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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mary Stacey Ayuko; Job Kibiwot Lagat; Michael Hauser; Kevin Okoth Ouko; +1 Authors

    AbstractThe global feed production has increased in the past few years. Despite the growing trend, the current production does not meet the demand in Kenya. The government of Kenya has initiated several efforts towards promoting fodder production to increase milk production and household income. This study analysed the effects of fodder production on household income in Homa Bay County, Kenya using the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique. The study used primary data collected through structured questionnaires in Homabay County, Kenya from a sample size of 300 smallholder farmers. Results indicated that years of schooling, herd size, household size, labour used in land preparation, and land size under fodder had a positive influence on the probability of farmers to mainly feed their livestock on Napier grass. On the contrary, the number of extension contacts negatively influenced the probability of farmers feeding their livestock on Napier grass. Results show that there was a significant difference between the incomes of farmers who fed their cattle on Napier grass and those who mainly grazed their cattle on natural grass. Specifically, smallholder farmers who fed their livestock on Napier grass reported a Kshs. 3,916.67 (USD 25.71) higher income than their counterparts who grazed their livestock on natural grass reflecting an increase by 24.94%. Thus, the study recommends the need for both the national and county governments to incorporate fodder production as a key area for livestock development agenda in their policy plans to improve the farmers’ income.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cogent Food & Ag...arrow_drop_down
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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cogent Food & Ag...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2024
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Billy Okemer Ipara; David Jakinda Otieno; Rose Adhiambo Nyikal; Nabwile Stellah Makokha;

    AbstractNewcastle disease (ND) poses a major challenge to Kenyan farmers who raise local chicken in a free-range system. The lack of consistent poultry rearing practices makes it unclear how farmers manage the disease. Insufficient awareness and negative perceptions contribute to the problem, leading to poor management and increased disease outbreaks. The extent of Kenyan farmers’ awareness and perceptions of ND also remains poorly documented. This study examined ND awareness, perceptions, and factors influencing awareness using a binary logit model on data from 332 farmers in high rainfall (Kakamega) and low rainfall (Machakos) regions in Kenya. Limited access to support services (34% extension, 25% training and 25% credit) was observed. The ND was perceived as a significant chicken disease, causing high mortality and losses during outbreaks. Awareness of ND was higher in high-rainfall areas. The household type, access to extension services and credit, training, and group membership significantly influenced ND awareness. Strengthening group membership is recommended for improved access to relevant information. Kakamega and Machakos county governments should invest more in targeted extension services, potentially collaborating with private providers and development partners. Financial institutions should also tailor their products to fit chicken farmers’ needs.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cogent Food & Ag...arrow_drop_down
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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2024
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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cogent Food & Ag...arrow_drop_down
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2024
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Victorine Akinyi Onyango; George Owuor; Elizaphan James Rao; David Jakinda Otieno;

    AbstractApart from generating Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the dairy industry in Kenya contributes to the employment of over a million people along the milk value chain. The sub-sector, however, still experiences low productivity and extensive informal marketing. Farmers have, therefore, formed cooperative societies that have received support in cooling plants and access to dairy services, animal health and artificial insemination. However, participation by members of these cooperative societies is still low, and participation’s impact on income has not been determined. This study sought to assess the impact of the choice of cooperatives on smallholder dairy farmers’ incomes. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from a sample of 277 Nyamira and Homa Bay Counties farmers. An endogenous switching regression model was used to analyze data. The results indicated that cooperative market participation increased farmers’ incomes by about 10%. The results also revealed that distance to market, milk payment period, number of lactating cows, farm size, and farmer location influenced farmers’ decision to participate in the cooperatives. Furthermore, the level of education, number of lactating cows, farm size, access to off-farm income and access to extension services were significant in determining farmers’ income. This paper suggests policies that increase cooperative market participation for smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cogent Food & Ag...arrow_drop_down
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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cogent Food & Ag...arrow_drop_down
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Amadu Yaya Kamara; Oyakhilomen Oyinbo; Hakeem A. Ajeigbe; Ezekiel O. Idowu; +1 Authors

