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  • Rural Digital Europe
  • Acta Agrobotanica

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dorota Gawęda; Marian Wesołowski; Cezary A. Kwiatkowski;

    <p>The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a spring barley crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009–2011 at the Uhrusk Experimental Farm, on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included stubble crops which were ploughed under in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and 3 weed control methods used in spring barley crops (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). <em>Veronica persica </em>was the weed species that occurred in greatest numbers in the spring barley crop sown after stubble crops. All cover crops reduced the numbers of <em>Avena fatua </em>which was the dominant species in the control treatment. Chemical as well as chemical and mechanical weed control significantly reduced the numbers of <em>Avena fatua</em> compared to the treatment where only double harrowing was used for weed control. The stubble crops did not reduce weed infestation of spring barley. Compared to the control treatment, the ploughing-in of white mustard and the mixture of legumes reduced the dry weight of weeds by 49.1 and 22.7%, respectively. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to the other weed control methods. A significant negative correlation was found between the dry weight of weeds in the spring barley crop and the dry weight of the ploughed-in white mustard cover crop under the conditions of chemical weed control as well as in the case of the mixture of legumes when complete mechanical and chemical weed control was used.</p>

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    Acta Agrobotanica
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    Acta Agrobotanica
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Agrobotanica
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      Acta Agrobotanica
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Krystyna Zarzecka; Alicja Baranowska; Marek Gugała;

    A field experiment was conducted in the years 2002- 2004 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52<sup>o</sup>06' N; 22<sup>o</sup>06' E), belonging to the University of Podlasie in Siedlce, Poland. The investigated factors were two soil tillage systems (traditional and reduced) and seven methods of weed control in potato canopies with herbicide application. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of tillage systems and weed control methods on the weed species composition and weed density. Tillage systems, weed control methods and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the study years significantly varied weed infestation of potato canopies at the beginning of vegetation and before tuber harvest. The lowest number of weeds, compared to the control treatment, was recorded in the treatments in which chemical and mechanical weed control had been applied. The treatments with the traditional tillage system also showed lower weed infestation than those in which simplifications had been applied.

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    Acta Agrobotanica
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    Acta Agrobotanica
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Agrobotanica
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      Acta Agrobotanica
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Aleksandra Głowacka;

    The experiment was conducted in the years 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamość, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The following factors were analysed in the experiment: I. Cultivation method – sole cropping and strip cropping, which consisted in the cultivation of three plants: dent maize, common bean, and spring barley, in adjacent strips with a width of 3.3 m; II. Weed control methods – mechanical and chemical. The subject of the research was weed infestation of the 'Celio' variety of dent maize, the 'Aura' variety of common bean, and the 'Start' variety of spring barley. Weed infestation of the crops was assessed two weeks before harvesting by determining the species composi- tion as well as the number and dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species in maize, common bean and spring barley were <em>Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album </em>and <em>Galinsoga parviflora</em>, constituting from 58% to 70% of the total number of weeds. Strip cropping clearly reduced the number of weeds per unit area in all the cultivated species and dry weight of aboveground parts produced by them in common bean and maize crops. The limiting effect of strip cropping on the weed infestation parameters was particularly clear in combination with the mechanical weed control method.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Acta Agrobotanicaarrow_drop_down
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    Acta Agrobotanica
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    Acta Agrobotanica
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Acta Agrobotanicaarrow_drop_down
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      Acta Agrobotanica
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Agrobotanica
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    Authors: Sylwia Andruszczak; Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe; Piotr Kraska; Edward Pałys;

    The present study was carried out in the period 2007- 2009 in the Experimental Farm in Bezek near the city of Chełm. The aim of the investigation was to compare weed infestation of the husked (Krezus) and naked (Cacko) oat cultivars cultivated under conditions of different weed control treatments. The following weed control levels were compared: A - control object; B - harrowing twice; C - application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE; D - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + foliar fertilizer Insol 3; E - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + two foliar fertilizers: Insol 3 and FoliCare 18:18:18. The husked oat cv. Krezus was more competitive against weeds. Number of dicotyledonous weeds and of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds, and air-dry weight of above-ground parts of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were all significantly lower compared to the naked cv. Cacko. From the group of dicotyledonous species, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Matricaria maritima</i> ssp. <i>inodora</i>, <i>Polygonum aviculare</i>, and <i>Stellaria media</i> were the dominant species in the crops of the oat varieties under investigation, whereas among the monocotyledonous species <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>, <i>Setaria pumila</i>, <i>Apera spica-venti</i>, and <i>Elymus repens</i> occurred in greatest numbers. The application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE decreased the number of dicotyledonous weeds and air-dry weight of weeds, compared to the treatment in which mechanical weed control had been used.

