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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2021 Netherlands, Germany, France, France, Italy, Denmark, Portugal, Germany, Germany, Norway, ItalyPublisher:Copernicus GmbH Funded by:EC | eLTER, EC | eLTER PLUSEC| eLTER ,EC| eLTER PLUSJ. Pisek; A. Erb; L. Korhonen; T. Biermann; A. Carrara; E. Cremonese; M. Cuntz; S. Fares; G. Gerosa; T. Grünwald; N. Hase; M. Heliasz; A. Ibrom; A. Knohl; J. Kobler; B. Kruijt; H. Lange; L. Leppänen; J.-M. Limousin; F. R. L. Serrano; D. Loustau; P. Lukeš; L. Lundin; R. Marzuoli; M. Mölder; L. Montagnani; L. Montagnani; J. Neirynck; M. Peichl; C. Rebmann; E. Rubio; M. Santos-Reis; C. Schaaf; M. Schmidt; G. Simioni; K. Soudani; C. Vincke;handle: 10451/49424 , 11250/2823956 , 10451/51093 , 10807/169121 , 2128/28803
Information about forest background reflectance is needed for accurate biophysical parameter retrieval from forest canopies (overstory) with remote sensing. Separating under- and overstory signals would enable more accurate modeling of forest carbon and energy fluxes. We retrieved values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the forest understory with the multi-angular Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)/albedo data (gridded 500 m daily Collection 6 product), using a method originally developed for boreal forests. The forest floor background reflectance estimates from the MODIS data were compared with in situ understory reflectance measurements carried out at an extensive set of forest ecosystem experimental sites across Europe. The reflectance estimates from MODIS data were, hence, tested across diverse forest conditions and phenological phases during the growing season to examine their applicability for ecosystems other than boreal forests. Here we report that the method can deliver good retrievals, especially over different forest types with open canopies (low foliage cover). The performance of the method was found to be limited over forests with closed canopies (high foliage cover), where the signal from understory becomes too attenuated. The spatial heterogeneity of individual field sites and the limitations and documented quality of the MODIS BRDF product are shown to be important for the correct assessment and validation of the retrievals obtained with remote sensing. International audience
NARCIS; Research@WUR arrow_drop_down Biogeosciences; Research@WUR; PubliCatt; LAReferencia - Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas Latinoamericanas; CNR ExploRAOther literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYUniversidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULOnline Research Database In TechnologyArticle . 2021Data sources: Online Research Database In TechnologyCopernicus Publications; Biogeosciences (BG)Other literature type . 2021Data sources: Copernicus PublicationsUniversidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication; HAL-IRD; Hal-DiderotArticle . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03516967/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 12 citations 12 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!visibility 67visibility views 67 download downloads 49 Powered bymore_vert NARCIS; Research@WUR arrow_drop_down Biogeosciences; Research@WUR; PubliCatt; LAReferencia - Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas Latinoamericanas; CNR ExploRAOther literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYUniversidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULOnline Research Database In TechnologyArticle . 2021Data sources: Online Research Database In TechnologyCopernicus Publications; Biogeosciences (BG)Other literature type . 2021Data sources: Copernicus PublicationsUniversidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication; HAL-IRD; Hal-DiderotArticle . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03516967/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/bg-18-621-2021&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Preprint , Other literature type 2016Publisher:Copernicus GmbH Authors: Yang Liu; Ronggao Liu; Jan Pisek; Jing M. Chen;Yang Liu; Ronggao Liu; Jan Pisek; Jing M. Chen;Abstract. Forest overstory and understory layers differ in carbon and water cycle regimes, phenology, as well as ecosystem functions. Separate retrievals of Leaf Area Index (LAI) for these two layers would help to improve modeling forest biogeochemical cycles and evaluating forest ecosystem functions. In this paper, overstory and understory LAI values were estimated separately for global needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf forests by fusing MISR and MODIS observations. Monthly forest understory LAI was retrieved from the forest understory reflectivity estimated using MISR data. After correcting for the background contribution using monthly mean forest understory reflectivities, the forest overstory LAI was estimated from MODIS observations. The results demonstrate that forest understory vegetation is mainly distributed in the boreal forest zones at northern latitudes. Significant seasonal variations are presented for understory vegetation in these zones with LAI values up to 2–3 from June to August. Higher understory LAI values are found in needleleaf forests (with mean value of 1.06 for evergreen needleleaf forests and 1.04 for deciduous needleleaf forests) than in deciduous broadleaf forests (0.96) due to the more clumped foliage and easier penetration of light to the forest floor in needleleaf forests. The magnitude of seasonal variations of overstory LAI is larger for deciduous needleleaf forests than those of evergreen and deciduous needleleaf forests. In contrast, for forest understory, needleleaf forests show larger seasonal variations than broadleaf forests. Spatially and seasonally variable forest understory reflectivity helps to account for the effects of the forest background on LAI retrieval while compared with constant forest background. The retrieved forest overstory and understory LAI values were compared with an existing dataset for larch forests in Northern Eurasia. The retrieved overstory and understory LAI is close to that of the existing dataset, with an absolute error of 0.34 (0.06), relative error of 21.1 % (14.3 %) and RMSE of 0.93 (0.29) for overstory (understory). The comparisons between our results and field measurements in eight forest sites show that the R2 are 0.62 and 0.52, and the RMSE are 0.62 and 1.36 for understory and overstory LAI, respectively.
