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80 p. – Bibliogr.: p. 80 [ES] El proyecto presentado muestra una memoria técnica sobre el proyecto del BEi sobre el cual se ha basado para desarrollar diferentes mejoras en el sistema, mejorando las frecuencias del servicio BEi, la calidad de servicio, la seguridad y la resiliencia del sistema. [EUS] Bus Elektriko Adimentsua (hemendik aurrera, BEi) elektronika berritzaile garatua eta digitalizazio-ekarpen handiak izan dituen azpiegitura eta zerbitzuen proiektua da. Bus linea baten ustiaketan oinarritzen da, non abantaila ugari ditu aurreko zerbitzuarekiko, alegia, irisgarritasuna eta jasangarritasuna bere xede nagusia delarik. Informazio-sistemen garapen handiak izan ditu ere, bai billeteen salmentan, BAT-BARIK-MUGI txartelen erabilgarritasunean baita Ustiapenerako Laguntza-Zerbitzuan ere (ULZ) eta honek dakartzan aplikazioak bus linearen barruan: geltokien informazioa, autobusen iritsiera-denborak, gidarien eta inspektoreen arteko komunikabideak etab. BEi sistemak abantaila eta onura asko ekarri ditu, hala ikusiko da lan honetan: erabilera, ibilbide-denborak, maiztasunak, arreta-zerbitzua eta abar. Gradu amaierako lan honetan BEi sisteman ezarri ditudan hobekuntzak adieraziko dira. Egindako hobekuntza hauek azaltzeko, ezinbestekoa da BEi proiektuaren aurrekari guztiak lehenik ezagutzea. Azalduko da aurretik BEi proiektuaren memoria tekniko orokorra, informatikari eta hobekuntzei lotuta dagoen puntu guztiekin, baita Gasteizko partaidetza soziala eta Eusko Jaurlaritzaren oinarrizko prozesua, bai sozialki baita ekonomikoki. BEi proiektuaren atal guztiak azaltzen dira, non elektronikak eta informatikak garrantzia izan duen: autobusa, markesinak, azpiegiturak, seinaleztapena, karga elektrikoa eta azkenik, komunikabideak. Aurrekariak azaltzeko, BEi proiektuaren pleguak aztertu dira. Txosten honetan, BEi proiektuaren barruan egin diren ekarpenak azalduko dira, ustiaketa eta zerbitzuak hobetzeko egin diren neurriei begira, non aztertuko da nolako hobekuntzak ezarri diren bai iraupen-denboretan baita kalitatezko zerbitzuan, nolako sorrera izan duen proiektuak sozialki eta informatikoki ondorioztatzeko, helburuak gaindituz baita hobetuz ere.. [EN] The Smart Electric Bus (hereinafter BEi) is an infrastructure and services project that has been developed with innovative electronics and significant digitalisation contributions. It is based on the operation of a bus line, with numerous advantages over the old service, i.e. with accessibility and sustainability as the main objective, it has also had major developments in information systems, both in ticket sales, the availability of BAT-BARIK-MUGI cards, as well as in the Operational Assistance Service (SAE) and its application within the bus line: station information, bus arrival times, communications between drivers and inspectors, many benefits on this route, etc. In order to explain the improvements introduced in this work, it is essential to know all the background information. Previously, the general technical report of the BEi project will be presented, with all the points related to IT and improvements, as well as the social participation in Vitoria-Gasteiz and the basic process of the Basque Government, both socially and economically. All the sections of the BEi project are explained, in which both electronics and IT have played an important role: the bus, bus shelters, infrastructures, signalling, electrical charging and, finally, communications. For this purpose, tender reports have been analysed and specific summaries have been provided. This report will present the contributions that have been made within the framework of this project in terms of measures to improve operation and services, analysing the improvements implemented both in terms of duration times and quality of service, the generation that the project has had to deduce socially and in IT terms, exceeding objectives and even improving them.