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    Acta Agrobotanica
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    Acta Agrobotanica
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      Acta Agrobotanica
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      Acta Agrobotanica
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    Authors: Cezary Kwiatkowski;

    A field experiment involving the cultivation of common valerian was conducted on loess soil in Abramów (Lublin region) in the period 2007-2009. Qualitative parameters of herbal raw material obtained from this plant as well as in-crop weed infestation were evaluated depending on the protection method and forecrop. Hand-weeded plots, in which a hand hoe was used, were the control. In the other treatments, weeds were controlled using various herbicides and a mechanical implement (brush weeder). Potato and winter wheat + field pea cover crop were the forecrops for common valerian crops. A hypothesis was made that the use of a brush weeder and herbicides not registered for application in valerian crops would have a positive effect on this plant's productivity and weed infestation in its crops. It was also assumed that the introduction of a cover crop would allow the elimination of differences in the forecrop value of the crop stands in question. The best quantitative and qualitative parameters of common valerian raw material as well as the largest reduction of incrop weed infestation were recorded after the application of the herbicides which were not type approved. The use of the brush weeder in the interrows also had a beneficial effect on productivity of the plant in question, but secondary weed infestation at the end of the growing season of common valerian turned out to be its disadvantage. Traditional crop protection methods used in common valerian crops were less effective in weed infestation reduction and they resulted in lower plant productivity and raw material quality. Potato proved to be a better forecrop for common valerian than winter wheat + field pea; however, this positive effect was not confirmed statistically. The following annual weeds: <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Stellaria media</i>, were predominant in the common valerian crop. Traditional weed control methods resulted in the dominance of some dicotyledonous weeds, such as <i>Viola arvensis</i>, <i>Galium aparine</i>, <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i>.

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    Authors: Krystyna Zarzecka; Marek Gugała;

    The results presented in this paper were obtained in the field experminent carried out in the years 1999-2001 on a soil a very good rye complex. In this experiment definited number of weeds and their floristic species composition. The application of mixtures herbicides decreased of number of weeds as compared with the number obtained for mechanical control of 397-500% at the beginning of the vegetation and of 180-220% prior to tubers harvest. The herbicides reduced the composition of weed species, moreover.

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    Acta Agrobotanica
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    Authors: Aleksandra Głowacka;

    A field experiment was conducted in the years 2008-2010 at the Research Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, on brown soil with a slightly acidic pH, a high content of available phosphorus and potassium as well as an average magnesium content. The experiment was set up in a random split-plot design with four replications, with two methods for controlling weed infestation: I. mechanical - weeding of inter-rows twice; II. chemical - the herbicide Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC (a.i. linuron, 900 g × ha<sup>-1</sup>). Next, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents were determined in maize and in the dominant weed species. Based on the dry weight yield of maize and the biomass of particular weed species, nutrient uptake per hectare area was calculated. The chemical method of weed control reduced both the number and dry weight of weeds more than the mechanical method. The dominant species in the maize crop were <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> (L.) P. Beauv., <i>Chenopodium album</i> L., <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i> Cav., and <i>Cirsium arvense</i> L. All the weed species examined were more competitive than maize in accumulating potassium, calcium and magnesium. <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i> Cav. was the most competitive species with maize for potassium, <i>Cirsium arvense</i> L. for calcium, and <i>Chenopodium album</i> L. and <i>Polygonum lapathifolium</i> L. subsp. <i>lapathifolium</i> for magnesium. Weeds are serious competitors in taking up nutrients relative to crop plants; their share in the total uptake of macroelements from the soil by the maize crop and weeds together was considerable and it averaged as follows: for K - 35%, Ca - 27.3%, Mg - 27.4%.

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    Authors: Katarzyna Zarzecka;

    In a strict field experiment we have studied the influence of different weed control method on the species composition and the number on weeds occurring in a field of four potato cultivars. The application of herbicides decreased the number of weeds, as compared with the number obtained for mechanical control by 1,9-5,1 times at the beginning ofthe vegetation and by 1,5-3,7 times prior to tubers harvest. The herbicides considerably reduced the composition of weed species, moreover.

