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In times of fast-paced, fluctuating and individual markets, intralogistics systems, such as warehouses, have to adapt to the resulting volatile performance demands dynamically. Hybrid systems, in which humans and machines work together efficiently and communicate in socio-technical networks, can be the answer to manage these high-frequency markets. Hybrid systems of the future need to adapt frequently and permanent change becomes the ""new normal"". A one-time planning of warehousing systems upon first installation becomes obsolete. This results in the question of how to design and implement processes for future logistics systems in an agile way in order to exploit the flexibility potential of hybrid services, which represent an interface between man, machine and organization. As part of the Innovation Lab Hybrid Services in Logistics in Dortmund, Germany, a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, this research proposes a new concept for digital design of intralogistics systems that is meeting the requirements of a continuous, short-cycle adjustment following the Industry 4.0 development path.

Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Γεωπληροφορική”

Předložená diplomová práce je zaměřena na digitalizaci a její využití ve stavební společnosti v DIVIZI 1. První část charakterizuje klíčové pojmy a definice nutné k porozumění dané oblasti, na základě odborné literatury. Druhá část popisuje Enterprise Architekturu. Třetí část charakterizuje vybranou stavební společnost. V rámci praktické části práce jsou identifikovány problémy, se kterými se vybraná společnost potýká. Dále je vybrán konkrétní problém, který autorka v práci řeší, a jehož současný stav znázorňuje model EA. Dále je navržena příležitost pro digitalizaci, pomocí které by společnost zefektivnila a optimalizovala fungování řešených oblastí a vyřešila tak hlavní problém, A na závěr, na základě zjištěných informací jsou navržena doporučení k realizaci. Obhájeno The Diploma thesis focuses on digitalization and its use in a construction company in DIVISION 1. The first part characterizes the key concepts and definitions necessary to understand the field, based on the professional literature. The second part describes the Enterprise Architecture. The third part characterizes a selected construction company. The practical part of the thesis identifies the problems faced by the selected company. Furthermore, a specific problem is selected that the author solves in the thesis and whose current state is illustrated by the EA model. Next, an opportunity for digitalization is proposed, through which the company would streamline and optimize the functioning of the addressed areas, thus solving the main problem, And finally, based on the identified information, recommendations for implementation are proposed.

Předkládaná bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou bezpečností v systémech IoT. Má za úkol informovat o riziku, které sebou nese používání takovýchto systémů. První kapitola této práce se věnuje seznámení s pojmem internet věcí. Jsou zde základní informace o architektuře, principu, dnešním využití internetu věcí a také popisuje některé používané komunikační sítě. V druhé časti je vysvětlena bezpečnost internetu věcí. IoT systém je rozdělen podle obecné architektury a v každé vrstvě jsou popsány informace týkající se bezpečnosti. Dále jsou vysvětleny útoky na fyzická zařízení a také opatření, které mají těmto útokům předcházet. Ve třetí kapitole jsou uvedeny útoky na IoT zařízení, které se ve světě staly. V poslední části je celkové zhodnocení této problematiky. Obhájeno This bachelor thesis deals with security issues in IoT systems. Its task is to inform about the risk of using these systems. The first chapter of this work deals with the concept of the Internet of Things. There are basic information about architecture, principle, today's use of Internet of Things and also describes some used communication networks. The second part explains the security of the Internet of Things. The IoT system is structured according to general architecture and security information is described in each layer. Furthermore, attacks on physical devices are explained as well as measures to prevent these attacks. In the third chapter, there are attacks on IoT devices that have happened in the world. The last part is an overall evaluation of this issue.

