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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Wesley Tack; Maxime Madder; Lander Baeten; Margot Vanhellemont; +2 Authors

    Abstract A large fraction of the forests in northern Belgium consists of homogeneous pine stands on nutrient-poor and acid sandy soils. However, in common with many other parts of Europe, the current forest management aims at increasing the share of deciduous and mixed forests. This might create favourable habitats for the tick Ixodes ricinus , which is Europe’s main vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis in humans. Considering the threat to human health, it is important to know which factors regulate tick abundance. The influence of local habitat and landscape variables on the abundance of I. ricinus ticks were studied by collecting questing larvae, nymphs, and adults at 176 locations in forests in the Campine region (northern Belgium). Both I. ricinus ticks and B. burgdorferi spirochetes occurred throughout the study area, which means that the entire region represents an area of risk for contracting Lyme borreliosis. At the forest stand level, the main tree species and the shrub cover significantly affected the abundance of all life stages of I. ricinus . The abundance was higher in oak stands compared to pine stands, and increased with increasing shrub cover. Additionally, at the landscape level, a positive effect was found for forest edge length but not for forest cover. These patterns may be explained by the habitat preferences of the tick’s main hosts. Our results indicate that forest conversion might indeed create suitable habitats for ticks, which highlights the need for intensive information campaigns and effective tick control measures.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tropmed Central Antw...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Forest Ecology and Management
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tropmed Central Antw...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Forest Ecology and Management
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kouakou, N. D. V.; Thys, E.; Danho, M.; Assidjo, E. N.; +1 Authors

    Effect of Panicum maximum on Productivity of Primiparous Females during Reproduction Cycle in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus L.). In Ivory Coast, Guinea pigs reared for meat (Cavia porcellus L.) are mainly fed with Panicum maximum. To assess the effect of the latter during pregnancy and lactation (RC) of these animals, primiparous dams were fed ad libitum, Panicum maximum alone during the RC (MOD1) or associated with pellets for rabbits during lactation (MOD2), or associated with pellets for rabbits during the last part of the pregnancy period and the lactation (MOD3), or associated with pellets for rabbits during the entire RC (MOD4). The number of corpora lutea per female was 1.3 ± 0.5 and 2.0 ± 0.0 respectively for MOD1 and MOD4. No pre-embryonic mortality was recorded. The mean weight of the young guinea pigs of MOD1 (54.7 ± 10. g) was only 55% of that of MOD4 (98.6 ± 13.6 g). At weaning, the average weight gain of young guinea pigs of MOD1 (40.5 ± 22.2 g) represented a third of those obtained with other diets that did not significantly differ. At the end of RC, the weight gain of dams was 17 ± 13.3% for MOD1 compared to 50% for MOD2, MOD3 and MOD4. Feeding Panicum maximum alone induces chronic malnutrition which in turn is responsible of the low ovulation rate and reduced growth in guinea pig breeding.

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    Tropicultura
    Article . 2012
    Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2012
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Tropicultura
      Article . 2012
      Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DOAJ
      Article . 2012
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Daniela Penafiel; Carl Lachat; Ramón Espinel; Patrick Van Damme; +1 Authors

    The sustainable use of natural and agricultural biodiversity in the diet can be instrumental to preserve existing food biodiversity, address malnutrition, and mitigate adverse effects of dietary changes worldwide. This systematic review of literature summarizes the current evidence on the contribution of plant and animal biodiversity to human diets in terms of energy intake, micronutrient intake, and dietary diversification. Peer-reviewed studies were searched in ten databases using pre-defined search terms. Only original studies assessing food biodiversity and dietary intake were included, resulting in a total of 34 studies. 7, 14, and 17 studies reported information in relation to energy intake, micronutrient intake, and dietary diversification, respectively. In general, locally available foods were found to be important sources of energy, micronutrients, and dietary diversification in the diet of particularly rural and forest communities of highly biodiverse ecosystems. The current evidence shows local food biodiversity as important contributor of nutritious diets. Findings are, however, limited to populations living in highly biodiverse areas. Research on the contribution of biodiversity in diets of industrialized and urban settings needs more attention. Instruments are needed that would more appropriately measure the dietary contribution of local biodiversity.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tropmed Central Antw...arrow_drop_down
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    EcoHealth
    Article . 2011
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tropmed Central Antw...arrow_drop_down
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      EcoHealth
      Article . 2011
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Esther Buregyeya; Asli Kulane; Robert Colebunders; Anne Wajja; +5 Authors