Biogeosciences arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-201...Preprint . 2016 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/bg-2016-448&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 37 citations 37 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!more_vert Biogeosciences arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-201...Preprint . 2016 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/bg-2016-448&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Preprint 2008 FrancePublisher:Copernicus GmbH Jouni Peltoniemi; Juha Suomalainen; Eetu Puttonen; Jyri Näränen; Miina Rautiainen;Abstract. We developed a mobile remote sensing measurement facility for spectral and anisotropic reflectance measurements. We measured reflection properties (BRF) of over 100 samples from most common land cover types in boreal and subarctic regions. This extensive data set serves as a unique reference opportunity for developing interpretation algorithms for remotely sensed materials as well as for modelling climatic effects in the boreal and subarctic zones. Our goniometric measurements show that the reflectances of the most common land cover types in the boreal and subarctic region can differ from each other by a factor of 100. Some types are strong forward scatterers, some backward scatterers, some reflect specularly, some have strong colours, some are bright in visual, some in infrared. We noted that spatial variations in reflectance, even among the same type of vegetation, can be well over 20%, diurnal variations of the same order and seasonal variation often over a factor of 10. This has significant consequences on the interpretation of satellite and airborne images and on the development of radiation regime models in both optical remote sensing and climate change research. We propose that the accuracy of optical remote sensing can be improved by an order of magnitude, if better physical reflectance models can be introduced. Further improvements can be reached by more optimised design of sensors and orbits/flight lines, by the effective combining of several data sources and better processing of atmospheric effects. We conclude that more extensive and systematic laboratory experiments and field measurements are needed, with more modelling effort.
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Hyper Article en Ligne; Hal-DiderotOther literature type . Article . 2008Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationArticle . 2008Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-00297981/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/bgd-5-1069-2008&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routeshybrid 6 citations 6 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Hyper Article en Ligne; Hal-DiderotOther literature type . Article . 2008Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationArticle . 2008Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-00297981/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2021 Netherlands, Germany, France, France, Italy, Denmark, Portugal, Germany, Germany, Norway, ItalyPublisher:Copernicus GmbH Funded by:EC | eLTER, EC | eLTER PLUSEC| eLTER ,EC| eLTER PLUSJ. Pisek; A. Erb; L. Korhonen; T. Biermann; A. Carrara; E. Cremonese; M. Cuntz; S. Fares; G. Gerosa; T. Grünwald; N. Hase; M. Heliasz; A. Ibrom; A. Knohl; J. Kobler; B. Kruijt; H. Lange; L. Leppänen; J.-M. Limousin; F. R. L. Serrano; D. Loustau; P. Lukeš; L. Lundin; R. Marzuoli; M. Mölder; L. Montagnani; L. Montagnani; J. Neirynck; M. Peichl; C. Rebmann; E. Rubio; M. Santos-Reis; C. Schaaf; M. Schmidt; G. Simioni; K. Soudani; C. Vincke;handle: 10451/49424 , 11250/2823956 , 10451/51093 , 10807/169121 , 2128/28803
Information about forest background reflectance is needed for accurate biophysical parameter retrieval from forest canopies (overstory) with remote sensing. Separating under- and overstory signals would enable more accurate modeling of forest carbon and energy fluxes. We retrieved values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the forest understory with the multi-angular Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)/albedo data (gridded 500 m daily Collection 6 product), using a method originally developed for boreal forests. The forest floor background reflectance estimates from the MODIS data were compared with in situ understory reflectance measurements carried out at an extensive set of forest ecosystem experimental sites across Europe. The reflectance estimates from MODIS data were, hence, tested across diverse forest conditions and phenological phases during the growing season to examine their applicability for ecosystems other than boreal forests. Here we report that the method can deliver good retrievals, especially over different forest types with open canopies (low foliage cover). The performance of the method was found to be limited over forests with closed canopies (high foliage cover), where the signal from understory becomes too attenuated. The spatial heterogeneity of individual field sites and the limitations and documented quality of the MODIS BRDF product are shown to be important for the correct assessment and validation of the retrievals obtained with remote sensing. International audience
NARCIS; Research@WUR arrow_drop_down Biogeosciences; Research@WUR; PubliCatt; LAReferencia - Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas Latinoamericanas; CNR ExploRAOther literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYUniversidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULOnline Research Database In TechnologyArticle . 2021Data sources: Online Research Database In TechnologyCopernicus Publications; Biogeosciences (BG)Other literature type . 2021Data sources: Copernicus PublicationsUniversidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication; HAL-IRD; Hal-DiderotArticle . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03516967/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/bg-18-621-2021&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 12 citations 12 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!visibility 67visibility views 67 download downloads 49 Powered bymore_vert NARCIS; Research@WUR arrow_drop_down Biogeosciences; Research@WUR; PubliCatt; LAReferencia - Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas Latinoamericanas; CNR ExploRAOther literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYUniversidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULOnline Research Database In TechnologyArticle . 