One of the main goals of the government is to provide public goods to the citizens of the country. In the provision of public goods, the government of each country incurs various expenditures, which are covered by the revenue collected from taxes. One of the tasks of an optimal tax system is to provide various benefits from the government to taxpayers – only then will they be willing to pay taxes. The design of an optimal tax system depends on many external factors, as well as on the behaviour of taxpayers, which is determined by the satisfaction of their interests. One group of taxpayers is family farms. This group stands out for its intertwined personal (family) interests and business interests. The research presented in the dissertation emphasizes the need to ensure the level of government income by minimizing the tax burden of family farms and evaluating scientific methods aimed at designing an optimal tax system, combining the interests of family farms and the government. A multi-objective programming approach was used to design a model of an optimal tax system that combines the interests of family farms and the government. Data from family farms engaged in agricultural activities and keeping accounting records and providing information on the production and financial activities were used in the empirical research. Depersonalized 2014–2017 data of financial statement from Lithuanian family farms collected with the help of the Lithuanian Agricultural Advisory Service, was used. The optimal Lithuanian tax system was evaluated by applying a genetic algorithm to the created model of an optimal tax system combining the interests of family farms and the government using a multi-objective programming method. The reliability of the optimal tax system combining the interests of family farms and the government was checked, the economic, environmental and social assessment of the model was performed, and the recommendations of the Lithuanian tax system was presented. Vienas iš pagrindinių valdžios tikslų – teikti viešąsias gėrybes savo šalies piliečiams. Teikiant viešąsias gėrybes kiekvienos šalies valdžios sektorius patiria įvairių išlaidų, kurių padengimą sąlygoja surenkamų mokesčių pajamos. Vienas iš optimalios mokesčių sistemos uždavinių – užtikrinti mokesčių mokėtojams įvairias naudas iš valdžios, – tik tuomet jie bus linkę mokėti mokesčius. Optimalios mokesčių sistemos kūrimas priklauso nuo daugelio išorinių veiksnių, taip pat ir nuo mokesčių mokėtojų elgsenos, kurią sąlygoja interesų tenkinimas. Viena iš mokesčių mokėtojų grupių yra šeimos ūkiai. Ši grupė išsiskiria dėl persipynusių asmeninių (šeimos) interesų ir verslo interesų. Disertacijoje pristatomuose tyrimuose pabrėžiama būtinybė užtikrinti valdžios pajamų lygį, minimizuojant mokesčių naštą šeimos ūkiams ir įvertinant mokslinius metodus, kuriais siekiama formuoti optimalią mokesčių sistemą, derinant šeimos ūkių ir valdžios interesus. Formuojant optimalios mokesčių sistemos modelį, derinantį šeimos ūkių ir valdžios interesus, taikytas daugiakriterio programavimo metodas. Empiriniame tyrime naudoti šeimos ūkių, užsiimančių žemės ūkio veikla ir tvarkiusių buhalterinę apskaitą bei teikusių informaciją apie gamybinę ir finansinę šeimos ūkio veiklą, duomenys. Naudoti nuasmeninti 2014–2017 m. Lietuvos šeimos ūkių finansinių ataskaitų duomenys, surinkti padedant Lietuvos žemės ūkio konsultavimo tarnybai. Įvertinta optimali Lietuvos mokesčių sistema, taikant genetinį algoritmą sukurtam daugiakriterio programavimo optimalios mokesčių sistemos modeliui, derinančiam šeimos ūkių ir valdžios interesus. Patikrintas optimalios mokesčių sistemos, derinančios šeimos ūkių ir valdžios interesus, patikimumas, atliktas ekonominis, aplinkosaugos ir socialinis modelio vertinimas, pateiktos Lietuvos mokesčių sistemos rekomendacijos.

