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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Deniz Döner; Filiz Icier;

    Acorn fruit (AF) is a valuable yet tannin-rich forest byproduct. The removal of bitter-tasting tannins is essential for its use as food. This study investigated exergoeconomic analysis of ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) with varying amplitudes (20%-60%-100%) and duty cycle conditions (20%-60%-100%) to extract tannins from AF. Conventional solvent extraction (CSE) was used as comparison. AF, mixed with water (1:10 w/v), subjected to ultrasound until tannin content reached 0.0274 mg TAE/mg DM. The study evaluates process conditions' impact on performance and tannin's unit extraction cost. Exergoeconomic analysis was conducted by considering the exergy values, operating costs, investment costs, and extraction time. CSE requires 300 min for target tannin content, while USAE reduces this time to 40-fold. The highest energy efficiency (84.44 ± 2.97) and exergy efficiency (83.68 ± 3.61) were determined at 20% amplitude-20% duty cycle. USAE reduces extraction costs by 25% compared to CSE. USAE has the potential for rapid tannin extraction and cost reduction. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK; Yükseköğretim Kurulu

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Food Engi...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Food Engi...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Al, S.; Uysal, Ciloglu, F.; Akcay, A.; Koluman, A.;

    Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can be life-threatening and lead to major outbreaks. The prevention of STEC-related infections can be provided by control measures at all stages of the food chain. The growth performance of E. coli O157:H7 at different temperatures in raw ground beef spiked with cocktail inoculum was investigated using machine learning (ML) models to address this problem. After spiking, ground beef samples were stored at 4, 10, 20, 30 and 37 °C. Repeated E. coli O157 enumeration was performed at 0–96 h with 21 times repeated counting. The obtained microbiological data were evaluated with ML methods (Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR)) and statistically compared for valid prediction. The coefficient of determination (R2) and mean squared error (MSE) are two essential criteria used to evaluate the model performance regarding the comparison between the observed value and the prediction made by the model. RF model showed superior performance with 0.98 R2 and 0.08 MSE values for predicting the growth performance of E. coli O157 at different temperatures. MLR model predictions were obtained further from the observed values with 0.66 R2 and 2.7 MSE values. Our results indicate that ML methods can predict of E. coli O157:H7 growth in ground beef at different temperatures to strengthen food safety professionals and legal authorities to assess contamination risks and determine legal limits and criteria proactively. © 2023

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Erciyes University -...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Pamukkale GCRIS Database; Meat Science
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Erciyes University -...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Pamukkale GCRIS Database; Meat Science
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Atak, Arif;

    Climate change has many negative effects on the viticulture sector, as it does in all sectors. In recent years, global climate change has also shown its effect in the form of sudden climatic events. There is an urgent need to develop preventive/protective activities for all plant species in order to prevent the increasing world population from being negatively affected by many negative consequences of climate change such as increasing temperatures, drought, floods, and sudden climatic events. Grape industry is among the sectors that feel the negative effects of climate change the most, and this effect is increasing every year. Along with global warming, there are also important problems in accessing water. Particularly, there is a need to develop cultivars that are more resistant to drought stress and to make applications that will protect grapevine plants from drought stress. One of the most important issues to be overcome is to develop new cultivars that can withstand different stress conditions and to use them more in production. In addition, environmental and human health awareness is increasing day by day. Adaptation strategies to be taken against the negative effects of climate change and the studies to be carried out, as well as the use of new environmentally friendly varieties (requiring less input costs) to be developed in accordance with the sustainable agriculture model, will make significant contributions to protecting both the environment and human health.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Open Agriculturearrow_drop_down
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    Open Agriculture
    Article . 2024
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      Open Agriculture
      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Volodymyr Bobyl; Kateryna Hannouf;

    The research is dedicated to the analysis and evaluation of the transformation of intellectual capital (IC) properties in the pre-war period of the country. The study enhances and categorizes contemporary indicators for assessing intellectual capital properties, classifies indicators based on their qualitative impact on the level of intellectual capital, normalizes indicators for constructing radar charts, and determines the level of intellectual capital in Ukraine. The research identifies the impact level of the dynamics of intellectual capital properties on the country's GDP changes. Methodology: To achieve the set goal, the study employs the dialectical method, analysis, and synthesis (investigation of human, organizational, and structural (client) capitals and changes in their properties), graphical method (for illustrating research results); system-structural and expert analysis (to determine the impacts of changes in intellectual capital properties on GDP). Scientific novelty lies in determining the influence of transformations in intellectual capital properties on GDP changes to define a strategy for optimizing the country's intellectual capital structure. Practical significance involves recommending indicators for assessing IC properties for further development of incentive measures using digital technologies and artificial intelligence to enhance the structure of intellectual capital, providing grounds for developing a strategy for IC optimization in the country. Keywords: intellectual capital, digitization, structural capital, consumer capital, human capital, assessment, transformations, properties.

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    https://doaj.org/article/4fc32...
    Article . 2024
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      https://doaj.org/article/4fc32...
      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: R. Al-Awadi; A. Ulas; A. I. ILBAS;

    ABSTRACT The research aims to determine the response of the Maize crop to irrigation with salt water during the growth stages, and to study the accumulation of salts in the soil, the degree of their interaction, and the efficiency of water use. Three types of irrigation water with salt concentrations (1.5, 4.5, 6.5) dSm−1with three replicates for every kind water. The Randomized Complete Blocks Design was used in the experiment, and it was statistically analyzed using SPSS. Statistically significant differences were found at the 5% level according to Duncan's method. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences attributed to the salinity of irrigation water at the level of 4.5 dsm−1 (T2), which caused about 50% damage in plant height, root growth, leaf area per cob length, weight of 500 seeds, grain yield, and soil. Compared to salinity if irrigated with 1.5 dsm-1 (T1) salinity of river water. Using water with a salinity of 6.5 dsm-1 (T3) as wastewater resulted in a reduction of all apparent plant characteristics by 75%. An increase in soil salinity was also observed at the end of the experiment compared to its salinity at the beginning of the experiment, and this damage increases with an increase in the electrical conductivity of the water used in irrigation operations. It has been observed that soil PH decreases with increasing soil salinity. KEYWORDS: Maize, Salt water, Phenotypic characteristics, Water use efficiency

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ovoŝi Rossiiarrow_drop_down
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    Ovoŝi Rossii
    Article . 2024
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ovoŝi Rossiiarrow_drop_down
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      Ovoŝi Rossii
      Article . 2024
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    Authors: Kone, Sita;

