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Since January 2023 the Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) is available to registered users. Within the HAS users can retrieve clock and orbit corrections, as well as code biases for Galileo and GPS constellations. Galileo HAS covers almost the entire globe and is the next system, after the Japanese CLAS (Japanese Centimeter Level Augmentation Service) and the Chinese PPP-B2b, that provides corrections via a satellite signal. These Galileo corrections are transmitted in the Galileo E6 signal but also via the Internet stream. The official HAS Service Definition Document indicates that the positioning accuracy is better than 25 cm and better than 30 cm for horizontal and vertical components, respectively. HAS corrections can be used in difference real-time applications without Internet connection. The presented work shows the use of Galileo HAS corrections in various geoscience applications such as positioning, timing, troposphere monitoring or coseismic vibrations detection. Additionally, the quality of the transmitted HAS correction is also verified using the SISRE parameter. The computations are carried out in the in-house developed GNSS-WARP software with the Internet HAS corrections saved in the ASCII files by the BKG Ntrip Client software. The Galileo HAS corrections quality using SISRE parameter equal to 8.6 cm and 13.0 cm for GPS and Galileo respectively. The experiment with Precise Point Positioning reveal sub-decimeter and centimeters accuracy in kinematic and static approach, respectively. In terms of timing precision Galileo HAS ensure precision of single nanosecond. Zenith Tropospheric Delay estimation with the use of evaluated corrections meet the requirement of troposphere monitoring and coseismic vibrations detection was also possible. Od ledna 2023 je pro registrované uživatele k dispozici služba Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS). V rámci HAS mohou uživatelé získat korekce hodin a oběžné dráhy, stejně jako zkreslení kódu pro konstelace Galileo a GPS. Galileo HAS pokrývá téměř celou zeměkouli a je dalším systémem po japonském CLAS (Japanese Centimeter Level Augmentation Service) a čínském PPP-B2b, který poskytuje korekce prostřednictvím satelitního signálu. Tyto korekce Galileo jsou přenášeny v signálu Galileo E6, ale také prostřednictvím internetu. Oficiální dokument definice služby HAS uvádí, že přesnost polohování je lepší než 25 cm a lepší než 30 cm pro horizontální a vertikální komponenty. Korekce HAS lze použít v různých aplikacích v reálném čase bez připojení k internetu. Předložená práce ukazuje využití korekcí Galileo HAS v různých geovědních aplikacích jako je určování polohy, časování, monitorování troposféry nebo detekce koseismických vibrací. Kromě toho je kvalita přenášené korekce HAS také ověřována pomocí parametru SISRE. Výpočty se provádějí v in-house vyvinutém softwaru GNSS-WARP s korekcemi Internet HAS uloženými v souborech ASCII pomocí softwaru BKG Ntrip Client. Kvalita Galileo HAS korekcí pomocí parametru SISRE činí 8,6 cm pro systém GPS a 13,0 cm pro Galileo. Experiment s PPP (Precise Point Positioning) odhalil sub-decimetrovou a centimetrovou přesnost v kinematickém a statickém přístupu. Pokud jde o přesnost časování, Galileo HAS zajišťuje přesnost jedné nanosekundy. Odhad Zenith Tropospheric Delay s využitím vyhodnocených korekcí splnil požadavek monitorování troposféry a byla možná i detekce koseismických vibrací.

The practice of religion in the media-facilitated virtual world has become a trend related to religiosity on the one hand and social life on the other. This study involves twenty-three pieces of literature in the form of journal papers and book chapters that discuss the topic of digital religion. All literature has undergone the PRISMA protocol's inclusion-exclusion criteria selection stage. The research method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Four research questions were posed to be researched using the SLR method, namely searching in the literature for the definition of digital religion, the shifts that occur in the practice of digital religion regarding sacred space, authority, identity, online worship, communion, and sacraments; theological views on digital religion; and sociological views on digital religion. It is concluded that digital religion is the implementation of religious practices online so that the offline-online boundary cannot be distinguished. Both are fused and complementary. As a result of being mediated by the internet and technology, the digitalization of religion results in a shift in form, implementation, and reconstruction in terms of new sacred space, new concepts of authority, digital identity, online worship, digital fellowship, and the performance of sacraments. Theologically, digital religion is a new way of presenting the kingdom of God beyond time and space in a networked society. Sociologically, digital religion represents not only an online religious entity but also a new culture in social devices with a social nature. This is due to the internet-based nature of digital religion, which can connect anyone in the same network to benefit the religious context. The digital world has become human daily life and needs revitalization of religiosity and human spirituality to fit the times.

