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The following results are related to Rural Digital Europe. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.

  • Rural Digital Europe
  • 2013-2022
  • Research data
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  • Italian

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  • La Quarta Rivoluzione Industriale ha annunciato una serie di trasformazioni culturali, economiche e sociali di profondo rilievo. L’ampia accelerazione tecnologica che stiamo vivendo, indubbiamente, crea un valore enorme, aumentando la produttività e facilitando il benessere collettivo. Tuttavia, la tecnica, oltre a stravolgere il mon- do del lavoro e della produzione, l'organizzazione del si- stema economico e, più in generale, la quotidianità, allo stesso tempo, opera una rivoluzione della coscienza uma- na, della comprensione del mondo interiore ed esteriore degli individui. Le tecnologie digitali non sono soltanto strumenti che si limitano a modificare il modo in cui inte- ragiamo con il mondo, ma sono, soprattutto, sistemi che influenzano sempre di più il modo in cui comprendiamo il mondo e ci rapportiamo ad esso, così come il modo in cui concepiamo noi stessi e interagiamo tra noi. Oggi, in maniera progressivamente accelerata, si dà atto di un’e- rosione sistematica dell’esperienza puramente umana da parte della tecnica, in particolar modo nell’ambito del nascere, vivere e morire. Seppur la tecnologia moltiplichi esponenzialmente le connessioni e le interazioni tra per- sone ed organizzazioni, tuttavia, non ha incoraggiato tendenze che vadano nella direzione del benessere collet- tivo. Inoltre, il processo di deterioramento del sistema va- loriale non ha risparmiato il diritto, fenomeno umano per eccellenza. Pertanto, un sistema che non registra, come in passato, un forte legame tra progresso tecnico-scientifico e creazione di valori che orientino al bene collettivo, ri- chiede l’innovazione parallela dei modelli di pensiero, nonché la ridefinizione delle categorie con le quali i sape- ri umanistici e scientifici approcciano la realtà. A partire dall’analisi di questo contesto, questo contributo afferma l’idea della necessarietà di etica e filosofia quali elemen- ti imprescindibili ai fini della sostenibilità della quarta rivoluzione industriale. I principi etici, invero, educano la collettività ad agire valutando gli effetti delle proprie azioni sulla natura e sugli altri, e nel lungo periodo. L’e- tica, infatti, quale filosofia morale o scienza del bene, stabilisce relazioni strutturali tra l’agire umano e i mezzi per conseguirlo, affinché si mantenga il “bene in sé” quale fine ultimo. The Fourth Industrial Revolution introduced a series of profound cultural, economic and social transformations. The wide technological accele- ration we are experiencing, undoubtedly, creates enormous value, increasing productivity and faci- litating collective well-being. However, technology, in addition to upsetting the world of work and production, the organization of the economic sy- stem and, more generally, everyday life, at the same time, brings a revolution in human consciousness, in the comprehension of the inner and outer world of individuals. Digital technologies are not just to- ols that only change the way we interact with the world, but they are, above all, systems that increa- singly influence the way we understand the world and relate to it, as well as the way we interact with it, the way we conceive of ourselves and interact with each other. Today, in a progressively accelera- ted manner, we face a systematic erosion of purely human experience by technology, especially in the context of being born, living and dying. In particu- lar, although technology exponentially multiplies the connections and interactions between people and organizations, however, it has not encouraged trends that go in the direction of collective well- being. Furthermore, the process of deterioration of the value system has not spared law, a human phe- nomenon par excellence. Therefore, a system that does not register, as in the past, a strong link betwe- en technical-scientific progress and the creation of values that orient towards the collective good, requires the parallel innovation of the models of thought, as well as the redefinition of the catego- ries with which humanities and sciences approach reality. Starting from the analysis of this context, this contribution affirms the idea of the necessity of ethics and philosophy as essential elements for the sustainability of the fourth industrial revolu- tion. Ethical principles, indeed, educate the com- munity to act by evaluating the effects of its actions on nature and on the others, and in the long term. Ethics, in fact, as a moral philosophy or science of good, establishes structural relationships between human action and the means to achieve it, so that "good in itself " is maintained as the ultimate goal.