    Experts' reports on the current and future consequences of climate change for the agricultural sector are worrying. The fact that the decline in agricultural yields due to the impact of climate change has led to a high level of food insecurity, has led to the implementation of various adaptation strategies. There are four important objectives of this study; the first is to determine farmers' perceptions of climate change and food security, the second is to evaluate the agricultural adaptation strategies implemented by farmers, the third is to determine the impact of adaptation strategies on food security, and finally to put forward recommendations for the agricultural sector to adapt effectively to climate change. To this end, the research consists of data obtained through face-to-face interviews with 384 farmers in a total of 16 villages in the provinces of Houet, Kénédougou and Tuy in the Hauts-Bassins region of Burkina Faso. Within the scope of the research, the main components factor analysis and clustering analysis were performed to determine the determinants of farmers' climate change perceptions. In addition, using the Best-Worst Method (BWM) of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model (MCDM), it was determined what were the most effective/most important and least effective/least important adaptation strategies according to farmers. When analyzing the effect of climate change adaptation strategies on food security, two impact assessment analysis models were used; Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression Model and Multinomial Endogenous Treatment Effect Model. The research results show that when a rang of climate change indicators perceived by farmers are taken into account, they are aware of and perceive climate change. The adaptation strategies implemented by farmers differ by province, and while they are similar in Houet and Tuy, they are different in Kénédougou. While declining crops and increasing drought are the most likely climate hazards, according to farmers, the most effective adaptation strategy is Soil and Water Conservation Techniques (SWC). In the Hauts-Bassins region, level of education, membership of agricultural cooperatives, use of pesticides/herbicides, land area, number of cattle owned, access to climate information and access to information on agricultural technologies are also important determinants of the adoption of an agricultural adaptation strategy by farmers. Furthermore, the results of internal regression models show that the application of agricultural practices (Soil and Water Conservation Techniques and Improved Seed Varieties Techniques) alone and together has a positive effect on the level of food security of farm households. With regard to access to information by farmers, dissemination of information on new crop varieties that are resilient to climate change is a top priority, followed by issues related to the effective use of agricultural inputs and the real impacts of climate change. As a result, in order for the adaptation strategies applied to adapt to climate change to be effective for food security and for farmers to effectively adopt them, it is necessary to use different agricultural policy tools by decision makers, especially according to the farmer segments and provinces determined within the scope of the research. In addition, with only one-fifth of farmers in the region benefiting from agricultural services, it is of the most importance to increase extension services, to improve access to quality and real-time information on easy access to new agricultural technologies, and to take the necessary measures to ensure farmer organization as well as to invest more in result-based monitoring and evaluating of adaptation projects and activities. İklim değişikliğinin tarım sektörüne mevcut ve gelecekteki sonuçları konusunda, uzmanların raporları endişe vericidir. İklim değişikliğinin etkisiyle tarımsal verimdeki düşüşün yüksek düzeyde gıda güvencesizliğine yol açması ise çeşitli adaptasyon/uyum stratejilerinin uygulamaya konmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın dört önemli amacı bulunmaktadır; ilki çiftçilerin iklim değişikliği ve gıda güvencesine yönelik algılarının belirlenmesi, ikincisi çiftçiler tarafından uygulanan tarımsal uyum stratejilerinin değerlendirilmesi, üçüncüsü uyum stratejilerinin gıda güvencesine etkisinin tespit edilmesi ve son olarak tarım sektörünün iklim değişikliğine etkili bir şekilde uyum sağlaması için öneriler ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, araştırma Burkina Faso'nun Hauts-Bassins bölgesinde Houet, Kénédougou ve Tuy illerinde toplam 16 köyde 384 çiftçi ile yüz yüze görüşmeler yoluyla elde edilen verilerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında temel bileşenler faktör analizi ve kümeleme analizi yapılarak çiftçilerin iklim değişikliği algılarına yönelik belirleyicileri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Modeli'nin (MCDM) En İyi-En Kötü Yöntemi (BWM) kullanılarak çiftçilere göre en etkili/en önemli ve en az etkili/en önemsiz başa çıkma stratejilerinin neler olduğu saptanmıştır. İklim değişikliğine uyum stratejilerinin gıda güvencesine etkisi analiz edilirken de iki etki değerlendirme analiz modeli kullanılmıştır; Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression Model ve Multinomial Endogenous Treatment Effect Model. Araştırma sonuçları, çiftçiler tarafından algılanan iklim değişikliği göstergeleri dikkate alındığında, iklim değişikliğini farkında oldukları ve algıladıklarını göstermektedir. Çiftçiler tarafından uygulanan uyum stratejileri illere göre farklılık göstermekte olup, Houet ve Tuy'da benzer iken, Kénédougou'da farklıdır. Yağışların azalması ve kuraklığın artması çiftçilere göre, en olası iklim tehlikesiyken, en etkili uyum stratejisi ise Toprak ve Su Koruma Teknikleri (SWC)'dir. Hauts-Bassins bölgesinde eğitim düzeyi, tarımsal kooperatif üyeliği, pestisit/herbisit kullanımı, arazi genişliği, sahip olunan büyükbaş hayvan sayısı, iklim bilgisine erişim ve tarımsal teknolojiler hakkında bilgiye erişim, çiftçiler tarafından bir tarımsal adaptasyon stratejisinin benimsenmesinde önemli belirleyici değişkenlerdir. Ayrıca, içsel regresyon modellerinin sonuçları, tarımsal uygulamaların (Toprak ve Su Koruma Teknikleri ve Geliştirilmiş Tohum Teknikleri) yalnız ve birlikte uygulanmasının çiftlik hanelerinin gıda güvencesi düzeyi üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Çiftçiler tarafından, bilgiye erişim ile ilgili olarak, iklim değişikliğine dayanıklı yeni ürün çeşitlerine ilişkin bilgilerin yaygınlaştırılması en öncelikliyken, bunu tarımsal girdilerin etkin kullanımı ve iklim değişikliğinin gerçek etkilerine ilişkin konular takip etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, iklim değişikliğine yönelik uygulanacak adaptasyon stratejilerinin gıda güvencesinde etkili olabilmesi ve çiftçilerin benimseyebilmesi için özellikle araştırma kapsamında belirlenen çiftçi segmentlerine ve illere göre karar alıcılar tarafından farklı tarımsal politika araçlarının kullanma gereği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca bölgede sadece çiftçilerin beşte birinin tarım hizmetlerinden yararlanıyor olması nedeniyle yayım hizmetlerinin artırılması, yeni tarım teknolojilerine kolay erişim konularında kaliteli ve gerçek zamanlı bilgiye erişimin iyileştirilmesine ve uyum faaliyetlerinin izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesine daha fazla yatırım yapılmasının yanında çiftçi örgütlenmesinin sağlanması için de gerekli önlemlerin alınması son derece önem taşımaktadır.

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    Authors: Koparan, Sena;

    Bu çalışmada Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü bünyesinde ekimi yapılan ve Ege Bölgesinde ikinci ürün olarak kullanıma uygun farklı mısır genotipleri üzerinde Cicadellidae, Aphididae, Thripidae ve Phlaeothripidae familyalarına bağlı türlerin popülasyon değişimleri 21 Haziran-30 Eylül 2023 tarihleri arasında incelenmiştir. Bahsi geçen zararlı gruplarından Cicadellidae, Thripidae ve Phlaeothripidae familyalarına bağlı türlerin deneme parsellerinde bulunup bulunmadığının tespit edilmesi ve popülasyon değişimlerinin belirlenebilmesi için her bir parselin ortasına 25x10 cm ebatlarında, alt kısmı bitkilerin tepe noktasına gelecek şekilde bir adet sarı ve bir adet mavi yapışkan tuzak asılmıştır. Aphididae familyasına bağlı ergin ve nimf bireyler için ise; yaprak, tepe püskülü ve koçan yaprağı üzerinde haftalık gözlemler ile popülasyon takibi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan tuzaklar 8 haftalık süreçte haftalık olarak değiştirilip, laboratuvar ortamında stereo binoküler mikroskop kullanılarak familyalara ait birey sayımları yapılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma sürecinde deneme parsellerinden alınan mısır yaprağı örnekleri Imagej Analiz Programı kullanılarak yaprak yüzey alanlarındaki zarar oranları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Cicadellidae familyasına bağlı türlerce en çok tercih edilen mısır genotiplerinin M16S45 ve KWS Kefieros, en az tercih edilen mısır genotipinin ise Capuzi genotipi olduğu; Thripidae ve Phlaeothripidae familyalarına bağlı türlerce en çok tercih edilen mısır genotiplerinin ise LG 31.545 ve Bodega genotipleri, en az tercih edilen mısır genotipinin ise DKC 6761 olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yaprak yüzey alanlarındaki zarar yüzdelerini ortaya koyan analiz sonucu göz önüne alındığında M16S45 genotipinin diğer genotiplerle kıyaslandığında tolerant, 94 May 66 genotipinin ise hassas bir genotip olabileceği düşüncesini ortaya çıkmıştır. Menemen (İzmir) ilçesinde bulunan deneme parsellerinde sokucu emici ağız yapısına sahip türlerden Zyginidia pullula (Boherman, 1845), Zyginidia sohrab Zatchvakin, Cicadulina bipunctella (Matsumura), Empoasca decipiens Paoli, Limothrips spp., Haplothrips spp., Aeolothrips spp., Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) ve Aphis fabae Scopoli türlerinin bölgede hâkim türler olarak yer aldığı saptanmıştır. In this study, the population changes of the species of Cicadellidae, Aphididae, Thripidae and Phlaeothripidae families were examined during 21 June-30 September 2023 period on different genotypes which were cultivated in the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute Directorate and suitable for use as a second crop in Aegean region. In order to determine whether the species of Cicadellidae, Thripidae and Phlaeothripidae families were present in the experimental field and to determine the population changes, one yellow and one blue sticky trap was hung in the middle of each plot. For adult and nymphal individuals of Aphididae family, the population monitoring was carried out with weekly observations on leaves, tassels and cob leaves. The traps used in the study were changed weekly during the 8-week period and individuals of the families were counted using a stereo binocular microscope in the laboratory. In addition, corn leaf samples taken from the experimental plots during the study period were analyzed using Imagej Analysis Program to determine the damage rates on leaf surface areas. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the most preferred maize genotypes by Cicadellidae species were M16S45 and KWS Kefieros, and the least preferred maize genotype was Capuzi genotype; the most preferred maize genotypes by Thripidae and Phlaeothripidae species were LG 31.545 and Bodega genotypes, and the least preferred maize genotype was DKC 6761. Considering the results of the analysis of the percentages of damage on leaf surface areas, it was concluded that the genotype M16S45 was tolerant compared to other genotypes, while the genotype 94 May 66 could be a sensitive genotype. It was determined that Zyginidia pullula (Boherman, 1845), Zyginidia sohrab Zatchvakin, Cicadulina bipunctella (Matsumura), Empoasca decipiens Paoli, Limothrips spp., Haplothrips spp., Aeolothrips spp., Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Aphis fabae Scopoli were the dominant of sucking insect species in the test field in Menemen (İzmir) district.