V diplomskem delu je predstavljena primerjava med obstoječim in prenovljenim procesom kamionskega naročanja v izbranem špediterskem podjetju. Prenova je bila potrebna, ker je obstoječi proces dela preveč analogen, časovno potraten in potrebuje nenehne vnose zaposlenega. Pri primerjanju omenjenih dveh delovnih procesov smo uporabili iGrafix programsko opremo, ki nam omogoča izvedbo diskretne simulacije. Pridobljeni podatki iz simulacije, kot je npr. čas trajanja procesa, so nam omogočili imperično primerjavo obstoječega in prenovljenega procesa (tj. ToBe proces). V primerjavi obstoječega in ToBe procesa je bilo ugotovljeno, da je ToBe proces veliko bolj učinkovit kot obstoječi, saj se čas trajanja procesa občutno skrajša, k čemur je pripomogla uvedba informacijske tehnologije, ki je bila implementirana v proces dela. Obenem se pri ToBe procesu soočamo z boljšo preglednostjo nad podatki. Tekom raziskave smo zaznali tudi povečanje s strani finančnih prihodov pri izbranem podjetju, predvsem zaradi hitrejšega sprejemanja odločitev in preglednosti podatkov. Na razvoj ToBe procesa je imelo velik vpliv tudi obdobje pandemije Covid-19, saj se je špediterski sektor soočal s povečanjem potreb po transportu blaga. Pri tem je bil ključen trenutek reakcija podjetja na razmere na trgu. ToBe proces je omogočil veliko prednost izbranemu podjetju pred ostalimi konkurenti. This research paper presents a comparison between the existing and refurbished truck ordering process in a selected freight forwarding company. This reengineering was essential due to the fact that the existing work process was too analogue, time consuming and required constant employee inputs. Whilst comparing these two work processes, we used iGrafix software, which allows us to make discreet simulations. The data obtained from the simulation, such as the time duration of the process, allowed us to make an imperial comparison between the existing and refurbished process (i.e. the ToBe process). Whilst comparing the existing and ToBe process, we discovered that the ToBe process is much more efficient than the existing process since the time duration of the process is significantly reduced as a result of the implementation of information technology, which has been implemented into the work process. At the same time, we are facing better scrutiny of the data in the ToBe process. Throughout the survey we also observed an increase in revenue in the selected company, mainly due to faster decision-making and data review. The development of the ToBE process itself was also greatly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic period, as the freight forwarding sector faced an increase in demand for transport of goods. While doing so, the company's reaction to these market conditions was of crucial importance and the ToBe process gave a greater competition edge to the selected company over other competitors.

Este trabajo de grado consiste en el desarrollo de un robot móvil que tiene como función limpiar las líneas de las canchas de tenis de polvo de ladrillo que tengan una en sus instalaciones y también para los propietarios de canchas de tenis de polvo de ladrillo con el fin de demostrar un proceso de diseño para la creación de un prototipo. Para desarrollar este proyecto se realiza una búsqueda y recolección de información en base a los robots móviles terrestres en donde su funcionalidad sea seguir caminos programados, seguir trayectorias o seguir puntos de interés en el entorno, con lo mencionado anterior, se plantearon diferentes conceptos que suplen dichas necesidades, mediante el diseño concurrente de ingeniería mecatrónica para después seleccionar el más adecuado para el desarrollo del robot móvil. Para la visualización del robot se utilizaron diferentes tipos de herramientas como SolidWorks, Pyvista y Blender. Finalmente se desarrolla la construcción prototipo del robot móvil utilizando herramientas propias y máquinas de la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente que fueron proporcionadas por el taller de manufactura. This degree work consists of the development of a mobile robot whose function is to clean the lines of the brick dust tennis courts that have one in their facilities and for the owners of brick dust tennis courts in order to demonstrate a design process for the creation of a prototype. To develop this project, a search and collection of information based on land mobile robots where its functionality is to follow programmed paths, follow trajectories or follow points of interest in the environment, with the above mentioned, different concepts that meet these needs were raised, through concurrent design of mechatronic engineering to then select the most appropriate for the development of the mobile robot. For the visualization of the robot different types of software were used such as SolidWorks, Pyvista and blender. Finally the construction of the mobile robot is developed using own tools and machines of the Universidad Autónoma de Occidente that were provided by the manufacturing workshop Proyecto de grado (Ingeniero Mecatrónico)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2023 Pregrado Ingeniero(a) Mecatrónico(a)