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    Authors: Stefano Sartorio; Kevin Santus; Arianna Scaioli;
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    Authors: Righi M.;

    Questo documento riassume le principali tecnologie didattiche hardware e software utilizzabili in base all'età per lo sviluppo dei concetti scientifici nelle nuove generazioni.

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  • Authors: Fabio Terribile; Marialaura Bancheri; Alessia Perego;

    Oltre 60 ricercatori di 10 diversi Paesi, coordinati dall'università Federico II di Napoli, hanno messo a punto una piattaforma web che permette di capire qual è la combinazione migliore per ottimizzare la produzione quantificandone anche l'impatto ambientale. Quindici i programmi a disposizione, tra cui anche uno per lo stoccaggio di carbonio nei suoli. E' il progetto europeo Land Support nelle parole di Tommaso Romano, presidente del consorzio di tutela del pomodoro San Marzano, del coordinatore del progetto, Fabio Terribile dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, di Alessia Perego dell'Università di Milano e di Marialaura Bancheri, ricercatrice del CNR.

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  • Il contributo nasce da un approccio interdisciplinare allo studio delle tra-sformazioni territoriali: ne sono autori, infatti, geografi, fisici e ingegneri ambientali esperti di telerilevamento. L’obiettivo è quello di studiare la recente espansione del capitalismo agricolo in una regione strategica per l’economia del Mezzogiorno: la Piana del Sele. In pochi anni, questo territorio a forte vocazione agri-cola ha conosciuto una drastica alterazione della copertura del suolo, che, se nel 2012 registrava un sostanziale equilibrio tra seminativi e serre, nel 2018, in appena sei anni, ha visto una crescita ponderosa delle serre a scapito proprio dei seminativi. È questa la conseguen-za dell’espansione della cosiddetta “quarta gamma” nel mercato or-tofrutticolo - esplosa anche in Italia nelle ultime due decadi – ovvero la produzione in serra di prodotti freschi, lavati e pronti al consumo. Si tratta di un fenomeno che, oltre alla valenza commerciale, ha dei riverberi geo-economici, sociali e ambientali di prim’ordine. In primo luogo, la penetrazione nei mercati locali dei grandi capitalisti agricoli; in secondo luogo, la riduzione della capacità degli ecosistemi di assi-curare beni e servizi; in terzo luogo, il depauperamento del paesaggio e il potenziale aumento del rischio idrogeologico. La metodologia d’indagine prevede l’analisi dei cambiamenti del-la land cover nei comuni di Battipaglia e Bellizzi, nella provincia di Salerno, nel segmento temporale 2012-2018 attraverso l’Urban Atlas Copernicus, realizzato utilizzando dati satellitari ad altissima risolu-zione. Attraverso il software InVEST, ai cambiamenti osservati è stata abbinata la quantificazione della perdita generata dalla riduzione dei beni e servizi ecosistemici. The paper arises from an interdisciplinary approach to the study of ter ritorial transformations: in fact, its authors are geographers, physicists and environmental engineers who are experts in remote sensing. The aim is to study the recent expansion of agricultural capitalism in a strategic region for the economy of the South: the Sele Plain. In just a few years, this territory with a strong agricultural vocation has experienced a drastic alteration of the land cover: in 2012 there was a substantial bal ance between arable land and greenhouses, but in 2018, in just six years, there was a substantial growth of greenhouses own detriment of arable land. This is the consequence of the expansion of the so-called “fourth range” in the fruit and vegetable market - which has also grown up in Italy in the last two decades - or rather the greenhouse production of fresh, washed and ready-to-eat products. It is a phenomenon which, in addition to its commercial value, has first-rate geo-economic, social and environmental effects. First, the penetration of local markets by large ag ricultural capitalists; secondly, the reduction of the ability of ecosystems to provide goods and services; thirdly, the depletion of the landscape and the potential increase in hydrogeological risk. The survey methodology involves the analysis of land cover changes in the municipalities of Battipaglia and Bellizzi, in the province of Salerno, in the 2012-2018 time span through the Urban Atlas Copernicus, created using very high resolution satellite data. Through the InVEST software, the observed changes were combined with the quantification of the loss generated by the reduction of the ecosystem goods and services.