    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess tuberculosis (TB) knowledge, attitudes and health-seeking behaviour to inform the design of communication and social mobilisation interventions. SETTING: Iganga/Mayuge Demographic Surveillance Site, Uganda. DESIGN: Between June and July 2008, 18 focus group discussions and 12 key informant interviews were conducted, including parents of infants and adolescents and key informant interviews with community leaders, traditional healers and patients with TB. RESULTS: People viewed TB as contagious, but not necessarily an airborne pathogen. Popular TB aetiologies included sharing utensils, heavy labour, smoking, bewitchment and hereditary transmission. TB patients were perceived to seek care late or to avoid care. Combining care from traditional healers and the biomedical system was common. Poverty, drug stock-outs, fear of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and length of TB treatment negatively affect health-seeking behaviour. Stigma and avoidance of persons with TB often reflects an assumption of HIV co-infection. CONCLUSION: The community's concerns about pill burden, quality of care, financial barriers, TB aetiology, stigma and preference for pluralistic care need to be addressed to improve early detection. Health education messages should emphasise the curability of TB, the feasibility of treatment and the engagement of traditional healers as partners in identifying cases and facilitating adherence to treatment.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tropmed Central Antw...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Tropmed Central Antw...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Van Rompaey, S.; Kimfuta, J.; Kimbondo, P.; Monn, C.; +1 Authors

    Despite the availability of large funds and considerable efforts to improve access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), coverage of treatment with ART remains low in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We identified the bottlenecks for adults' access to ART in a semi-rural health zone in DRC, compared ART coverage in the urban and rural area and described the outcomes and yield of different HIV testing settings. An operational model was used to examine bottlenecks in the flow of patients. The study period covered the start of the HIV care programme in April 2006, until December 2008. An estimated 505 People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), of whom 201 were in need of ART, lived in the health zone. The proportion of PLWHA in need of ART who were actually receiving ART was estimated at 53%. About 6451 adults were tested for HIV, 266 of them were HIV-positive and 163 accessed the HIV care programme. About 106 of the 126-159 eligible patients initiated ART. The main bottleneck was situated at HIV detection. Access to the HIV care programme for the patients testing HIV-positive was identified as the second biggest bottleneck. About 41% of the PLWHA identified in urban areas accessed the HIV care programme, versus 11% of the rural PLWHA, showing a serious inequity. The tuberculosis (TB) programme detected 75% of the total estimated 92 co-infected patients of the health zone. Only 13% of women testing positive in the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission programme accessed the HIV care programme, showing that this bottleneck is greatly accentuated in this specific group. By testing all pregnant women and all TB patients in the health zone, 28% of all PLWHA could potentially be detected in a period of 33 months, showing its great potential in settings with a relatively low HIV prevalence.

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    AIDS Care
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    AIDS Care
    Article . 2011
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      AIDS Care
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      AIDS Care
      Article . 2011
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    Authors: Tefera Belachew; Craig Hadley; David P. Lindstrom; Abebe Gebremariam; +4 Authors

    OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown the adverse health consequences of food insecurity on household members. To what extent this relationship is mediated by gender among adolescents has not been documented. We hypothesized that the health consequences of food insecurity would be more pronounced in girls compared with boys. METHODS: We used the first-round data from a 5-year longitudinal family survey of 2084 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from urban, semiurban, and rural areas of southwest Ethiopia. Stratified random sampling was used to select households and adolescents. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare self-reported morbidity according to food-security status and gender after adjusting for nutritional and socioeconomic covariates. RESULTS: Overall, 29.9% of girls and 19.2% of boys reported illness during the previous 1 month before the survey. Food-insecure girls were twice as likely to report suffering from an illness (P < .01) compared with boys, and the risk of reported illness tripled when girls were food insecure and were part of food-insecure households (P < .01). Girls were 7.4 and 7.0 times more likely to report difficulties with activities because of poor health and having a feeling of tiredness/low energy compared with boys, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: We report that in a food-insecure situation, gender is an important predictor of an adolescent's self-reported health status. Food-security interventions should consider gender as a key variable to narrow the gap in health between boys and girls.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2011
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    PEDIATRICS
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    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2011
      Data sources: PubMed Central
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      PEDIATRICS
      Article
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      PEDIATRICS
      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Thys, E.; Harelimana, G.; Mergeai, G.;