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    Authors: Stanisław Wociór; Justyna Wieniarska; Irena Wójcik; Salwina Palonka;

    The studies performed in 1997 - 1999 have shown that herbicides such as Azotop 50 (simazine, 6-chloro-N, N-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in the dose lkg ha<sup>-1</sup> or Afalon 50 WP (linuron, N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)N-methoxy-N-methylurea) in dose 1,5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> or its mixture with Dual 960 EC (metolachlor, 2-chloro-N(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide) in dose 1,5 l ha<sup>-1</sup> applied in early spring significantly decreased number of weeds in nursery of sourcherry trees cv. Lut6wka budded on <em>Prunus mahaleb</em> L rootstocks as compared with mechanical weed control. Both, Azotop 50 and Azotop 50 in mixture with Dual 960 EC eliminated weeds for the longer period than Afalon 50 WP and Afalon 50 WP with Dual 960 EC. Herbicides did not affect tree trunk diameter (at 30 cm. from the ground level), the number and total length of shoots of one-year-old sour cherry trees in comparison with mechanical control of weeds.

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    Authors: Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe; Piotr Kraska; Edward Pałys;

    This paper presents the results of a study carried out in the years 2005-2007 in the Bezek Experimental Farm near the city of Chełm, Poland, on heavy mixed rendzina soil. The effect of intercropping, using red clover (cv. Dajana) and white clover (cv. Astra), on weed infestation of a spring barley crop was studied. The species composition of weeds in the spring barley crop changed to a small extent under the influence of the application of clover intercropping, whereas the population size of particular species showed large fluctuations. In the spring barley crop with the red clover intercrop, <i>Sonchus arvensis</i> occurred in greatest numbers among dicotyledonous weed species. In the barley crop with white clover and without intercrop, <i>Viola arvensis</i> and <i>Sonchus arvensis</i> were the dominant dicotyledonous species. <i>Setaria pumila</i> was the dominant monocotyledonous species in all the treatments. Intercropping using red and white clover clearly limited the growth and development of weeds. The red clover intercrop in the spring barley crop better reduced the infestation with dicotyledonous weeds and also significantly reduced the number of monocotyledonous weeds and the total number of weeds, whereas the white clover intercrop limited only the number of monocotyledonous weeds. The application of the herbicide Chwastox Extra 300 SL significantly reduced the fresh weight of weeds found in the spring barley crop. The presence of the intercrop resulted in different total numbers of weeds in particular treatments. Intercropping distinctly limited the occurrence of the following weed species: <i>Sonchus arvensis</i>, <i>Fallopia convolvulus</i>, <i>Melandrium album</i>, <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i>, <i>Veronica arvensis</i> and <i>Medicago lupulina</i>. The investigated intercrop species also reduced the biomass of weeds. The application of the herbicide did not differentiate the number of monocotyledonous weeds, which resulted from the application of Chwastox Extra 300 SL that controls only dicotyledonous species.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dorota Gawęda; Marian Wesołowski; Cezary A. Kwiatkowski;

    <p>The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a spring barley crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009–2011 at the Uhrusk Experimental Farm, on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included stubble crops which were ploughed under in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and 3 weed control methods used in spring barley crops (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). <em>Veronica persica </em>was the weed species that occurred in greatest numbers in the spring barley crop sown after stubble crops. All cover crops reduced the numbers of <em>Avena fatua </em>which was the dominant species in the control treatment. Chemical as well as chemical and mechanical weed control significantly reduced the numbers of <em>Avena fatua</em> compared to the treatment where only double harrowing was used for weed control. The stubble crops did not reduce weed infestation of spring barley. Compared to the control treatment, the ploughing-in of white mustard and the mixture of legumes reduced the dry weight of weeds by 49.1 and 22.7%, respectively. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to the other weed control methods. A significant negative correlation was found between the dry weight of weeds in the spring barley crop and the dry weight of the ploughed-in white mustard cover crop under the conditions of chemical weed control as well as in the case of the mixture of legumes when complete mechanical and chemical weed control was used.</p>

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    Acta Agrobotanica
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    Authors: Krystyna Zarzecka; Alicja Baranowska; Marek Gugała;

    A field experiment was conducted in the years 2002- 2004 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52<sup>o</sup>06' N; 22<sup>o</sup>06' E), belonging to the University of Podlasie in Siedlce, Poland. The investigated factors were two soil tillage systems (traditional and reduced) and seven methods of weed control in potato canopies with herbicide application. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of tillage systems and weed control methods on the weed species composition and weed density. Tillage systems, weed control methods and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the study years significantly varied weed infestation of potato canopies at the beginning of vegetation and before tuber harvest. The lowest number of weeds, compared to the control treatment, was recorded in the treatments in which chemical and mechanical weed control had been applied. The treatments with the traditional tillage system also showed lower weed infestation than those in which simplifications had been applied.

