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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Juan Pinos;

    Abstract Polylepis species represent one of the most important and endemic woodlands of the mid- and high-elevation regions of the Andean Cordillera. I provide a review of the current situation of Polylepis woodlands, discuss the potential effects of various conservation measures and consider the likely impact of climate change on tree phenology and tree regeneration, aiming to foster the conservation and sustainable management of these woodlands through proper environmental planning. I argue that in addition to the delineation and extension of protected areas, it is essential to incorporate actions such as forestation, forest policies, environmental education and local community participation. To be effective, conservation measures should be implemented in an international transdisciplinary research framework and in harmony with site-specific conditions. Finally, given the likely but uncertain influences of climate change on Polylepis woodlands, further research (and communication of that research) is needed to improve forest management strategies and research priorities for the Andean region.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hacquetiaarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Hacquetia
    Article . 2020
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    Hacquetia
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    Hacquetia
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hacquetiaarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2020
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Hacquetia
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Teneda Llerena, William Fabián; Milla Toro, Sindy Orieta;

    El trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar las características del mercado potencial del vinagre de frutas en el Ecuador, en la zona 3, provincias de Tungurahua, Cotopaxi Chimborazo y Pastaza en el Ecuador y establecer la factibilidad de creación de una empresa para generar valor agregado mediante la transformación de frutas producidas en la provincia de Tungurahua, como la manzana (Malus domestica), claudia (Prunus domestica), mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) y tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) y que actualmente no tienen un proceso industrial. Se realiza un estudio documental, descriptivo y empírico. Para el estudio de la demanda se aplica una encuesta a 383 personas; y para la oferta, a los productores. En la investigación se concluye que en el mercado local existe limitada producción de vinagre y el mismo es importado en grandes cantidades y ofrecido en el mercado ecuatoriano con aditamentos que permiten disfrutar el sabor a frutas en el vinagre, mientras que el vinagre obtenido de frutas se ofrece en pequeñas cantidades. Se realizó un análisis económico y financiero para determinar si el proyecto es factible y genera rentabilidad. Palabras clave: Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Residuos agroindustriales. Rubus glaucus Benth, Solanum betaceum, vinagre. SummaryThe objective of the research work is to determine the characteristics of the potential market for fruit vinegar in Ecuador in Zone 3 provinces of Tungurahua, Cotopaxi Chimborazo and Pastaza in Ecuador and establish the feasibility of creating a company to generate added value by transforming fruits produced in the province of Tungurahua, such as apple (Malus domestica), claudia (Prunus domestica), blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) and that currently do not have an industrial process. A documentary, descriptive and empirical study is carried out, for the study of the demand a survey is applied to 383 people and for the offer to the producers. The investigation concludes that in the local market there is limited production of vinegar and it is imported in large quantities and offered in the Ecuadorian market with additives that allow to enjoy the fruit flavor in the vinegar, while the vinegar obtained from fruits is offer in small quantities. An economic and financial analysis was carried out to determine if the project is feasible and generates profitability.Key words Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Agroindustrial waste, Rubus glaucus Benth, Solanum betaceum, vinegar.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Universi...arrow_drop_down
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    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Universi...arrow_drop_down
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      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Erazo Garzón, Lenin Xavier;

    En el siglo XXI, debido a la creciente concentración de la población en los núcleos urbanos, las ciudades se enfrentan a grandes retos de sostenibilidad de la sociedad a largo plazo, a fin de convertirse en verdaderos polos de desarrollo económico, social y cultural. Como respuesta a esta problemática, las iniciativas estratégicas de ciudad inteligente (Smart City) se han expandido por todo el mundo y el Ecuador no ha sido la excepción. Tanto el gobierno central como los gobiernos seccionales están emprendiendo importantes proyectos en el marco de la ciudad inteligente; sin embargo, dentro de la sociedad ecuatoriana, este concepto aún resulta poco conocido y familiar.Frente a esta circunstancia, este trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito clarificar la visión del concepto de ciudad inteligente, mediante una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica y comercial, que responde a las siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué es una ciudad inteligente? ¿Es un concepto que ha surgido recientemente? y de no ser así ¿Cómo ha evolucionado este concepto? ¿Qué áreas o sistemas del entorno urbano abarca el concepto de ciudad inteligente? ¿Qué servicios puede prestar? entre las más importantes. Palabras clave: ciudad inteligente, ciudad ubicua, entorno urbano, inteligencia urbana, internet de las cosas, sensores, domótica AbstractDue to the increasing concentration of population in urban areas in the XXI century, cities are facing major sustainable challenges of society in the long term so as to become real centers of economic, social and cultural development. In response to this problem, strategic initiatives of a Smart City have expanded worldwide, and Ecuador is not an exception. Both the central government and regional governments are undertaking major projects in the framework of the smart city; however, this concept is still little known and unfamiliar within the Ecuadorian society. Given this circumstance, this research paper aims to clarify the perspective of the smart city concept through a bibliographic review of the scientific and commercial literature, which answers the following questions among the most important ones: What is a smart city? Is it a concept that has emerged recently? And if not, how this concept has evolved? What areas or systems of the urban environment encompass the concept of smart city? What services can it provide?Keywords: Smart City, Ubiquitous City, Urban Environment, Urban Intelligence, Internet of Things, Sensors, Home Automation

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ UDA AKADEMarrow_drop_down
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    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ UDA AKADEMarrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Juan Pinos;