    Tropicultura is a multidisciplinary journal which aims mainly at releasing research results relevant to rural development in developing countries and at improving the investigation capacities of the researchers who submit manuscripts to its editorial board. The operating process of the journal and its consequences on its output during the period 2002- 2009 were analysed by considering mainly the factors influencing the duration of the editorial work and the final acceptance of the manuscripts. The factors taken in consideration were: the field of research, the geographic origin of the data analysed, the language of writing and the country of origin of the authors. The available data were analysed using descriptive statistic methods. They were also subjected to parametric and non parametric comparisons. A total of 1,034 papers have been submitted during the investigated period to Tropicultura in different fields of rural development research, with a large proportion of papers in agronomy sensu lato (60%), and livestock production (19%). Most of the papers submitted (85.1%) came from Sub-Saharan Africa, followed by North Africa (11.2%), Asia (1.6%), Latin America (0.6%) and Europe (0.3%). The rate of acceptance (27.4%) was very low compared to other journals, mainly because of a poor design of the works or inappropriate research topics. The average time for final decision was 355 days. The non parametric classification analysis retained as major determinants for the acceptance of papers for publication in decreasing order of influence: (i) time before final decision, (ii) language, (iii) continent, (iv) Belgian cooperation priority countries, (v) Belgian cooperation partner countries, and (vi) the field of research. The data obtained are discussed in the light of the literature related to the editorial process of other scientific journals, taking into account the peculiarities of Tropicultura related to its history and to the history of the rural development actions of the Belgian cooperation. This analysis highlighted a series of possible improvements at the level of the operating process of the journal which should enable it to better achieve its goals.

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2011
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Tropicultura
    Article . 2011
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2011
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2011
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      Tropicultura
      Article . 2011
      Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2011
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    Authors: Sow, A; Sidibé, I; Bengaly, Z; Bouyer, J; +2 Authors

    La mouche Tsé-tsé et la trypanosomiase animale (T&T) sont les principaux obstacles à la production animale au Burkina Faso. Ce document donne un aperçu des diverses activités dans le domaine de la mouche Tsé-tsé, de la recherche sur la trypanosomiase et de la lutte qui sont menées au succès dans la mise en place des campagnes de lutte ainsi que de leur impact positif sur la production du bétail. Au cours de plusieurs années, plusieurs efforts ont été consentis à la création d'outils pour la lutte et à leur mise en place au Burkina Faso. Une situation a été instaurée à partir des différentes campagnes menées contre la mouche Tsé-tsé au Burkina Faso, surtout dans les régions pastorales de Sidéradougou et de Yalé. La durée et les réalisations de ces campagnes font l'objet de discussion. La situation actuelle de la mouche Tsé-tsé est également discutée, en particulier l'épidémiologie de la trypanosomiase animale, les innovations dans le diagnostic, l'effet socio-économique, la trypanotolérance et la chémiorésistance contre les médicaments trypanocides sont apparus dans les années 1980 dans la province de Kénédougou. En outre, l'usage de la télédétection pour identifier les régions à haut risque dans le pays et la génétique de la population de la mouche Tsé-tsé sont décrits. Enfin, des conclusions sont faites pour améliorer les futures stratégies de lutte de la Campagne Panafricaine d'Éradication de la Trypanosomiase et de la Mouche Tsé-tsé (PATTEC) au Burkina Faso.