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    Authors: Seioudy, Ahmed Fathy Hassan;

    Bu çalışma, Tris-sitrik asit-glikoz yumurta sarısı gliserol (TCGYG) bazlı sulandırıcıda bütil hidroksitolüen'in (BHT) farklı konsantrasyonlarının (0,6 mM, 2,0 mM ve 5,0 mM) Saanen teke sperminin kryoprezervasyonunun sperma kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Ayrıca, kriyoprezervasyon öncesinde santrifüjleme yoluyla yıkanmış ve yıkanmamış sperm etkisi incelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, başarılı bir teke spermi kriyoprezervasyonunun geliştirilmesinde optimal bir BHT konsantrasyonu bulunması amaçlanmıştır. Tez çalışması, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü Küçükbaş Hayvan ünitesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 1-2 yaş arasında ve 50-60 kg canlı ağırlık aralığındaki 4 baş Saanen ırkı teke kullanılmıştır. Sperma toplama işlemi tekelerden çiftleşme mevsiminde (Kasım-Ocak) haftada 2 kez gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sperma, dişi varlığında yapay vajina yöntemiyle alınmıştır. Alınan sperma test tüplerinde birleştirilerek karışım elde edildikten sonra, 2 eşit ana gruba ayrılarak örnekler oluşturulmuştur. Bir kısım, tris-sitrik asit-glikoz (TCG) solüsyonunda (1:5) oranında seyreltilmiş ve iki kez 600 x g'de 10 dakika boyunca santrifüj edilerek yıkanmış, diğer kısım yıkanmadan tutulmuştur. Yıkadıktan sonra süpernatan dikkatlice çıkarılmış ve elde edilen tortu dört eşit parçaya bölünmüştür. Yıkanmamış sperma ise iki eşit parçaya bölünmüştür. Yıkanmış ve yıkanmamış sperma, muamelelere göre farklı konsantrasyonlarda BHT takviyesi ile desteklenmiş farklı TCG (%5 gliserol ve %15 yumurta sarısı) birinde yeniden süspanse edilmiştir: 1) yıkanmış sperma; 2) yıkanmış sperma + 0,6 mM BHT; 3) yıkanmış sperma + 2,0 mM BHT; 4) yıkanmış sperma + 5,0 mM BHT; 5) yıkanmamış sperma ve 6) yıkanmamış sperma + 5,0 mM BHT. Sulandırılan sperma 6 farklı 0,25 ml'lik payetlere çekildikten sonra, +4°C'de 2 saat ekilibrasyona bırakılmıştır. Ekilibrasyondan sonra payetler sıvı azot seviyesinin 4 cm üzerinde sıvı azot buharında 15 dakikada dondurulmuş ve sıvı azota daldırılarak saklanmıştır. Dondurma işlemi toplamda 20 kez tekrarlanmıştır. Alınan spermanın elde edilen karışık ejakülat miktarı (ml) ve sperm yoğunluğu (x109/ml) değerlendirilirken dondurma-çözdürme sonrası toplam, progresif, lokal spermatozoa motilitesi (%) ve ölü spermatozoa (%) parametreleri Bilgisayar Destekli Sperma Analizi (CASA) ile belirlenmiştir. Sperma miktarı en yüksek miktar 2,5 ml, en düşük miktar 1,0 ml ve ortalama 1,75±0,39 ml olarak kaydedilmiştir. Spermanın yoğunluğu ortalama 2,320x109/ml olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çözündürme sonrası TCGYG sulandırıcısına toplam ve progresif motilitesi bakımından, BHT antioksidan hem yıkanmış sperma hem de yıkanmamış sperma muamelesinde kontrol grubundan farkının önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (P0,05). Yıkanmış sperma muamelesinde yalnızca 2,0 mM BHT grupları arasında en yüksek toplam ve progresif motilite oranı sırasıyla; % 71,65 ve % 42,44 ile kaydedilirken en düşük oran kontrol grubunda bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, yıkanmış sperma grubunun yıkanmamış sperma grubundan farkının önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (P0,05). BHT ilavesinin yıkanmış sperma grubunda yıkanmamış sperma grubundan önemli bir ölçüde (P0,05) daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak BHT antioksidan ilavesinin, TCGYG sulandırıcısı ile sulandırılan deneme grubunda lokal spermatozoa motilitesi bakımından farkının, hem yıkanmış sperma hem de yıkanmamış sperma muamelesinde kontrol grubundan istatistik bakımından önemli değildir (P>0,05). Ayrıca, lokal motilite bakımından yıkanmış sperma grubu yıkanmamış sperma grubundan fark önemli değildir (P>0,05). Diğer taraftan TCGYG sulandırıcısında, ölü spermatozoa oranı bakımından, BHT antioksidan ilavesinin hem yıkanmış sperma hem de yıkanmamış sperma muamelesinde, kontrol grubundan farkının önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (P0,05). Yıkanmış sperma grubunda 2,0 mM BHT grupları arasında en düşük değer olarak % 28,34 ile kaydedilirken genelde en yüksek değer kontrol grubunda bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, ölü spermatozoa oranı bakımından yıkanmış sperma grubunun yıkanmamış sperma grubundan farkının önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (P0,05). Buna göre BHT ilavesinin yıkanmış sperma grubunda yıkanmamış sperma grubundan daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Saanen tekelerde BHT önemli bir ölçüde hem sperm motilite oranını hem de sperm canlılığı oranını artmıştır. Bu sonuçla Saanen teke spermasının dondurulması için 0,6 ile 2,0 mM/mL arasında değişen BHT konsantrasyonunun optimum olabileceğini göstermektedir. Çözündürme sonrası yıkanmış spermada hem en yüksek motilite oranı hem de en düşük ölü spermatozoa oranı TCGYG sulandırıcısına 2 mM BHT ilavesi içeren grupta kaydedilmiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak, toz yumurta sarısı bazlı ortamda kriyoprezerve edilmiş yıkanmış ve yıkanmamış spermlerin kalite parametrelerinin çoğunu iyileştirmek için 2.0 mM konsantrasyonda BHT ilavesi önerilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada hem en yüksek motilite oranı hem de en düşük ölü spermatozoa oranı yıkanmış sperma grubunda kaydedilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, kriyoprezervasyon öncesi spermanın ilk santrifüjlenmesiyle yıkanması ve spermin dondurularak saklanmasında canlılık oranının iyileştirilmesi önerilmiştir. The main objective of this study was to define the effect of cryopreservation with different concentrations of butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 0.6 mM, 2.0 mM, and 5.0 mM in Tris-citric acid-glucose egg yolk glycerol (TCGYG) based extender on semen quality of Saanen buck. Also, the effect of washed and unwashed sperm by centrifugation before cryopreservation was examined. Therefore, an optimal concentration of BHT could be found to develop a successful cryopreservation of buck sperm. The study was carried out at Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Small Animals Unit. A total number of 4 Saanen bucks with 1-2 years old and 50-60 kg body weight were used in this study. Semen was collected twice a week during the mating season (November-January) using an artificial vagina in the presence of female goat. The collected semen was mixed in test tubes and the mixture was divided into two equal main groups. One portion was diluted in tris-citric acid-glucose (TCG) solution (1:5) and washed twice by centrifugation at 600 x g for 10 minutes, while the other portion was kept unwashed. The supernatant was carefully removed after washing and the residue was divided into four equal parts, while the unwashed semen was divided into two equal parts. Afterwards, washed and unwashed semen were re-suspended in one of the different TCG-based media with 5% glycerol and 15% powdered egg yolk supplemented or not with different concentrations of BHT according to the treatments: 1) washed semen; 2) washed semen + 0.6 mM BHT; 3) washed semen + 2.0 mM BHT; 4) washed semen + 5.0 mM BHT; 5) unwashed semen and 6) unwashed semen + 5.0 mM BHT. Following supplementation or not with BHT, semen treatments were packed into 6 different 0.25 ml straws then were left to equilibrate at +4°C for 2 hours. After equilibration, the straws were kept in liquid nitrogen vapor at 4 cm above the liquid nitrogen level for 15 minutes and frozen by storing in liquid nitrogen. The total number of the freezing process was repeated 20 times. The amount of mixed ejaculate (ml) and spermatozoa concentration (x109/ml) obtained by mixing the collected semen were recorded, while the evaluation of total, progressive, local sperm motility (%) and dead spermatozoa (%) was determined by Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA). The obtained results showed that the maximum amount of semen was 2.5 ml; the minimum amount was 1.0 ml, and the average was 1.75 ml. The average of sperm concentration was 2,320x109/ml. In terms of total and progressive sperm motility in TCGYG extender after thawing, BHT groups were significantly (P0.05) different than the control group in both of washed and unwashed semen treatments. The highest percentages of total and progressive sperm motility were recorded with 2.0 mM of BHT with an average of 71.65 and 42.44 %, respectively in washed semen, while the lowest percentages were recorded in the control group. Moreover, the difference between the washed and unwashed semen was significant (P0.05). The washed semen was significantly (P0.05) higher in the percentages of total and progressive sperm motility compared to unwashed semen. In the term of local sperm motility in TCGYG extender, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the control group and BHT groups in both of washed and unwashed semen. The difference between the washed and unwashed semen was also insignificant (P>0.05). On the other hand, the percentage of dead spermatozoa in TCGYG extender, was significantly (P0.05) different in BHT groups than the control group in both of washed and unwashed semen. The lowest percentage of dead spermatozoa was recorded with 2.0 mM of BHT with an average of 28.34 % in washed semen, while the highest percentage was recorded in the control group. Moreover, the difference between the washed and unwashed semen was significant (P0.05). The washed semen was significantly (P0.05) lower in the percentage of dead spermatozoa compared to unwashed semen. In conclusion, BHT increased significantly (P0.05) both of sperm motility and viability in Saanen bucks. This study showed that BHT concentration ranging from 0.6 to 2.0 mM/mL could be the optimum concentration for freezing semen of Saanen buck. The highest percentages of sperm motility and viability were recorded after thawing of washed semen in TCGYG extender containing 2 mM of BHT. Consequently, the addition of BHT with a concentration of 2.0 mM could be recommended as an optimum concentration to improve many parameters of washed and unwashed sperm cryopreserved in an egg yolk-based medium. Also, both of the highest sperm motility and viability were recorded in washed semen compared to unwashed semen in this study. Therefore, it could be recommended to make sperm washing before cryopreservation by initial centrifugation of the semen to improve sperm cryosurvival.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kanyilmaz, Efe;

