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S hitrim razvojem tehnologije je priporočljiva in pomembna strategija arhiviranja dokumentov različnih vrst, ki so ustvarjeni vsak dan. Rešitev je zaradi števila organizacij v javni upravi in tudi v gospodarstvu veliko, s čimer se izgubi enotnost že pri podrobnejših zapisanih procesih. Namen diplomskega dela je potrditev postavljene hipoteze, ki ob pridobitvi dokumentov iz zgodovine le-te uspešno digitalizira po pravilih že ustvarjene in znane strategije. Glavni cilj diplomskega dela je razumevanje procesa digitalizacije in transformacije obravnavanih stenografskih dokumentov iz časa Države SHS in Kraljevine Jugoslavije. Programska rešitev je bila razvita v programskem jeziku Python s pomočjo zunanjih programskih knjižnic za obdelavo podatkov ter s smernicami in pravili evropskega projekta ParlaMint. Vpeljan je edinstven proces digitalizacije za skenirane stenografske dokumente, ki s pomočjo ustvarjene programske rešitve transformira zasedanja v primerljiv končni izdelek v obliki mape digitalnih datotek že ustvarjenim rešitvam po obravnavanih pravilih in smernicah. Obravnavani so tudi proces prepoznave vsebine ter določanje ocene napake in razpoznavanje gradnikov, ki sestavljajo posamezen dokument. Z izdelavo strategije digitalizacije po vnaprej določenih pravilih je končni izdelek primerljiv z digitalno knjižnico ostalih digitaliziranih skupin zasedanj, ki so jih ustvarile razne organizacije. Končni izdelek je lahko obravnavan na enak način, medtem ko je raziskovanje možno aplicirati na več strok. Zaradi narave obravnavanih stenografskih dokumentov vsebina lahko vpliva na pogled zgodovine, antropologije in lingvistike. With rapid improvements in technology every day, there are multiple strategies of archiving and digitalization that are recommended and important. Number of solutions in public administration and other organizations in economy is quickly rising because of organizations, where unity of similar processes is being lost. The main objective is a retrievement of the observed document from history, which were being digitalized by rules of already made and known strategy. Main target is understanding the process of digitalization and a transformation of the observed sample of transcriptions from the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The solution was created with Python programming language with help with few of programming libraries for handling data and rules of European project ParlaMint. A unique process was established for digitalization of scanned transcription documents that is created with a programming solution which transforms parliamentary session to a folder of digital files which are comparable to already made solutions based on the ParlaMint rules. Process of identifying content based on computer vision is explored as well, calculating an error rate and identifying segment blocks that together build a specific document. For creation of digitalization strategy, based on already created rules, the final solution is comparable with a digital library of other digitalized parliamentary sessions that were created by other organizations which are members of the project. Final product can be treated equally, research can be applicable to many professions which can be affected in studies of history, anthropology and linguistics.