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    Authors: National Committee for Food Safety;

    Italian National Committee for Food Safety (CNSA) opinion of 22 September 2021 on Cystic echinococcosis: current knowledge and suggestions for prevention and control Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a chronic and debilitating zoonotic larval cestode infection in humans, which requires the one-health approach as it involves humans and livestock or wildlife health and food and environmental contamination. CE is widespread in many regions of the world and endemic in several Italian Regions. Despite the carrying out of important international research programs, many scientific uncertainties and various issues about CE do not allow us to outline a precise epidemiological framework both in humans and in animals. Although it is difficult to calculate accurately the health and economic burden of CE, the disease is estimated to be responsible for significant economic losses in the public health sector. Globally, a 2006 study estimated an annual loss of 760 million and 140 million dollars attributable to infection in humans and livestock, respectively. As regards Italy, EC is the second cause of hospitalization for zoonosis and human infection is estimated to be responsible for a cost of around 4,000,000 euros per year. To this cost must be added the economic losses due to the reduction in milk production in livestock. The Food Safety Section of the CNSA highlights the need to raise awareness and inform citizens and health professionals about CE in order to reduce the spread of the disease. Furthermore, the Section hopes to carry out studies aimed at characterizing the sources of infection and the socio-cultural habits involved in the transmission of the disease in endemic areas. IT; it; pdf; o.pinto@sanita.it

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    Authors: National Committee For Food Safety;

    Italian National Committee for Food Safety (CNSA) opinion of 11 MAY 2021 on Unregulated mycotoxins: Ochratoxin A in cheeses and pork products Ochratoxin A (OTA) is of particular health relevance, as it has marked toxic properties, including carcinogenicity with a potential genotoxic mechanism, and is very widespread in food products. Plant-based foods are the main sources of OTA in the diet; however, it is also present in foods of animal origin, especially in pork products and dairy products, mainly related to the surface proliferation of toxicogenic fungi during the ripening nd storage phases. On the basis of the available data, the theoretical level of Italian consumer exposure deriving from the consumption of raw ham and cheeses was calculated. Based on EFSA toxicological reference values, the estimated exposure levels provide MOEs of less than 10,000 for neoplastic effects with a genotoxic mechanism. In particular the results indicate a health concern for children and for high consumers of ham and cheeses. In addition OTA is a highly widespread mycotoxin in food products, whereas the theoretical exposure data reported here relate only to separate consumption of raw ham and cheeses. Consequently, the calculated MOEs do not concern the total daily intake of OTA, to which plant foods are also expected to contribute significantly. To protect consumer health, OTA contamination should be prevented and reduced. Good practices should be adopted in the ripening and storage of cheeses and cured meats. Furthermore, it is important to inform the consumer to avoid the consumption of cheeses and cured meats that have potentially toxigenic molds and that it is not sufficient to remove only the moldy parts, as the mycotoxin can migrate in depth. IT; it; pdf; o.pinto@sanita.it

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    L’avvento del mezzo digitale ha profondamente trasformato tanto le dinamiche di produzione e diffusione del testo letterario, quanto la relativa prassi editoriale. Nonostante ciò, le questioni di fondo che pone la filologia conservano tutta la loro importanza: la volontà d’autore, la conservazione dei documenti, le modalità di pubblicazione sono sempre al centro di un dibattito che si è rivelato particolarmente vivace Oltreoceano. Il volume, che raccoglie saggi pubblicati dagli autori più influenti in materia, introduce alle principali questioni poste dalle varie forme della testualità digitale e dalla circolazione dei testi letterari nel mondo attuale. La digitalizzazione di massa, le nuove dinamiche di lettura, l’obsolescenza dei supporti digitali e le nuove forme di didattica e ricerca collaborativa sono solo alcuni dei temi qui affrontati.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: National Committee for Food Safety;

