• Rural Digital Europe
• 2014-2023close
• Article close

Bu çalışmada, 2015-2016 yılları arasında Marmara Bölgesi’nde (Bursa, Yalova, Bilecik, Kocaeli, Sakarya ve İstanbul) yaprağı yenen sebzelerden salata (kıvırcık, marul, aysberg) maydanoz, dereotu, roka, ıspanak ve tere üretim alanlarında görülen hastalık ve zararlı türlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yaprağı yenen sebze üretim alanları hastalık ve zararlı yönünden incelenmiş ve örnek alınmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda fungal etmenlerden Septoria sp., Sclerotinia sp., Botrytis cinerea, Bremia lactucae, viral etmenlerden Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) ve Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), zararlılardan salyangoz, solucan, sülük, yaprak biti, thrips, Empoasca sp. ve Meloidogyne incognita, faydalı böcek olarak ise Coccinela septempunctata, Crysopha sp. ve Syrphus sp. tespit edilmiştir. Sürvey yapılan alanlarda bakteriyel hastalık etmeni tespit edilmemiştir. In this study, it was aimed to determine the diseases and pest species seen in salad (curly, lettuce, iceberg) parsley, dill, arugula, spinach and cress production areas in the Marmara Region (Bursa, Yalova, Bilecik, Kocaeli, Sakarya and İstanbul) between 2015 and 2016.Considering the cultivation areas of leafy vegetables areas was examined and sampled. Fungal agents such as Septoria sp., Sclerotinia sp., Botrytis cinerea, Bremia lactucae, Viral agents such as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Lettuce mosaic potyvirus (LMV), pests such as snail, worm, leech, aphis, thrips, Empoasca sp. and Meloidogyne incognita, as useful insect Coccinela septempunctata, Crysopha sp., and Syrphus sp. were identified result of the analysis. No bacterial agent was detect in the surveyed areas.

Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations 資料番号: PA1920020000 形態: カラー図版あり

Objective: to determine the factors that influence on self-medication in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) adolescents in rural area. Materials and methods: analytical, cross-sectional study, which 383 adolescents between 10 and 18 years old, who lives in two towns of Cartagena, participated. An instrument designed for this study and validated by an expert was applied and integrated by a sociodemographic component, as well as a self-medication and related factors instrument. Results: participants were mostly males (58.2%), between 12 and 17 years old (14.9% and 16.2%), high school students (55.1%). This practice is associated with influence of a relative or a friend (OR 95% CI (6,686 (3,960-11,288)), female sex (OR 95% CI (2,636 (1,516- 4,586) and the acquisition of medications without a medical formula (OR 95% CI (10,491 (4,849 22,698)). Conclusions: self-medication is a common practice among adolescents in the rural area of Cartagena, and is given by cultural factors, such as the family influences and the flexibility of acquiring medications without a medical formula.

Objectives Due to the demographic change, the global prevalence of dementia will continually rise. Barriers to diagnosis and care are still high. But timely diagnosis is associated with valuable benefits and can promote timely and optimal management. Receiving an early diagnosis is especially in rural areas a problem due to the limited access to assessments. Therefore, the aim of our scoping review is to investigate different interventions targeted at rural living elderly to screen and diagnose cognitive decline and dementia. Methods A scoping review was conducted in line with the framework of Arksey and O'Malley. The following databases were systematically searched: PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. The interventions were categorized in four main categories (interventions for general practitioners/institutions; online/mobile offers; telehealth applications; telephone-based screenings). Results Thirty studies were included. The four categories show different scopes of application. Telehealth applications show that it is feasible and valid to diagnose dementia via videoconference. Assessments described in three other categories show that remotely used tools are appropriate to screen for mild cognitive impairment or cognitive decline, but are not valid to establish a dementia diagnosis. Conclusions Telehealth applications can appropriately be used to diagnose dementia. However, most of the studies included only small sample sizes and did not test the applications explicitly in rural or remote populations. Therefore, studies taking these limitations into account are needed. On top, only two RCTs are included in this review indicating that more high quality studies in this field are needed.

This study combines historical data and the principles of bone functional adaptation to examine variation in terrestrial mobility in men and women from pre-industrial urban (Alkmaar 7M, 9F) and rural (Klaaskinderkerke 12M, 8F; Middenbeemster 21M, 22F) Dutch populations. Cross-sectional properties of the femoral and tibial midshaft are determined to investigate variation in lower limb mechanical loading. All populations had comparable age ranges. Rural Middenbeemster males had significantly more elliptically shaped tibiae compared to the other populations. Rural males from Klaaskinderkerke had significantly greater femoral cross-sectional area and torsional rigidity compared to females. In the tibia, the males from both rural populations had greater torsional rigidity and cross-sectional area compared to females. In the rural Middenbeemster population the males also had significantly more elliptically shaped tibiae compared to females. While no sexual dimorphism was found in the urban Alkmaar, significantly greater variation in lower limb cross-sectional properties was found for both males and females relative to the rural populations. These results conform to predictions based on the historical literature of greater lower limb loading in rural males compared to females as well as a greater variety of tasks performed in urban environments. The lack of significant differences in lower limb torsional rigidity or shape between populations in either sex suggests that rural life was not necessarily more physically strenuous than urban life in pre-industrial Dutch populations. However, variation in sexual dimorphism suggests that labor between males and females was differently organized in the rural and urban samples.