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    Authors: Aleksandra Głowacka;

    The experiment was conducted in the years 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamość, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The following factors were analysed in the experiment: I. Cultivation method – sole cropping and strip cropping, which consisted in the cultivation of three plants: dent maize, common bean, and spring barley, in adjacent strips with a width of 3.3 m; II. Weed control methods – mechanical and chemical. The subject of the research was weed infestation of the 'Celio' variety of dent maize, the 'Aura' variety of common bean, and the 'Start' variety of spring barley. Weed infestation of the crops was assessed two weeks before harvesting by determining the species composi- tion as well as the number and dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species in maize, common bean and spring barley were <em>Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album </em>and <em>Galinsoga parviflora</em>, constituting from 58% to 70% of the total number of weeds. Strip cropping clearly reduced the number of weeds per unit area in all the cultivated species and dry weight of aboveground parts produced by them in common bean and maize crops. The limiting effect of strip cropping on the weed infestation parameters was particularly clear in combination with the mechanical weed control method.

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    Acta Agrobotanica
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    Authors: Sylwia Andruszczak; Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe; Piotr Kraska; Edward Pałys;

    The present study was carried out in the period 2007- 2009 in the Experimental Farm in Bezek near the city of Chełm. The aim of the investigation was to compare weed infestation of the husked (Krezus) and naked (Cacko) oat cultivars cultivated under conditions of different weed control treatments. The following weed control levels were compared: A - control object; B - harrowing twice; C - application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE; D - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + foliar fertilizer Insol 3; E - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + two foliar fertilizers: Insol 3 and FoliCare 18:18:18. The husked oat cv. Krezus was more competitive against weeds. Number of dicotyledonous weeds and of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds, and air-dry weight of above-ground parts of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were all significantly lower compared to the naked cv. Cacko. From the group of dicotyledonous species, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Matricaria maritima</i> ssp. <i>inodora</i>, <i>Polygonum aviculare</i>, and <i>Stellaria media</i> were the dominant species in the crops of the oat varieties under investigation, whereas among the monocotyledonous species <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>, <i>Setaria pumila</i>, <i>Apera spica-venti</i>, and <i>Elymus repens</i> occurred in greatest numbers. The application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE decreased the number of dicotyledonous weeds and air-dry weight of weeds, compared to the treatment in which mechanical weed control had been used.

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    Authors: Cezary Kwiatkowski;

    A field experiment involving the cultivation of common valerian was conducted on loess soil in Abramów (Lublin region) in the period 2007-2009. Qualitative parameters of herbal raw material obtained from this plant as well as in-crop weed infestation were evaluated depending on the protection method and forecrop. Hand-weeded plots, in which a hand hoe was used, were the control. In the other treatments, weeds were controlled using various herbicides and a mechanical implement (brush weeder). Potato and winter wheat + field pea cover crop were the forecrops for common valerian crops. A hypothesis was made that the use of a brush weeder and herbicides not registered for application in valerian crops would have a positive effect on this plant's productivity and weed infestation in its crops. It was also assumed that the introduction of a cover crop would allow the elimination of differences in the forecrop value of the crop stands in question. The best quantitative and qualitative parameters of common valerian raw material as well as the largest reduction of incrop weed infestation were recorded after the application of the herbicides which were not type approved. The use of the brush weeder in the interrows also had a beneficial effect on productivity of the plant in question, but secondary weed infestation at the end of the growing season of common valerian turned out to be its disadvantage. Traditional crop protection methods used in common valerian crops were less effective in weed infestation reduction and they resulted in lower plant productivity and raw material quality. Potato proved to be a better forecrop for common valerian than winter wheat + field pea; however, this positive effect was not confirmed statistically. The following annual weeds: <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Stellaria media</i>, were predominant in the common valerian crop. Traditional weed control methods resulted in the dominance of some dicotyledonous weeds, such as <i>Viola arvensis</i>, <i>Galium aparine</i>, <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i>.

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    Authors: Krystyna Zarzecka; Marek Gugała;

    The results presented in this paper were obtained in the field experminent carried out in the years 1999-2001 on a soil a very good rye complex. In this experiment definited number of weeds and their floristic species composition. The application of mixtures herbicides decreased of number of weeds as compared with the number obtained for mechanical control of 397-500% at the beginning of the vegetation and of 180-220% prior to tubers harvest. The herbicides reduced the composition of weed species, moreover.