    Italian National Committee for Food Safety (CNSA) opinion of 9 MARCH 2021 on SARS-COV-2 virus and food In the light of the importance and topicality of the subject, and considering the specific requests for clarification made by the Advisory Section of Consumer and Producer Associations and by other stakeholders, the Food Safety Section deemed it appropriate to carry out an analysis of current knowledge concerning the relationship between viruses and food. Based on the existing international studies, pending possible subsequent modifications and/or clarifications, it can be concluded that there is no scientific evidence to suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted via food through raw or cooked food. Under normal conditions, there is no evidence yet that contaminated packaging transmits the infection, and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection through food contact materials, packaging and surfaces appears negligible. The most important preventive measures to be applied by workers involved in food distribution and sales are physical distancing, good personal hygiene with frequent hand washing and the application of general food hygiene rules. Consumers should be reminded that when shopping, it is good practice to keep a distance of at least 1.5 metres from one another, sanitise the shopping cart or basket, sanitise their hands before and after using the shopping cart or basket and/or protect hands with gloves to be disposed of in special containers after shopping, as well as to use a properly worn mask for all the time spent in the supermarket. At home, there is no need to sanitise food packaging, but it is necessary to wash hands after handling packages. While temperatures used for cooking are sufficient to inactivate the coronavirus, refrigeration and freezing temperatures do not appear to cause a reduction in the viability of the virus. Washing with only drinking water appears to be sufficient to sanitise fruit and vegetables. IT; it; pdf; o.pinto@sanita.it

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  • The author considers the landscape as an infrastructure capable of responding to the critical issues concerning the environmental, social and economic spheres and he suggests a methodology for identifying landscape units through the support of modern geo-informatic and geo-spatial techniques. The study presents the potentialities (and limits) of GiScience and Geographic Information Systems (Gis) to support traditional landscape analysis, understand the evolutionary dynamics of the territories, address the current knowledge on the topic in favor of an active protection of the cultural and natural heritage and, finally, involve local communities in decision-making processes. El autor considera el paisaje como una infraestructura capaz de contestar a las criticidades ambientales, sociales y económicas, y se propone sugerir una metodología para individualizar las Unidades de paisajes por medio del aporte de las modernas técnicas geo-informáticas y geo-espaciales. La propuesta presenta las potencialidades (y los límites) de la GiScience y los Sistemas de información geográfica (Sig) para sostener los tradicionales análisis paisajistas, comprender las dinámicas evolutivas de los territorios, dirigir el conocimiento en favor de una tutela activa del patrimonio cultural y natural y comprometer a las comunidades en los procesos de evaluación. L'autore considera il paesaggio come un’infrastruttura in grado di rispondere alle criticità ambientali, sociali ed economiche e suggerisce una metodologia per l’individuazione delle Unità di paesaggio mediante il supporto delle moderne tecniche geo-informatiche e geo-spaziali. La proposta presenta le potenzialità (e i limiti) della GiScience e i Sistemi di informazione geográfica (Sig) per supportare le tradizionali analisi paesaggistiche, comprendere le dinamiche evolutive dei territori, indirizzare la conoscenza a favore di una tutela attiva del patrimonio culturale e naturale e coinvolgere le comunità locali nei processi valutativi e decisionali. O autor considera a paisagem como uma infraestrutura capaz de responder aos problemas de ordem sociais e econômicos e sugere uma metodologia para a identificação das Unidades de paisagem, com o auxílio das modernas técnicas de geo-informática e geo-espaciais. São apresentadas as potencialidades (e os limites) da GiScience e Sistemas de informação geográfica (Sig) como apoio às análises paisagísticas tradicionais e compreender as dinâmicas evolutivas do território, permitindo uma tutela do patrimônio cultural e natural efetiva e o envolvimento das comunidades locais nos processos de decisão.