    Yaprağı yenen sebzeler grubunda yer alan ıspanak yetiştiriciliğinde kalıntı problemi gün geçtikçe önemli hale gelmektedir. Ayrıca ıspanak mildiyösü (Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae =P. effusa) (Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae) yeni ırklar oluşturarak çeşitli dayanıklılık mekanizmalarını da hızla kırmaktadır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda entegre mücadele yöntemlerinde bitki aktivatörlerinin de yer aldığı alternatif preparat kullanımı önem kazanmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında da ilaçlama programlarında yer alabilecek bitki aktivatörleri kullanılarak bunların etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, İzmir'in Menemen İlçesi'ndeki hastalığa karşı duyarlı olduğu bilinen ıspanak (Spinacia oleracea var. L.) tarlalarında üretici koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Entegre mücadeleyi destekleyici kalıntı problemi olmayan ve bitki savunma mekanizmalarını destekleyici çeşitli bitki aktivatörleri ile ilaçlama programları tasarlanarak bunları etkinlikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda bitki aktivatörleri ile desteklenmiş olan ilaçlama programları, diğer programlara kıyasla ön plana çıkarak alternatif ürünlerin kullanımının desteklenebileceği ortaya konmuştur. Residue problem is gaining importance day by day in spinach cultivation. In addition, spinach downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinacie = P. effusa) (Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae) fastly breaks resistance mechanisms by forming new strains. For this reason, the use of alternative preparations including plant activators in integrated pest management has gained importance in recent years. In this thesis, plant activators that can be included in spraying programs were used and their effects were evaluated. The study was made under producer conditions in spinach (Spinacia oleracea var. L.) fields known to be susceptible to the disease in Menemen, İzmir. Spraying programs with various plant activators that support integrated pest management, and without residue problems and support plant defense mechanisms were designed and their effectiveness was evaluated. As a result of the evaluations, it has been revealed that the spraying programs supported with plant activators stand out compared to other programs and the use of alternative products can be supported.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Boztunç, Aslihan;

    Bu çalışmada etlik piliç üretiminde safra tuzu, probiyotik ve enzim ilaveli ve ilavesiz ön-başlatma yemi kullanımının performans, kesim özellikleri ve besin madde sindirilebilirliği üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmadatoplamgünlük 60 adetetlikcivcivkullanılmştır. Civcivler her birinde 20 adet civciv bulunan 3 muamale grubuna rastgele ayrılmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk 10 günü civcivler standart başlatma yemi ya da safra tuzu, probiyotik ve enzim ilaveli veya ilavesiz ön-başlatma yemleri tüketmişler, daha sonra 11-42. günler arasında standart geliştirme ve bitirme yemleri ile beslenmişlerdir. Civcivler ilk beş gün yer bölmelerinde barındırılmış, daha sonra bireysel metabolizma kafeslerine yerleştirilmiştir. Yem ve su ad libitum olarak sunulmuştur. Deneme grupları arasında canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artşı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı bakımından önemli düzeyde farklılık oluşmamıştır. Piliçlerin 42. güne ait kesim özellikleride benzerlik göstermiştir. Safra tuzu, probiyotik ve enzim ilaveli ön-başlatma yemi tüketilen grupta ham yağın sindirim derecesi önemli düzeyde yükselmiştir. In this study, the effects of the use of pre-starter diet with or without added bile salt, probiotic and enzyme on performance, slaughter characteristics and nutrient digestibility in broiler production were investigated. A total of 60 daily broiler chicks were used in the study. In the first 10 days of the study, the chicks consumed standard starter diet or pre-starter diets with or without added bile salt, probiotic and enzyme, then they were fed with standard grower and finisher diet between days 11-42. For the first five days, the chicks were housed in the floor pens, and then they moved to induvidial metabolism cages. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. There was no significant difference between the experimental groups in terms of live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. The slaughter characteristics of the chickens on the 42nd day were also similar. The digestibility of crude fat increased significantly in the group consumed pre-starter diet with bile salt, probiotics and enzymes.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Deniz Döner; Filiz Icier;