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    Agritrop
    Article . 2010
    Data sources: Agritrop
    Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Agritrop
      Article . 2010
      Data sources: Agritrop
      Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa
      Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ouagal, M.; Hendrikx, P.; Saegerman, C.; Berkvens, D.;

    A comparative study between passive and active surveillance based on herd visits (villages) was conducted over a period of 24 months. It included 106 surveillance stations of the animal disease epidemiological surveillance network in Chad distributed randomly into 52 stations of active surveillance and 54 stations of passive surveillance. Nine diseases of various vaccination and expected prevalence status were monitored. The active surveillance stations carried out four herd visits monthly to look for the diseases under surveillance and organised four farmers awareness-raising meetings to stimulate them to make disease notifications. The passive surveillance stations held each month four farmer awareness-raising meetings. The suspicions recorded by the stations were consigned to a suspicion form specific to each disease, indicating whether a call from the farmer, a visit to the herd or a awareness-raising meeting was the source. The results showed that, irrespective of surveillance type, all diseases under surveillance, except the rare diseases (Rinderpest and Rift Valley fever) were reported by the surveillance agents. However, suspicions recorded following farmer calls are significantly more important than suspicions carried out during herd visits or meetings. Nevertheless, a considerable number of suspicions is recorded during awareness-raising meetings. Finally approximately 83% of the herd visits realised by the active surveillance stations showed negative results (no suspicion identified). Passive surveillance stimulated by awareness-raising meetings appears to be better adapted to Chads conditions and less expensive for the surveillance of existing diseases. However, for the rare diseases, other methods of specific active surveillance (such as for example sentinel herds) remain important to complete passive surveillance.

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    Acta Tropica
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      Acta Tropica
      Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Richard, F.; Witter, S.; De Brouwere, V.;

    Lack of access to quality care is the main obstacle to reducing maternal mortality in low-income countries. In many settings, women must pay out-of-pocket fees, resulting in delays, some of them fatal, and catastrophic expenditure that push households into poverty. Various innovative approaches have targeted the poor or exempted specific services, such as cesarean deliveries. We analyzed 8 case studies to better understand current experiments in reducing financial barriers to maternal care. Although service utilization increased in most of the settings, concerns remain about quality of care, equity between rich and poor patients and between urban and rural residents, and financial sustainability to support these new strategies. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 19, 2010: e1-e8.doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.179689)

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2010
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    American Journal of Public Health
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2010
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Wesley Tack; Maxime Madder; Lander Baeten; Margot Vanhellemont; +2 Authors

    Abstract A large fraction of the forests in northern Belgium consists of homogeneous pine stands on nutrient-poor and acid sandy soils. However, in common with many other parts of Europe, the current forest management aims at increasing the share of deciduous and mixed forests. This might create favourable habitats for the tick Ixodes ricinus , which is Europe’s main vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis in humans. Considering the threat to human health, it is important to know which factors regulate tick abundance. The influence of local habitat and landscape variables on the abundance of I. ricinus ticks were studied by collecting questing larvae, nymphs, and adults at 176 locations in forests in the Campine region (northern Belgium). Both I. ricinus ticks and B. burgdorferi spirochetes occurred throughout the study area, which means that the entire region represents an area of risk for contracting Lyme borreliosis. At the forest stand level, the main tree species and the shrub cover significantly affected the abundance of all life stages of I. ricinus . The abundance was higher in oak stands compared to pine stands, and increased with increasing shrub cover. Additionally, at the landscape level, a positive effect was found for forest edge length but not for forest cover. These patterns may be explained by the habitat preferences of the tick’s main hosts. Our results indicate that forest conversion might indeed create suitable habitats for ticks, which highlights the need for intensive information campaigns and effective tick control measures.