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  • La Quarta Rivoluzione Industriale ha annunciato una serie di trasformazioni culturali, economiche e sociali di profondo rilievo. L’ampia accelerazione tecnologica che stiamo vivendo, indubbiamente, crea un valore enorme, aumentando la produttività e facilitando il benessere collettivo. Tuttavia, la tecnica, oltre a stravolgere il mon- do del lavoro e della produzione, l'organizzazione del si- stema economico e, più in generale, la quotidianità, allo stesso tempo, opera una rivoluzione della coscienza uma- na, della comprensione del mondo interiore ed esteriore degli individui. Le tecnologie digitali non sono soltanto strumenti che si limitano a modificare il modo in cui inte- ragiamo con il mondo, ma sono, soprattutto, sistemi che influenzano sempre di più il modo in cui comprendiamo il mondo e ci rapportiamo ad esso, così come il modo in cui concepiamo noi stessi e interagiamo tra noi. Oggi, in maniera progressivamente accelerata, si dà atto di un’e- rosione sistematica dell’esperienza puramente umana da parte della tecnica, in particolar modo nell’ambito del nascere, vivere e morire. Seppur la tecnologia moltiplichi esponenzialmente le connessioni e le interazioni tra per- sone ed organizzazioni, tuttavia, non ha incoraggiato tendenze che vadano nella direzione del benessere collet- tivo. Inoltre, il processo di deterioramento del sistema va- loriale non ha risparmiato il diritto, fenomeno umano per eccellenza. Pertanto, un sistema che non registra, come in passato, un forte legame tra progresso tecnico-scientifico e creazione di valori che orientino al bene collettivo, ri- chiede l’innovazione parallela dei modelli di pensiero, nonché la ridefinizione delle categorie con le quali i sape- ri umanistici e scientifici approcciano la realtà. A partire dall’analisi di questo contesto, questo contributo afferma l’idea della necessarietà di etica e filosofia quali elemen- ti imprescindibili ai fini della sostenibilità della quarta rivoluzione industriale. I principi etici, invero, educano la collettività ad agire valutando gli effetti delle proprie azioni sulla natura e sugli altri, e nel lungo periodo. L’e- tica, infatti, quale filosofia morale o scienza del bene, stabilisce relazioni strutturali tra l’agire umano e i mezzi per conseguirlo, affinché si mantenga il “bene in sé” quale fine ultimo. The Fourth Industrial Revolution introduced a series of profound cultural, economic and social transformations. The wide technological accele- ration we are experiencing, undoubtedly, creates enormous value, increasing productivity and faci- litating collective well-being. However, technology, in addition to upsetting the world of work and production, the organization of the economic sy- stem and, more generally, everyday life, at the same time, brings a revolution in human consciousness, in the comprehension of the inner and outer world of individuals. Digital technologies are not just to- ols that only change the way we interact with the world, but they are, above all, systems that increa- singly influence the way we understand the world and relate to it, as well as the way we interact with it, the way we conceive of ourselves and interact with each other. Today, in a progressively accelera- ted manner, we face a systematic erosion of purely human experience by technology, especially in the context of being born, living and dying. In particu- lar, although technology exponentially multiplies the connections and interactions between people and organizations, however, it has not encouraged trends that go in the direction of collective well- being. Furthermore, the process of deterioration of the value system has not spared law, a human phe- nomenon par excellence. Therefore, a system that does not register, as in the past, a strong link betwe- en technical-scientific progress and the creation of values that orient towards the collective good, requires the parallel innovation of the models of thought, as well as the redefinition of the catego- ries with which humanities and sciences approach reality. Starting from the analysis of this context, this contribution affirms the idea of the necessity of ethics and philosophy as essential elements for the sustainability of the fourth industrial revolu- tion. Ethical principles, indeed, educate the com- munity to act by evaluating the effects of its actions on nature and on the others, and in the long term. Ethics, in fact, as a moral philosophy or science of good, establishes structural relationships between human action and the means to achieve it, so that "good in itself " is maintained as the ultimate goal.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Stefano Sartorio; Kevin Santus; Arianna Scaioli;
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Righi M.;

    Questo documento riassume le principali tecnologie didattiche hardware e software utilizzabili in base all'età per lo sviluppo dei concetti scientifici nelle nuove generazioni.