    ABSTRACTThe empirical literature on plot-level adoption of sustainable intensification technologies (SITs), as a package comprising improved crop varieties and good agronomic management practices is thin for dryland crops, such as sorghum. In this paper, we analyze the adoption and impacts of SITs on sorghum yield and net revenue using data from a sample of 1680 households and 3310 plots in the sorghum belt of Nigeria. Our estimates are based on a multinomial endogenous switching regression, which accounts for observable and unobservable sources of selection bias. We find a relatively low joint adoption of both improved sorghum varieties and good agronomic practices. In addition, we find that the adoption of only improved sorghum varieties and the joint adoption of both improved sorghum varieties and good agronomic practices led to a 56 and 102% increase in sorghum yield, respectively, and an 88 and 82% increase in net revenue, respectively. The yield and net revenue effects indicate that there are considerable missing opportunities that sorghum-producing households can harness through the adoption of SITs. Our findings reveal that policies tailored towards promoting the widespread adoption of SITs can lead to considerable productivity gains and economic returns for smallholder sorghum farmers towards improving their welfare.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ International Journa...arrow_drop_down
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    Other literature type . 2023
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    International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ International Journa...arrow_drop_down
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      International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Muazu Issifu; Labode Hospice Stevenson Naitchede; Elijah Miinda Ateka; Justus Onguso; +1 Authors

    AbstractPlant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria enhances nutritional availability during root colonization. Pseudomonas is the most popular bioinoculant due to its synergistic effects on plant development. This study evaluated the impact of four Pseudomonas strain substrate inoculations on tomato phenology, yield, and selected phytochemical components relevant to human health. The bacterial isolates have been characterized morphologically, biochemically, physiologically, and phylogenetically. Tomato plants on cocopeat substrate were inoculated individually with a bacterial suspension (optical density [OD]600 2.0). Controls included nitrogen–phosphate–potassium (NPK) fertilizer and tap water. The greenhouse experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with five replications. Data were taken 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after inoculation. All four bacterial isolates could fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate, and potassium and synthesize indole acetic acid in vitro. The 16S rRNA of the strains BF1P2‐6, BF2P1‐2, BF2P5‐1, and BF4P2‐5 were identified as Pseudomonas putida Y22, Pseudomonas taiwanensis GDLB‐32, Pseudomonas monteilii Bil‐NOR3_15, and Pseudomonas fluorescens Y5, respectively. The strains grew best at pH 7, NaCl 0.0%, and 35°C. Inoculated tomato plants tested over a period of 4 months in a greenhouse showed a significant increase in growth, leaf variables, and yield attributes. Pseudomonas‐inoculated plants were the highest in tannins (46.96 mg/100 g), followed by lycopene (45.57 mg/100 g) and Carotenoids (31.87 mg/100 g). The antioxidant activity of tomato fruit extracts showed the potential for free radicals scavenging activity against 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. Conditions such as pH and electrical conductivity for the cocopeat substrate were within acceptable limits. Bacterial strains and NPK increased cocopeat nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium bioavailability. This study reveals that Pseudomonas strains improve plant growth, yield, and health‐related phytochemical substances in tomato fruits, which could broaden their application in fruit and vegetable crops.

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    Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Emmanuely Z. Nungula; Jayne Mugwe; Jamal Nasar; Boniface H. J. Massawe; +6 Authors

    AbstractIn Tanzania, land degradation has been ranked as the top environmental problem for more than 62 years after independence. Land degradation is a catalyst for poverty increment in rural people’s livelihoods by contributing up to a 48% increase in poverty of this population. This paper highlights land degradation as a key constraint to sunflower production while looking at the potential role of Geographic Information System (GIS) in revitalizing the sector. The review focuses on Tanzania, where sunflower production is done mainly by smallholder farmers as a cash crop and a source of vegetable oil. Sunflower production is threatened by land degradation in the form of nutrient mining that decreases the fertility of the soil, hence lowering its potential. Such degradation is mainly contributed to by continuous crop cultivation without replenishment of the soil fertility, crop removal after harvesting, and low fertilizer input. This calls for the adoption of modern systems of utilizing GIS, in assessing the suitability potential of the land giving the best decision in managing and adopting the right soil management practices for increasing and sustaining the productivity of the farmland concerning sunflower production in Tanzania.

