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International audience; Modern cities are becoming "green and sustainable" once effective and optimized energy management of resources, gathering, and integration of data from smart energy and building are executed. The integration of heterogeneous technologies, and devices, require an interoperable solution to describe devices and data exchanged. SAREF is an ontology supported by the ETSI SmartM2M standard to achieve interoperability among IoT projects, architectures, etc. that can be extended to any IoT vertical domains such as smart buildings or energy. SAREF can be used to describe data sent through communication protocols or once that data must be processed (e.g., on the cloud, gateways, devices). ETSI does not provide tools yet that support the SAREF ontology to avoid engineers from developing from scratch. We design a SAREF-compliant sensor dictionary which also overcomes SAREF limitations. The sensor dictionary, applied to energy scenarios, is employed by a reasoner to infer meaningful knowledge from sensor data. Online demonstrators are available. The scenarios are also relevant for the Interconnect Europeanfunded project that comprises 50 partners to design interoperable smart buildings and grids.

International audience; LPWAN refers to highly energy-efficient wireless communication over very long distances. Nonetheless, even with the increased range, 1-hop connectivity can be difficult to achieve in real-world deployment scenario. Especially for remote and rural areas where density of gateways is low and where devices/gateway are usually deployed for a specific application. Therefore, a smart and transparent 2-hop approach has been proposed in a previous work to leverage these connectivity issues. This article extends this approach with similarity detection features in order to (i) reduce the power consumption when waking-up to relay packets and (ii) reduce the radio activity time when running under duty-cycle regulated constraints.

En décembre 2009, les ruines d’un petit sanctuaire śivaïte ont été retrouvées enterrées sous plusieurs mètres de matériaux volcaniques dans la petite ville de Kimpulan, sur le flanc sud du mont Merapi. Cette découverte jette une lumière inattendue sur la tradition architecturale et la vie rituelle d’une communauté rurale dans la Java du IXe siècle. Kimpulan est non seulement un exemple exceptionnel d’architecture en matériaux mixtes, mais son assez bon état de conservation apporte également de nouveaux éléments de réponse à un problème récurrent de l’archéologie javanaise : la fonction des sanctuaires secondaires en contexte śivaïte. La découverte la plus remarquable faite lors des fouilles de Kimpulan est certainement celle des dix-huit dépôts rituels intacts découverts sous le dallage et les statues. Cet article présente et discute ce matériel, et associe les dépôts de Kimpulan à deux rituels connus des textes indiens, à savoir le ratnanyāsa (installation d’une statue/ liṅga) et le garbhanyāsa (consécration du temple). In December 2009, remains of a small Śiva sanctuary were found buried under several metres of volcanic material in the village of Kimpulan, on the southern slope of Mount Merapi. This discovery provides us with an unexpected glimpse into the architectural tradition and the ritual life of a 9th-century Javanese rural community. Not only is Kimpulan an exceptional example of mixed-materials architecture, but its relatively good state of preservation brings new clues to a recurring issue in Javanese archaeology: the function of secondary shrines in Śaiva context. The most remarkable find of the Kimpulan excavations certainly is the eighteen undisturbed ritual deposits discovered beneath the pavement and under the statues. This article presents and discusses these data, linking the Kimpulan deposits with two rituals known from Indian texts, namely the ratnanyāsa (installation of a statue/ liṅga) and the garbhanyāsa (temple consecration). Panca Putra Indung, Setyastuti Ary, Pramumijoyo Subagyo, Indrajaya Agustijanto, Sesaria Mochtar Agni, Degroot Véronique. Candi Kimpulan (Central Java, Indonesia): Architecture and Consecration Rituals of a 9th-Century Hindu Temple. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 105, 2019. pp. 73-114.

Cet article propose une réflexion sur les conditions d’existence et de pérennisation d’une filière agricole en vente directe aux abords des grandes villes, en tenant compte d'effets externes négatifs liés à l'activité urbaine. On considère dans ce modèle que la proximité à la ville génère des externalités de pollution pouvant nuire aux rendements agricoles. Le modèle d’économie spatiale développé pour cette étude suppose que les agriculteurs ont le choix entre deux modèles de production, l'un conventionnel les conduisant à produire un bien homogène, l'autre de type « vente directe » où les biens sont verticalement et horizontalement différenciés. La résolution analytique de l'équilibre de marché permet de mettre en évidence l'existence d'une tension entre quantité et qualité de chacun des biens agricoles issus de la vente directe. Nous démontrons par ailleurs qu'à l'équilibre de libre-entrée, les villes de taille intermédiaire sont les plus en capacité d'offrir une grande variété de biens. Enfin, nous mettons en évidence que la variation des externalités dans l'espace conduit à introduire de l'hétérogénéité entre les producteurs, se traduisant par des distorsions de concurrence sur le marché de la vente directe et une gamme de variétés plus faible à taille de ville de donnée. In this paper, we study how the proximity to cities affects the decision of farmers to enter the direct-selling market in presence of spatial heterogeneity in agricultural yields. We develop a theoretical model which takes into account the externality of urban pollution and market access costs on direct-selling profits. We find that regions hosting an intermediate-size city are more likely to supply a wider range of direct-selling varieties. Additionally, we highlight that spatial heterogeneity in productivity creates distortions in competition between farmers, and can have concomitant undesired effects on both the quality and the range of available varieties.

Purpose – As adaptation and mitigation are separated in international and national policies, there is also a division in the financial resources mobilized by the international community to help developing countries deal with climate change. Given that mitigation activities can benefit or hinder adaptation, and vice versa, promoting activities that contribute to both objectives can increase the efficiency of fund allocation and minimize trade-offs, particularly in land-related activities such as agriculture and forestry. The purpose of this study is to analyze how climate funding organizations consider the integration of adaptation and mitigation. Design/methodology/approach – The authors interviewed representatives of climate funds directed toward forestry and agriculture to gain a better understanding of how they perceive the benefits, risks and barriers of an integrated approach; whether they have concrete activities for promoting this approach; and how they foresee the future of adaptation–mitigation integration. Findings – Interviews revealed a diverse range of perceived benefits, risks and barriers at local, national and global scales. Most interviewees focused on the local benefits of this integration (e.g. increasing the resilience of forest carbon projects), whereas others emphasized global risks (e.g. decreasing global funding efficiency because of project complexity). Despite the general interest in projects and policies integrating adaptation and mitigation, few relevant actions have been implemented by organizations engaged in climate change finance. Originality/value – This paper provides new insight into how the representatives of climate funds perceive and act on the integration of adaptation and mitigation in forestry and agriculture. The findings by the authors can inform the development of procedures for climate change finance, such as the Green Climate Fund. While managers of climate funds face barriers in promoting an integrated approach to adaptation and mitigation, they also have the capacity and the ambition to overcome them.

This book provides an up-to-date assessment of sustainable agri-food systems and rural development in the Mediterranean countries. It examines and reviews the impact of EU and national policies on environmental and trade issues in agricultural and rural organizations in the southern and eastern Mediterranean region. The book also reflects key socio-economic and political issues such as resource management, income distribution, employment and migration trends, and sustainability aspects. It demonstrates technical and methodological tools used for the analysis and explains their application. The book presents the collective work of a research consortium funded by an EU (FP7) project. Résultats de recherche du projet européen FP7 SustainMed coordonné par le CIHEAM-IAMM International audience