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  • Authors: Fabio Terribile; Marialaura Bancheri; Alessia Perego;

    Oltre 60 ricercatori di 10 diversi Paesi, coordinati dall'università Federico II di Napoli, hanno messo a punto una piattaforma web che permette di capire qual è la combinazione migliore per ottimizzare la produzione quantificandone anche l'impatto ambientale. Quindici i programmi a disposizione, tra cui anche uno per lo stoccaggio di carbonio nei suoli. E' il progetto europeo Land Support nelle parole di Tommaso Romano, presidente del consorzio di tutela del pomodoro San Marzano, del coordinatore del progetto, Fabio Terribile dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, di Alessia Perego dell'Università di Milano e di Marialaura Bancheri, ricercatrice del CNR.

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  • Il contributo nasce da un approccio interdisciplinare allo studio delle tra-sformazioni territoriali: ne sono autori, infatti, geografi, fisici e ingegneri ambientali esperti di telerilevamento. L’obiettivo è quello di studiare la recente espansione del capitalismo agricolo in una regione strategica per l’economia del Mezzogiorno: la Piana del Sele. In pochi anni, questo territorio a forte vocazione agri-cola ha conosciuto una drastica alterazione della copertura del suolo, che, se nel 2012 registrava un sostanziale equilibrio tra seminativi e serre, nel 2018, in appena sei anni, ha visto una crescita ponderosa delle serre a scapito proprio dei seminativi. È questa la conseguen-za dell’espansione della cosiddetta “quarta gamma” nel mercato or-tofrutticolo - esplosa anche in Italia nelle ultime due decadi – ovvero la produzione in serra di prodotti freschi, lavati e pronti al consumo. Si tratta di un fenomeno che, oltre alla valenza commerciale, ha dei riverberi geo-economici, sociali e ambientali di prim’ordine. In primo luogo, la penetrazione nei mercati locali dei grandi capitalisti agricoli; in secondo luogo, la riduzione della capacità degli ecosistemi di assi-curare beni e servizi; in terzo luogo, il depauperamento del paesaggio e il potenziale aumento del rischio idrogeologico. La metodologia d’indagine prevede l’analisi dei cambiamenti del-la land cover nei comuni di Battipaglia e Bellizzi, nella provincia di Salerno, nel segmento temporale 2012-2018 attraverso l’Urban Atlas Copernicus, realizzato utilizzando dati satellitari ad altissima risolu-zione. Attraverso il software InVEST, ai cambiamenti osservati è stata abbinata la quantificazione della perdita generata dalla riduzione dei beni e servizi ecosistemici. The paper arises from an interdisciplinary approach to the study of ter ritorial transformations: in fact, its authors are geographers, physicists and environmental engineers who are experts in remote sensing. The aim is to study the recent expansion of agricultural capitalism in a strategic region for the economy of the South: the Sele Plain. In just a few years, this territory with a strong agricultural vocation has experienced a drastic alteration of the land cover: in 2012 there was a substantial bal ance between arable land and greenhouses, but in 2018, in just six years, there was a substantial growth of greenhouses own detriment of arable land. This is the consequence of the expansion of the so-called “fourth range” in the fruit and vegetable market - which has also grown up in Italy in the last two decades - or rather the greenhouse production of fresh, washed and ready-to-eat products. It is a phenomenon which, in addition to its commercial value, has first-rate geo-economic, social and environmental effects. First, the penetration of local markets by large ag ricultural capitalists; secondly, the reduction of the ability of ecosystems to provide goods and services; thirdly, the depletion of the landscape and the potential increase in hydrogeological risk. The survey methodology involves the analysis of land cover changes in the municipalities of Battipaglia and Bellizzi, in the province of Salerno, in the 2012-2018 time span through the Urban Atlas Copernicus, created using very high resolution satellite data. Through the InVEST software, the observed changes were combined with the quantification of the loss generated by the reduction of the ecosystem goods and services.