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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2023
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Ghada Sahbeni; Balázs Székely; Peter K. Musyimi; Gábor Timár; +1 Authors

    Effective crop monitoring and accurate yield estimation are fundamental for informed decision-making in agricultural management. In this context, the present research focuses on estimating wheat yield in Nepal at the district level by combining Sentinel-3 SLSTR imagery with soil data and topographic features. Due to Nepal’s high-relief terrain, its districts exhibit diverse geographic and soil properties, leading to a wide range of yields, which poses challenges for modeling efforts. In light of this, we evaluated the performance of two machine learning algorithms, namely, the gradient boosting machine (GBM) and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The results demonstrated the superiority of the XGBoost-based model, achieving a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.89 and an RMSE of 0.3 t/ha for training, with an R2 of 0.61 and an RMSE of 0.42 t/ha for testing. The calibrated model improved the overall accuracy of yield estimates by up to 10% compared to GBM. Notably, total nitrogen content, slope, total column water vapor (TCWV), organic matter, and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) significantly influenced the predicted values. This study highlights the effectiveness of combining multi-source data and Sentinel-3 SLSTR, particularly proposing XGBoost as an alternative tool for accurately estimating yield at lower costs. Consequently, the findings suggest comprehensive and robust estimation models for spatially explicit yield forecasting and near-future yield projection using satellite data acquired two months before harvest. Future work can focus on assessing the suitability of agronomic practices in the region, thereby contributing to the early detection of yield anomalies and ensuring food security at the national level.

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    AgriEngineering
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    AgriEngineering
    Article . 2023
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      AgriEngineering
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      AgriEngineering
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Samuel P. Mutuma; Wangare L. Ngare; Eric K. Bett; Christopher N. Kamau;

    AbstractIn Kenya, smartphones are readily available at lower cost than before, allowing farmers to access agricultural information through mobile applications. However, despite increased ownership of smartphones and the availability of mobile applications, the overall usage of mobile applications is still low. This research aimed to assess the factors that determine the adoption of mobile phone applications among smallholder dairy farmers in Tharaka Nithi County of Kenya. A multistage stratified sampling procedure was used to interview 427 farmers. A Double Hurdle approach was employed to analyze the drivers of decision and extent of adoption of mobile applications. The study revealed that 51% of the respondents used mobile applications to access agricultural information. The decision to use a mobile phone application was influenced by the sex of the household head, age and level of education, distance to the market center, farming (as the primary occupation), access to credit, channels of access to information, farmer’s perception on the cost and ease of use of the mobile application. Subsequently, farm size and the various channels through which farmers access information about the applications positively influenced the number of mobile applications used. This study recommends strengthening the existing extension pathways to disseminate more information regarding the use of mobile applications among smallholder farmers. Supporting public-private partnerships will be crucial in increasing the utilization of mobile phone applications.

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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2023
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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2023
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Sylvia Mutinda; Muhammad Jamil; Jian You Wang; Lamis Berqdar; +4 Authors

    Societal Impact StatementStriga is a parasitic plant that greatly limits the production of Africa's most staple cereals, including sorghum. Infection occurs when the parasite germinates in response to biomolecules emitted into the soil from the host's roots. Some sorghum genotypes harbor a mutation that makes them ineffective in stimulating Striga seed germination. This resistance is of great importance because of its possible application in Striga management. Here, additional resistant sorghum genotypes with varying levels of Striga resistance are discussed in the context of their candidacy for integration in breeding programs and their possible role in alleviating food insecurity in sub‐Saharan Africa by reducing crop losses because of Striga infestation.Summary Sorghum is a food staple for millions of people in sub‐Saharan Africa, but its production is greatly diminished by Striga, a parasitic weed. An efficient and cost‐effective way of managing Striga in smallholder farms in Africa is to deploy resistant varieties of sorghum. Here, we leverage genomics and the vast genetic diversity of sorghum—evolutionarily adapted to cope with Striga parasitism in Africa—to identify new Striga‐resistant sorghum genotypes by exploiting a resistance mechanism hinged on communication molecules called strigolactones (SLs), exuded by hosts to trigger parasite seed germination. We achieved this by mining for mutant alleles of the LOW GERMINATION STIMULANT 1 (LGS1) that are ineffective in stimulating Striga germination from the sorghum accession panel (SAP). Our analysis identified lgs1 sorghum genotypes, which we named SAP‐lgs1. SAP‐lgs1 had the SL exudation profile of known lgs1 sorghum, whose hallmark is the production of the low inducer of germination, orobanchol. Laboratory and field resistance screens showed that the SAP‐lgs1 genotypes also exhibited remarkable resistance against Striga. Our findings have the potential to reduce crop losses because of Striga parasitism and therefore have far‐reaching implications for improving food security in Africa.