A planet once flourishing with ecological biodiversity is now experiencing catastrophic changes as it undergoes a severe exploitation of its natural resources. Such a level of exploitation is predominantly caused by various but linked human-centric or anthropocentric forces. Everything we do as humans has an effect on the planet, and many human activities have grave and at times, unforeseeable effects. At present, we overexploit the Earth’s resources constantly – with the flick of a switch we utilize fossil fuels that power electricity; with a trip in the car we emit greenhouse gases; with a purchase at the grocery store we use excessive packaging – and the extent to which the Earth’s resources are being used to meet the demand of a large and growing human population has created severe exploitation. This feeding frenzy has led to the current prognosis: an astronomical number of environmental disasters and projected global temperatures that cannot sustain plant, animal, or human life in the future. The widespread consequences of human activities such as major wildlife extinction, rising sea levels, air pollution, and irreversible global warming look to perpetuate until the Earth is uninhabitable. As one population among many at extreme risk of major die-off, it is crucial that we explore what remedial options we have left. These ecologically catastrophic changes are only characteristic of our relatively recent history as humanity’s recent answers to fundamental survival questions have trended towards overlooking environmental sustainability. I have come to understand agriculture, from its ancient form to the current industrial and mass-scale variety, as one game-changing initiation if not the origin of massive human exploitation of the Earth’s resources. Thus, both industrial and ancient agriculture will be the focus of my research. Through the exploration of recent historical and scientific research surrounding agriculture, I will provide insight into how we made our way to the current crisis, what prevents us from changing our unsustainable behaviour, and how we can look within ourselves and at the external complex system in which we live, to change the current prognosis and come home to a sustainable way of life on this planet.

Motivation towards comprehensive environmental and carbon accounting is a necessity for a corporation to achieve economic resilience. Understanding the functionality of the carbon footprint metric (CO2eq) is therefore essential. This study enlightens the influence of data on carbon footprint quantification processes where the produced agricultural commodity is aimed for industrial processing as a valuable part of global food supply chain. The purpose of the study is to bring forth the escalading negative effect a poorly managed carbon footprint quantification process can have when implemented to further processes or long-term strategies. Three of the main grains cultivated in Finland; Oat, barley and wheat, were chosen for the modelling in order to strengthen the integrity of the results. The purpose was to amend the already available and commonly used scientific data with the most recent information and knowledge in order to see the behavior of resulting carbon footprint estimation. All three grains showed a clear and progressing decrease in CO2eq when more accurate data was included in the modelling, with the difference being a significant –28.5 % at its best. The veracity of a CO2eq quantification process is highly dependent on the quality of the included data. By focusing on the process details the end-result can be substantially changed, and when the same recurs in several raw materials from primary production the influence can be seen through the end-product in customer choices, product development and strategic planning. A low quality of the quantification process can thus create long term damages, both economic and ecological, through possible misguided decision making.

Předložená diplomová práce se zabývá hodnocením ekonomické efektivnosti konkrétního investičního záměru společnosti AGROFARMY BEZDRUŽICE, s. r. o., z něhož plynou dvě vzájemně se vylučující investiční varianty. Práce je rozdělena na teoretickou část, která pojednává o investicích, investičním rozhodování podniku, determinuje peněžní toky investice a charakterizuje metody hodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti investic. Praktická část diplomové práce představuje podnikatelský subjekt AGROFARMY BEZDRUŽICE, s. r. o. a obě zamýšlené investiční varianty, které jsou dále hodnoceny a komparovány na základě aplikace poznatků teoretické části práce. Po zhodnocení efektivnosti investičních projektů je společnosti navržena výhodnější investiční varianta. V souvislosti s možnými riziky, jsou identifikována významná rizika investice. Nejvýznamnější rizika jsou podrobena analýze za účelem zjištění jejich vlivu na investiční projekty. Závěrem jsou shrnuty poznatky a doporučení pro podnik, které vyplývají z praktické části diplomové práce. Obhájeno Submitted master's thesis deals with the evaluation of economic efficiency of a particular investment in the agricultural company AGROFARMY BEZDRUŽICE, s. r. o., that results in two mutually exclusive investment options. The thesis is divided into theoretical part, which discusses investments, investment decisions, determines investment cash flows and characterizes method of evaluating the economic efficiency of investments. The practical part of the master's thesis introduces the business unit AGROFARMY BEZDRUŽICE, s. r. o. and both considered investment options, which will be evaluated and compared based on the knowledge gained from theoretical part. After evaluating the effectiveness of both investment projects, the company is proposed with the best investment option. Due to the possible risk, an assessment of their significance is performed, and the most significant risks are analysed to determine their effect on investment. In the end, the findings, and recommendations, which result from the practical part of the thesis, are summarized and given to the company.