Wide use and availability of the machine learning and computer vision techniques allows development of relatively complex monitoring systems in many domains. Besides the traditional industrial domain, new application appears also in biology and agriculture, where we could speak about the detection of infections, parasites and weeds, but also about automated monitoring and early warning systems. This is also connected with the introduction of the easily accessible hardware and development kits such as Arduino, or RaspberryPi family. In this paper, we survey 50 existing papers focusing on the methods of automated beehive monitoring methods using the computer vision techniques, particularly on the pollen and Varroa mite detection together with the bee traffic monitoring. Such systems could also be used for the monitoring of the honeybee colonies and for the inspection of their health state, which could identify potentially dangerous states before the situation is critical, or to better plan periodic bee colony inspections and therefore save significant costs. Later, we also include analysis of the research trends in this application field and we outline the possible direction of the new explorations. Our paper is aimed also at veterinary and apidology professionals and experts, who might not be familiar with machine learning to introduce them to its possibilities, therefore each family of applications is opened by a brief theoretical introduction and motivation related to its base method. We hope that this paper will inspire other scientists to use machine learning techniques for other applications in beehive monitoring.

Using intervention analysis and time series of roundwood prices from ten European and North American countries, we analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the movement of timber prices. The study material consists of forty-six quarterly time series prices of logs and pulp, both softwood and hardwood, covering the period 2005-2022. During the Covid-19 pandemic period (2020:Q1-2020:Q4), softwood log prices mostly underwent declines, with the changes being the largest in Slovakia (MINUS SIGN 35%), the Czech Republic (MINUS SIGN 24%) and Austria (MINUS SIGN 24%), slightly smaller in the United States (MINUS SIGN 19%), Poland (MINUS SIGN 17%), Slovenia (MINUS SIGN 12%) and Germany (MINUS SIGN 11%) while no significant price changes were recorded in Finland and Sweden. In Canada and the United States, sharp price declines occurred earlier (2020:Q1 and 2020:Q2, respectively), while in Europe, significant price declines occurred later and lasted longer. In the post-pandemic COVID-19 period, prices increased, but in most cases, the shift was not statistically significant compared to the pre-pandemic period. Softwood pulp prices were subject to much less change, with a significant increase only in Slovakia and Poland. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the price of both log and pulpwood hardwood during the COVID-19 pandemic. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Analyses of Landsat TM and SPOT multispectral data were performed with a very detailed description of the vegetation cover in the field to get a relevancy and consistency of digital image classification in a semi-automatic approach. Three main vegetation types, i.e. primary forest, logged-over forest and secondary forest after clear cut were analyzed and the microclimatic parameters were also measured to describe the ecological condition of the vegetation. Spectral and textural analysis of data obtained from field measurements and spectral reflectance values of the remote sensing data are the main topic of this report as one aspect of study on the Digital Method of Detection and Monitoring on Forest Ecosystem Change Using High Resolution Satellite Data funded by the Indonesian National Research Council. This study shows that spectral reflectance values alone cannot differentiate the logged-over forest from the primary forest, but it is very sharply distinguished from the secondary forest. As for the texture analysis, it is possible to distinguish the logged-over forest from the primary forest, as shown by different values of degree of Entropy, although spatially, it is still doubtful. Key words: Indonesia/Jambi/Tropical rain forests/lowland areas/Remote sensing/Vegetation Analysis/ Logged-over forests/Primary forests/Secondary forests.

This study is aimed to get lipid producing microalgae as feedstock for biofuel production. The microalgae were isolated from 355 collected water samples which  represented many distinct ecosystems such as paddy fields, rivers, agricultural dams, ponds, swampy areas and unique ecosystem of volcano and mud-volcano craters in West- and Central Java, Indonesia. A total of  267 strains of microalgae were isolated from the samples of which  221 strains of them have capability to produce lipid. There were four promising strains that produce lipid between 14.7 – 45.7 percent dry weight in optimal condition that were identified as Chlamydomonas sp. KO-7267 and PK-7195, Chlorella sp. KS-7300 and Desmodesmus sp. BK-7291.  Keywords: microalgae, lipid, biofuel, Indonesian ecosystems

This article aims to explore the supply chain (SC) resilience capabilities of firms, focusing on their ability to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic disruption. Based on two cases each in the pharmaceutical and mineral water industries, this article identifies various strategies managers mobilized to tackle SC disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article contributes to theory through a proposed double-helix framework showing the dimension of disruptions and the capabilities concept to mitigate COVID-19. In addition, an in-depth investigation of the perceived importance versus actual SC resilience capabilities deployed is discussed and validated with practitioners. The findings of this article also address a critical gap in the SC operations management literature and provide a practical approach for managers to better manage future pandemic disruptions. IEEE

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology with a high market growth rate. In the IoT, machines and users from different levels must collaborate to exchange data and share resources. The IoT opens the door for a vast improvement in all aspects of human life. However, the increasing adoption of the IoT in many sectors makes it difficult to control security risks. For this reason, there is a need for more effort in both research and industry to address the risks and find convenient solutions. This systematic literature review delves deeply into understanding the unique challenges and requirements posed by IoT environments. Through a detailed examination of 96 selected studies, this paper primarily addresses three research questions. The study concludes by summarizing key requirements, technologies, and metrics founded on our comprehensive analysis, aiming to steer further research in the domain. As IoT continues its expansion into various facets of our daily lives, there’s a paramount need to integrate with emerging technologies and ensure scalability. Prioritizing real-world implementations is crucial for the next wave of innovations in access control systems.