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    Forest Ecology and Management
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      Forest Ecology and Management
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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    Authors: Kouakou, N. D. V.; Thys, E.; Danho, M.; Assidjo, E. N.; +1 Authors

    Effect of Panicum maximum on Productivity of Primiparous Females during Reproduction Cycle in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus L.). In Ivory Coast, Guinea pigs reared for meat (Cavia porcellus L.) are mainly fed with Panicum maximum. To assess the effect of the latter during pregnancy and lactation (RC) of these animals, primiparous dams were fed ad libitum, Panicum maximum alone during the RC (MOD1) or associated with pellets for rabbits during lactation (MOD2), or associated with pellets for rabbits during the last part of the pregnancy period and the lactation (MOD3), or associated with pellets for rabbits during the entire RC (MOD4). The number of corpora lutea per female was 1.3 ± 0.5 and 2.0 ± 0.0 respectively for MOD1 and MOD4. No pre-embryonic mortality was recorded. The mean weight of the young guinea pigs of MOD1 (54.7 ± 10. g) was only 55% of that of MOD4 (98.6 ± 13.6 g). At weaning, the average weight gain of young guinea pigs of MOD1 (40.5 ± 22.2 g) represented a third of those obtained with other diets that did not significantly differ. At the end of RC, the weight gain of dams was 17 ± 13.3% for MOD1 compared to 50% for MOD2, MOD3 and MOD4. Feeding Panicum maximum alone induces chronic malnutrition which in turn is responsible of the low ovulation rate and reduced growth in guinea pig breeding.

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    Tropicultura
    Article . 2012
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2012
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      Tropicultura
      Article . 2012
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2012
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    Authors: Daniela Penafiel; Carl Lachat; Ramón Espinel; Patrick Van Damme; +1 Authors

    The sustainable use of natural and agricultural biodiversity in the diet can be instrumental to preserve existing food biodiversity, address malnutrition, and mitigate adverse effects of dietary changes worldwide. This systematic review of literature summarizes the current evidence on the contribution of plant and animal biodiversity to human diets in terms of energy intake, micronutrient intake, and dietary diversification. Peer-reviewed studies were searched in ten databases using pre-defined search terms. Only original studies assessing food biodiversity and dietary intake were included, resulting in a total of 34 studies. 7, 14, and 17 studies reported information in relation to energy intake, micronutrient intake, and dietary diversification, respectively. In general, locally available foods were found to be important sources of energy, micronutrients, and dietary diversification in the diet of particularly rural and forest communities of highly biodiverse ecosystems. The current evidence shows local food biodiversity as important contributor of nutritious diets. Findings are, however, limited to populations living in highly biodiverse areas. Research on the contribution of biodiversity in diets of industrialized and urban settings needs more attention. Instruments are needed that would more appropriately measure the dietary contribution of local biodiversity.

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    EcoHealth
    Article . 2011
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      EcoHealth
      Article . 2011
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    Authors: Esther Buregyeya; Asli Kulane; Robert Colebunders; Anne Wajja; +5 Authors

    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess tuberculosis (TB) knowledge, attitudes and health-seeking behaviour to inform the design of communication and social mobilisation interventions. SETTING: Iganga/Mayuge Demographic Surveillance Site, Uganda. DESIGN: Between June and July 2008, 18 focus group discussions and 12 key informant interviews were conducted, including parents of infants and adolescents and key informant interviews with community leaders, traditional healers and patients with TB. RESULTS: People viewed TB as contagious, but not necessarily an airborne pathogen. Popular TB aetiologies included sharing utensils, heavy labour, smoking, bewitchment and hereditary transmission. TB patients were perceived to seek care late or to avoid care. Combining care from traditional healers and the biomedical system was common. Poverty, drug stock-outs, fear of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and length of TB treatment negatively affect health-seeking behaviour. Stigma and avoidance of persons with TB often reflects an assumption of HIV co-infection. CONCLUSION: The community's concerns about pill burden, quality of care, financial barriers, TB aetiology, stigma and preference for pluralistic care need to be addressed to improve early detection. Health education messages should emphasise the curability of TB, the feasibility of treatment and the engagement of traditional healers as partners in identifying cases and facilitating adherence to treatment.