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    Authors: National Committee for Food Safety;

    Italian National Committee for Food Safety (CNSA) opinion of 22 September 2021 on Cystic echinococcosis: current knowledge and suggestions for prevention and control Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a chronic and debilitating zoonotic larval cestode infection in humans, which requires the one-health approach as it involves humans and livestock or wildlife health and food and environmental contamination. CE is widespread in many regions of the world and endemic in several Italian Regions. Despite the carrying out of important international research programs, many scientific uncertainties and various issues about CE do not allow us to outline a precise epidemiological framework both in humans and in animals. Although it is difficult to calculate accurately the health and economic burden of CE, the disease is estimated to be responsible for significant economic losses in the public health sector. Globally, a 2006 study estimated an annual loss of 760 million and 140 million dollars attributable to infection in humans and livestock, respectively. As regards Italy, EC is the second cause of hospitalization for zoonosis and human infection is estimated to be responsible for a cost of around 4,000,000 euros per year. To this cost must be added the economic losses due to the reduction in milk production in livestock. The Food Safety Section of the CNSA highlights the need to raise awareness and inform citizens and health professionals about CE in order to reduce the spread of the disease. Furthermore, the Section hopes to carry out studies aimed at characterizing the sources of infection and the socio-cultural habits involved in the transmission of the disease in endemic areas. IT; it; pdf; o.pinto@sanita.it

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    Authors: National Committee For Food Safety;

    Italian National Committee for Food Safety (CNSA) opinion of 11 MAY 2021 on Unregulated mycotoxins: Ochratoxin A in cheeses and pork products Ochratoxin A (OTA) is of particular health relevance, as it has marked toxic properties, including carcinogenicity with a potential genotoxic mechanism, and is very widespread in food products. Plant-based foods are the main sources of OTA in the diet; however, it is also present in foods of animal origin, especially in pork products and dairy products, mainly related to the surface proliferation of toxicogenic fungi during the ripening nd storage phases. On the basis of the available data, the theoretical level of Italian consumer exposure deriving from the consumption of raw ham and cheeses was calculated. Based on EFSA toxicological reference values, the estimated exposure levels provide MOEs of less than 10,000 for neoplastic effects with a genotoxic mechanism. In particular the results indicate a health concern for children and for high consumers of ham and cheeses. In addition OTA is a highly widespread mycotoxin in food products, whereas the theoretical exposure data reported here relate only to separate consumption of raw ham and cheeses. Consequently, the calculated MOEs do not concern the total daily intake of OTA, to which plant foods are also expected to contribute significantly. To protect consumer health, OTA contamination should be prevented and reduced. Good practices should be adopted in the ripening and storage of cheeses and cured meats. Furthermore, it is important to inform the consumer to avoid the consumption of cheeses and cured meats that have potentially toxigenic molds and that it is not sufficient to remove only the moldy parts, as the mycotoxin can migrate in depth. IT; it; pdf; o.pinto@sanita.it

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao

    L’avvento del mezzo digitale ha profondamente trasformato tanto le dinamiche di produzione e diffusione del testo letterario, quanto la relativa prassi editoriale. Nonostante ciò, le questioni di fondo che pone la filologia conservano tutta la loro importanza: la volontà d’autore, la conservazione dei documenti, le modalità di pubblicazione sono sempre al centro di un dibattito che si è rivelato particolarmente vivace Oltreoceano. Il volume, che raccoglie saggi pubblicati dagli autori più influenti in materia, introduce alle principali questioni poste dalle varie forme della testualità digitale e dalla circolazione dei testi letterari nel mondo attuale. La digitalizzazione di massa, le nuove dinamiche di lettura, l’obsolescenza dei supporti digitali e le nuove forme di didattica e ricerca collaborativa sono solo alcuni dei temi qui affrontati.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: National Committee for Food Safety;