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    Plants, People, Planet
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Plants, People, Planet
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    Authors: Tarun Kumar Lohani; Gordon Sigu; Nellie Oduor; Selim Reza; +1 Authors

    The site suitability assessment of Bamboo in Kenya was studied for diverse agroecological zones (AEZs) comprising one indigenous and fifteen exotic bamboo species in nine different AEZs of Kenya. Three bamboo clumps from each species that were at least five years old were assessed to accurately capture data on growth performance and yield. Soil samples collected at 0–30 cm depth from different areas varied considerably. The proportion of soil varied across the bamboo planting sites (F(1,11) = 24.94; p  < 0.001), soil pH in the planting sites varied significantly (F(1,11) = 13.92; p  < 0.001), and soil bulk densities had different results (F(1,11) = 13.92; p  < 0.001). The lowest bulk density (0.61 ± 0.01) was recorded in Kakamega (UM1), while the highest (1.63 ± 0.01) was reported in Gede. Data on characteristics of clumps and internode length and wall thickness integrated through GenStat statistical software using ANOVA entail a huge variation in growth performance for each bamboo species across planting sites. Morphological characters were also studied in detail. The mean height, diameter, and stocking density were comparatively lower even in elevated zones that were only 200 m below its natural range. This resulted in an extremely low yield, which is not viable for economic investment. The species is unsuitable for plantation establishment outside its natural range of 2300 m–3200 m above the sea level (a.s.l.). Plantation below this range will not dissipate but will not attain a healthy growth. The primary use will be restricted for ornamental and conservation purposes such as scaffolding, roof construction, and fabrication of basic household furniture.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mary Stacey Ayuko; Job Kibiwot Lagat; Michael Hauser; Kevin Okoth Ouko; +1 Authors

    AbstractThe global feed production has increased in the past few years. Despite the growing trend, the current production does not meet the demand in Kenya. The government of Kenya has initiated several efforts towards promoting fodder production to increase milk production and household income. This study analysed the effects of fodder production on household income in Homa Bay County, Kenya using the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique. The study used primary data collected through structured questionnaires in Homabay County, Kenya from a sample size of 300 smallholder farmers. Results indicated that years of schooling, herd size, household size, labour used in land preparation, and land size under fodder had a positive influence on the probability of farmers to mainly feed their livestock on Napier grass. On the contrary, the number of extension contacts negatively influenced the probability of farmers feeding their livestock on Napier grass. Results show that there was a significant difference between the incomes of farmers who fed their cattle on Napier grass and those who mainly grazed their cattle on natural grass. Specifically, smallholder farmers who fed their livestock on Napier grass reported a Kshs. 3,916.67 (USD 25.71) higher income than their counterparts who grazed their livestock on natural grass reflecting an increase by 24.94%. Thus, the study recommends the need for both the national and county governments to incorporate fodder production as a key area for livestock development agenda in their policy plans to improve the farmers’ income.

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    Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
    Article . 2024
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    Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
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    Authors: Billy Okemer Ipara; David Jakinda Otieno; Rose Adhiambo Nyikal; Nabwile Stellah Makokha;

    AbstractNewcastle disease (ND) poses a major challenge to Kenyan farmers who raise local chicken in a free-range system. The lack of consistent poultry rearing practices makes it unclear how farmers manage the disease. Insufficient awareness and negative perceptions contribute to the problem, leading to poor management and increased disease outbreaks. The extent of Kenyan farmers’ awareness and perceptions of ND also remains poorly documented. This study examined ND awareness, perceptions, and factors influencing awareness using a binary logit model on data from 332 farmers in high rainfall (Kakamega) and low rainfall (Machakos) regions in Kenya. Limited access to support services (34% extension, 25% training and 25% credit) was observed. The ND was perceived as a significant chicken disease, causing high mortality and losses during outbreaks. Awareness of ND was higher in high-rainfall areas. The household type, access to extension services and credit, training, and group membership significantly influenced ND awareness. Strengthening group membership is recommended for improved access to relevant information. Kakamega and Machakos county governments should invest more in targeted extension services, potentially collaborating with private providers and development partners. Financial institutions should also tailor their products to fit chicken farmers’ needs.