Los combustibles fósiles son de las fuentes de energía de mayor contaminación al medio ambiente, pero a su vez son los más usados en la actualidad, Colombia es un país cuya matriz energética depende de estos combustibles principalmente, sin embargo, esto se debe a la falta de proyectos viables para la diversificación de esta; Por esto, existe la necesidad de implementar energías renovables como aquellas obtenidas a partir de las biomasas, el bioetanol es un resultado de esta búsqueda donde se aprovecha el bagazo, un residuo generado en las industrias de aceite y se transforma en un combustible más amigable con el medio ambiente, el cual en Colombia, presenta gran factibilidad debido a al alto potencial para su producción. Este proyecto tiene como objetivo principal el estudio de viabilidad para la creación de una planta de bioetanol en Colombia, donde principalmente se buscó una ubicación óptima para esta, siendo en el departamento del Meta por su alta concentración de plantas extractoras de aceite, una vez encontrada la ubicación se seleccionaron los debidos procesos y equipos que conformarían la planta, a través de metodologías de levantamiento y análisis de información, finalizada la etapa anterior, se procedieron a evaluar los impactos ambientales que se generarían por las actividades realizadas en la planta, esto a través de la metodología de arboleda, donde se encontró que el impacto de mayor importancia, es el generado en el factor socioeconómico debido al incremento de la empleo y economía que genera el proyecto. Fossil fuels are one of the sources of energy that pollute the environment the most, but at the same time they are the most used today. Colombia is a country where its energy matrix depends mainly on these fuels, however, this is due to the lack of viable projects for its diversification; For this reason, there is a need to implement renewable energies such as those obtained from biomass, bioethanol is a result of this search where bagasse, a residue generated in the oil industries, is used and transformed into a more environmentally friendly fuel. environment, which in Colombia presents great feasibility due to the high potential for its production. This project's main objective is the feasibility study for the creation of a bioethanol plant in Colombia, where an optimal location for it was mainly sought, finding it in the department of Meta due to its high concentration of oil extracting plants, once found the location, the proper processes and equipment that would make up the plant were selected, through information survey and analysis methodologies, once the previous stage was completed, the environmental impacts that would be generated by the activities carried out in the plant were evaluated, this Through the grove methodology, where it was found that the most important impact is the one generated in the socioeconomic factor due to the increase in employment and economy generated by the project. Ingeniero Ambiental http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Pregrado

Diplomsko delo je nadgradnja elektronsko računalniškega sistema za nadzor temperature v vinskih sodih, ti. sistema Veritas, produkta podjetja Epiko d.o.o. Sistem je bil v začetku zasnovan izključno za potrebe vinarja, da lahko v lastni vinski kleti nadzoruje temperaturo in posledično kontrolira fermentacijo v vseh vinskih sodih. Uvideli smo priložnost, da lahko produkt postane bolj zanimiv, če bi razvili spletno aplikacijo, preko katere bi bil mogoč vpogled v sistem geografsko neodvisen. V drugem poglavju najprej predstavim obstoječe stanje sistema, vso programsko opremo in naprave. Naknadno smo sistem dopolnili z dodatno strežniško programsko opremo, ki omogoča povezovanje več vinskih kleti na centralni strežnik s podatkovno bazo, hkrati pa omogoča komunikacijo med spletno aplikacijo uporabnika preko centralnega strežnika do lastne vinske kleti. Odločili smo se za pošiljanje podatkov v formatu JSON prek komunikacijskega protokola WebSocket. Pri razvoju spletne aplikacije sem uporabil odprtokodno ogrodje Quasar, ki je namenjeno za izdelavo uporabniških vmesnikov. Quasar je ogrodje, ki ga podpirajo trije programski jeziki: HTML, JavaScript (ogrodje Vue.js) in CSS. Nato predstavim, kako sem izdelal aplikacijo in kako smo določili protokol za izmenjavo podatkov med aplikacijo in strežniško programsko opremo. Na koncu opišem še postopek za izgradnjo projekta in kako produkcijske datoteke namestimo na spletni strežnik. V zaključku izpostavim še možnosti glede nadgradnje, dodelav in prihranka stroškov, saj želimo sistem Veritas v kratkem predstaviti na trgu pod lastno blagovno znamko. This thesis is an extension and upgrade of an electronic computer system for temperature control called Veritas, which was developed by the company Epiko d.o.o. The system was initialy designed for the needs of winemakers, as it allows them to adjust the temperature in the wine barrels and thereby control the fermentation process. We saw an opportunity to make the whole product more appealing, by developing a web application enabling users to access the system from anywhere. In the second chapter, I present the current state of the system, its software and devices. Due to upgrade needs, we supplemented the system with additional server software, which enables several customers/wineries to be connected to a central server with a database. At the same time, it enables communication between the user's web application and their own winery via the central server. I chose the JSON format for sending data via the WebSocket protocol. To develop our web application, I used the Quasar open source framework, whose purpose is creating user interfaces. It is supported by three programming languages: HTML, JavaScript (Vue.js framework) and CSS. In the third chapter, I explain how the application is built and how I defined the protocol for exchanging data between the application and the server software. Lastly, I describe the process of building the project and how to install the production files on the web hosting server. In the conclusion of the thesis, I point out the possibilities for future upgrades, improvements and cost saving potentials, as we plan to present the Veritas system on the market in the near future, under our own brand.

