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  • Rural Digital Europe
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  • Biomass and Bioenergy

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Mahdi Hodaei; Shahnaz Ghasemi; Arash Khosravi; Manouchehr Vossoughi;

    1. Abstract In this study, the ozonation impact on anaerobic digestion of wasted thickened activated sludge of Tehran wastewater treatment plant has been investigated. Regarding that, the thickened activated sludge, a final solid waste of treatment plants, was subjected to ozonation pretreatment to evaluate its characteristics. Three major sludge characteristics were considered for investigating ozonation effects on anaerobic digestion. A comparison of two different ozone doses, i.e., 0.05 and 0.1 gO3 g−1TS was performed for short-term (10 days) and long-term (30 days) sludge retention times. Furthermore, biogas production, sludge composition, dewaterability, and energy balancing, were studied during the periods mentioned above. The results show that the lower ozone dose has an acceptable performance in a short-term operation for all parameters except energy balance which was negative in all the scenarios. Higher ozone dosage not only decreased biogas production and volatile solids reduction but also significantly increased the energy demand of the system. In addition, a longer retention time reduced the effectiveness of the ozone pretreatment during that time. Eventually, the feasibility of ozone pretreatment capacity for sustainable management of different sludge from economic and technological perspectives can be evaluated by further assessing this case study.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Oisik Das; Rhoda Afriyie Mensah; Gejo George; Lin Jiang; +10 Authors

    Abstract The effect of pyrolysis reactors on the properties of biochars (with a focus on flammability and mechanical characteristics) were investigated by keeping factors such as feedstock, carbonisation temperature, heating rate and residence time constant. The reactors employed were hydrothermal, fixed-bed batch vertical and fixed-bed batch horizontal-tube reactors. The vertical and tube reactors, at the same temperature, produced biochars having comparable elemental carbon content, surface functionalities, thermal degradation pattern and peak heat release rates. The hydrothermal reactor, although, a low-temperature process, produced biochar with high fire resistance because the formed tarry volatiles sealed water inside the pores, which hindered combustion. However, the biochar from hydrothermal reactor had the lowest nanoindentation properties whereas the tube reactor-produced biochar at 300 °C had the highest nanoindentation-hardness (290 Megapascal) and modulus (ca. 4 Gigapascal) amongst the other tested samples. Based on the inherent flammability and mechanical properties of biochars, polymeric composites’ properties can be predicted that can include them as constituents.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Zhila Ziaei-Rad; Jamshid Fooladi; Mohammad Pazouki; Sathyanarayana N. Gummadi;

    Abstract Low-cost Ionic Liquid (IL) is a promising method for the lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment to produce bioethanol. This study investigates utilizing low-cost IL, [TEA][HSO4], for wheat straw pretreatment. The pretreatment was investigated in conditions characterized by a temperature of 130 °C, a high solid-to-solvent load ratio of 1:5 g/g, and 20 wt % water to separate lignin and carbohydrates from the source, which would subsequently undergo enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest delignification rate of 80% and the hemicellulose removal rate of 64.45% were observed in the case of a 3-h pretreated sample with [TEA][HSO4]. Two biomass samples pretreated for 0.5 h and 3-h showed high glucose saccharification yield levels of 50.36 and 87.19%, respectively, and 78.23% xylose yield was achieved in 3-h pretreated sample in enzymatic hydrolysis with commercial enzyme CelluMax in 72 h. Ethanol production and yield of 3-h pretreated biomass reached 43.1 g/L and 84.34% of the maximum theoretical yield after 48 h of fermentation time. However, the yield of the untreated biomass was only 10.76%. Obtained results clearly demonstrated that pretreatment with low-cost IL prior to enzymatic hydrolysis led to higher ethanol yield due to successful delignification. The process developed in this study exhibited economic feasibility of this technique in industrial bioprocess.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Sepandar Malekghasemi; Hamid-Reza Kariminia; Natalia K. Plechkova; Valerie C. A. Ward;