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    Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
    Article . 2024
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    Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
      Article . 2024
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      Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Victorine Akinyi Onyango; George Owuor; Elizaphan James Rao; David Jakinda Otieno;

    AbstractApart from generating Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the dairy industry in Kenya contributes to the employment of over a million people along the milk value chain. The sub-sector, however, still experiences low productivity and extensive informal marketing. Farmers have, therefore, formed cooperative societies that have received support in cooling plants and access to dairy services, animal health and artificial insemination. However, participation by members of these cooperative societies is still low, and participation’s impact on income has not been determined. This study sought to assess the impact of the choice of cooperatives on smallholder dairy farmers’ incomes. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from a sample of 277 Nyamira and Homa Bay Counties farmers. An endogenous switching regression model was used to analyze data. The results indicated that cooperative market participation increased farmers’ incomes by about 10%. The results also revealed that distance to market, milk payment period, number of lactating cows, farm size, and farmer location influenced farmers’ decision to participate in the cooperatives. Furthermore, the level of education, number of lactating cows, farm size, access to off-farm income and access to extension services were significant in determining farmers’ income. This paper suggests policies that increase cooperative market participation for smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya.

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    Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
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      Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
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      Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
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    Authors: Amadu Yaya Kamara; Oyakhilomen Oyinbo; Hakeem A. Ajeigbe; Ezekiel O. Idowu; +1 Authors

    ABSTRACTThe empirical literature on plot-level adoption of sustainable intensification technologies (SITs), as a package comprising improved crop varieties and good agronomic management practices is thin for dryland crops, such as sorghum. In this paper, we analyze the adoption and impacts of SITs on sorghum yield and net revenue using data from a sample of 1680 households and 3310 plots in the sorghum belt of Nigeria. Our estimates are based on a multinomial endogenous switching regression, which accounts for observable and unobservable sources of selection bias. We find a relatively low joint adoption of both improved sorghum varieties and good agronomic practices. In addition, we find that the adoption of only improved sorghum varieties and the joint adoption of both improved sorghum varieties and good agronomic practices led to a 56 and 102% increase in sorghum yield, respectively, and an 88 and 82% increase in net revenue, respectively. The yield and net revenue effects indicate that there are considerable missing opportunities that sorghum-producing households can harness through the adoption of SITs. Our findings reveal that policies tailored towards promoting the widespread adoption of SITs can lead to considerable productivity gains and economic returns for smallholder sorghum farmers towards improving their welfare.

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    International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Muazu Issifu; Labode Hospice Stevenson Naitchede; Elijah Miinda Ateka; Justus Onguso; +1 Authors

    AbstractPlant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria enhances nutritional availability during root colonization. Pseudomonas is the most popular bioinoculant due to its synergistic effects on plant development. This study evaluated the impact of four Pseudomonas strain substrate inoculations on tomato phenology, yield, and selected phytochemical components relevant to human health. The bacterial isolates have been characterized morphologically, biochemically, physiologically, and phylogenetically. Tomato plants on cocopeat substrate were inoculated individually with a bacterial suspension (optical density [OD]600 2.0). Controls included nitrogen–phosphate–potassium (NPK) fertilizer and tap water. The greenhouse experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with five replications. Data were taken 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after inoculation. All four bacterial isolates could fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate, and potassium and synthesize indole acetic acid in vitro. The 16S rRNA of the strains BF1P2‐6, BF2P1‐2, BF2P5‐1, and BF4P2‐5 were identified as Pseudomonas putida Y22, Pseudomonas taiwanensis GDLB‐32, Pseudomonas monteilii Bil‐NOR3_15, and Pseudomonas fluorescens Y5, respectively. The strains grew best at pH 7, NaCl 0.0%, and 35°C. Inoculated tomato plants tested over a period of 4 months in a greenhouse showed a significant increase in growth, leaf variables, and yield attributes. Pseudomonas‐inoculated plants were the highest in tannins (46.96 mg/100 g), followed by lycopene (45.57 mg/100 g) and Carotenoids (31.87 mg/100 g). The antioxidant activity of tomato fruit extracts showed the potential for free radicals scavenging activity against 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. Conditions such as pH and electrical conductivity for the cocopeat substrate were within acceptable limits. Bacterial strains and NPK increased cocopeat nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium bioavailability. This study reveals that Pseudomonas strains improve plant growth, yield, and health‐related phytochemical substances in tomato fruits, which could broaden their application in fruit and vegetable crops.