Izloženost onečišćenom zraku postaje sve veći uzročnik bolesti i razlog prijevremenih smrti u svijetu pa činjenica da se svakodnevno razvijaju i usavršavaju metode mjerenja emisija onečišćujućih tvari nije iznenađujuća. Cilj ovog rada jest proučiti i približiti danas najmoderniju tehnologiju mjerenja onečišćujućih tvari – besposadne letjelice. Zbog svoje učinkovitosti, brzine prikupljanja podataka i fleksibilnosti u integraciji više različitih senzora, besposadne letjelice omogućuju mjerenje s visokom rezolucijom čak i na čovjeku nepristupačnim mjestima. Rad daje uvid u vrste besposadnih letjelica kao i najčešće korištenih senzora koji metodom daljinskog istraživanja (engl. remote sensing) omogućuju prikupljanje traženih informacija od kojih je jedna i koncentracija prisutnih ispušnih plinova u atmosferi. Exposure to contaminated air is becoming an increasing cause of diseases and the reason for premature deaths in the world, so the fact that methods for emission measurement are being developed and perfected every day is not surprising. The purpose of this work is to study and bring closer the most modern technology for measuring pollutants – unmanned aerial vehicles. Due to their efficiency, speed of data collection and flexibility in the integration of multiple sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles provide measurements with high resolution even in places inaccessible to humans. The work gives an insight into the types of unmanned aerial vehicles as well as the most commonly used sensors that enable the collection of required information throught the mothod of remote sensing, one of which is the amount of exhaust gases present in the atmosphere.

Pokret tijela je jedna od najvažnijih funkcija u čovjekovom životu, a sukladno tome i tema mnogih istraživanja s ciljem poboljšanja učinkovitosti i sigurnosti kod izvođenja radnji koje uključuju pokrete. Razvojem tehnologija stvorila se mogućnost digitalizacije pokreta uporabom softvera i opreme. U radu je objašnjen značaj proučavanja te važnost snimanja i analize tjelesnih pokreta. Navedeni su primjeri opreme i softvera koji se mogu koristiti u digitaliziranju pokreta, te su provedena vlastita oblikovanja i simulacije nekih svakodnevnih tjelesnih radnji u softveru CATIA. U sklopu rada su istražene i mogućnosti integracije CAD softvera s opremom za snimanje pokreta u virtualnoj stvarnosti, te je predočen i prijedlog postava. Body movement is one of the most important functions in human life, and accordingly, the subject of many research papers with the aim of improving efficiency and safety when performing actions that involve movement. The development of technologies created the possibility of digitising movements using software and equipment. This work explains the importance of studying body movement and the importance of its capture and analysis. Some examples of equipment and software that can be used in digitising movements were described, and own designs and simulations of some everyday actions were created in CATIA. Furthermore, the possibilities of integrating CAD software with motion capture equipment in virtual reality were also explored, and a setup proposal was presented.