    Acorn fruit (AF) is a valuable yet tannin-rich forest byproduct. The removal of bitter-tasting tannins is essential for its use as food. This study investigated exergoeconomic analysis of ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) with varying amplitudes (20%-60%-100%) and duty cycle conditions (20%-60%-100%) to extract tannins from AF. Conventional solvent extraction (CSE) was used as comparison. AF, mixed with water (1:10 w/v), subjected to ultrasound until tannin content reached 0.0274 mg TAE/mg DM. The study evaluates process conditions' impact on performance and tannin's unit extraction cost. Exergoeconomic analysis was conducted by considering the exergy values, operating costs, investment costs, and extraction time. CSE requires 300 min for target tannin content, while USAE reduces this time to 40-fold. The highest energy efficiency (84.44 ± 2.97) and exergy efficiency (83.68 ± 3.61) were determined at 20% amplitude-20% duty cycle. USAE reduces extraction costs by 25% compared to CSE. USAE has the potential for rapid tannin extraction and cost reduction. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK; Yükseköğretim Kurulu

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Food Engi...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Food Engi...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Al, S.; Uysal, Ciloglu, F.; Akcay, A.; Koluman, A.;

    Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can be life-threatening and lead to major outbreaks. The prevention of STEC-related infections can be provided by control measures at all stages of the food chain. The growth performance of E. coli O157:H7 at different temperatures in raw ground beef spiked with cocktail inoculum was investigated using machine learning (ML) models to address this problem. After spiking, ground beef samples were stored at 4, 10, 20, 30 and 37 °C. Repeated E. coli O157 enumeration was performed at 0–96 h with 21 times repeated counting. The obtained microbiological data were evaluated with ML methods (Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR)) and statistically compared for valid prediction. The coefficient of determination (R2) and mean squared error (MSE) are two essential criteria used to evaluate the model performance regarding the comparison between the observed value and the prediction made by the model. RF model showed superior performance with 0.98 R2 and 0.08 MSE values for predicting the growth performance of E. coli O157 at different temperatures. MLR model predictions were obtained further from the observed values with 0.66 R2 and 2.7 MSE values. Our results indicate that ML methods can predict of E. coli O157:H7 growth in ground beef at different temperatures to strengthen food safety professionals and legal authorities to assess contamination risks and determine legal limits and criteria proactively. © 2023

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Erciyes University -...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Pamukkale GCRIS Database; Meat Science
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Erciyes University -...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Pamukkale GCRIS Database; Meat Science
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Atak, Arif;

    Climate change has many negative effects on the viticulture sector, as it does in all sectors. In recent years, global climate change has also shown its effect in the form of sudden climatic events. There is an urgent need to develop preventive/protective activities for all plant species in order to prevent the increasing world population from being negatively affected by many negative consequences of climate change such as increasing temperatures, drought, floods, and sudden climatic events. Grape industry is among the sectors that feel the negative effects of climate change the most, and this effect is increasing every year. Along with global warming, there are also important problems in accessing water. Particularly, there is a need to develop cultivars that are more resistant to drought stress and to make applications that will protect grapevine plants from drought stress. One of the most important issues to be overcome is to develop new cultivars that can withstand different stress conditions and to use them more in production. In addition, environmental and human health awareness is increasing day by day. Adaptation strategies to be taken against the negative effects of climate change and the studies to be carried out, as well as the use of new environmentally friendly varieties (requiring less input costs) to be developed in accordance with the sustainable agriculture model, will make significant contributions to protecting both the environment and human health.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Open Agriculturearrow_drop_down
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    Open Agriculture
    Article . 2024
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      Open Agriculture
      Article . 2024
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Volodymyr Bobyl; Kateryna Hannouf;

    The research is dedicated to the analysis and evaluation of the transformation of intellectual capital (IC) properties in the pre-war period of the country. The study enhances and categorizes contemporary indicators for assessing intellectual capital properties, classifies indicators based on their qualitative impact on the level of intellectual capital, normalizes indicators for constructing radar charts, and determines the level of intellectual capital in Ukraine. The research identifies the impact level of the dynamics of intellectual capital properties on the country's GDP changes. Methodology: To achieve the set goal, the study employs the dialectical method, analysis, and synthesis (investigation of human, organizational, and structural (client) capitals and changes in their properties), graphical method (for illustrating research results); system-structural and expert analysis (to determine the impacts of changes in intellectual capital properties on GDP). Scientific novelty lies in determining the influence of transformations in intellectual capital properties on GDP changes to define a strategy for optimizing the country's intellectual capital structure. Practical significance involves recommending indicators for assessing IC properties for further development of incentive measures using digital technologies and artificial intelligence to enhance the structure of intellectual capital, providing grounds for developing a strategy for IC optimization in the country. Keywords: intellectual capital, digitization, structural capital, consumer capital, human capital, assessment, transformations, properties.

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Authors: R. Al-Awadi; A. Ulas; A. I. ILBAS;

    ABSTRACT The research aims to determine the response of the Maize crop to irrigation with salt water during the growth stages, and to study the accumulation of salts in the soil, the degree of their interaction, and the efficiency of water use. Three types of irrigation water with salt concentrations (1.5, 4.5, 6.5) dSm−1with three replicates for every kind water. The Randomized Complete Blocks Design was used in the experiment, and it was statistically analyzed using SPSS. Statistically significant differences were found at the 5% level according to Duncan's method. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences attributed to the salinity of irrigation water at the level of 4.5 dsm−1 (T2), which caused about 50% damage in plant height, root growth, leaf area per cob length, weight of 500 seeds, grain yield, and soil. Compared to salinity if irrigated with 1.5 dsm-1 (T1) salinity of river water. Using water with a salinity of 6.5 dsm-1 (T3) as wastewater resulted in a reduction of all apparent plant characteristics by 75%. An increase in soil salinity was also observed at the end of the experiment compared to its salinity at the beginning of the experiment, and this damage increases with an increase in the electrical conductivity of the water used in irrigation operations. It has been observed that soil PH decreases with increasing soil salinity. KEYWORDS: Maize, Salt water, Phenotypic characteristics, Water use efficiency

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    Authors: Kone, Sita;