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    Agrosystems, Geosciences &amp; Environment
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Agrosystems, Geosciences &amp; Environment
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Emmanuely Z. Nungula; Jayne Mugwe; Jamal Nasar; Boniface H. J. Massawe; +6 Authors

    AbstractIn Tanzania, land degradation has been ranked as the top environmental problem for more than 62 years after independence. Land degradation is a catalyst for poverty increment in rural people’s livelihoods by contributing up to a 48% increase in poverty of this population. This paper highlights land degradation as a key constraint to sunflower production while looking at the potential role of Geographic Information System (GIS) in revitalizing the sector. The review focuses on Tanzania, where sunflower production is done mainly by smallholder farmers as a cash crop and a source of vegetable oil. Sunflower production is threatened by land degradation in the form of nutrient mining that decreases the fertility of the soil, hence lowering its potential. Such degradation is mainly contributed to by continuous crop cultivation without replenishment of the soil fertility, crop removal after harvesting, and low fertilizer input. This calls for the adoption of modern systems of utilizing GIS, in assessing the suitability potential of the land giving the best decision in managing and adopting the right soil management practices for increasing and sustaining the productivity of the farmland concerning sunflower production in Tanzania.

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    Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
    Article . 2023
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      Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ghada Sahbeni; Balázs Székely; Peter K. Musyimi; Gábor Timár; +1 Authors

    Effective crop monitoring and accurate yield estimation are fundamental for informed decision-making in agricultural management. In this context, the present research focuses on estimating wheat yield in Nepal at the district level by combining Sentinel-3 SLSTR imagery with soil data and topographic features. Due to Nepal’s high-relief terrain, its districts exhibit diverse geographic and soil properties, leading to a wide range of yields, which poses challenges for modeling efforts. In light of this, we evaluated the performance of two machine learning algorithms, namely, the gradient boosting machine (GBM) and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The results demonstrated the superiority of the XGBoost-based model, achieving a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.89 and an RMSE of 0.3 t/ha for training, with an R2 of 0.61 and an RMSE of 0.42 t/ha for testing. The calibrated model improved the overall accuracy of yield estimates by up to 10% compared to GBM. Notably, total nitrogen content, slope, total column water vapor (TCWV), organic matter, and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) significantly influenced the predicted values. This study highlights the effectiveness of combining multi-source data and Sentinel-3 SLSTR, particularly proposing XGBoost as an alternative tool for accurately estimating yield at lower costs. Consequently, the findings suggest comprehensive and robust estimation models for spatially explicit yield forecasting and near-future yield projection using satellite data acquired two months before harvest. Future work can focus on assessing the suitability of agronomic practices in the region, thereby contributing to the early detection of yield anomalies and ensuring food security at the national level.

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    AgriEngineering
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    AgriEngineering
    Article . 2023
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      AgriEngineering
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      AgriEngineering
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Samuel P. Mutuma; Wangare L. Ngare; Eric K. Bett; Christopher N. Kamau;