Glavni cilj ovog rada je suočavanje s realnim inženjerskim problemima pri izradi mobilnog vozila na alternativni pneumatski pogon pomoću nekonvencionalnih pneumatskih mišića koji nisu u tolikoj primjeni kao pneumatski cilindri. To je dovelo do dodatne motivacije za korištenje pneumatskih mišića kao izvršnih aktuatora ovog stroja. Ovaj model, odnosno maketa, nije namijenjena za prijevoz osobe, već je namijenjena postavljanju inovativnih ideja i novih načina ostvarivanja mobilnosti što je jedan od glavnih pravaca razvoja u samom strojarstvu, još od izuma kotača. Ovaj stroj se može nazivati i mobilno vozilo i mobilni robot pošto sadrži karakteristike ovih sustava. U ovom radu opisat će se detaljno konstrukcijsko rješenje gibanja pomoću pneumatskih mišića kao i opis svih potrebnih komponenti za ostvarenje gibanja vozila. Zatim su opisani načini upravljanja i programiranja, izrada konstrukcije vozila i ostalih bitnih dijelova za prijenos gibanja pomoću CAD alata te sastavljanja mehaničkog, elektroničkog i upravljačkog sustava u jednu cjelinu. Na kraju će se dati smjernice za daljnji razvoj ovog rada te upute za ostvarenje autonomnog rada vozila. Može se reći da ovaj rad u potpunosti spada u kategoriju mehatroničkog sustava jer su potrebna sva znanja iz različitih područja da bi se sve ukomponiralo u funkcionalnu cjelinu. The main goal of this work is to deal with real engineering problems when making a mobile vehicle with an alternative pneumatic drive using unconventional pneumatic muscles that are not as widely used as pneumatic cylinders. This led to additional motivation to use pneumatic muscles as the executive actuators of this machine. This model is not intended for transporting people, but is intended for setting up innovative ideas and new ways of achieving mobility, which is one of the main directions of development in mechanical engineering itself, ever since the invention of the wheel. This machine can also be called a mobile vehicle and a mobile robot since it contains the characteristics of both of these systems. This paper will describe a detailed design solution for movement using pneumatic muscles, as well as a description of all necessary components for achieving vehicle movement. Further are described the methods of control and programming, the creation of the vehicle structure and other essential parts for the transmission of motion using CAD tools and the assembly of the mechanical, electronic and control system into one unit. At the end, guidelines will be given for further development of this work and instructions for achieving autonomous vehicle operation. It can be said that this work fully belongs to the category of mechatronic system because all the knowledge from different fields is needed to integrate everything into a functional whole.

Los ecosistemas de humedales brindan un ambiente ideal para el reservorio de la biodiversidad en cuanto a fauna y flora y pueden ser la base de la prosperidad socioeconómica, cultural, natural y ambiental de sectores aledaños; sin embargo, procesos de contaminación de origen antrópico afectan la calidad del agua en las ciénagas Guartinaja, Momil y Sapal de Córdoba-Colombia teniendo como desventaja adicional la poca disponibilidad de información para la evaluación de la calidad del agua. Este estudio tiene como objetivo la evaluación de los parámetros de calidad del agua y su variación, durante la temporada seca, mediante modelos estadísticos aplicando percepción remota. Para ello fueron tomadas las mediciones realizadas de los parámetros de calidad de agua del 5 de febrero de 2021 y los valores de reflectancia de las imágenes satelitales LANDSAT 8 para la estimación de los modelos estadísticos mediante la implementación de regresión lineal múltiple de pasos sucesivos posterior a la evaluación estadística de distribución normal de datos, generando finalmente modelos digitales. Los modelos obtenidos presentaron una correlación entre los datos in situ y los estimados para los casos de Conductividad Eléctrica (CE), pH, Temperatura y Turbiedad por encima de 0,6 de R2, mientras que Oxígeno disuelto (OD) por encima de 0,8. Estos modelos fueron aplicados adicionalmente para las fechas 3 de enero y 28 de febrero. De acuerdo con los resultados, las condiciones para el uso del agua de las ciénagas cumplieron con la normativa internacional para la protección de la vida acuática exceptuando pH y no cumplieron en su mayoría para consumo humano. RESUMEN...................................................................................................................................... 10 ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................................... 11 1. INTRODUCCIÓN................................................................................................................... 12 2. OBJETIVOS............................................................................................................................ 15 2.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL......................................................................................... 15 2.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ................................................................................ 15 3. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA ............................................................................................. 16 3.1. MARCO TEÓRICO .............................................................................................. 16 3.1.1. Percepción remota satelital.............................................................................................. 16 3.1.2. Radiación electromagnética ............................................................................................ 17 3.1.3. Satélite LANDSAT 8 ..................................................................................................... 