    Experts' reports on the current and future consequences of climate change for the agricultural sector are worrying. The fact that the decline in agricultural yields due to the impact of climate change has led to a high level of food insecurity, has led to the implementation of various adaptation strategies. There are four important objectives of this study; the first is to determine farmers' perceptions of climate change and food security, the second is to evaluate the agricultural adaptation strategies implemented by farmers, the third is to determine the impact of adaptation strategies on food security, and finally to put forward recommendations for the agricultural sector to adapt effectively to climate change. To this end, the research consists of data obtained through face-to-face interviews with 384 farmers in a total of 16 villages in the provinces of Houet, Kénédougou and Tuy in the Hauts-Bassins region of Burkina Faso. Within the scope of the research, the main components factor analysis and clustering analysis were performed to determine the determinants of farmers' climate change perceptions. In addition, using the Best-Worst Method (BWM) of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model (MCDM), it was determined what were the most effective/most important and least effective/least important adaptation strategies according to farmers. When analyzing the effect of climate change adaptation strategies on food security, two impact assessment analysis models were used; Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression Model and Multinomial Endogenous Treatment Effect Model. The research results show that when a rang of climate change indicators perceived by farmers are taken into account, they are aware of and perceive climate change. The adaptation strategies implemented by farmers differ by province, and while they are similar in Houet and Tuy, they are different in Kénédougou. While declining crops and increasing drought are the most likely climate hazards, according to farmers, the most effective adaptation strategy is Soil and Water Conservation Techniques (SWC). In the Hauts-Bassins region, level of education, membership of agricultural cooperatives, use of pesticides/herbicides, land area, number of cattle owned, access to climate information and access to information on agricultural technologies are also important determinants of the adoption of an agricultural adaptation strategy by farmers. Furthermore, the results of internal regression models show that the application of agricultural practices (Soil and Water Conservation Techniques and Improved Seed Varieties Techniques) alone and together has a positive effect on the level of food security of farm households. With regard to access to information by farmers, dissemination of information on new crop varieties that are resilient to climate change is a top priority, followed by issues related to the effective use of agricultural inputs and the real impacts of climate change. As a result, in order for the adaptation strategies applied to adapt to climate change to be effective for food security and for farmers to effectively adopt them, it is necessary to use different agricultural policy tools by decision makers, especially according to the farmer segments and provinces determined within the scope of the research. In addition, with only one-fifth of farmers in the region benefiting from agricultural services, it is of the most importance to increase extension services, to improve access to quality and real-time information on easy access to new agricultural technologies, and to take the necessary measures to ensure farmer organization as well as to invest more in result-based monitoring and evaluating of adaptation projects and activities. İklim değişikliğinin tarım sektörüne mevcut ve gelecekteki sonuçları konusunda, uzmanların raporları endişe vericidir. İklim değişikliğinin etkisiyle tarımsal verimdeki düşüşün yüksek düzeyde gıda güvencesizliğine yol açması ise çeşitli adaptasyon/uyum stratejilerinin uygulamaya konmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın dört önemli amacı bulunmaktadır; ilki çiftçilerin iklim değişikliği ve gıda güvencesine yönelik algılarının belirlenmesi, ikincisi çiftçiler tarafından uygulanan tarımsal uyum stratejilerinin değerlendirilmesi, üçüncüsü uyum stratejilerinin gıda güvencesine etkisinin tespit edilmesi ve son olarak tarım sektörünün iklim değişikliğine etkili bir şekilde uyum sağlaması için öneriler ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, araştırma Burkina Faso'nun Hauts-Bassins bölgesinde Houet, Kénédougou ve Tuy illerinde toplam 16 köyde 384 çiftçi ile yüz yüze görüşmeler yoluyla elde edilen verilerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında temel bileşenler faktör analizi ve kümeleme analizi yapılarak çiftçilerin iklim değişikliği algılarına yönelik belirleyicileri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Modeli'nin (MCDM) En İyi-En Kötü Yöntemi (BWM) kullanılarak çiftçilere göre en etkili/en önemli ve en az etkili/en önemsiz başa çıkma stratejilerinin neler olduğu saptanmıştır. İklim değişikliğine uyum stratejilerinin gıda güvencesine etkisi analiz edilirken de iki etki değerlendirme analiz modeli kullanılmıştır; Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression Model ve Multinomial Endogenous Treatment Effect Model. Araştırma sonuçları, çiftçiler tarafından algılanan iklim değişikliği göstergeleri dikkate alındığında, iklim değişikliğini farkında oldukları ve algıladıklarını göstermektedir. Çiftçiler tarafından uygulanan uyum stratejileri illere göre farklılık göstermekte olup, Houet ve Tuy'da benzer iken, Kénédougou'da farklıdır. Yağışların azalması ve kuraklığın artması çiftçilere göre, en olası iklim tehlikesiyken, en etkili uyum stratejisi ise Toprak ve Su Koruma Teknikleri (SWC)'dir. Hauts-Bassins bölgesinde eğitim düzeyi, tarımsal kooperatif üyeliği, pestisit/herbisit kullanımı, arazi genişliği, sahip olunan büyükbaş hayvan sayısı, iklim bilgisine erişim ve tarımsal teknolojiler hakkında bilgiye erişim, çiftçiler tarafından bir tarımsal adaptasyon stratejisinin benimsenmesinde önemli belirleyici değişkenlerdir. Ayrıca, içsel regresyon modellerinin sonuçları, tarımsal uygulamaların (Toprak ve Su Koruma Teknikleri ve Geliştirilmiş Tohum Teknikleri) yalnız ve birlikte uygulanmasının çiftlik hanelerinin gıda güvencesi düzeyi üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Çiftçiler tarafından, bilgiye erişim ile ilgili olarak, iklim değişikliğine dayanıklı yeni ürün çeşitlerine ilişkin bilgilerin yaygınlaştırılması en öncelikliyken, bunu tarımsal girdilerin etkin kullanımı ve iklim değişikliğinin gerçek etkilerine ilişkin konular takip etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, iklim değişikliğine yönelik uygulanacak adaptasyon stratejilerinin gıda güvencesinde etkili olabilmesi ve çiftçilerin benimseyebilmesi için özellikle araştırma kapsamında belirlenen çiftçi segmentlerine ve illere göre karar alıcılar tarafından farklı tarımsal politika araçlarının kullanma gereği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca bölgede sadece çiftçilerin beşte birinin tarım hizmetlerinden yararlanıyor olması nedeniyle yayım hizmetlerinin artırılması, yeni tarım teknolojilerine kolay erişim konularında kaliteli ve gerçek zamanlı bilgiye erişimin iyileştirilmesine ve uyum faaliyetlerinin izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesine daha fazla yatırım yapılmasının yanında çiftçi örgütlenmesinin sağlanması için de gerekli önlemlerin alınması son derece önem taşımaktadır.

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    Authors: Koparan, Sena;

    Bu çalışmada Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü bünyesinde ekimi yapılan ve Ege Bölgesinde ikinci ürün olarak kullanıma uygun farklı mısır genotipleri üzerinde Cicadellidae, Aphididae, Thripidae ve Phlaeothripidae familyalarına bağlı türlerin popülasyon değişimleri 21 Haziran-30 Eylül 2023 tarihleri arasında incelenmiştir. Bahsi geçen zararlı gruplarından Cicadellidae, Thripidae ve Phlaeothripidae familyalarına bağlı türlerin deneme parsellerinde bulunup bulunmadığının tespit edilmesi ve popülasyon değişimlerinin belirlenebilmesi için her bir parselin ortasına 25x10 cm ebatlarında, alt kısmı bitkilerin tepe noktasına gelecek şekilde bir adet sarı ve bir adet mavi yapışkan tuzak asılmıştır. Aphididae familyasına bağlı ergin ve nimf bireyler için ise; yaprak, tepe püskülü ve koçan yaprağı üzerinde haftalık gözlemler ile popülasyon takibi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan tuzaklar 8 haftalık süreçte haftalık olarak değiştirilip, laboratuvar ortamında stereo binoküler mikroskop kullanılarak familyalara ait birey sayımları yapılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma sürecinde deneme parsellerinden alınan mısır yaprağı örnekleri Imagej Analiz Programı kullanılarak yaprak yüzey alanlarındaki zarar oranları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Cicadellidae familyasına bağlı türlerce en çok tercih edilen mısır genotiplerinin M16S45 ve KWS Kefieros, en az tercih edilen mısır genotipinin ise Capuzi genotipi olduğu; Thripidae ve Phlaeothripidae familyalarına bağlı türlerce en çok tercih edilen mısır genotiplerinin ise LG 31.545 ve Bodega genotipleri, en az tercih edilen mısır genotipinin ise DKC 6761 olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yaprak yüzey alanlarındaki zarar yüzdelerini ortaya koyan analiz sonucu göz önüne alındığında M16S45 genotipinin diğer genotiplerle kıyaslandığında tolerant, 94 May 66 genotipinin ise hassas bir genotip olabileceği düşüncesini ortaya çıkmıştır. Menemen (İzmir) ilçesinde bulunan deneme parsellerinde sokucu emici ağız yapısına sahip türlerden Zyginidia pullula (Boherman, 1845), Zyginidia sohrab Zatchvakin, Cicadulina bipunctella (Matsumura), Empoasca decipiens Paoli, Limothrips spp., Haplothrips spp., Aeolothrips spp., Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) ve Aphis fabae Scopoli türlerinin bölgede hâkim türler olarak yer aldığı saptanmıştır. In this study, the population changes of the species of Cicadellidae, Aphididae, Thripidae and Phlaeothripidae families were examined during 21 June-30 September 2023 period on different genotypes which were cultivated in the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute Directorate and suitable for use as a second crop in Aegean region. In order to determine whether the species of Cicadellidae, Thripidae and Phlaeothripidae families were present in the experimental field and to determine the population changes, one yellow and one blue sticky trap was hung in the middle of each plot. For adult and nymphal individuals of Aphididae family, the population monitoring was carried out with weekly observations on leaves, tassels and cob leaves. The traps used in the study were changed weekly during the 8-week period and individuals of the families were counted using a stereo binocular microscope in the laboratory. In addition, corn leaf samples taken from the experimental plots during the study period were analyzed using Imagej Analysis Program to determine the damage rates on leaf surface areas. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the most preferred maize genotypes by Cicadellidae species were M16S45 and KWS Kefieros, and the least preferred maize genotype was Capuzi genotype; the most preferred maize genotypes by Thripidae and Phlaeothripidae species were LG 31.545 and Bodega genotypes, and the least preferred maize genotype was DKC 6761. Considering the results of the analysis of the percentages of damage on leaf surface areas, it was concluded that the genotype M16S45 was tolerant compared to other genotypes, while the genotype 94 May 66 could be a sensitive genotype. It was determined that Zyginidia pullula (Boherman, 1845), Zyginidia sohrab Zatchvakin, Cicadulina bipunctella (Matsumura), Empoasca decipiens Paoli, Limothrips spp., Haplothrips spp., Aeolothrips spp., Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Aphis fabae Scopoli were the dominant of sucking insect species in the test field in Menemen (İzmir) district.