    Abstract In this study, four types of tetrabutylphosphonium carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized and used for a one-pot transesterification of wet Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) microalgae into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the presence of methanol, as well as refined oils (sunflower, canola, and corn oil). The resulting process removed the need for complete drying and lipid extraction steps typically needed for biodiesel production from microalgae. The leading candidate ionic liquid catalyst, tetrabutylphosphonium formate ([P4444][For]), was further optimized using response surface methodology to minimize material consumption, increase water compatibility, reduce processing time while maximizing yield from wet microalgae biomass. The optimized conditions resulted in a yield of 98.0 ± 2.48% using biomass containing 40 wt% water. Finally, the reusability of the ionic liquid was confirmed and [P4444][For] could be recycled with less than 2% loss between cycles. Due to the simple and low cost of synthesizing this IL, [P4444][For] is a promising catalyst for a one-pot transesterification process for biodiesel production from wet microalgae biomass.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ghazaleh Allameh; Mohammad Saidi-Mehrabad;

    Abstract This study develops pricing models in a decentralized biofuel supply chain focusing on both economic and environmental aspects. Environmental impacts are used as a measure to reflect the environmental objective function calculated based on ReCiPe method. A bi-level multi-objective stackelberg game model considering farmers and biorefineries as followers and the blender as leader is proposed. An e-constraint method is utilized to convert the multi-objective model to a single-objective one. The bi-level model is then transformed to a solvable integrated model. Finally, a real case study of switchgrass bioethanol is presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed model. Results show that focusing on environmental goals results in the increasement of selling prices and profits of farmers and biorefineries and decreasment of about % 7 in economic profit of the blender. Therefore, tradeoff analyses are performed for objective functions leading to 10 Pareto optimal solutions which give managerial insights to the blender. Moreover, sensitivity analyses are provided with respects to price elasticity and final fuel's price and results show logical trends in selling prices.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Seyed Ali Jafari; Shahriar Osfouri; Reza Azin;

    Abstract One of the major issues in biomethanation studies, especially a batch strategy without mixing, is gaseous substrate mass transfer between gas and liquid phases. The strategy can be assumed as a simplified form of a stagnant underground gas reservoir. Hydrogen gas, as the limiting substrate, plays significant role in biomethanation. Being informed of hydrogen content diffused within the liquid phase for calculating percentage of active volume, help researcher to make a proper decision on bioreactor design or adjusting process parameters. For this purpose, a mass transfer modelling was developed which strengthened with a set of optimized biokinetic parameters. Parameter optimization was accomplished with the help of a predefined optimization algorithm and using a set of experimental data with the source of literature. Active volume calculation was successfully performed via the verified model and response surface methodology was served for maximizing it under variety of process conditions. It was found that the bioreactor height to width ratio significantly affected on active volume followed by pressure and temperature. In addition, working with a bioreactor with a circle cross section, in comparison with a square one, improved the maximum active volume up to 43% due to providing higher surface area for mass transfer. Sensitivity analysis verified the previous findings and revealed that higher pressures and temperatures linearly increased the active volume while increasing the bioreactor height to width ratio exponentially decreased the response. Furthermore, a wide bioreactor have potential to promote active volume up to 72% rather than a vertical one.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Nima Hajinajaf; Abbas Mehrabadi; Omid Tavakoli;

    Abstract Pursuing research on renewable energy is a key challenge in this century due to worldwide increase in energy demand and environmental issues associated with fossil fuel consumption. In this sense, microalgae have received considerable renewed attention to become a feedstock for large-scale biofuel production. However, high cost of large algal cultivation systems precludes it from currently being an economically viable option. In other words, to lower the cost, the harvestable biomass energy yield, which is a function of productivity, energy content and harvestability of biomass, must be maximized. Therefore, any practical method that could improve these parameters would be beneficial and contribute to enhancement of the biomass energy yield and is interesting for further consideration. Hence, this study aims to review parameters influencing the harvestable biomass energy yield in microalgal cultures particularly wastewater-fed cultures and to discuss the advantages and limitations of different practical strategies in order to promote low-cost energy production from microalgal cultures. Five practical strategies were considered: CO2 addition, variation of hydraulic retention time, cultivation and dominance of colonial species, zooplankton control and algal recycling. Advantages and drawbacks of these parameters were assessed, and it is concluded that of these parameters, CO2 addition and its combination with algal recycling have the higher impact on the enhancement of the harvestable biomass energy yield.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Eisa Khoshnood Motlagh; Neda Asasian-Kolur; Seyedmehdi Sharifian; Azadeh Ebrahimian Pirbazari;