Actualmente en Colombia se está implementando un Sistema de Gestión Integrado (SGI) basado en las normas ISO 9001:2015, 14001:2015 y 45001:2018. Para fortalecer la competitividad y sostenibilidad de las Mi Pymes las cuales representan el 90% de las empresas del país y generando empleo y producción. La economía de la ciudad de Valledupar se basa en la ganadería, agricultura, servicios y minería. Las Pymes enfrentan desafíos en términos de recursos limitados, falta de experiencia en negocios, marketing deficiente, innovación limitada y falta de asociaciones estratégicas. Sin embargo, pueden superar estas limitaciones al enfocarse en nichos de mercado, mejorar su educación empresarial, invertir en marketing y explorar la innovación y las alianzas. Las Pymes en Valledupar han mostrado falta de atención a la implementación de planes de marketing y a la innovación. Algunas Pymes han adoptado estrategias para mejorar su posición en el mercado, pero también existen obstáculos como la tramitología para obtener apoyo financiero y la relación familia-empresa. Siendo así es menester analizar cómo las Pymes en Valledupar abordan los planes de marketing y cómo pueden mejorar su competitividad en el mercado. y los desafíos que, como la falta de recursos, la resistencia al cambio o la falta de apoyo en capacitación y educación empresarial. Currently in Colombia, an Integrated Management System (IMS) based on the ISO 9001:2015, 14001:2015, and 45001:2018 standards is being implemented. This is aimed at enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs), which constitute 90% of the country's businesses, contributing to job creation and production. The economy of the city of Valledupar relies on livestock, agriculture, services, and mining. MSMEs face challenges in terms of limited resources, lack of business experience, poor marketing, limited innovation, and a lack of strategic partnerships. However, they can overcome these limitations by targeting market niches, improving their business education, investing in marketing, and exploring innovation and alliances. MSMEs in Valledupar have demonstrated a lack of focus on implementing marketing plans and fostering innovation. While some have adopted strategies to enhance their market position, there are also obstacles such as bureaucratic processes to access financial support and the family-business relationship. Given this context, it is imperative to analyze how MSMEs in Valledupar approach marketing plans and how they can enhance their competitiveness in the market, addressing challenges such as resource constraints, resistance to change, and a lack of support in training and business education. Administrador de Empresas Agropecuarias Pregrado

Eksponentni razvoj tehnologije prinaša novosti na vseh področjih naših življenj, med drugim tudi v javni sektor, kar pomeni, da so se države prisiljene prilagoditi in se soočiti s pojavom digitalizacije. Digitalizacija zahteva popolno prenovo obstoječih procesov in posledično prenos upravnih postopkov v elektronsko obliko. Ob preoblikovanju upravnih zadev je izrednega pomena upoštevanje načel splošnega upravnega postopka, kar lahko razvijalcem storitev predstavlja velik izziv. V diplomskem delu so predstavljeni trendi in dobre prakse v razvoju e-uprave v Evropski uniji in sicer, avtomatizirano odločanje, prehod na digitalne dokumente in e-identifikacijo, kibernetska varnost in zasebnost ter izobraževanje in digitalna pismenost. Na podlagi trendov EU in načel upravnega postopka je bilo analiziranih pet različnih postopkov na državnem portalu eUprava. Prav tako je bil opravljen intervju s skrbnico portala. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je eUprava na različne načine zgledna v okviru načel usmerjenosti k strankam, varstva pravic strank, transparentnosti in debirokratizacije. Prav tako je bilo ugotovljeno, da je eUprava delno usklajena s trendi EU in da trenutno stanje še vedno dopušča možnosti za napredek. Diplomsko delo oriše trenutno stanje portala eUprava in izpostavi najboljše elemente določenih postopkov v okviru načel splošnega upravnega postopka. Podani so tudi predlogi, na podlagi katerih bi bil portal eUprava morda še uspešnejši, saj se z neprenehnim razvojem državljanom omogoča lažje in bolj učinkovito poslovanje z organi prav tako se veča njihovo zaupanje v elektronske storitve državne uprave. The exponential development of technology introduces innovations across all aspects of our lives, including the public sector. This implies that countries are compelled to adapt and confront the emergence of digitization. Digitization necessitates a complete overhaul of existing processes and, consequently, the migration of administrative procedures into electronic formats. When reshaping administrative affairs, it is of paramount importance to adhere to the principles of general administrative procedure, which can pose a significant challenge to service developers. This thesis presents trends and best practices in the development of e-government in the European Union, including automated decision-making, the transition to digital documents and e-identification, cybersecurity, privacy, and education and digital literacy. Based on EU trends and the principles of administrative procedure, an analysis was conducted on five different procedures on the state portal eUprava. Additionally, an interview was conducted with the portal administrator. The findings reveal that eUprava serves as an exemplary model in various aspects related to customer orientation, safeguarding the rights of parties, transparency, and reducing bureaucratic hurdles. It was also noted that eUprava is partially aligned with EU trends and that the current state still allows room for improvement. This dissertation outlines the current status of the eUprava portal and highlights the best elements of specific procedures within the framework of the principles of general administrative procedure. Furthermore, suggestions are provided based on which the eUprava portal could potentially become even more successful. Through continuous development, it aims to facilitate citizens' interactions with government agencies, ultimately fostering greater trust in electronic government services.