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    Authors: Aleksandra Głowacka;

    A field experiment was conducted in the years 2008-2010 at the Research Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, on brown soil with a slightly acidic pH, a high content of available phosphorus and potassium as well as an average magnesium content. The experiment was set up in a random split-plot design with four replications, with two methods for controlling weed infestation: I. mechanical - weeding of inter-rows twice; II. chemical - the herbicide Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC (a.i. linuron, 900 g × ha<sup>-1</sup>). Next, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents were determined in maize and in the dominant weed species. Based on the dry weight yield of maize and the biomass of particular weed species, nutrient uptake per hectare area was calculated. The chemical method of weed control reduced both the number and dry weight of weeds more than the mechanical method. The dominant species in the maize crop were <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> (L.) P. Beauv., <i>Chenopodium album</i> L., <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i> Cav., and <i>Cirsium arvense</i> L. All the weed species examined were more competitive than maize in accumulating potassium, calcium and magnesium. <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i> Cav. was the most competitive species with maize for potassium, <i>Cirsium arvense</i> L. for calcium, and <i>Chenopodium album</i> L. and <i>Polygonum lapathifolium</i> L. subsp. <i>lapathifolium</i> for magnesium. Weeds are serious competitors in taking up nutrients relative to crop plants; their share in the total uptake of macroelements from the soil by the maize crop and weeds together was considerable and it averaged as follows: for K - 35%, Ca - 27.3%, Mg - 27.4%.

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    Acta Agrobotanica
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    Acta Agrobotanica
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    Authors: Katarzyna Zarzecka;

    In a strict field experiment we have studied the influence of different weed control method on the species composition and the number on weeds occurring in a field of four potato cultivars. The application of herbicides decreased the number of weeds, as compared with the number obtained for mechanical control by 1,9-5,1 times at the beginning ofthe vegetation and by 1,5-3,7 times prior to tubers harvest. The herbicides considerably reduced the composition of weed species, moreover.

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    Authors: Stanisław Wociór; Justyna Wieniarska; Irena Wójcik; Salwina Palonka;

    The studies performed in 1997 - 1999 have shown that herbicides such as Azotop 50 (simazine, 6-chloro-N, N-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in the dose lkg ha<sup>-1</sup> or Afalon 50 WP (linuron, N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)N-methoxy-N-methylurea) in dose 1,5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> or its mixture with Dual 960 EC (metolachlor, 2-chloro-N(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide) in dose 1,5 l ha<sup>-1</sup> applied in early spring significantly decreased number of weeds in nursery of sourcherry trees cv. Lut6wka budded on <em>Prunus mahaleb</em> L rootstocks as compared with mechanical weed control. Both, Azotop 50 and Azotop 50 in mixture with Dual 960 EC eliminated weeds for the longer period than Afalon 50 WP and Afalon 50 WP with Dual 960 EC. Herbicides did not affect tree trunk diameter (at 30 cm. from the ground level), the number and total length of shoots of one-year-old sour cherry trees in comparison with mechanical control of weeds.

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    Authors: Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe; Piotr Kraska; Edward Pałys;

    This paper presents the results of a study carried out in the years 2005-2007 in the Bezek Experimental Farm near the city of Chełm, Poland, on heavy mixed rendzina soil. The effect of intercropping, using red clover (cv. Dajana) and white clover (cv. Astra), on weed infestation of a spring barley crop was studied. The species composition of weeds in the spring barley crop changed to a small extent under the influence of the application of clover intercropping, whereas the population size of particular species showed large fluctuations. In the spring barley crop with the red clover intercrop, <i>Sonchus arvensis</i> occurred in greatest numbers among dicotyledonous weed species. In the barley crop with white clover and without intercrop, <i>Viola arvensis</i> and <i>Sonchus arvensis</i> were the dominant dicotyledonous species. <i>Setaria pumila</i> was the dominant monocotyledonous species in all the treatments. Intercropping using red and white clover clearly limited the growth and development of weeds. The red clover intercrop in the spring barley crop better reduced the infestation with dicotyledonous weeds and also significantly reduced the number of monocotyledonous weeds and the total number of weeds, whereas the white clover intercrop limited only the number of monocotyledonous weeds. The application of the herbicide Chwastox Extra 300 SL significantly reduced the fresh weight of weeds found in the spring barley crop. The presence of the intercrop resulted in different total numbers of weeds in particular treatments. Intercropping distinctly limited the occurrence of the following weed species: <i>Sonchus arvensis</i>, <i>Fallopia convolvulus</i>, <i>Melandrium album</i>, <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i>, <i>Veronica arvensis</i> and <i>Medicago lupulina</i>. The investigated intercrop species also reduced the biomass of weeds. The application of the herbicide did not differentiate the number of monocotyledonous weeds, which resulted from the application of Chwastox Extra 300 SL that controls only dicotyledonous species.

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