2021Data sources: Online Research Database In TechnologyCopernicus Publications; Biogeosciences (BG)Other literature type . 2021Data sources: Copernicus PublicationsUniversidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULArticle . 2021License: CC BYData sources: Universidade de Lisboa: Repositório.ULMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication; HAL-IRD; Hal-DiderotArticle . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03516967/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/bg-18-621-2021&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Preprint , Other literature type 2016Publisher:Copernicus GmbH Authors: Yang Liu; Ronggao Liu; Jan Pisek; Jing M. Chen;Yang Liu; Ronggao Liu; Jan Pisek; Jing M. Chen;Abstract. Forest overstory and understory layers differ in carbon and water cycle regimes, phenology, as well as ecosystem functions. Separate retrievals of Leaf Area Index (LAI) for these two layers would help to improve modeling forest biogeochemical cycles and evaluating forest ecosystem functions. In this paper, overstory and understory LAI values were estimated separately for global needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf forests by fusing MISR and MODIS observations. Monthly forest understory LAI was retrieved from the forest understory reflectivity estimated using MISR data. After correcting for the background contribution using monthly mean forest understory reflectivities, the forest overstory LAI was estimated from MODIS observations. The results demonstrate that forest understory vegetation is mainly distributed in the boreal forest zones at northern latitudes. Significant seasonal variations are presented for understory vegetation in these zones with LAI values up to 2–3 from June to August. Higher understory LAI values are found in needleleaf forests (with mean value of 1.06 for evergreen needleleaf forests and 1.04 for deciduous needleleaf forests) than in deciduous broadleaf forests (0.96) due to the more clumped foliage and easier penetration of light to the forest floor in needleleaf forests. The magnitude of seasonal variations of overstory LAI is larger for deciduous needleleaf forests than those of evergreen and deciduous needleleaf forests. In contrast, for forest understory, needleleaf forests show larger seasonal variations than broadleaf forests. Spatially and seasonally variable forest understory reflectivity helps to account for the effects of the forest background on LAI retrieval while compared with constant forest background. The retrieved forest overstory and understory LAI values were compared with an existing dataset for larch forests in Northern Eurasia. The retrieved overstory and understory LAI is close to that of the existing dataset, with an absolute error of 0.34 (0.06), relative error of 21.1 % (14.3 %) and RMSE of 0.93 (0.29) for overstory (understory). The comparisons between our results and field measurements in eight forest sites show that the R2 are 0.62 and 0.52, and the RMSE are 0.62 and 1.36 for understory and overstory LAI, respectively.
Biogeosciences arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-201...Preprint . 2016 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/bg-2016-448&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 37 citations 37 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!more_vert Biogeosciences arrow_drop_down https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-201...Preprint . 2016 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BYData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/bg-2016-448&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Preprint 2008 FrancePublisher:Copernicus GmbH Jouni Peltoniemi; Juha Suomalainen; Eetu Puttonen; Jyri Näränen; Miina Rautiainen;Abstract. We developed a mobile remote sensing measurement facility for spectral and anisotropic reflectance measurements. We measured reflection properties (BRF) of over 100 samples from most common land cover types in boreal and subarctic regions. This extensive data set serves as a unique reference opportunity for developing interpretation algorithms for remotely sensed materials as well as for modelling climatic effects in the boreal and subarctic zones. Our goniometric measurements show that the reflectances of the most common land cover types in the boreal and subarctic region can differ from each other by a factor of 100. Some types are strong forward scatterers, some backward scatterers, some reflect specularly, some have strong colours, some are bright in visual, some in infrared. We noted that spatial variations in reflectance, even among the same type of vegetation, can be well over 20%, diurnal variations of the same order and seasonal variation often over a factor of 10. This has significant consequences on the interpretation of satellite and airborne images and on the development of radiation regime models in both optical remote sensing and climate change research. We propose that the accuracy of optical remote sensing can be improved by an order of magnitude, if better physical reflectance models can be introduced. Further improvements can be reached by more optimised design of sensors and orbits/flight lines, by the effective combining of several data sources and better processing of atmospheric effects. We conclude that more extensive and systematic laboratory experiments and field measurements are needed, with more modelling effort.
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Hyper Article en Ligne; Hal-DiderotOther literature type . Article . 2008Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationArticle . 2008Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-00297981/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/bgd-5-1069-2008&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routeshybrid 6 citations 6 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Hyper Article en Ligne; Hal-DiderotOther literature type . Article . 2008Mémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationArticle . 2008Full-Text: https://hal.science/hal-00297981/documentadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/bgd-5-1069-2008&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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