Področje mehke robotike se zadnjih par let vse bolj razvija. In najosnovnejši princip delovanja robota je prijemanje, katero potem vodi v druge možnosti uporabe predmetov. Zato so vse bolj zaželena tudi mehka prijemala. V tej zaključni nalogi so podane osnove mehke robotike in mehkih prijemal, njihovih sestavnih materialov, tehnologij delovanja in glavnih izvedb mehkih prijemal. S pomočjo modelirnih programov in preračunov, je podana podrobnejša analiza treh različnih izvedb in na koncu je podana še primerjava, med posameznimi izvedbami. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da so si izvedbe med seboj zelo različne, in da ima zato vsaka izvedba določeno področje, v katerem prekaša ostale izvedbe mehkih prijemal. The field of soft robotics has been growing rapidly in the last couple of years. And the most basic function of a robot is gripping which can lead to other fields of use. As such, soft grippers are becoming more and more popular. This thesis provides the basics of soft robotics and specifically soft grippers, their basic materials, their power options and gripping technologies. With the help of CAD programs and mathematical equations, we have made a detailed analysis of three different versions of soft grippers. In the end we have also made a direct comparison between these three versions of grippers. Through these methods, we have surmised that these versions differ vastly from one another, and it is for that reason that each singular version, has a certain field of use where it exceeds, in comparison to the other versions of soft grippers.

Diplomsko delo je posvečeno analizi in izboljšanju digitalizacije procesa odvažanja kosovnih odpadkov v Sloveniji. Analizirali smo obstoječi proces in trenutno digitalizacijo procesa ter predlagali nadgraditev digitalizacije procesa. Uporabili smo kombinacijo kvalitativnih in kvantitativnih raziskovalnih metod, vključno z analizo dokumentov, intervjuji in razvojem prototipa. Razvili smo aplikacijo z uporabo tehnologij Spring Boot, mySQL, HTML5 in zunanjim sistemom Google Maps. Nato smo izvedli serijo intervjujev s ključnimi akterji, ki so nam podali mnenja in predloge za izboljšave. Naša aplikacija je znatno izboljšala obstoječi sistem naročanja odvoza kosovnih odpadkov, ki ga ponuja sistem Komunala.info. Vendar pa primerjava z mednarodnimi primeri, kot sta rešitvi, ki jih ponujata Ecube Labs in Waste Hero, kaže, da še vedno obstaja prostor za dodatne izboljšave, zlasti na področju avtomatizacije in analitike. Diplomsko delo ponuja praktične rešitve za izboljšanje sistema odvažanja odpadkov, zlasti v slovenskem kontekstu, saj smo ugotovili, da je ta proces pri nas pomanjkljivo digitaliziran. Delo ne le da naslavlja obstoječe težave, ampak tudi predstavlja rešitev za nadaljnje raziskave in implementacijo naprednejših funkcionalnosti. Rezultati imajo potencial, da pomembno vplivajo na učinkovitost odvažanja odpadkov v Sloveniji in s tem pripomorejo k boljši ekološki odgovornosti. The diploma thesis is dedicated to analyzing and improving the digitization of the bulky waste removal process in Slovenia. We analyzed the existing process and current digitalization of the process and proposed an upgrade. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used, including document analysis, interviews, and prototype development. We developed an application using Spring Boot, MySQL, HTML5, and external Google Maps technologies. We then conducted a series of interviews with key players who offered their opinions and suggestions for improvements. Our application has significantly improved the existing system for ordering bulky waste removal, which is offered by the Komunala.info system. However, a comparison with international examples such as the solutions offered by Ecube Labs and Waste Hero shows that there is room for further improvements, especially in terms of automation and analytics. The thesis offers practical solutions for the improvement of the waste removal system, especially in Slovenia, where the process was found to be insufficiently digitized. The thesis does not only address the existing problems but also presents solutions for further research and implementation of advanced functionalities. The results have the potential to significantly influence the efficiency of waste removal in Slovenia, which would contribute to better ecological responsibility.