    Abstract Rice straw, one of the main agricultural wastes of the north of Iran, was utilized for parallel extraction of two valuable products for the first time: high surface area activated carbon (AC) and porous silica nano-particles. The positive effect of silica extraction from activated rice straw biochar on the porosity of resultant AC was determined. It was found that the performance of K2CO3 was better than KOH for producing highly porous AC (2356 m2/g) under less severe conditions (relatively low impregnation ratio = 1.5). The sensitivity analysis for several operating conditions was carried out, and the optimal conditions to reach the highest surface area, porous volume, and silica extraction yield were determined for each chemical agent using Taguchi analysis. Among the factors changed, the highest quota belongs to the impregnation ratio and activation temperature, and the other parameters were fixed at economic levels. The average production yield of activated carbon and silica from raw rice straw was calculated around 9% and 7%, respectively. The average particle size of silica powder was estimated by SEM (around 35 nm) and DLS tests (200–300 nm), and an acceptable BET surface area and pore volume of 250 m2/g and 1 cm3/g, respectively, were obtained for this product.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Fatemeh Rezaeitavabe; Solmaz Saadat; Nasser Talebbeydokhti; Majid Sartaj; +1 Authors

    Abstract Bio-hydrogen production from organic wastes is considered as one of the most promising alternatives for sustainable, green energy production. In this study, the effect of addition of Ca- and Mg-saturated resin and phosphate-laden biochar on single-stage hybrid dark-photo hydrogen fermentation from food waste was investigated. In the first step, fermentation was performed using different amounts of Ca- and Mg-saturated resin ranging from 2.5 to 20 g l-1 to analyze the effect of released calcium and magnesium on both the H2 production rate and the system pH. The addition of 5 g l-1 saturated resin resulted in an increase of hydrogen yield from 101.60 ± 2.4 to 164.4 ± 2.6 ml H2g−1 VS, and at the same time it prevented pH drop and improved bacterial function. In the second step, 5 g l-1 saturated resin combined with various amounts of phosphate-laden biochar were added to the reactor. The maximum accumulated hydrogen production (3130 ± 16.8 ml) and hydrogen yield (197.15 ± 2.9 mlg−1VS) was observed when 5 g l-1 resin and 0.5 g l-1 biochar was used. This corresponds to 94% increase in the yield compared with the control. The analysis of the fermentation products indicated that butyrate and acetate were the major by-products during hydrogen production. Moreover, the optimum concentrations of resin and biochar served to facilitate substrate degradation and shorten the lag phase from 8.19 ± 0.4 to 4.79 ± 0.5 h. Thus, the application of Ca- and Mg-saturated resin and phosphate-laden biochar in a single-stage hybrid dark-photo fermentation process enhanced the efficiency of the conversion of organic waste to hydrogen while maintaining the stability of the process.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: H. Tondro; Sogand Musivand; Hamid Zilouei; Mehdi Bazarganipour; +1 Authors

    Abstract Production of hydrogen and acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) from hydrolysates of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and rice-straw (RS) was carried out via dark fermentation using co-culture of Enterobacter aerogenes and Clostridium acetobutylicum. The best improvement in the yield of hydrogen and total ABE production were observed for alkaline pretreated RS at 100 °C for 60 min obtained from the highest total reducing sugars concentration of 40.7 g L−1 after the enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolysates of alkaline pretreated samples at 100 °C were efficiently converted to H2 by co-culture of Enterobacter aerogenes and Clostridium acetobutylicum with the highest hydrogen yield of 136.3 and 149.9 mL H2 g−1-VS of SCB and RS, representing 3.4 and 1.5-fold enhancement in the hydrogen production yield over that obtained from the pure cultures of Enterobacter aerogenes and Clostridium acetobutylicum, respectively. Mass balance and energy generation analysis indicate that the highest specific ABE and total energy production yields per gram untreated feedstock reached 0.12 g ABE and 5.5 kJ for SCB and 0.08 g ABE and 6.6 kJ for RS.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Mahdi Hodaei; Shahnaz Ghasemi; Arash Khosravi; Manouchehr Vossoughi;