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    Authors: Seioudy, Ahmed Fathy Hassan;

    Bu çalışma, Tris-sitrik asit-glikoz yumurta sarısı gliserol (TCGYG) bazlı sulandırıcıda bütil hidroksitolüen'in (BHT) farklı konsantrasyonlarının (0,6 mM, 2,0 mM ve 5,0 mM) Saanen teke sperminin kryoprezervasyonunun sperma kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Ayrıca, kriyoprezervasyon öncesinde santrifüjleme yoluyla yıkanmış ve yıkanmamış sperm etkisi incelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, başarılı bir teke spermi kriyoprezervasyonunun geliştirilmesinde optimal bir BHT konsantrasyonu bulunması amaçlanmıştır. Tez çalışması, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü Küçükbaş Hayvan ünitesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 1-2 yaş arasında ve 50-60 kg canlı ağırlık aralığındaki 4 baş Saanen ırkı teke kullanılmıştır. Sperma toplama işlemi tekelerden çiftleşme mevsiminde (Kasım-Ocak) haftada 2 kez gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sperma, dişi varlığında yapay vajina yöntemiyle alınmıştır. Alınan sperma test tüplerinde birleştirilerek karışım elde edildikten sonra, 2 eşit ana gruba ayrılarak örnekler oluşturulmuştur. Bir kısım, tris-sitrik asit-glikoz (TCG) solüsyonunda (1:5) oranında seyreltilmiş ve iki kez 600 x g'de 10 dakika boyunca santrifüj edilerek yıkanmış, diğer kısım yıkanmadan tutulmuştur. Yıkadıktan sonra süpernatan dikkatlice çıkarılmış ve elde edilen tortu dört eşit parçaya bölünmüştür. Yıkanmamış sperma ise iki eşit parçaya bölünmüştür. Yıkanmış ve yıkanmamış sperma, muamelelere göre farklı konsantrasyonlarda BHT takviyesi ile desteklenmiş farklı TCG (%5 gliserol ve %15 yumurta sarısı) birinde yeniden süspanse edilmiştir: 1) yıkanmış sperma; 2) yıkanmış sperma + 0,6 mM BHT; 3) yıkanmış sperma + 2,0 mM BHT; 4) yıkanmış sperma + 5,0 mM BHT; 5) yıkanmamış sperma ve 6) yıkanmamış sperma + 5,0 mM BHT. Sulandırılan sperma 6 farklı 0,25 ml'lik payetlere çekildikten sonra, +4°C'de 2 saat ekilibrasyona bırakılmıştır. Ekilibrasyondan sonra payetler sıvı azot seviyesinin 4 cm üzerinde sıvı azot buharında 15 dakikada dondurulmuş ve sıvı azota daldırılarak saklanmıştır. Dondurma işlemi toplamda 20 kez tekrarlanmıştır. Alınan spermanın elde edilen karışık ejakülat miktarı (ml) ve sperm yoğunluğu (x109/ml) değerlendirilirken dondurma-çözdürme sonrası toplam, progresif, lokal spermatozoa motilitesi (%) ve ölü spermatozoa (%) parametreleri Bilgisayar Destekli Sperma Analizi (CASA) ile belirlenmiştir. Sperma miktarı en yüksek miktar 2,5 ml, en düşük miktar 1,0 ml ve ortalama 1,75±0,39 ml olarak kaydedilmiştir. Spermanın yoğunluğu ortalama 2,320x109/ml olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çözündürme sonrası TCGYG sulandırıcısına toplam ve progresif motilitesi bakımından, BHT antioksidan hem yıkanmış sperma hem de yıkanmamış sperma muamelesinde kontrol grubundan farkının önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (P0,05). Yıkanmış sperma muamelesinde yalnızca 2,0 mM BHT grupları arasında en yüksek toplam ve progresif motilite oranı sırasıyla; % 71,65 ve % 42,44 ile kaydedilirken en düşük oran kontrol grubunda bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, yıkanmış sperma grubunun yıkanmamış sperma grubundan farkının önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (P0,05). BHT ilavesinin yıkanmış sperma grubunda yıkanmamış sperma grubundan önemli bir ölçüde (P0,05) daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak BHT antioksidan ilavesinin, TCGYG sulandırıcısı ile sulandırılan deneme grubunda lokal spermatozoa motilitesi bakımından farkının, hem yıkanmış sperma hem de yıkanmamış sperma muamelesinde kontrol grubundan istatistik bakımından önemli değildir (P>0,05). Ayrıca, lokal motilite bakımından yıkanmış sperma grubu yıkanmamış sperma grubundan fark önemli değildir (P>0,05). Diğer taraftan TCGYG sulandırıcısında, ölü spermatozoa oranı bakımından, BHT antioksidan ilavesinin hem yıkanmış sperma hem de yıkanmamış sperma muamelesinde, kontrol grubundan farkının önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (P0,05). Yıkanmış sperma grubunda 2,0 mM BHT grupları arasında en düşük değer olarak % 28,34 ile kaydedilirken genelde en yüksek değer kontrol grubunda bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, ölü spermatozoa oranı bakımından yıkanmış sperma grubunun yıkanmamış sperma grubundan farkının önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (P0,05). Buna göre BHT ilavesinin yıkanmış sperma grubunda yıkanmamış sperma grubundan daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Saanen tekelerde BHT önemli bir ölçüde hem sperm motilite oranını hem de sperm canlılığı oranını artmıştır. Bu sonuçla Saanen teke spermasının dondurulması için 0,6 ile 2,0 mM/mL arasında değişen BHT konsantrasyonunun optimum olabileceğini göstermektedir. Çözündürme sonrası yıkanmış spermada hem en yüksek motilite oranı hem de en düşük ölü spermatozoa oranı TCGYG sulandırıcısına 2 mM BHT ilavesi içeren grupta kaydedilmiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak, toz yumurta sarısı bazlı ortamda kriyoprezerve edilmiş yıkanmış ve yıkanmamış spermlerin kalite parametrelerinin çoğunu iyileştirmek için 2.0 mM konsantrasyonda BHT ilavesi önerilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada hem en yüksek motilite oranı hem de en düşük ölü spermatozoa oranı yıkanmış sperma grubunda kaydedilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, kriyoprezervasyon öncesi spermanın ilk santrifüjlenmesiyle yıkanması ve spermin dondurularak saklanmasında canlılık oranının iyileştirilmesi önerilmiştir. The main objective of this study was to define the effect of cryopreservation with different concentrations of butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 0.6 mM, 2.0 mM, and 5.0 mM in Tris-citric acid-glucose egg yolk glycerol (TCGYG) based extender on semen quality of Saanen buck. Also, the effect of washed and unwashed sperm by centrifugation before cryopreservation was examined. Therefore, an optimal concentration of BHT could be found to develop a successful cryopreservation of buck sperm. The study was carried out at Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Small Animals Unit. A total number of 4 Saanen bucks with 1-2 years old and 50-60 kg body weight were used in this study. Semen was collected twice a week during the mating season (November-January) using an artificial vagina in the presence of female goat. The collected semen was mixed in test tubes and the mixture was divided into two equal main groups. One portion was diluted in tris-citric acid-glucose (TCG) solution (1:5) and washed twice by centrifugation at 600 x g for 10 minutes, while the other portion was kept unwashed. The supernatant was carefully removed after washing and the residue was divided into four equal parts, while the unwashed semen was divided into two equal parts. Afterwards, washed and unwashed semen were re-suspended in one of the different TCG-based media with 5% glycerol and 15% powdered egg yolk supplemented or not with different concentrations of BHT according to the treatments: 1) washed semen; 2) washed semen + 0.6 mM BHT; 3) washed semen + 2.0 mM BHT; 4) washed semen + 5.0 mM BHT; 5) unwashed semen and 6) unwashed semen + 5.0 mM BHT. Following supplementation or not with BHT, semen treatments were packed into 6 different 0.25 ml straws then were left to equilibrate at +4°C for 2 hours. After equilibration, the straws were kept in liquid nitrogen vapor at 4 cm above the liquid nitrogen level for 15 minutes and frozen by storing in liquid nitrogen. The total number of the freezing process was repeated 20 times. The amount of mixed ejaculate (ml) and spermatozoa concentration (x109/ml) obtained by mixing the collected semen were recorded, while the evaluation of total, progressive, local sperm motility (%) and dead spermatozoa (%) was determined by Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA). The obtained results showed that the maximum amount of semen was 2.5 ml; the minimum amount was 1.0 ml, and the average was 1.75 ml. The average of sperm concentration was 2,320x109/ml. In terms of total and progressive sperm motility in TCGYG extender after thawing, BHT groups were significantly (P0.05) different than the control group in both of washed and unwashed semen treatments. The highest percentages of total and progressive sperm motility were recorded with 2.0 mM of BHT with an average of 71.65 and 42.44 %, respectively in washed semen, while the lowest percentages were recorded in the control group. Moreover, the difference between the washed and unwashed semen was significant (P0.05). The washed semen was significantly (P0.05) higher in the percentages of total and progressive sperm motility compared to unwashed semen. In the term of local sperm motility in TCGYG extender, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the control group and BHT groups in both of washed and unwashed semen. The difference between the washed and unwashed semen was also insignificant (P>0.05). On the other hand, the percentage of dead spermatozoa in TCGYG extender, was significantly (P0.05) different in BHT groups than the control group in both of washed and unwashed semen. The lowest percentage of dead spermatozoa was recorded with 2.0 mM of BHT with an average of 28.34 % in washed semen, while the highest percentage was recorded in the control group. Moreover, the difference between the washed and unwashed semen was significant (P0.05). The washed semen was significantly (P0.05) lower in the percentage of dead spermatozoa compared to unwashed semen. In conclusion, BHT increased significantly (P0.05) both of sperm motility and viability in Saanen bucks. This study showed that BHT concentration ranging from 0.6 to 2.0 mM/mL could be the optimum concentration for freezing semen of Saanen buck. The highest percentages of sperm motility and viability were recorded after thawing of washed semen in TCGYG extender containing 2 mM of BHT. Consequently, the addition of BHT with a concentration of 2.0 mM could be recommended as an optimum concentration to improve many parameters of washed and unwashed sperm cryopreserved in an egg yolk-based medium. Also, both of the highest sperm motility and viability were recorded in washed semen compared to unwashed semen in this study. Therefore, it could be recommended to make sperm washing before cryopreservation by initial centrifugation of the semen to improve sperm cryosurvival.

