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This paper discusses the main anti-crisis measures for agricultural regulation applied to large agricultural producers of strategic importance and supporting medium-sized agricultural producers.

Government of Mongolia has developed “National Development Strategy of Mongolia” and “Regional Development Policy of Mongolia” and it was focused on promoting fast development of tourism as one of the leading sectors of the economy. Furthermore, increase in responsibility of state and local authorities for business sector is paying more attention to further development of regional tour-recreation. Given that the tour-recreation recourses in rural area are ought to be determined specifically as well as the determined recourses are required to be utilized in efficient way, it is envisaged that gradually increases are important for involving the Camp of cooperating Herding Households (CCHH) to be participated in local tour-recreation activities. Accordingly, demands are raised to identify the factors and influences on developing the Tour-recreation activities in CCHH.Our objective of this research work is to conduct the full assessment and regionalize the tour-recreational capacity of Uvs province.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 130-133, 2015

With a population of 3.1 million, Mongolia is situated on a rolling plateau in central eastern Asia, with mountains to the west and north and plains to the south and east. Mongolia has undergone significant social, political and economic transformations during the past century, one outcome of which has been the progressive sedentarisation of many of its nomadic pastoral herders. Internal migration data have been collected using decennial censuses, with questions focussing on lifetime migration, place of residence five years ago and duration of residence. A system of civil registration also collects annual internal migration data. Census data suggest that Mongolia is currently experiencing a period of high migration intensity and, coupled with high efficiency, this has had a significant spatial impact, with flows focussed on the capital city, Ulaanbaatar. In the past two decades, both the intensity and effectiveness of migration have been volatile. This is partly a response to the transformation of the Mongolian economy from a collectivised to an open market system, as well as a significant mining boom. Environmental factors and government policy are also impacting internal migration. Severe winters (dzuds) are triggering out-migration from rural areas to Ulaanbaatar, while policies restricting registration of new migrants in the capital are seeking to stem internal migration flows. Internal migration is exacerbating regional inequalities and leading to significant expansion of the low-density peri-urban districts (ger) on the periphery of Ulaanbaatar. This presents pressing policy challenges for authorities.

AbstractEarly life experience may influence an executive's psychology and behaviour, which affects the company's financial policy. Using a unique early life political event, this paper finds that the ‘Down to the Countryside’ experience of board chairs in China increases their risk aversion and reduces the firms’ innovation investments. Such an effect is robust to a series of alternative tests. Further analysis shows that this impact is not weakened by chairs’ higher education, and their increased risk aversion results in the chairs being more prudent and making more efficient investment decisions.

We have studied historical development of e-commerce business, e-commerce companies, online payment options, goods delivery service and its forms and selected certain indicators for unification. Two hypotheses were stated within the research: e-commerce companies in Mongolia have successfully implemented online payment methods; and also goods delivery services. The purpose of the research has been to cover all companies operating actively in e-commerce market that have B2C, i.e., Business to Customer model. In total 70 companies were selected based on the analyzed information from official sources. Regarding the result, the companies are offering 24 types of tangible and intangible goods and 20% of them are selling e-goods. Researchers have found out that there are 13 traditional and electronic payment methods in Mongolia as of today and all companies have implemented at least 1 online payment methods, the maximum amount is 12 methods, and the average is from 5 to 6 methods. Three goods delivery model exists and 56 from 70 companies are offering tangible goods. 84% of them has already solved the issue of goods delivery. 72% of those 56 companies have their own department or employee for delivery service, and remaining 28% are using domestic or international postage services. Half, i.e., 50% of those 56 companies use local transportation for their goods delivery to rural areas. Therefore, regarding the results we assume that hypotheses are proved and the relevant conclusion was made.

Urban growth can profoundly change the urban landscape structure, ecosystem processes, and local climates. Timely and accurate information on the status and trends of urban ecosystems is critical factor for sustainable development strategies and it improves the urban residential environment and living quality. In recent years, the migration from rural area to urban is major driver for expansion of Ulaanbaatar and city was urbanized a quite rapidly in the past twenty years. The aggregation of high temperature occurs particularly in the more constructed area as much as evidenced in the city center, meanwhile the reduction and fragmentation of low temperature is even more apparent in suburban areas of city. Urban Heat Island (UHI) is the most significant issue towards urbanization and sustainable development of urban around in the world. This study analyzed the Land Surface Temperature (LST) differences on time series (1995 - 2016) of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia and the relationships between LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (green spaces in the city) using statistical analysis, such as box-plotting and regression. The analysis basically focused on the relationship between LST and change of green space area influenced by human activities. The analytical methodologies used in this study could help to calculate the urban thermal environmental functions under conditions of urban expansion and explore the local climate change of this city. In addition, the satellite images data based on Landsat time series between 1995 and 2016 were analyzed for change detection mapping. Landsat series images were gathered by thermal mapper (TM), enhanced thermal mapper plus (ETM+) and operational land imager (OLI). The results show that relationships between each impact become an important determinant of changes in the urban thermal environment. Furthermore, seasonal factor significantly impacts to the strength of this relationship and it is being to the highest contribution indices values in summer.

Malaria continues decimating population in Zimbabwe health system especially in high malarial rural areas. The transmission of malaria is seasonal and strongly influenced by the multiple risk factors such as malaria control interventions, land use, socio-economic determinants and environmental factors in Buhera rural district. Environmental risk factors such as rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index, day land surface temperature, enhanced vegetation index and night land surface temperature are risk factors for malaria as they influence the development of parasite vector and the relationship between the vector and host as well as malaria trends. In Buhera rural district, malaria incidences vary with environmental variables and influence endemicity levels and tend to cluster into high malaria perennial (perennial hotspots), low malaria perennial, high malaria sporadic(seasonal hotspots), low malaria sporadic hence perennial and seasonal hotspots become sources of continued malaria infection. Therefore, the study aimed at the modelling of malaria cases and environmental risk factors at micro-level strengthen malaria interventions and effective allocation of resources.

'Home' ABSTRACT Notions of double-rootedness were deeply ingrained in Zimbabwe's urban migrants' lives. Double-rootedness implies holding on to the concept of 'home' while simultaneously being located in a foreign setting. Home in the context of urban women migrants from Chinhoyi and Harare implies a connection with some village or rural place. When applied from outside the country 'home' refers to Zimbabwe. For the women urban migrants in the study double rootedness was adopted as a survival strategy in the face of a declining and collapsing national economy. For many urban migrants double-rootedness implied having a real or imagined connection with some rural place called 'home'. The paper builds on the experience gained by the author during 12-months of an OSSREA funded research project conducted in 2002 in Chinhoyi the capital city of Mashonaland West Province and Harare, Zimbabwe's capital. The methodology adopted for the study was mainly qualitative in nature. The research participants for this study displayed double-rootedness in their really or imagined life-worlds. For this group of women research participants, social networks played a critical role in enabling them access the much needed resources, information and social support. Thus, urban women migrants in this study demonstrate little support for the thesis that under conditions of scarcity and poverty there is little basis for reciprocity. Shared knowledge and information and the activation of social networks enabled many migrants to access accommodation, jobs and other resources thus, allowing many to continue to stay in town and to support their households. Not only did networks enrich people's lives, they acted as a resource that enabled many to hang on, cope and at times even propel some migrants to climb out of poverty. Networks generally involved kin, friends and neighbours. The study showed that non- kin networks became more pronounced under conditions of poverty. Social networks had become a key organisational principle among urban residents. An interesting observation noted amongst many urban residents was their shared perceptions that the rural area was still their home. This view persisted even amongst urban migrants with minimum contact with their rural homes.