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    Authors: Van Rompaey, S.; Kimfuta, J.; Kimbondo, P.; Monn, C.; +1 Authors

    Despite the availability of large funds and considerable efforts to improve access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), coverage of treatment with ART remains low in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We identified the bottlenecks for adults' access to ART in a semi-rural health zone in DRC, compared ART coverage in the urban and rural area and described the outcomes and yield of different HIV testing settings. An operational model was used to examine bottlenecks in the flow of patients. The study period covered the start of the HIV care programme in April 2006, until December 2008. An estimated 505 People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), of whom 201 were in need of ART, lived in the health zone. The proportion of PLWHA in need of ART who were actually receiving ART was estimated at 53%. About 6451 adults were tested for HIV, 266 of them were HIV-positive and 163 accessed the HIV care programme. About 106 of the 126-159 eligible patients initiated ART. The main bottleneck was situated at HIV detection. Access to the HIV care programme for the patients testing HIV-positive was identified as the second biggest bottleneck. About 41% of the PLWHA identified in urban areas accessed the HIV care programme, versus 11% of the rural PLWHA, showing a serious inequity. The tuberculosis (TB) programme detected 75% of the total estimated 92 co-infected patients of the health zone. Only 13% of women testing positive in the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission programme accessed the HIV care programme, showing that this bottleneck is greatly accentuated in this specific group. By testing all pregnant women and all TB patients in the health zone, 28% of all PLWHA could potentially be detected in a period of 33 months, showing its great potential in settings with a relatively low HIV prevalence.

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    AIDS Care
    Article
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    AIDS Care
    Article . 2011
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      AIDS Care
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      AIDS Care
      Article . 2011
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    Authors: Tefera Belachew; Craig Hadley; David P. Lindstrom; Abebe Gebremariam; +4 Authors

    OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown the adverse health consequences of food insecurity on household members. To what extent this relationship is mediated by gender among adolescents has not been documented. We hypothesized that the health consequences of food insecurity would be more pronounced in girls compared with boys. METHODS: We used the first-round data from a 5-year longitudinal family survey of 2084 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from urban, semiurban, and rural areas of southwest Ethiopia. Stratified random sampling was used to select households and adolescents. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare self-reported morbidity according to food-security status and gender after adjusting for nutritional and socioeconomic covariates. RESULTS: Overall, 29.9% of girls and 19.2% of boys reported illness during the previous 1 month before the survey. Food-insecure girls were twice as likely to report suffering from an illness (P < .01) compared with boys, and the risk of reported illness tripled when girls were food insecure and were part of food-insecure households (P < .01). Girls were 7.4 and 7.0 times more likely to report difficulties with activities because of poor health and having a feeling of tiredness/low energy compared with boys, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: We report that in a food-insecure situation, gender is an important predictor of an adolescent's self-reported health status. Food-security interventions should consider gender as a key variable to narrow the gap in health between boys and girls.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2011
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    PEDIATRICS
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    PEDIATRICS
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Thys, E.; Harelimana, G.; Mergeai, G.;

    Tropicultura is a multidisciplinary journal which aims mainly at releasing research results relevant to rural development in developing countries and at improving the investigation capacities of the researchers who submit manuscripts to its editorial board. The operating process of the journal and its consequences on its output during the period 2002- 2009 were analysed by considering mainly the factors influencing the duration of the editorial work and the final acceptance of the manuscripts. The factors taken in consideration were: the field of research, the geographic origin of the data analysed, the language of writing and the country of origin of the authors. The available data were analysed using descriptive statistic methods. They were also subjected to parametric and non parametric comparisons. A total of 1,034 papers have been submitted during the investigated period to Tropicultura in different fields of rural development research, with a large proportion of papers in agronomy sensu lato (60%), and livestock production (19%). Most of the papers submitted (85.1%) came from Sub-Saharan Africa, followed by North Africa (11.2%), Asia (1.6%), Latin America (0.6%) and Europe (0.3%). The rate of acceptance (27.4%) was very low compared to other journals, mainly because of a poor design of the works or inappropriate research topics. The average time for final decision was 355 days. The non parametric classification analysis retained as major determinants for the acceptance of papers for publication in decreasing order of influence: (i) time before final decision, (ii) language, (iii) continent, (iv) Belgian cooperation priority countries, (v) Belgian cooperation partner countries, and (vi) the field of research. The data obtained are discussed in the light of the literature related to the editorial process of other scientific journals, taking into account the peculiarities of Tropicultura related to its history and to the history of the rural development actions of the Belgian cooperation. This analysis highlighted a series of possible improvements at the level of the operating process of the journal which should enable it to better achieve its goals.