Phosphorus (P) is the second most growth limiting macronutrient after nitrogen and plays several important roles in all organisms including plants. In soil, P is available in both organic and inorganic forms. P deficiency reduces the growth and yield of several crop plants. Plants respond to P deficiency by the phenotypic changes especially by the modification of root architecture. Molecular marker-assisted breeding (MAB) has been proposed as an important tool to identify and develop improved varieties of crop plants with efficient P-use efficiency (PUE). Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits related to PUE has been considered as the first step in marker-assisted selection (MAS) and improvement of crop yield programmes. In this review, we describe in detail on architectural changes of roots under P deficiency that are reported in various crops and discuss the efforts made to improve PUE using molecular marker tools. Details on QTLs identified for low P-stress tolerance in various crop plants are presented. These QTLs can be used to improve PUE in crop plants through MAS and breeding, which may be beneficial to improve the yields under P-deficient soil. Development of new and improved varieties using MAB will limit the use of non-renewable fertilizers and improve PUE of key crop plants in low input agriculture.

Abstract Reed represents an opportunity fuel that can be obtained from wetland restoration activities designed for reducing the dominance of invasive reed over native matrix vegetation. Equipment used for reed recovery must be light enough to negotiate soft terrain. At the same time, it needs to be versatile, so that investment cost is depreciated on a variety of different tasks, given the seasonal character of reed collection. The study tested a new system designed for harvesting reed during winter, under unfrozen soil conditions. This system was based on a modified snowcat (trail groomer) and on light orchard tractors, for maximum floatation. Reed chopping, windrowing, baling and extraction took 12 h ha −1 and incurred a cost of 500 € ha −1 , or 111 € t −1 dry matter. Assuming that reed biomass would obtain a price of 80 € t −1 dry matter, the cost of reed control would amount to 160 € ha −1 , which is better than the 242 € ha −1 required for chopping to waste. Furthermore, savings can be accrued by better operator selection (baling) and by improving extraction technique, which would bring reed collection cost below 100 € ha −1 . Reed biomass has favourable fuel qualities, including low water mass fraction. For this reason, reed can be used to build a strategic reserve to be tapped in winter, at times of peak demand. Furthermore, reed grows on land that is not suitable for other uses, and therefore it is unlikely to compete with food crops.

Forest structure and function are subject to risks of growth declines from intensified drought and frequent extreme events related to climate warming. Knowledge of tree growth declines will help anticipate future responses of forests to climate change. In this study, we investigated tree growth declines over the last four centuries in a juniper forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. By analyzing the radial growth trajectories of individual trees, we identified two events of intense growth decline, one in 1817–1830 and the other in 1969–1999 over the past four centuries. The intensity of the recent decline was unprecedented in the period under study. Ring-width chronology showed a positive correlation with self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Indices and a negative correlation with mean monthly temperatures in May and June. The recent intensified growth decline may have been due to temperature-induced frequent droughts in the study area. Our findings suggest that trees in this juniper forest may face a higher risk of growth decline and even mortality under continued climate warming.

In an effort to realize food security, the Ministry of Agriculture made a policy of agricultural development by preparing food self-sufficiency program embodied with Special Effort of Increasing Productivity of Rice, Corn and Soy (UPSUS PAJALE). This escort and assistance is conducted by Agricultural Extension (PNS and THL), BABINSA (Bintara Pembina Desa) and students. This research aim to know 1) the implementation of UPSUS PAJALE program in Yogyakarta Special District; 2) the perception rate of program adviser to implementation of UPSUS PAJALE program; and 3) the factors which affect to the perception of program adviser. The research used descriptive method. The sampling of location was chosen purposively, while the sampling of program adviser was taken by simple random sampling and total sample is 40 respondents. The data were analyzed with proportion test and multiple linier regression. The research results showed that the rate of program adviser perception to implementation UPSUS PAJALE program was in good category. Knowledge of program adviser positively affect to the perception. Factors that did not significantly influence to perception of program adviser were experience, motivation to work in agriculture, interaction with farmers, interaction with agricultural extention worker, and interaction with BABINSA (TNI).

Managing food, water, and energy waste streams leads to more sustainable production, consumption, and distribution processes in the food–water–energy nexus (FWEN). Agricultural and organic waste streams within the FWEN can be difficult to manage due to both volume and their potential environmental impacts. However, they are also often characterized by a rich mix of organic compounds, ripe for conversion into energy or value-added products. Process systems engineering (PSE) stands uniquely positioned to understand the interconnections between food, water, and energy of agricultural and food wastes, wastewater, and municipal solid waste (MSW). Targeted advances in systems analysis as well as design and optimization of integrated FWEN waste management technologies and processes are expected to have the greatest impact. When building integrated mathematical models, care must be taken to consider waste treatment not as an independent process unaffected by the FWEN, but as a core component of the FWEN, connected to all nexus resources and systems.