    AbstractIn Kenya, smartphones are readily available at lower cost than before, allowing farmers to access agricultural information through mobile applications. However, despite increased ownership of smartphones and the availability of mobile applications, the overall usage of mobile applications is still low. This research aimed to assess the factors that determine the adoption of mobile phone applications among smallholder dairy farmers in Tharaka Nithi County of Kenya. A multistage stratified sampling procedure was used to interview 427 farmers. A Double Hurdle approach was employed to analyze the drivers of decision and extent of adoption of mobile applications. The study revealed that 51% of the respondents used mobile applications to access agricultural information. The decision to use a mobile phone application was influenced by the sex of the household head, age and level of education, distance to the market center, farming (as the primary occupation), access to credit, channels of access to information, farmer’s perception on the cost and ease of use of the mobile application. Subsequently, farm size and the various channels through which farmers access information about the applications positively influenced the number of mobile applications used. This study recommends strengthening the existing extension pathways to disseminate more information regarding the use of mobile applications among smallholder farmers. Supporting public-private partnerships will be crucial in increasing the utilization of mobile phone applications.

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    Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Sylvia Mutinda; Muhammad Jamil; Jian You Wang; Lamis Berqdar; +4 Authors

    Societal Impact StatementStriga is a parasitic plant that greatly limits the production of Africa's most staple cereals, including sorghum. Infection occurs when the parasite germinates in response to biomolecules emitted into the soil from the host's roots. Some sorghum genotypes harbor a mutation that makes them ineffective in stimulating Striga seed germination. This resistance is of great importance because of its possible application in Striga management. Here, additional resistant sorghum genotypes with varying levels of Striga resistance are discussed in the context of their candidacy for integration in breeding programs and their possible role in alleviating food insecurity in sub‐Saharan Africa by reducing crop losses because of Striga infestation.Summary Sorghum is a food staple for millions of people in sub‐Saharan Africa, but its production is greatly diminished by Striga, a parasitic weed. An efficient and cost‐effective way of managing Striga in smallholder farms in Africa is to deploy resistant varieties of sorghum. Here, we leverage genomics and the vast genetic diversity of sorghum—evolutionarily adapted to cope with Striga parasitism in Africa—to identify new Striga‐resistant sorghum genotypes by exploiting a resistance mechanism hinged on communication molecules called strigolactones (SLs), exuded by hosts to trigger parasite seed germination. We achieved this by mining for mutant alleles of the LOW GERMINATION STIMULANT 1 (LGS1) that are ineffective in stimulating Striga germination from the sorghum accession panel (SAP). Our analysis identified lgs1 sorghum genotypes, which we named SAP‐lgs1. SAP‐lgs1 had the SL exudation profile of known lgs1 sorghum, whose hallmark is the production of the low inducer of germination, orobanchol. Laboratory and field resistance screens showed that the SAP‐lgs1 genotypes also exhibited remarkable resistance against Striga. Our findings have the potential to reduce crop losses because of Striga parasitism and therefore have far‐reaching implications for improving food security in Africa.

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    Plants, People, Planet
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Plants, People, Planet
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Tarun Kumar Lohani; Gordon Sigu; Nellie Oduor; Selim Reza; +1 Authors

    The site suitability assessment of Bamboo in Kenya was studied for diverse agroecological zones (AEZs) comprising one indigenous and fifteen exotic bamboo species in nine different AEZs of Kenya. Three bamboo clumps from each species that were at least five years old were assessed to accurately capture data on growth performance and yield. Soil samples collected at 0–30 cm depth from different areas varied considerably. The proportion of soil varied across the bamboo planting sites (F(1,11) = 24.94; p  < 0.001), soil pH in the planting sites varied significantly (F(1,11) = 13.92; p  < 0.001), and soil bulk densities had different results (F(1,11) = 13.92; p  < 0.001). The lowest bulk density (0.61 ± 0.01) was recorded in Kakamega (UM1), while the highest (1.63 ± 0.01) was reported in Gede. Data on characteristics of clumps and internode length and wall thickness integrated through GenStat statistical software using ANOVA entail a huge variation in growth performance for each bamboo species across planting sites. Morphological characters were also studied in detail. The mean height, diameter, and stocking density were comparatively lower even in elevated zones that were only 200 m below its natural range. This resulted in an extremely low yield, which is not viable for economic investment. The species is unsuitable for plantation establishment outside its natural range of 2300 m–3200 m above the sea level (a.s.l.). Plantation below this range will not dissipate but will not attain a healthy growth. The primary use will be restricted for ornamental and conservation purposes such as scaffolding, roof construction, and fabrication of basic household furniture.

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