    Abstract Polylepis species represent one of the most important and endemic woodlands of the mid- and high-elevation regions of the Andean Cordillera. I provide a review of the current situation of Polylepis woodlands, discuss the potential effects of various conservation measures and consider the likely impact of climate change on tree phenology and tree regeneration, aiming to foster the conservation and sustainable management of these woodlands through proper environmental planning. I argue that in addition to the delineation and extension of protected areas, it is essential to incorporate actions such as forestation, forest policies, environmental education and local community participation. To be effective, conservation measures should be implemented in an international transdisciplinary research framework and in harmony with site-specific conditions. Finally, given the likely but uncertain influences of climate change on Polylepis woodlands, further research (and communication of that research) is needed to improve forest management strategies and research priorities for the Andean region.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hacquetiaarrow_drop_down
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    Hacquetia
    Article . 2020
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Hacquetia
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hacquetiaarrow_drop_down
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      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Teneda Llerena, William Fabián; Milla Toro, Sindy Orieta;

    El trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar las características del mercado potencial del vinagre de frutas en el Ecuador, en la zona 3, provincias de Tungurahua, Cotopaxi Chimborazo y Pastaza en el Ecuador y establecer la factibilidad de creación de una empresa para generar valor agregado mediante la transformación de frutas producidas en la provincia de Tungurahua, como la manzana (Malus domestica), claudia (Prunus domestica), mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) y tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) y que actualmente no tienen un proceso industrial. Se realiza un estudio documental, descriptivo y empírico. Para el estudio de la demanda se aplica una encuesta a 383 personas; y para la oferta, a los productores. En la investigación se concluye que en el mercado local existe limitada producción de vinagre y el mismo es importado en grandes cantidades y ofrecido en el mercado ecuatoriano con aditamentos que permiten disfrutar el sabor a frutas en el vinagre, mientras que el vinagre obtenido de frutas se ofrece en pequeñas cantidades. Se realizó un análisis económico y financiero para determinar si el proyecto es factible y genera rentabilidad. Palabras clave: Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Residuos agroindustriales. Rubus glaucus Benth, Solanum betaceum, vinagre. SummaryThe objective of the research work is to determine the characteristics of the potential market for fruit vinegar in Ecuador in Zone 3 provinces of Tungurahua, Cotopaxi Chimborazo and Pastaza in Ecuador and establish the feasibility of creating a company to generate added value by transforming fruits produced in the province of Tungurahua, such as apple (Malus domestica), claudia (Prunus domestica), blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) and that currently do not have an industrial process. A documentary, descriptive and empirical study is carried out, for the study of the demand a survey is applied to 383 people and for the offer to the producers. The investigation concludes that in the local market there is limited production of vinegar and it is imported in large quantities and offered in the Ecuadorian market with additives that allow to enjoy the fruit flavor in the vinegar, while the vinegar obtained from fruits is offer in small quantities. An economic and financial analysis was carried out to determine if the project is feasible and generates profitability.Key words Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Agroindustrial waste, Rubus glaucus Benth, Solanum betaceum, vinegar.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Universi...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositorio Universi...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Erazo Garzón, Lenin Xavier;

    En el siglo XXI, debido a la creciente concentración de la población en los núcleos urbanos, las ciudades se enfrentan a grandes retos de sostenibilidad de la sociedad a largo plazo, a fin de convertirse en verdaderos polos de desarrollo económico, social y cultural. Como respuesta a esta problemática, las iniciativas estratégicas de ciudad inteligente (Smart City) se han expandido por todo el mundo y el Ecuador no ha sido la excepción. Tanto el gobierno central como los gobiernos seccionales están emprendiendo importantes proyectos en el marco de la ciudad inteligente; sin embargo, dentro de la sociedad ecuatoriana, este concepto aún resulta poco conocido y familiar.Frente a esta circunstancia, este trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito clarificar la visión del concepto de ciudad inteligente, mediante una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica y comercial, que responde a las siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué es una ciudad inteligente? ¿Es un concepto que ha surgido recientemente? y de no ser así ¿Cómo ha evolucionado este concepto? ¿Qué áreas o sistemas del entorno urbano abarca el concepto de ciudad inteligente? ¿Qué servicios puede prestar? entre las más importantes. Palabras clave: ciudad inteligente, ciudad ubicua, entorno urbano, inteligencia urbana, internet de las cosas, sensores, domótica AbstractDue to the increasing concentration of population in urban areas in the XXI century, cities are facing major sustainable challenges of society in the long term so as to become real centers of economic, social and cultural development. In response to this problem, strategic initiatives of a Smart City have expanded worldwide, and Ecuador is not an exception. Both the central government and regional governments are undertaking major projects in the framework of the smart city; however, this concept is still little known and unfamiliar within the Ecuadorian society. Given this circumstance, this research paper aims to clarify the perspective of the smart city concept through a bibliographic review of the scientific and commercial literature, which answers the following questions among the most important ones: What is a smart city? Is it a concept that has emerged recently? And if not, how this concept has evolved? What areas or systems of the urban environment encompass the concept of smart city? What services can it provide?Keywords: Smart City, Ubiquitous City, Urban Environment, Urban Intelligence, Internet of Things, Sensors, Home Automation

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ UDA AKADEMarrow_drop_down
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    UDA AKADEM
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ UDA AKADEMarrow_drop_down
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      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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