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    DOAJ
    Article . 2011
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    Tropicultura
    Article . 2011
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2011
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      Tropicultura
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    Authors: Sow, A; Sidibé, I; Bengaly, Z; Bouyer, J; +2 Authors

    La mouche Tsé-tsé et la trypanosomiase animale (T&T) sont les principaux obstacles à la production animale au Burkina Faso. Ce document donne un aperçu des diverses activités dans le domaine de la mouche Tsé-tsé, de la recherche sur la trypanosomiase et de la lutte qui sont menées au succès dans la mise en place des campagnes de lutte ainsi que de leur impact positif sur la production du bétail. Au cours de plusieurs années, plusieurs efforts ont été consentis à la création d'outils pour la lutte et à leur mise en place au Burkina Faso. Une situation a été instaurée à partir des différentes campagnes menées contre la mouche Tsé-tsé au Burkina Faso, surtout dans les régions pastorales de Sidéradougou et de Yalé. La durée et les réalisations de ces campagnes font l'objet de discussion. La situation actuelle de la mouche Tsé-tsé est également discutée, en particulier l'épidémiologie de la trypanosomiase animale, les innovations dans le diagnostic, l'effet socio-économique, la trypanotolérance et la chémiorésistance contre les médicaments trypanocides sont apparus dans les années 1980 dans la province de Kénédougou. En outre, l'usage de la télédétection pour identifier les régions à haut risque dans le pays et la génétique de la population de la mouche Tsé-tsé sont décrits. Enfin, des conclusions sont faites pour améliorer les futures stratégies de lutte de la Campagne Panafricaine d'Éradication de la Trypanosomiase et de la Mouche Tsé-tsé (PATTEC) au Burkina Faso.

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    Agritrop
    Article . 2010
    Data sources: Agritrop
    Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Agritrop
      Article . 2010
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      Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa
      Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ouagal, M.; Hendrikx, P.; Saegerman, C.; Berkvens, D.;

    A comparative study between passive and active surveillance based on herd visits (villages) was conducted over a period of 24 months. It included 106 surveillance stations of the animal disease epidemiological surveillance network in Chad distributed randomly into 52 stations of active surveillance and 54 stations of passive surveillance. Nine diseases of various vaccination and expected prevalence status were monitored. The active surveillance stations carried out four herd visits monthly to look for the diseases under surveillance and organised four farmers awareness-raising meetings to stimulate them to make disease notifications. The passive surveillance stations held each month four farmer awareness-raising meetings. The suspicions recorded by the stations were consigned to a suspicion form specific to each disease, indicating whether a call from the farmer, a visit to the herd or a awareness-raising meeting was the source. The results showed that, irrespective of surveillance type, all diseases under surveillance, except the rare diseases (Rinderpest and Rift Valley fever) were reported by the surveillance agents. However, suspicions recorded following farmer calls are significantly more important than suspicions carried out during herd visits or meetings. Nevertheless, a considerable number of suspicions is recorded during awareness-raising meetings. Finally approximately 83% of the herd visits realised by the active surveillance stations showed negative results (no suspicion identified). Passive surveillance stimulated by awareness-raising meetings appears to be better adapted to Chads conditions and less expensive for the surveillance of existing diseases. However, for the rare diseases, other methods of specific active surveillance (such as for example sentinel herds) remain important to complete passive surveillance.

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    Acta Tropica
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Tropica
      Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Richard, F.; Witter, S.; De Brouwere, V.;

    Lack of access to quality care is the main obstacle to reducing maternal mortality in low-income countries. In many settings, women must pay out-of-pocket fees, resulting in delays, some of them fatal, and catastrophic expenditure that push households into poverty. Various innovative approaches have targeted the poor or exempted specific services, such as cesarean deliveries. We analyzed 8 case studies to better understand current experiments in reducing financial barriers to maternal care. Although service utilization increased in most of the settings, concerns remain about quality of care, equity between rich and poor patients and between urban and rural residents, and financial sustainability to support these new strategies. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 19, 2010: e1-e8.doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.179689)

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2010
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    American Journal of Public Health
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      American Journal of Public Health
      Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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