    1. Abstract In this study, the ozonation impact on anaerobic digestion of wasted thickened activated sludge of Tehran wastewater treatment plant has been investigated. Regarding that, the thickened activated sludge, a final solid waste of treatment plants, was subjected to ozonation pretreatment to evaluate its characteristics. Three major sludge characteristics were considered for investigating ozonation effects on anaerobic digestion. A comparison of two different ozone doses, i.e., 0.05 and 0.1 gO3 g−1TS was performed for short-term (10 days) and long-term (30 days) sludge retention times. Furthermore, biogas production, sludge composition, dewaterability, and energy balancing, were studied during the periods mentioned above. The results show that the lower ozone dose has an acceptable performance in a short-term operation for all parameters except energy balance which was negative in all the scenarios. Higher ozone dosage not only decreased biogas production and volatile solids reduction but also significantly increased the energy demand of the system. In addition, a longer retention time reduced the effectiveness of the ozone pretreatment during that time. Eventually, the feasibility of ozone pretreatment capacity for sustainable management of different sludge from economic and technological perspectives can be evaluated by further assessing this case study.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Oisik Das; Rhoda Afriyie Mensah; Gejo George; Lin Jiang; +10 Authors

    Abstract The effect of pyrolysis reactors on the properties of biochars (with a focus on flammability and mechanical characteristics) were investigated by keeping factors such as feedstock, carbonisation temperature, heating rate and residence time constant. The reactors employed were hydrothermal, fixed-bed batch vertical and fixed-bed batch horizontal-tube reactors. The vertical and tube reactors, at the same temperature, produced biochars having comparable elemental carbon content, surface functionalities, thermal degradation pattern and peak heat release rates. The hydrothermal reactor, although, a low-temperature process, produced biochar with high fire resistance because the formed tarry volatiles sealed water inside the pores, which hindered combustion. However, the biochar from hydrothermal reactor had the lowest nanoindentation properties whereas the tube reactor-produced biochar at 300 °C had the highest nanoindentation-hardness (290 Megapascal) and modulus (ca. 4 Gigapascal) amongst the other tested samples. Based on the inherent flammability and mechanical properties of biochars, polymeric composites’ properties can be predicted that can include them as constituents.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Zhila Ziaei-Rad; Jamshid Fooladi; Mohammad Pazouki; Sathyanarayana N. Gummadi;

    Abstract Low-cost Ionic Liquid (IL) is a promising method for the lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment to produce bioethanol. This study investigates utilizing low-cost IL, [TEA][HSO4], for wheat straw pretreatment. The pretreatment was investigated in conditions characterized by a temperature of 130 °C, a high solid-to-solvent load ratio of 1:5 g/g, and 20 wt % water to separate lignin and carbohydrates from the source, which would subsequently undergo enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest delignification rate of 80% and the hemicellulose removal rate of 64.45% were observed in the case of a 3-h pretreated sample with [TEA][HSO4]. Two biomass samples pretreated for 0.5 h and 3-h showed high glucose saccharification yield levels of 50.36 and 87.19%, respectively, and 78.23% xylose yield was achieved in 3-h pretreated sample in enzymatic hydrolysis with commercial enzyme CelluMax in 72 h. Ethanol production and yield of 3-h pretreated biomass reached 43.1 g/L and 84.34% of the maximum theoretical yield after 48 h of fermentation time. However, the yield of the untreated biomass was only 10.76%. Obtained results clearly demonstrated that pretreatment with low-cost IL prior to enzymatic hydrolysis led to higher ethanol yield due to successful delignification. The process developed in this study exhibited economic feasibility of this technique in industrial bioprocess.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Sepandar Malekghasemi; Hamid-Reza Kariminia; Natalia K. Plechkova; Valerie C. A. Ward;

