AGB and BGB) of trees and multi-stemmed shrubs in the Guinean savannas based on field measurements, providing information for West African mesic savannas and filling a critical knowledge gap. • AGB and BGB of trees were better predicted from the quantity ρD b 2 H (with ρ the specific wood density in g cm-3 , D b the stem basal diameter in cm, and H the tree height in m). • Obtaining accurate estimates of AGB and BGB in multi-stemmed shrubs required additional consideration of the total number of stems. • The root/shoot biomass ratio decreased with increasing of the stem size (measured by D b) for trees but remains relatively unchanged for shrubs. International audience

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    Silva Fennica
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY SA
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    Article . 2022
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      Silva Fennica
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Webb, Nicholas; Edwards, Brandon; Pierre, Caroline;

    International audience; Human land uses and land management systems have created anthropogenic environments that influence rates of wind erosion and dust emission. This article begins by reviewing the sensitivity of aeolian processes to anthropogenic land use and management. It reviews the latest research addressing anthropogenic wind erosion, including impacts on agroecosystems, human health and built infrastructure. Conceptual frameworks underpinning assessments are critically evaluated relative to the state-of-the-science and support for wind erosion management. The article then explores how future research can connect anthropogenic wind erosion mitigation to broader land management and air quality objectives.

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    https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    HAL - UPEC / UPEM; Hal-Diderot
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2020
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      https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Michael R. Giordano; Carl Malings; Spyros N. Pandis; Albert A. Presto; +4 Authors

    International audience; Low-cost sensors for particulate matter mass (PM) enable spatially dense, high temporal resolution measurements of air quality that traditional reference monitoring cannot. Low-cost PM sensors are especially beneficial in low and middle-income countries where few, if any, reference grade measurements exist and in areas where the concentration fields of air pollutants have significant spatial gradients. Unfortunately, low-cost PM sensors also come with a number of challenges that must be addressed if their data products are to be used for anything more than a qualitative characterization of air quality. The various PM sensors used in low-cost monitors are all subject to biases and calibration dependencies, corrections for which range from relatively straightforward (e.g. meteorology, age of sensor) to complex (e.g. aerosol source, composition, refractive index). The methods for correcting and calibrating these biases and dependencies that have been used in the literature likewise range from simple linear and quadratic models to complex machine learning algorithms. Here we review the needs and challenges when trying to get high-quality data from low-cost sensors. We also present a set of best practices to follow to obtain high-quality data from these low-cost sensors.

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    Journal of Aerosol Science
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Aerosol Science
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Oleg Dubovik; David Fuertes; Pavel Litvinov; Anton Lopatin; +30 Authors

    We describe an approach called the Multi-term Least Square Method (LSM) that has been used to develop complex aerosol inversion algorithms for a number of years and applied to retrievals of laboratory and ground-based measurements. Theoretically, it was shown how to unite the advantages of a variety of approaches and to provide transparency and flexibility in development of practically efficient retrievals. From a practical viewpoint, this approach provides a methodology for using multiple a priori constraints to atmospheric problems where rather different groups of parameters should be retrieved simultaneously. For example, Dubovik and King (J. Geophys. Res., 2000, 105, 673–696) used multi-term LSM for designing the algorithm that retrieves aerosol size distribution and spectrally dependent complex index of refraction from Sun/sky-radiometer ground-based observations. Furthermore, the significant potential of the multi-term LSM approach was demonstrated with the development of the GRASP (Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) algorithm. The GRASP algorithm is based on several generalization principles with the idea to develop a scientifically rigorous and versatile algorithm. It has significantly extended capabilities and areas of applicability and can be applied to diverse remote sensing observations. This paper also illustrates the practical applicability of GRASP and, therefore the multi-term LSM, in diverse situations. International audience

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2021
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    Article . 2021
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    https://doi.org/10.17169/refub...
    Other literature type . 2021
    License: CC BY
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    https://doi.org/10.13016/m2qux...
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