    Italian National Committee for Food Safety (CNSA) opinion of 9 MARCH 2021 on SARS-COV-2 virus and food In the light of the importance and topicality of the subject, and considering the specific requests for clarification made by the Advisory Section of Consumer and Producer Associations and by other stakeholders, the Food Safety Section deemed it appropriate to carry out an analysis of current knowledge concerning the relationship between viruses and food. Based on the existing international studies, pending possible subsequent modifications and/or clarifications, it can be concluded that there is no scientific evidence to suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted via food through raw or cooked food. Under normal conditions, there is no evidence yet that contaminated packaging transmits the infection, and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection through food contact materials, packaging and surfaces appears negligible. The most important preventive measures to be applied by workers involved in food distribution and sales are physical distancing, good personal hygiene with frequent hand washing and the application of general food hygiene rules. Consumers should be reminded that when shopping, it is good practice to keep a distance of at least 1.5 metres from one another, sanitise the shopping cart or basket, sanitise their hands before and after using the shopping cart or basket and/or protect hands with gloves to be disposed of in special containers after shopping, as well as to use a properly worn mask for all the time spent in the supermarket. At home, there is no need to sanitise food packaging, but it is necessary to wash hands after handling packages. While temperatures used for cooking are sufficient to inactivate the coronavirus, refrigeration and freezing temperatures do not appear to cause a reduction in the viability of the virus. Washing with only drinking water appears to be sufficient to sanitise fruit and vegetables. IT; it; pdf; o.pinto@sanita.it

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  • The author considers the landscape as an infrastructure capable of responding to the critical issues concerning the environmental, social and economic spheres and he suggests a methodology for identifying landscape units through the support of modern geo-informatic and geo-spatial techniques. The study presents the potentialities (and limits) of GiScience and Geographic Information Systems (Gis) to support traditional landscape analysis, understand the evolutionary dynamics of the territories, address the current knowledge on the topic in favor of an active protection of the cultural and natural heritage and, finally, involve local communities in decision-making processes. El autor considera el paisaje como una infraestructura capaz de contestar a las criticidades ambientales, sociales y económicas, y se propone sugerir una metodología para individualizar las Unidades de paisajes por medio del aporte de las modernas técnicas geo-informáticas y geo-espaciales. La propuesta presenta las potencialidades (y los límites) de la GiScience y los Sistemas de información geográfica (Sig) para sostener los tradicionales análisis paisajistas, comprender las dinámicas evolutivas de los territorios, dirigir el conocimiento en favor de una tutela activa del patrimonio cultural y natural y comprometer a las comunidades en los procesos de evaluación. L'autore considera il paesaggio come un’infrastruttura in grado di rispondere alle criticità ambientali, sociali ed economiche e suggerisce una metodologia per l’individuazione delle Unità di paesaggio mediante il supporto delle moderne tecniche geo-informatiche e geo-spaziali. La proposta presenta le potenzialità (e i limiti) della GiScience e i Sistemi di informazione geográfica (Sig) per supportare le tradizionali analisi paesaggistiche, comprendere le dinamiche evolutive dei territori, indirizzare la conoscenza a favore di una tutela attiva del patrimonio culturale e naturale e coinvolgere le comunità locali nei processi valutativi e decisionali. O autor considera a paisagem como uma infraestrutura capaz de responder aos problemas de ordem sociais e econômicos e sugere uma metodologia para a identificação das Unidades de paisagem, com o auxílio das modernas técnicas de geo-informática e geo-espaciais. São apresentadas as potencialidades (e os limites) da GiScience e Sistemas de informação geográfica (Sig) como apoio às análises paisagísticas tradicionais e compreender as dinâmicas evolutivas do território, permitindo uma tutela do patrimônio cultural e natural efetiva e o envolvimento das comunidades locais nos processos de decisão.

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