    Abstract In this study, four types of tetrabutylphosphonium carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized and used for a one-pot transesterification of wet Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) microalgae into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the presence of methanol, as well as refined oils (sunflower, canola, and corn oil). The resulting process removed the need for complete drying and lipid extraction steps typically needed for biodiesel production from microalgae. The leading candidate ionic liquid catalyst, tetrabutylphosphonium formate ([P4444][For]), was further optimized using response surface methodology to minimize material consumption, increase water compatibility, reduce processing time while maximizing yield from wet microalgae biomass. The optimized conditions resulted in a yield of 98.0 ± 2.48% using biomass containing 40 wt% water. Finally, the reusability of the ionic liquid was confirmed and [P4444][For] could be recycled with less than 2% loss between cycles. Due to the simple and low cost of synthesizing this IL, [P4444][For] is a promising catalyst for a one-pot transesterification process for biodiesel production from wet microalgae biomass.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ghazaleh Allameh; Mohammad Saidi-Mehrabad;

    Abstract This study develops pricing models in a decentralized biofuel supply chain focusing on both economic and environmental aspects. Environmental impacts are used as a measure to reflect the environmental objective function calculated based on ReCiPe method. A bi-level multi-objective stackelberg game model considering farmers and biorefineries as followers and the blender as leader is proposed. An e-constraint method is utilized to convert the multi-objective model to a single-objective one. The bi-level model is then transformed to a solvable integrated model. Finally, a real case study of switchgrass bioethanol is presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed model. Results show that focusing on environmental goals results in the increasement of selling prices and profits of farmers and biorefineries and decreasment of about % 7 in economic profit of the blender. Therefore, tradeoff analyses are performed for objective functions leading to 10 Pareto optimal solutions which give managerial insights to the blender. Moreover, sensitivity analyses are provided with respects to price elasticity and final fuel's price and results show logical trends in selling prices.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Seyed Ali Jafari; Shahriar Osfouri; Reza Azin;

    Abstract One of the major issues in biomethanation studies, especially a batch strategy without mixing, is gaseous substrate mass transfer between gas and liquid phases. The strategy can be assumed as a simplified form of a stagnant underground gas reservoir. Hydrogen gas, as the limiting substrate, plays significant role in biomethanation. Being informed of hydrogen content diffused within the liquid phase for calculating percentage of active volume, help researcher to make a proper decision on bioreactor design or adjusting process parameters. For this purpose, a mass transfer modelling was developed which strengthened with a set of optimized biokinetic parameters. Parameter optimization was accomplished with the help of a predefined optimization algorithm and using a set of experimental data with the source of literature. Active volume calculation was successfully performed via the verified model and response surface methodology was served for maximizing it under variety of process conditions. It was found that the bioreactor height to width ratio significantly affected on active volume followed by pressure and temperature. In addition, working with a bioreactor with a circle cross section, in comparison with a square one, improved the maximum active volume up to 43% due to providing higher surface area for mass transfer. Sensitivity analysis verified the previous findings and revealed that higher pressures and temperatures linearly increased the active volume while increasing the bioreactor height to width ratio exponentially decreased the response. Furthermore, a wide bioreactor have potential to promote active volume up to 72% rather than a vertical one.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Nima Hajinajaf; Abbas Mehrabadi; Omid Tavakoli;

    Abstract Pursuing research on renewable energy is a key challenge in this century due to worldwide increase in energy demand and environmental issues associated with fossil fuel consumption. In this sense, microalgae have received considerable renewed attention to become a feedstock for large-scale biofuel production. However, high cost of large algal cultivation systems precludes it from currently being an economically viable option. In other words, to lower the cost, the harvestable biomass energy yield, which is a function of productivity, energy content and harvestability of biomass, must be maximized. Therefore, any practical method that could improve these parameters would be beneficial and contribute to enhancement of the biomass energy yield and is interesting for further consideration. Hence, this study aims to review parameters influencing the harvestable biomass energy yield in microalgal cultures particularly wastewater-fed cultures and to discuss the advantages and limitations of different practical strategies in order to promote low-cost energy production from microalgal cultures. Five practical strategies were considered: CO2 addition, variation of hydraulic retention time, cultivation and dominance of colonial species, zooplankton control and algal recycling. Advantages and drawbacks of these parameters were assessed, and it is concluded that of these parameters, CO2 addition and its combination with algal recycling have the higher impact on the enhancement of the harvestable biomass energy yield.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Eisa Khoshnood Motlagh; Neda Asasian-Kolur; Seyedmehdi Sharifian; Azadeh Ebrahimian Pirbazari;