In the world we live in today, and especially in recent decades, the use of the Internet has become a daily activity for a large part of the population. One of the latest applications that is growing exponentially is the Internet of Things (IoT). The relentless increase in the use of IoT devices has become an issue to be solved. It is necessary to feed all these devices which, despite requiring little power to operate, are a large number and can be found in places that are difficult to access. The project within which this work is framed consists of powering these IoT devices with sustainable energy harvesters installed inside smart buildings. These devices can be used to harvest light, radio frequency, thermal or mechanical energy. In our case, light energy has been studied As we will see later, in the P-V characteristic of a photovoltaic cell it is easily recognizable the maximum power point, that is, the point where we want the cell to work. Therefore, the objective of this work is to design and characterize MPPT or Maximum Power Point Tracker circuits that are able to make the light energy harvesters work as close as possible to their maximum power. One aspect to consider is that photovoltaic cells under artificial light will provide small power levels, and therefore the consumption of the MPPT circuits cannot be elevated. After performing a characterization of commercial photovoltaic cells under different types of artificial light, the most optimal MPPT technique for this study was found to be Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (FOCV). Three commercial MPPT circuits have been connected to photovoltaic cells installed under artificial light. The BQ25570 model, from Texas Instruments, has been found to be the most efficient MPPT over a wide range of illuminances, reaching values higher than 90% efficiency. Analog Devices¿ ADP5092 has shown similar efficiency values at high illuminances but significantly lower efficiency at low illuminances, with values below 60%. Finally, the MPPT SPV1050, from STMicroelectronics, has been clearly less efficient than the others. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No Contaminant Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima

El papel crucial de la tecnología en el mercado actual hace que su adopción sea esencial para las entidades financieras, especialmente los bancos. El Banco Popular reconoce esta importancia y busca adaptarse a través de la transformación digital. Esta propuesta se origina a partir del análisis de errores durante una pasantía en el banco y tiene como objetivo integrar conceptos de mejora continua utilizando el modelo ITIL v4 como referencia. ITIL v4 proporciona recomendaciones para organizar recursos y alcanzar objetivos en un entorno tecnológico diverso. In the constantly evolving digital era, technology plays a pivotal and indispensable role for entities striving to maintain a presence in the market, especially banks. Banco Popular acknowledges this significance and aims to adapt through digital transformation. This proposal stems from an analysis of errors during an internship at the bank and seeks to integrate concepts of continuous improvement using the ITIL v4 model as a reference. ITIL v4 provides recommendations for organizing resources and achieving goals in a diverse technological environment. Ingeniero de Telecomunicaciones Pregrado

Esta investigación, en representación a los cambios en las tecnologías emergentes para la detección de características en distintos entornos, propone el diseño de una red inalámbrica de sensores (Wireless Sensor Network o WSN). Estas redes inalámbricas son el objeto de estudio para la presente investigación, donde se tiene un enfoque principal basado en el monitoreo de variables ambientales, ya sea con objetivos de mejoramiento en la agricultura, como en cualquier rama investigativa que requiera de esta clase de aplicación. En búsqueda de este objetivo, se realiza un circuito impreso o Printed Circuit Board (PCB) teniendo en cuenta las bases de la normativa internacional IPC-2221A. En dicho circuito, se encuentran acoplados 3 sensores destinados a la medición de 6 variables ambientales, en donde se encuentra la humedad del suelo, humedad relativa del aire, temperatura relativa, luz ultravioleta (UV), radiación solar, e infrarrojo. Así mismo, teniendo en cuenta el espectro investigativo presente, se manipulan los datos a través de la plataforma Arduino y los entornos de programación