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Short rotation poplar plantations grow on flat and even terrain, and the interrow spacing is wide enough for easy machine access. If the terrain is firm enough, one may consider moving the classic roadside chipping operation directly into the field (i.e., terrain chipping), thus saving on wood extraction cost. This study compared the efficiency and cost of roadside and terrain chipping conducted with exactly the same equipment, to assess the benefits offered by the versatile deployment of a standard chipping operation, whereby the operation can be moved inside the stand whenever terrain conditions are suitable. The study was conducted at 12 sample plots, containing about one truck load of chips each (i.e., approximately 11 bone-dry tons or BDT). Plots were arranged as alternate windrows on a 8.5 ha field. Data was collected for the whole supply chain, from field to factory. The factory was located 14 km from the field. Delivered cost was 53 € BDT-1 and 70 € BDT-1 for roadside and terrain chipping, respectively, i.e., terrain chipping was 1/3 more expensive than roadside chipping, even if the latter included the additional cost of forwarding the residues to the roadside. The chipper-truck used for the test could not cope with small scattered residue piles (32 BDT ha-1), and the cumbersome reposition maneuver became the main hurdle to efficient operation. Further improvements might be achieved by pre-bunching the residues, introducing a dedicated terrain chipper or bundling the residues and taking the bundles to the factory for centralized chipping.

Bulletin économique et social de la Tunisie Best-1947-011-256 Périodiques N° 11

Tourism sector is one of the most important tools for economic development in rural areas. Tourism sector can help create jobs in rural areas, preserve and restore traditional activities, and generate income that can be used to develop socio-economic activities in the area. The aim of this article is to reveal the importance of the tourism sector in promoting the development of the area according to the case of the Kaunas district. Applied research methods – analysis of scientific literature and documents, analysis of statistical data. The article examines the theoretical approach to the importance of the tourism sector in promoting the area development, analyzes statistical data related to tourism and the development of rural areas, discusses tourism infrastructure and the situation in Kaunas district. Turizmo sektorius yra viena svarbiausių ekonominio vystymosi priemonių kaimo vietovėse. Turizmo sektorius gali padėti sukurti darbo vietas kaimo vietovėse, išsaugoti ir atkurti tradicinę veiklą, generuoti pajamas, kurios gali būti skirtos tos vietovės socialinei ir ekonominei veiklai vystyti. Taigi turizmas yra susijęs su vietovių vystymusi. Šio straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti turizmo sektoriaus svarbą skatinant vietovės vystymąsi Kauno rajono atveju. Taikyti tyrimo metodai – mokslinės literatūros analizė, dokumentų analizė, statistinių duomenų analizė. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami teoriniai požiūriai apie turizmo sektoriaus svarbą skatinat vietovių vystymąsi, analizuojami statistiniai duomenys susiję su turizmu ir kaimo vietovių vystymusi, aptariama turizmo infrastruktūra ir situacija Kauno rajone.

Lesson 1: (p.1-11) The History of Canadian Hockey and its Reflection of Canadian Nationalism and Identity. (Students will develop an understanding of the relationship between monumental historical hockey events and the greater Nationalistic representation reflected at the time: politics, culture, war, public image, etc. In addition, students will review the consequences for excessive nationalism through hockey and how it reflects a challenge of identity for those who don't connect with hockey. ) Lesson 2: (p.12- 39) The Canadian History of Immigration Policies (Students will develop an understanding of the hardships immigrants have faced in Canadian policy, and still face today. The lesson will guide students in creating connections between past political policies and how they have evolved over time.) Lesson 3: (p.40-47) Canada and the Over-Exploitation of Resources (Students will reflect on the current environmental crisis of the Albertan tar-sands. In addition, students should compare this contemporary issue with the history of excessive resource exploitations of the timber industries and will develop skills in understanding a limited resource industry.) Lesson 4: (p.48- 63The Alberta Pipeline: A Link to Exploring First Nations Treaties and Land Rights- Past and Present. (Students will learn about the proposed Albertan Pipeline and its link to First Nations Peoples. This will provide a point of departure for discussing historic treaties, the Indian Act, and other current comprehensive and specific land claim issues arising in Canada. Students will consider the ethical dimension of appropriation of First Nations land and will explore the consequences of that past in relation to the proposed Albertan pipeline of today.) Lesson 5: (p. 64-91) Exploring the Changing Gender and Parental Roles as Represented in the Media since World War I (Students will gain an understanding of modern day gender/parental roles by exploring the continuity and change as represented in media sources since WWI.) Lesson 6: (p. 92-105) Understanding Canada’s Military Involvement against ISIS through Exploring Canada’s Past Military Roles. (Students will explore Canada’s combat and peacekeeping heritage since WW1 and will examine the current state of the Canadian military and how it has responded to budget cuts over the years. This historical perspective will give students a better understanding of the role Canada is currently able to play in international conflicts and students will engage in a debate over the future direction of Canada’s military.