19 3.1.4. Modelos por Regresión Lineal Múltiple (RLM)............................................................ 21 3.2. MARCO LEGAL....................................................................................................... 22 4. ESTADO DEL ARTE............................................................................................................. 24 5. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS............................................................................................... 26 5.1. ÁREA DE ESTUDIO ................................................................................................ 26 5.2. ORGANIZACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN PRIMARIA DE MEDICIONES DE CALIDAD DEL AGUA ................................................................................................... 28 5.3. PROCESAMIENTO DE IMAGEN SATELITAL.................................................... 29 5.3. INTERPOLACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS ESPACIAL DE PARÁMETROS DE CALIDAD DEL AGUA ...................................................................................................................... 30 5.4. EVALUACIÓN ESTADÍSTICA DE VARIABLES DEPENDIENTES E INDEPENDIENTES......................................................................................................... 30 5.5. ESTIMACIÓN DE MODELOS ESTADÍSTICOS POR PARÁMETRO DE CALIDAD DEL AGUA ................................................................................................... 32 5.6. DIGITALIZACIÓN DE MODELOS ESTADÍSTICOS ........................................... 32 5.7. VALORACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD DEL AGUA .................................................... 33 6. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIONES........................................................................................ 34 6.1. DATOS DE CAMPO............................................................................................. 34 6.2. INTERPOLACIONES Y ANÁLISIS ESPACIAL - TEMPORADA SECA ........ 34 6.2.1. Conductividad eléctrica............................................................................................. 35 6.2.2. Oxígeno disuelto (OD)............................................................................................... 36 6.2.3. pH .............................................................................................................................. 36 6.2.4. Temperatura.............................................................................................................. 37 6.2.5. Turbidez..................................................................................................................... 38 6.3. MODELOS DE ESTIMACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS DE CALIDAD DEL AGUA 39 6.4. MODELOS DIGITALES ...................................................................................... 43 6.4.1. Conductividad Eléctrica (CE) ................................................................................... 43 6.4.2. Oxígeno Disuelto (OD)............................................................................................. 46 6.4.3. pH.............................................................................................................................. 47 6.4.4. Temperatura .............................................................................................................. 48 6.4.5. Turbidez .................................................................................................................... 49 6.5. NORMATIVIDAD DE LA CALIDAD DEL AGUA DE ACUERDO CON EL USO 51 6.5.1. Consumo humano...................................................................................................... 51 6.5.2. Vida Acuática............................................................................................................ 52 7. CONCLUSIONES................................................................................................................... 54 8. RECOMENDACIONES......................................................................................................... 56 9. BIBLIOGRAFÍA..................................................................................................................... 57 Pregrado Ingeniero(a) Ambiental Trabajos de Investigación y/o Extensión

La Franja Periurbana de innovación e investigación Agrícola de Zipaquirá es un proyecto urbano-arquitectónico enfocado en el diseño de una franja urbana que permita desarrollar actividades relacionadas con la investigación tecnológica y científica, una propuesta urbana que cumplirá el papel de generar una transición entre lo urbano y lo rural, que respondan al déficit de proyectos que impulsen el agro en el sector de la sabana centro especialmente en el municipio de Zipaquirá y sus alrededores. El desarrollo de esta propuesta está basado en una investigación en la que se evidencia el déficit de centros que desarrollen actividades de investigación agrícola, que complementen los programas académicos de las universidades de la región. The Periurban Strip of Agricultural Innovation and Research of Zipaquirá is an urban-architectural project focused on the design of an urban strip that allows the development of activities related to technological and scientific research, an urban proposal that will fulfill the role of generating a transition between the urban and the rural, that respond to the deficit of projects that promote agriculture in the central savannah sector, especially in the municipality of Zipaquirá and its surroundings. The development of this proposal is based on an investigation that shows the deficit of centers that develop agricultural research activities, which complement the academic programs of the universities in the region. Arquitecto Pregrado