LabVIEW y MATLAB, siendo posible sustraer la totalidad de los datos adquiridos, almacenarlos a través de Microsoft Excel, e ilustrarlos según corresponda. Esta información es de importancia para el posterior análisis del rendimiento de la red, además de ser variables cuya relación, a través de la investigación, podrá ser identificada. This research, representing the changes in emerging technologies for the detection of features in different environments, proposes the design of a wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network or WSN). These wireless networks are the object of study for this research, where the main focus is based on the monitoring of environmental variables, either with the objective of improving agriculture, as in any research branch that requires this kind of application. In pursuit of this objective, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is made taking into account the bases of the international standard IPC-2221A. In this circuit, 3 sensors are coupled to measure 6 environmental variables, including soil humidity, relative air humidity, relative temperature, ultraviolet light (UV), solar radiation and infrared. Likewise, taking into account the present research spectrum, the data are manipulated through the Arduino platform and the programming environments LabVIEW and MATLAB, being possible to subtract all the acquired data, store them through Microsoft Excel, and illustrate them as appropriate. This information is of importance for the subsequent analysis of the network performance, in addition to being variables whose relationship, through research, can be identified. Ingeniero Electronico Pregrado

V svetu internet stvari je komunikacijski MQTT protokol pogosta izbira, saj je enostaven za uporabo, zagotavlja storitev tipa objava-naročilo in ima učinkovito porabo energije. Zaradi njegove priljubljenosti so na voljo številne MQTT platforme, ki omogočajo učinkovito ustvarjanje rešitev na področju interneta stvari. Namen diplomske naloge je zasnovati in izdelati aplikacijski vmesnik med sistemom MQTT in storitvijo Telegram. Slednji s svojim Bot API omogoča, da se aplikacije zunanjih razvijalcev povežejo do sporočilne strukture Telegrama. Storitev Telegram je sicer usmerjena v klepete med uporabniki, vedno pogosteje pa se najde tudi v rešitvah s področja interneta stvari. Sprva so predstavljene osnove komunikacijskega protokola MQTT in aplikacije za klepete Telegram, nadaljnje pa je razdelana zasnova vmesnika med MQTT in Telegramom. Za izvedbo ciljne rešitve smo uporabili že obstoječo platformo Adafruit IO, ki ponuja uporabo protokola MQTT. To platformo smo preko vmesnika povezali s Telegramom. Vmesnik smo zasnovali in izvedli s pomočjo orodja Node-Red. Ob preizkusu končne rešitve smo merili tudi zakasnitve pri prehodu. Ugotovili smo, da je vmesnik s povprečno zakasnitvijo približno 400 ms dovolj odziven za izbrane primere uporabe. Za druge primere aplikacij internet stvari je potrebno preveriti, kakšne zakasnitve so za njihovo delovanje še sprejemljive. The MQTT communication protocol is a common choice in the area of Internet of Things due to its simplicity of usage, provision of publish-subscribe service and energy efficiency. There is a number of MQTT platforms that enables an efficient creation of solutions in the field of internet of things due to its growing popularity. The purpose of the thesis is to design and develop an application interface between the MQTT system and the Telegram service. With its Bot API, the latter enables a connection of third-party applications with Telegram's message structure. Although the Telegram service is mainly focused on chats between users, it is increasingly also found in solutions in the field of internet of things. First, the basics of the MQTT communication protocol and the Telegram chat application are presented, followed by the design of the interface between MQTT and Telegram. To implement the target solution, we used the existing Adafruit IO platform, which offers the use of the MQTT protocol. We have connected the platform to Telegram via an interface, which was designed and implemented using the Node-Red tool. When testing the final solution, we also measured the transition delays and found that the interface with its average latency of around 400 ms satisfies the responsivness for the selected use cases. For other Internet of Things applications, it is necessary to check what latency is still acceptable for their operation.