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    Authors: Kanyilmaz, Efe;

    Yaprağı yenen sebzeler grubunda yer alan ıspanak yetiştiriciliğinde kalıntı problemi gün geçtikçe önemli hale gelmektedir. Ayrıca ıspanak mildiyösü (Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae =P. effusa) (Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae) yeni ırklar oluşturarak çeşitli dayanıklılık mekanizmalarını da hızla kırmaktadır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda entegre mücadele yöntemlerinde bitki aktivatörlerinin de yer aldığı alternatif preparat kullanımı önem kazanmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında da ilaçlama programlarında yer alabilecek bitki aktivatörleri kullanılarak bunların etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, İzmir'in Menemen İlçesi'ndeki hastalığa karşı duyarlı olduğu bilinen ıspanak (Spinacia oleracea var. L.) tarlalarında üretici koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Entegre mücadeleyi destekleyici kalıntı problemi olmayan ve bitki savunma mekanizmalarını destekleyici çeşitli bitki aktivatörleri ile ilaçlama programları tasarlanarak bunları etkinlikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda bitki aktivatörleri ile desteklenmiş olan ilaçlama programları, diğer programlara kıyasla ön plana çıkarak alternatif ürünlerin kullanımının desteklenebileceği ortaya konmuştur. Residue problem is gaining importance day by day in spinach cultivation. In addition, spinach downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinacie = P. effusa) (Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae) fastly breaks resistance mechanisms by forming new strains. For this reason, the use of alternative preparations including plant activators in integrated pest management has gained importance in recent years. In this thesis, plant activators that can be included in spraying programs were used and their effects were evaluated. The study was made under producer conditions in spinach (Spinacia oleracea var. L.) fields known to be susceptible to the disease in Menemen, İzmir. Spraying programs with various plant activators that support integrated pest management, and without residue problems and support plant defense mechanisms were designed and their effectiveness was evaluated. As a result of the evaluations, it has been revealed that the spraying programs supported with plant activators stand out compared to other programs and the use of alternative products can be supported.

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    Authors: Boztunç, Aslihan;

    Bu çalışmada etlik piliç üretiminde safra tuzu, probiyotik ve enzim ilaveli ve ilavesiz ön-başlatma yemi kullanımının performans, kesim özellikleri ve besin madde sindirilebilirliği üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmadatoplamgünlük 60 adetetlikcivcivkullanılmştır. Civcivler her birinde 20 adet civciv bulunan 3 muamale grubuna rastgele ayrılmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk 10 günü civcivler standart başlatma yemi ya da safra tuzu, probiyotik ve enzim ilaveli veya ilavesiz ön-başlatma yemleri tüketmişler, daha sonra 11-42. günler arasında standart geliştirme ve bitirme yemleri ile beslenmişlerdir. Civcivler ilk beş gün yer bölmelerinde barındırılmış, daha sonra bireysel metabolizma kafeslerine yerleştirilmiştir. Yem ve su ad libitum olarak sunulmuştur. Deneme grupları arasında canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artşı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı bakımından önemli düzeyde farklılık oluşmamıştır. Piliçlerin 42. güne ait kesim özellikleride benzerlik göstermiştir. Safra tuzu, probiyotik ve enzim ilaveli ön-başlatma yemi tüketilen grupta ham yağın sindirim derecesi önemli düzeyde yükselmiştir. In this study, the effects of the use of pre-starter diet with or without added bile salt, probiotic and enzyme on performance, slaughter characteristics and nutrient digestibility in broiler production were investigated. A total of 60 daily broiler chicks were used in the study. In the first 10 days of the study, the chicks consumed standard starter diet or pre-starter diets with or without added bile salt, probiotic and enzyme, then they were fed with standard grower and finisher diet between days 11-42. For the first five days, the chicks were housed in the floor pens, and then they moved to induvidial metabolism cages. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. There was no significant difference between the experimental groups in terms of live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. The slaughter characteristics of the chickens on the 42nd day were also similar. The digestibility of crude fat increased significantly in the group consumed pre-starter diet with bile salt, probiotics and enzymes.

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