The pandemic affected the access to justice situation in terms of the never rapid shift to digitalisation of legal services, and in this article, we evaluate whether artificial intelligence (AI) and its state-of-the-art technologies like machine learning and human language technologies have the potential to improve access to legal services. For this purpose, we not only examine and identify problematic areas, but also share the empirical data and insights of the practical application of AI technologies, especially human language technologies. In the first part of the article, we explore how the internet has created the foundations for a new paradigm of society including institution law. The second part of the article is devoted for analysis of challenges for access to justice in post pandemic world. In the third part, we elaborate on questions about technical feasibility, legal and moral acceptability of the digitalisation of legal services. Then follows the case analysis of the practical application of human language technologies in legal domain. Keywords: digitalisation, access to justice, human rights, legal services, artificial intelligence, human language technologies, legal language.

This dissertation focused on the digitalization of luxury brands and the transposition and perception of the physical luxury experience to the digital environment in their consumers. With the emergence of digital resulting from the public health crisis, this has become a relevant topic for consumers who claim that there is no digital luxury experience. To this end, a focus group was conducted with consumers of luxury brands to share their experiences and knowledge. It was concluded that the key to change is in the adaptation and personalization of services. To strive for excellence and distinction, affirming luxury as luxury, something unique, exclusive and personalized, an unforgettable experience. Digital and social networks are means that, when properly explored, prove to be advantageous for luxury brands. Creativity and innovation combined with the values that differentiate luxury, allow luxury brands to grow. A presente dissertação focou-se na digitalização das marcas de luxo e na transposição e perceção da experiência de luxo físico para o meio digital nos seus consumidores. Com a emergência do digital resultante da crise de saúde pública, este tornou-se um tema relevante para os consumidores que afirmam não existir uma experiência de luxo digital. Para tal, realizou-se um focus group com consumidores de marcas de luxo, a fim de partilharem as suas experiências e conhecimentos. Concluiu-se que a chave da mudança está na adaptação e personalização dos serviços. Primar pela excelência e distinção, afirmando o luxo como luxo, algo único, exclusivo e personalizado, uma experiência inesquecível. O digital e as redes sociais, são meios que quando devidamente explorados, se revelam vantajosos para as marcas de luxo. A criatividade e inovação aliada aos valores que diferenciam o luxo, permitem engrandecer as marcas de luxo.

Дигиталната трансформация на продължаващото обучение, какво тряб­ва да знаем и можем, за да я направим; кои са основните педагогически и социално- психологически аспекти – това са част от основните въпроси, отговорите на които са намерили място в статията. В обсега й са включени предпоставките за успеш­ната дигитализация на образованието в ИСК при УНСС, а именно – въвеждането на дистанционната форма на обучение и участието на експерти в множество меж­дународни проекти и мобилности в тази област. Акцентирано е и върху потенциала на преподавателите и администраторите за създаване и поддържане на съвременно ефективно обучение в ИСК. Digital Transformation of the Processes in Lifelong Learning in the Institute for Postgraduate Studies at the UNWE The main questions in the article concern the digital transformation in lifelong learning, what we have to know and be able to do in order to carry it out, as well as the main pedagogical and socio-psychologic aspects. The premises of successful digitalization of the studying process in the Institute for Postgraduate Studies (IPS) at the UNWE are also included in the paper. The most important once include the use of the distance learning method and participation in many international projects and mobilities in the same area. The emphasis is put on the creative thinking and acting of lecturers and administrators in contemporary and effective studying in the IPS.