    Abstract Rice straw, one of the main agricultural wastes of the north of Iran, was utilized for parallel extraction of two valuable products for the first time: high surface area activated carbon (AC) and porous silica nano-particles. The positive effect of silica extraction from activated rice straw biochar on the porosity of resultant AC was determined. It was found that the performance of K2CO3 was better than KOH for producing highly porous AC (2356 m2/g) under less severe conditions (relatively low impregnation ratio = 1.5). The sensitivity analysis for several operating conditions was carried out, and the optimal conditions to reach the highest surface area, porous volume, and silica extraction yield were determined for each chemical agent using Taguchi analysis. Among the factors changed, the highest quota belongs to the impregnation ratio and activation temperature, and the other parameters were fixed at economic levels. The average production yield of activated carbon and silica from raw rice straw was calculated around 9% and 7%, respectively. The average particle size of silica powder was estimated by SEM (around 35 nm) and DLS tests (200–300 nm), and an acceptable BET surface area and pore volume of 250 m2/g and 1 cm3/g, respectively, were obtained for this product.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Fatemeh Rezaeitavabe; Solmaz Saadat; Nasser Talebbeydokhti; Majid Sartaj; +1 Authors

    Abstract Bio-hydrogen production from organic wastes is considered as one of the most promising alternatives for sustainable, green energy production. In this study, the effect of addition of Ca- and Mg-saturated resin and phosphate-laden biochar on single-stage hybrid dark-photo hydrogen fermentation from food waste was investigated. In the first step, fermentation was performed using different amounts of Ca- and Mg-saturated resin ranging from 2.5 to 20 g l-1 to analyze the effect of released calcium and magnesium on both the H2 production rate and the system pH. The addition of 5 g l-1 saturated resin resulted in an increase of hydrogen yield from 101.60 ± 2.4 to 164.4 ± 2.6 ml H2g−1 VS, and at the same time it prevented pH drop and improved bacterial function. In the second step, 5 g l-1 saturated resin combined with various amounts of phosphate-laden biochar were added to the reactor. The maximum accumulated hydrogen production (3130 ± 16.8 ml) and hydrogen yield (197.15 ± 2.9 mlg−1VS) was observed when 5 g l-1 resin and 0.5 g l-1 biochar was used. This corresponds to 94% increase in the yield compared with the control. The analysis of the fermentation products indicated that butyrate and acetate were the major by-products during hydrogen production. Moreover, the optimum concentrations of resin and biochar served to facilitate substrate degradation and shorten the lag phase from 8.19 ± 0.4 to 4.79 ± 0.5 h. Thus, the application of Ca- and Mg-saturated resin and phosphate-laden biochar in a single-stage hybrid dark-photo fermentation process enhanced the efficiency of the conversion of organic waste to hydrogen while maintaining the stability of the process.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: H. Tondro; Sogand Musivand; Hamid Zilouei; Mehdi Bazarganipour; +1 Authors

    Abstract Production of hydrogen and acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) from hydrolysates of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and rice-straw (RS) was carried out via dark fermentation using co-culture of Enterobacter aerogenes and Clostridium acetobutylicum. The best improvement in the yield of hydrogen and total ABE production were observed for alkaline pretreated RS at 100 °C for 60 min obtained from the highest total reducing sugars concentration of 40.7 g L−1 after the enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolysates of alkaline pretreated samples at 100 °C were efficiently converted to H2 by co-culture of Enterobacter aerogenes and Clostridium acetobutylicum with the highest hydrogen yield of 136.3 and 149.9 mL H2 g−1-VS of SCB and RS, representing 3.4 and 1.5-fold enhancement in the hydrogen production yield over that obtained from the pure cultures of Enterobacter aerogenes and Clostridium acetobutylicum, respectively. Mass balance and energy generation analysis indicate that the highest specific ABE and total energy production yields per gram untreated feedstock reached 0.12 g ABE and 5.5 kJ for SCB and 0.08 g ABE and 6.6 kJ for RS.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biomass and Bioenergy
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Biomass and Bioenerg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biomass and Bioenergy
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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