O desenvolvimento tecnológico, sentido ao longo dos tempos, tem permitido e até incentivado a que cada vez mais atividades sejam desempenhadas de forma mecânica. Esta tendência tem-se intensificado nos últimos tempos devido às novas exigências impostas pela globalização que não permite momentos de pausa e em que tudo está comunicável vinte e quatro horas por dia. Para responder ao paradigma atual – onde a competitividade de cada empresa e de cada produto constitui um requisito incontestável para a sua sobrevivência – a indústria tem vindo a optar por automatizar – com níveis de exigência cada vez maiores – cada vez mais processos (ou atividades) que, até então, eram realizados por mão-de-obra humana. É comummente aceite que à automatização de processos seja associado um vasto número de benefícios à produção, tais como a redução de custos, a rapidez de produção, produção programada e contínua, e a própria padronização do produto. Entre as várias atividades que têm sido desenvolvidas de forma automatizada encontram-se as operações de manipulação. Estas são descritas como a movimentação de objetos de um lugar para o outro, sendo a paletização disso exemplo. Acompanhado as exigências atuais, é esperado que os equipamentos que executam o processo de paletização – de objetos com cada vez mais diferentes dimensões e diferentes materiais – sejam mais flexíveis, mais rápidos e mais precisos. Neste cenário, a robótica assume-se como uma solução cada vez mais procurada, por ser frequentemente associada a conceitos como flexibilidade e precisão. Por sua vez, o seu software de programação deve garantir rapidez e eficiência e admitir várias opções. Tendo em conta estas variáveis, neste trabalho, procurou-se contextualizar e desenvolver uma aplicação para robôs, no caso, do fabricante ABB. Esta aplicação, em conjunto com o software de programação offline da marca, permite a programação automática das funções e paletização de um robô. Desenvolvida na linguagem nativa do robô (RAPID), a aplicação detém uma interface de utilizador básica escrita em XML. E por ser em código aberto, permitirá a interação com outro software de modo a admitir outras funções. Para a prossecução dos objetivos foram elaboradas diversas simulações do controlador IRC5 dispondo este do programa desenvolvido para o efeito. As simulações, efetuadas em ambiente RobotStudio, tiveram como protagonista principal um manipulador e correspondente ferramenta, típicos de processos de paletização. A etapa final consistiu em ensaios, utilizando o programa desenvolvido, num robô físico da ABB (modelo IRB140), disponibilizado em laboratório. Felt throughout time, technological development has allowed and even encouraged increasingly more activities to be performed mechanically. This tendency has lately been amplified due to new requirements imposed by globalisation that does not allow moments of pause and in which everything is available twenty-four hours a day. To reply to the current aradigm – where each company’s and product’s competitiveness constitute an indisputable prerequisite to its survival – the industry has chosen to automate – with ever greater demands increasing processes (or activities), which hitherto were carried out by human labour. It is commonly accepted process automation to be associated with a vast number of production advantages, such as cost reduction, fast production, schedule and continuous production, and product standardisation itself. Amongst the several activities that have been developed in an automated manner are handling operations. These are described as the movement of objects from one place to another, of which palletisation is an example. Keeping up with current demands, it is expected that the equipment that executes palletising processes – of objects with increasingly different dimensions and materials – to be more flexible, faster and more precise. In this scenario, robotics assumes itself as an increasingly sought-after solution, since it is often associated with concepts such as flexibility and precision. In turn, its programming software should ensure speed and efficiency, and allow several options. Considering these variables, in this work it was sought to contextualise and develop na application for robots, in this case, having ABB as manufacturer. This application, together ith the brand’s off-line programming software, allows for automatic programming of a robot’s palletising functions. Developed in the robot’s native language (RAPID), the application has a basic user interface written in XML. And being open-source, it will allow for the interaction with another software to enable other functions. In the pursuit of the objectives, several IRC5 controller simulations were made which had the developed program for this purpose. The simulations, carried out in a RobotStudio environment, had as main protagonist a manipulator and corresponding tool, both typical of alletising processes. The final step consisted of tests using the developed program, in a physical ABB robot (model IRB140), made available in the laboratory.

Industry 4.0 refers to the digital transformation in the manufacturing domain through new technology. Currently, it expands well beyond manufacturing, affecting many areas of life and posing implications for all types of business. This paper focuses on the relationships between Industry 4.0 and Healthcare which transitions to increased interconnectivity, automation and smart decision making. The integration context of Industry 4.0 into Healthcare is only partly understood. Little was done until now to consolidate what is known on the integration benefits and the challenges. This article reports results of a systematic mapping study that analysed 69 papers to extract knowledge about the concepts of Industry 4.0 and the emerging Healthcare 4.0., and the relationships between them. We found 10 different perspectives of Healthcare 4.0, ranging from strategic to tactical and operational levels. Next, our results show: (i) nine applications of Industry 4.0 in the Healthcare domain: Augmented Reality and Simulation, Autonomous Robotics, Cybersecurity, Big Data Analytics, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Additive Manufacturing and Systems Integration; and (ii) 10 benefits and nine challenges in Healthcare 4.0. The most frequently mentioned benefits are patients' diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, and financial benefits. The most researched challenges are data fragmentation, heterogeneity, complexity, and privacy.

Bulletin économique et social de la Tunisie Best-1955-100-2165 Périodiques N° 100